ANALOG COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

ECE-3001
EMBEDDED LAB

LAB TASK-1
Amplitude Modulation using Multisim

Name- Saurabh Priyadarshi

Reg No- 15BEC0631
Slot L53 + L54
Aim:
Verify the following
a. Verify the correctness of the circuit used for AM modulation using Multisim
b. Verify the correctness of the circuit used for envelope detection using Multisim

Equipment Required:
Function Generator
Oscilloscope
Power Supply
AM Voltage Source
Components Required:
BC107 transistor
Resistors
Capacitors
1BH62 diode

Circuit Diagram:
1. Amplitude Modulation Circuit
 2. Envelope Detector

Theory:
Amplitude Modulation:
Modulation is defined as the process by which some characteristics of a carrier
signal is varied in accordance with a modulating signal. The baseband signal is
referred to as the modulating signal and the output of the modulation process is
called as the modulation signal.
Amplitude modulation is defined as the process in which is the amplitude of the
carrier wave is varied about a means values linearly with the base band signal.
The envelope of the modulating wave has the same shape as the base band signal
provided the following two requirements are satisfied
1.The carrier frequency fc must be much greater than the highest frequency
components fm of the message signal m (t) i.e. fc >> fm
2. The modulation index must be less than unity. if the modulation index is greater
than unity, the carrier wave becomes over modulated.

Amplitude Demodulation
The process of detection provides a means of recovering the message Signal from
modulated signal. Demodulation is the reverse process of modulation. The
detector circuit is employed to separate the carrier wave and eliminate the side
bands. Since the envelope of an AM wave has the same shape as the message,
independent of the carrier frequency and phase, demodulation can be
accomplished by extracting envelope.
Procedure

A. For Amplitude Modulation Circuit

1. Use multisim software to construct the Amplitude Modulation circuit as shown
in the circuit diagram.
2. Connect two Function Generators at the input so that one of them will generate
the carrier signal and other will generate the message signal.
3. Enter the values for Vp-p and frequency in each of the function generators
4. Connect an oscilloscope to output (across the collector and ground) and obtain
the output waveform.
B. For Envelope Detector
1. Use multisim software to construct the circuit for envelope detector as shown
in the circuit diagram.
2. Use an AM generator voltage source to produce the input modulated signal.
3. Enter appropriate values for the carrier amplitude, carrier frequency and
modulation index in the AM voltage source.
4. Connect the oscilloscope across the capacitor and obtain the output waveform.

Observations
A. For Amplitude Modulation Circuit
Circuit:
Input Values
For the carrier signal generated by the function generator XPG2
Frequency -10kHz
Amplitude 8 Vp-p
For the message signal generated by the function generator XPG1
Frequency -1kHz
Amplitude 2 Vp-p

Output Waveform:
B. For Envelope Detector
Circuit:

Input values
Carrier Amplitude 5V
Carrier Frequency 19 kHz
Modulation Index 0.5
Output Waveform

The output waveform is a sine signal which is the required message signal

Result:
When the circuit of Amplitude modulator was simulated, an output
modulated waveform was obtained which consisted of the message signal
modulated with the carrier signal.
When the circuit of the envelope detector was simulated, the input was the
modulated signal and the output obtained was the original message signal
which was sine wave. This sine wave was the obtained output waveform.