2.

1 Interest Section
In general, the interest consists of 4 parts and place flowers in a row from the outer
edge of the central part Kalix flowers (petals), corolla (crown), andresium (male
sex), gynoecium (female sex) (Fahn, 1991).
Flowers generally have part - the next section (Moertolo, 2004):
a. Flower stalk (pedicellus), which is part of the flower stems are still unclear, there
is often leaves him - leaves the transition, which is part - the part that resembles a
leaf, green, as if - will the transition from ordinary leaves to flowers.
b. Basic interest (receptaculum), the end of the shaft is often wide, with segments -
segments are very short, so the leaves - the leaves that have metamorphosed into
parts - part of the flower that sits very close to one another, even biasanay last seen
sitting in a circle ,
c. Flowers (perianthium), which is part of the flower which is the embodiment of the
leaves are still visible form of sheets of bones - bones or veins - veins that are still
unclear. Usually the flowers can be differentiated into two sections each - each sit in
a circle. So part - part of the flower decoration is generally arranged in two sections,
among others: the petals (Kalix) and petals (corolla).
d. Tool - male genitals (androecium), this part is actually also a metamorphosis
leaves that produce pollen. Androecium consists of a number of stamens (stamen).
e. Female genitalia (gynaecium), which is part of the interest is usually called the
pistil (pistilum), also pistil consists of metamorphosed leaves are called fronds fruit
(carpella). In the interest can be found one or several pistils, and each pistil may
consist of several pieces of leaves.
See parts - parts that are in the interest rate can be differentiated in (Tjitrosoepomo,
1995):
1. Full Flower (flos completusl), consisting of: a circle of leaves - the leaves petal,
leaf circle - petals, circle yarn - stamens and a circle of leaves - the leaves of fruit.
2. Interest incomplete or imperfect flowers (flos incompletusl), if one part or one
flower decoration no genitals. If the flower has no flowers, then flowers are called
naked (nudus), Juka only have one of two kinds of genitals, called unisexual
(unisexualis).
Flowers that have tepal (perigonium), so if the lids and the crown of the same shape
and apparently, often considered as interest incomplete anyway.
Based tool - genitals contained in each - each flower, people distinguish (Hidayat,
1995):
a. Flowers hermaphrodite or androgynous (hermaproditus), which contained her
flower stamens (male genitals) and the pistil (female genitalia). This flower is often
called the perfect flower or flowers are also complete, because usually no obvious
mumpunyai flowers consisting of calyx and corolla, such as flowers eggplant
(Solanum melongena L.). indicated by symbols .
b. Flowers unisexual (unisexsualis), if the flowers are only one of the two kinds of
genitals. Based on her genitals that there can be distinguished in:
1. The male flower (flos musculus), if the flowers are only stamens without a pistil,
such as cornflower located at the top of the plant. The male flower is often shown to
us by symbols .
2. The female flowers (flos femineus), which is the interest that has no stamens,
pistils but only just, for example, corn flowers arranged in cob. Female flowers in the
show with the symbol: .
c. Unisexual flowers infertile or not, if there is no good flower stamens and pistil,
such as flowers edge (flower ribbon) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).
Research on the sex of flowers, suggesting that the stem of the plant, such as a
plant of corn, can show two kinds of flowers, the male flowers are arranged as a
grain compound at the end of the plant and female flowers are arranged as cobs
and contained in the armpit - armpit leaves. Related to the sex of flowers contained
in a plant, the distinguishing plant (Muzayyinah, 2008):
a. Monoecious (monoecus), ie plants that have male flowers and female flowers on
one individual (the stem of the plant).
b. Married two (dioecus), if the male flowers and female flowers are separate place,
meaning that there are individuals that support only male flowers, and there are
people who support female flowers only.
c. Poligam (polygamus), if at some plants are male flowers, female flowers, and
flowers pansy together - together.
Location of flowering in plants that are considered as poligom which is a type of
plant that is (Parwata, 2009):
1. Gynodioecus: if at any point there are only individual female flowers only, while
the other individual pansy flowers. This phenomenon is present in various types of
flowering plants lip (Labiatae).
2. Androdioecus: if on one individual there are only male flowers only, while others
are hermaphrodite flowers.
3. Monoeco - polygamus: if one individual there are flowers - flowers male, female,
and hermaphrodite together - together.
4. Gynomonoecus: if there is an individual female flowers and pansy flowers
together - together.
5. Trioecus or trioeco _ polygamus: if the male flowers, female flowers, and flowers
pansy each - each contained separately in different individuals.
Part - the part that is a metamorphosis leaves flowers (calyx, corolla, stamens,
leaves and fruit) can be encountered in a different order - different, namely
(Salisbury, 1992):
a. Scattered, dispersed, or according to a spiral (acyclis).
b. Rocky, circular (cyclis), if the leaves - the leaves petals, thread - stamens and
leaves - the leaves of fruit, each - each arranged in a circle.
c. Mixed (hemicyclis), ie if part of the interest, no sitting rocky, while others sat
scattered.
