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ABSTRACT
Ohkawa, K., Kano, A., Kanematsu, K. and Korenaga, M., 1991. Effects o f air temperature and time
on rosette formation in seedlings ofEustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. Scientia Hortic., 48:17 !-
176.
INTRODUCTION
All experiments were conducted using the cultivar 'Fukushihai" in 1988 and
1989 under natural day length ( m a x i m u m and m i n i m u m day length were
15.5 and I 1.0 h d a y - i ) conditions. E x p e r i m e n t I h a d 128 plants, a n d Exper-
iments II, III a n d IV had 32 plants, all with four replications. Each experi-
mental plot was fertilized with 25 g o f coated long life fertilizer ( 1 4 N - 1 2 P -
14K) and irrigated by mist for 8 weeks after sowing and by h a n d afterwards.
Seven weeks after sowing, the seedlings were transplanted, after which shoot
elongation was checked every week. Plants h a v i n g internodes longer than 3
m m were j u d g e d as 'bolted plants'.
The data were recorded for 18 or 19 weeks after sowing. Unless otherwise
noted, all experiments were carried out inside natural-light phytotrons where
the m a x i m u m and m i n i m u m day lengths were 15.5 a n d I 1.0 h d a y - ~.
RESULTS
I00 100
8O ~ 80
.9
60 -~ 6o
o'l
c
20 2O
0 0 ~
0 8 9 10 Ii 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 08 9 io i 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
100
B
80 A:Sown on June 9
6
B:So%~ on October 17
60 C:Sown cn Vebruary 4
c
40 9---- 2 3 / 1 8 o c
m 28/23C
20 o 33/28Oc
0
0 8 9 i0 Ii 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Weeks after sowing
Fig. 1. Percent o f bolting plants as affected by different temperatures.
174 K. OHKAWA ET AL.
100
80
dO
60
40
r-~
O
m 20
0 v
0 2 4 6 8 conti-
~UOUS
Weeks after sowing
100
80
"~ 4o
~ 2o
0 -
0 3 5 7 9 ii 14
do 80
60
j_}
40
O
2O
0 I i I ~ I I
0 3 5 7 9 II
T i m e in h i g h t~nDerature (days)
25'C zL 30oc ~ 35oc
Fig. 4. Effects of different temperatures and their durations on bolting. Standard error bars
smaller than the symbols are not shown.
DISCUSSION
immediately after sowing and continued such growth for 6 months, regardless
ofthe day length (Shillo and Zamski, 1985).
High temperature induced rosette growth until seedlings produced an av-
erage of two leaf pairs (two nodes). After this stage, the reaction of seedlings
to high temperature depends on their temperature histories. In other words,
high temperature enhances rosette leaf formation of seedlings already in the
rosette state, whereas it stimulates shoot elongation of plants which have never
been exposed to the high temperature and, therefore, are not in the rosette
state.
Seedlings must be grown under conditions with an average temperature of
about 25 C and with a minimum temperature of 20C or lower from the time
of sowing until two true leaf pairs expand to prevent the rosette induction.
The first 2 weeks after seed hydration are critical, and temperature control
during this period is important.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study was supported by a Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research from
the Japanese Ministry of Education (No. 01560030).
REFERENCES
l-lalevy, A.H. and Kofranek, A.M., 1984. Evalua6on o f Lisianthus as a new flower crop.
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Ohkawa, K., 1988. Effect of temperature and light intensity on the rosette formation uf
E. grand(florum (Raf.) Shinn. Abstract of paper presented at the autumn meetitlg o f J . Jpn.
Soc. Holt. Sci., pp. 578-579 (in Japanese).
Roh, M.S., 1988. Growing alternatives. Suitable as a potted plant, this new Eustoma variety is
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Shillo, R. and Zamski, E., 1985. Limonium sinuatum. In: A.H. Halevy (Editor), H a n d b o o k of
Flowering 3. C R C Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 292-301.
Shinner, L.H., 1957. Synopsis of the genus Eustoma. The Southwestern Naturalist, 2: 38- 43.
Wood, C.E. and Weaver, R.E., 1982. The genera of gentianaceae in the Southeastern United
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