El

Magne)smo del Sistema Solar

Julia Herrero-Albillos
Aurora
The Earth magnetic field
The Earth magnetic field

TODAY
The Earth magnetic field
The Earth magnetic field

PANGEA
-220.000.000 years

The history of
the Earth
The Earth magnetic field

ESAs Swarm mission will

unravel one of the most
mysterious aspects of our
planet: the magne)c eld.
The magnetic Solar system

Did asteroids generated

a dynamo field?
Asteroids
NASA mission to Psyche
Meteorites
Stony meteorites
Iron meteorites
Stony-iron meteorites

Asteroids
Mars
Moon

Esquel meteorite
Fe-Ni metals in meteorites

Kamacite Kamacite (Fe)

Soft ferromagnet

Tetrataenite
Ordered FeNi (L10)
Hard ferromagnet

Tetrataenite Ordered Fe3Ni

Rim Soft ferromagnet

Plessite
(Kamacite/Taenite) Taenite
Soft ferromagnet
Cooling down of an asteroid

Kamacite (Fe)
Fe FeNi
Soft ferromagnet
90% Fe
nanoislands
10%Ni
50% Ni
50% Ni
Tetrataenite
50% Ni
50% Ni
Ordered FeNi (L10)

50% Ni
50% Ni
Hard ferromagnet

50% Ni
10% Ni Ordered Fe3Ni
Soft ferromagnet
Cooling rate:
2 - 9 Kelvin per MY
Taenite
Soft ferromagnet
Cooling down of an asteroid

Kamacite (Fe)
Soft ferromagnet

Tetrataenite
Ordered FeNi (L10)
Hard ferromagnet

Ordered Fe3Ni
Soft ferromagnet
Cloudy zone

Coarse cloudy zone Taenite

Soft ferromagnet
0.2 < Hc < 0.8 T
The Cloudy Zone

CZ
TT

Pt
CZ

TT

500 nm
The Cloudy Zone

Computer simulaXons of spinodal development in the ne, medium and course cloudy zone

Pt
CZ

TT

500 nm
Formation and magnetisation
of the Cloudy Zone
MagneXsaXon is being conXnuously recorded
during slow cooling across the cloudy zone.

Tc (oC) 400 375 350 325 300

Time (MYears) 100 150 200 250 300

X-ray PhotoEmission
Electron Microscopy

Fluorescence
Image
screen

OpXcal lenses

MagneXc Projective lens

lenses
Energy analyser
Column

Light source
Objective
lens
e-

X-rays e- Sample

Photo Emission Electron Microscopy Op)cal Microscope

X-ray PhotoEmission
Electron Microscopy
Imaging: spatial resolution (~ 30 nm)

0 100 200 300 400 500

0
40
80
120
160
Projective lens
200
Energy analyser 240
280
Column
320
360
Objective
lens
e- 400
440
480

X-rays e-
X-ray PhotoEmission
Electron Microscopy
Imaging: spatial resolution (~ 30 nm)
Spectroscopy and element specific images
0 100 200 300 400 500
0
Synchrotron40radiation
Tunable energy
80

Variable polarization
120
160
Projective lens
200
Energy analyser 240
280
Column

Intensity (arb. units)

20x10
3

3.104 cz
a
m
320
360
Objective
e- 15

2.104
400
Intensity (A.U.)

lens 440
10 480

X-rays 1.104
e- 5

0
760
700
700 780
710
710
Frame number800
720
720 820
730
730
E (eV)
X-ray PhotoEmission
Electron Microscopy
Imaging: spatial resolution (~ 30 nm)
Spectroscopy and element specific images
XMCD: Magnetic domains
-Element and band selecXve

0 100 200 300 400 500

- MagneXzaXon sensiXve
0

Projective lens 40
80
120

XAS
Energy analyser XMCD
160
0 100 200 300 400 500
200
240 0 5m fov
Column 280
320
40
80
360
120
400
160
440
200
480

Objective 240

e-
0 100 200 300 400 500
0 280

lens 40 320

XAS
80 360
120
400
160
440

X-rays
200

e-
480
240
280
320
360
400
440
480
Nanopaleomagnetism
in meteorites
X-ray PhotoEmission electron Microscopy (X-PEEM):
Compositional and magnetization maps with ~ 30 nm spatial resolution.
5 m
Compositional
Map
Magnetic
Map

Kamacite TT Rim Cloudy Zone Plessite

50
% Ni content

Cloudy Zone Plessite

e )

im
c i t

FeNi r
(Kam a
Fe
A 200-km-radius body
The death of a dynamo

XPEEM, SEM, planetary cooling and dynamo genera)on simula)ons ~ 4200 MYrs ago
140

120
Field Intensity (T)
100

80

60

40

20

0
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6
Imilac Esquel
The history of an asteroid

10.000.000 40.000.000 200.000.000 300.000.000 years

~ 4200 MYrs ago

Thermally-driven
convecXon ComposiXonally-driven
convecXon
The magnetic Solar System

More than
4.000 MYears
many small bodies
were capable of
generaXng
magneXc elds

How did they
inuenced in the
formaXon of the
Solar System?
The history of an asteroid

10.000.000 40.000.000 200.000.000 300.000.000 years

Nanopaleomangne)sm:
The history of
measurements at the an asteroid
nanoscale for the
understanding of
planetary forma)on
and evolu)on.
The XPEEM team

James Bryson
Richard Harrison
Claire Nichols

BESSY
Florian Kronast