Symmetry is the nature of an object or body which is also commonly called for parts
- parts of a plant, if the object was by a field can be divided into two parts, such that
the two parts can mutually cover. The interface can be considered is a flat mirror
and the part that is a mirror image of the other part. The fields that can be made to
separate an object into two parts to one another is a reflection in a flat mirror,
called a plane of symmetry (Savitri, 2005).
Flower as a part of the plant body can also have these properties, and related to the
symmetry can be distinguished flower (Savitri, 2008):
a. Yidak asymmetrical or symmetrical, if the interest can not be made a plane of
symmetry in any way as well.
b. Single symmetric (monosimetris or zygomorphus), if the interest can only be
created only one plane of symmetry that divides into two parts of the interest,
which is usually indicated by setangkup.sifat emblem (arrows).
Depending on where it is a plane of symmetry, a single symmetric flowers can be
divided into 3 kinds (Sulasmi, 2004):
1. dipperful upright, if the plane of symmetry coincides with the median plane.
2. dipperful flat, if a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the median plane and
perpendicular also in the vertical direction.
3. dipperful oblique, if the field is cut symmetry median plane with an angle that is
smaller (larger) than 90 .
c. Cupped by two fields, can also be said to be symmetric dual flowers that can be
used as two symmetric parts according to two planes of symmetry which is
perpendicular to one another.
d. Many regular or symmetrical, ie if it can be made a lot of planes of symmetry to
split it into two parts flowers are symmetric. Flowers are irregular often indicated
with the symbol * (star).
Both dakuncup leaf and in flower buds, parts - parts that form the leaves - the
leaves are situated in such a way, until the plants in question can be used as
identification. Regarding the state of the leaves - the leaves in the bud it can be
divided into two things, namely (Kartasapoetra, 2004):
a. Folding leaves - leaves it in the bud (vernatio).
b. The layout leaves - leaves in the bud to leaf - leaf (aestivatio).
Circumstances parts - parts of the flower, the petals and crown kususnya, while still
in a state flower bud (Sumardi, 1993).
a. Folding (vernatio) leaves - leaves petals and crown.
In the state flower bud leaves - leaves petals and crown can vary - kinds:
1. Average (vernatio plana).
2. Folded into the mother's bones along the folded toward adaxial (vernatio
conduplicata or vernatio conduplicata).
3. Folded along the bones branches (vernatio plicata).
4. Folded irregular (vernatio corrugativa).
5. rolled into the shaft by longitude (vernatio involuta).
6. rolled out by the shaft longitude (vernatio revoluta).
7. rolled into one direction by the shaft longitude (vernatio convoluta).
8. rolled into the shaft according to latitude (vernatio circinatim involuta).
9. rolled out according to latitude (vernatio circinatim revoluta).
10. Folded down and into (vernatio Inclinata).
11. Folded according to latitude exit shaft (vernatio reclinata).
b. The layout leaves - leaves petals and crown against humanity (aestivatio).
Know this also there is a wide - range of composition, of which we often encounter
are:
1. Open (aperta).
2. berkatup (valvata).
3. berkatup with edges folded into (induplcata).
4. berkatup with folded edge to the outside (reduplicata).
5. Menyirap (imbricata), can be distinguished:
a. Twisted in one direction (convoluta or contorta).
If the leaf sheath or crown looks as if it was twisted, if according to the direction of
rotation to differentiate into:
1. twisted to the left (sinistrorsum contortus), if the direction of rotation according to
a clockwise direction, sehingg edge of the left which is always at the top right edge
cover each other.
2. twisted to the right (dextrorsum contortum), if the rotation direction opposite to
the clockwise direction, so that the edge kananlah are always at the top left edge of
the cover others.
b. Mengikti formula 2/5 (quincuncialis). If the direction of rotation was causing
layout leaves petal or leaf crown as sitting that follows Rimus leaves 2/5.
c. Kohlearis (cohlearis). Following sepiral lines as in the cochlea. If a flower with five
petals or five leaf canopy leaf: 1 leaf altogether outside, one leaf at all inside,
koheat arrangement can be differentiated into:
1. kohlearis visnal or adjacent kohlearis (cochlearis paratact), which leaves entirely
within the borders with leaves lang sung entirely outside.
2. kohlearis distal or kohlearis apart (cochlearis apotact), ie if the leaves are
completely outside lang not sung bordering on the same leaf once inside. But in
between there are leaves whose edges one outside and one inside.
3. kohlearis down (adaxial), if the outermost leaves located close to the principal
axis.
4. kohlearis up (abaxial), if that is closest to the principal axis deepest, being the
outermost leaves away from the axis point.
2.2 Diagram Flower
Diagram of interest is an image projected on a plane from all parts of the flowers
are cut crosswise, so in the diagram illustrated cross-section - the cross section of
leaves - the leaves petals, forming a flower, stamens, and pistils, as well as parts of
other flowers if it still exists, in addition to the four the principal part. It should be
noted, that as a rule of leaves - leaves flower petals and editorial drawn central part
of the cross-section - the middle, being of benag sari depicted sectional anthers and
pistil the cross-section of his will. Of further interest diagrams can also be shown the
number of each - each part of the interest, and how to layout and designations from
each other (Hidayat, 1995).
