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Caused by syphilis
Loss of sensation in the skin of parts of the trunk and lower limbs and loss of awareness that the
urinary bladder is full
Loss of appreciation of posture or passive movements of the limbs, especially the legs;
Loss of deep pain sensation, such as when the muscles are forcibly compressed or when the
tendo achillis is compressed between the finger and thumb
Loss of pain sensation in the skin in certain areas of the body, such as the side of the nose or the
medial border of the forearm, the thoracic wall between the nipples, or the lateral border of the leg
Ataxia of the lower limbs as the result of loss of proprioceptive sensibility (the unsteadiness in gait
is compensated to some extent by vision; however, in the dark or if the eyes are closed, the ataxia
becomes worse and the person may fall)
Hypotonia as the result of loss of proprioceptive information that arises from the muscles and joints
Loss of tendon reflexes, owing to degeneration of the afferent fiber component of the reflex arc
(the knee and ankle tendon jerks are lost early in the disease).