Part - part flower sitting on the basis of interest, each - each organized into one or
more circles. In the diagram of flowers, each - each part must be described in such
a way, so it is unlikely the two parts of different flowers depicted with the same
symbol. Given that the diagram drawn on cross sections - cross sections each - each
part of the flower, the possibility of drawing similarities just about leaves - leaves
flower petal and leaf canopy, while the stamens and puyiknya it will not happen
mistakes. If you make a diagram of flowers, should pay attention to - the following
(Moertolo, 2004):
1. Location of flowering in plants, divided into two kinds of flowers location:
a. Flowers at the end of the trunk or branches (flos terminalis).
b. Interest contained in the leaf armpit (axillary flos).
2. Section - flower parts to be made earlier diagram composed of in some circles.
In drawing parts - parts of the flower itself which must be considered is:
a. How many of each - each part of the interest.
b. How to structure against neighbor
c. How the structure of the piece - part of another flower.
d. How layout section - part of the interest on the median plane.
Part - another part of the flower which can often be traits that are typical for certain
classifications of plants and naturally also otherwise indicated in the diagram of
interest, among others, (Kartasapoetro, 2004):
a. Additional petals (epicalyx), commonly found in plants Malvaceae tribe.
b. Crown (canopy) additional (corona), that of a tribe Asclepiadaceae.
In preparing the flower diagram we can opinionated on (Salisbury, 1992):
1. Only describing part - according to what their share of interest.
2. Make a diagram flowers that not only contains part - the part that really - really
exists, but it also illustrates part - the part that is not there (reduced).
Thus we can distinguish two kinds of diagrams of interest are:
a. Diagram empirical interest, namely flower diagram which only includes parts -
parts that really interest - right there, so it describes the state of the real interest,
therefore, is also named diagram diagram it.
b. Diagram of theoretical, ie interest besides diagram describing part - the actual
flower parts, also includes part - the part that is no longer there.
2.3 Formula Leaves
The flower arrangement can also be expressed by a formula, which consists of the
emblem - a symbol, the letters - the letters and numbers - numbers, all of which can
provide a picture of the various properties of flowers and their parts - parts (Savitri,
2005).
Emblem - the emblem used in the formula tells flower flowers nature relating to
symmetry or gender, the letter - the letter stands for part name - flower parts.
Besides, there are the emblem - the symbol of another showing the relationship part
- part of the flower to one another (Tjitrosoepomo, 1995).
By an interest formula can only be shown things - things about the four main
sections of interest as follows (Sumardi, 1993):
1. The petals, which is expressed with the letter K stands for the word Kalix (calyx).
2. Heading or crown, which is indicated by the letter C stands for the word corolla.
3. Yarn - stamens, represented by the letters A, stands androecium.
4. pistil, which is indicated by the letter G, stands gynaecium said.
If the petals and the same crown, shape or color, we then use another letter to
declare that section, the letter P, abbreviations perigonium (Savitri, 2008).
Behind the letter - the letter was then wager figures - figures that show the number
of each - each section earlier, and between the two parts of flowers are depicted
with letters and numbers put it in a coma. If flower petals for example, has five
leaves, 5 petals, 10 stamens and pistils that occurred from Daum piece of fruit, then
the formula is (Fahn, 1991):
K5, C5, A10, G1. (Peacock flower)
In front of the formula should be given a sign indicating the symmetry of flowers.
Usually only given two kinds of signs symmetry, namely: * for the lots and
symmetrical flower to flower pins symmetrical one. So this formula peacock
flower, which is zigomorf, the formula becomes (Fahn, 1991):
K5, A5, A10, G1
Lilia flower being the church that is aktinimorf formula becomes (Parwata, 2009):
* P6, A6, G3
In addition to showing the emblem of symmetry in the interest formula can also add
symbols that indicate the sex of flowers. For pansy flowers in wearing the emblem:
, to wear the emblem of male flowers: , and to wear the symbol of female
flowers: . Emblem sexes emblem placed in front symmetry. If the two examples
mentioned above formula equipped with the symbol of sex, then the formula
becomes (Sumardi, 1993):
K5, A5, A10, G1 and * P6, A6, G3
A portion of interest could exist in more than one circle. Flowers - flowers are used
the example above, for example each - each have parts - parts that are arranged in
a circle 5. Peacock flower for example having two circles of stamens, with 5 stamens
of each circle, being lilia flower church has two circular tent leaves flowers and two
circles of stamens, each circle berbilang 3. In such a case behind letters indicating
sections arranged in more than one circle had to be in place two times a number
that indicates the number of parts in each circle with a + sign between two
numbers earlier. Example (Hidayat, 1995):
K5, C5, A5 + 5, G1 and * P3 + 3, A3 + 3, G3