1(73)2017 \\ THE WORLD OF CONSTANT CONNECTION

m
as xSirad mexuTe stiqiasac uwodebdnen da miiCnev
dnen, rom kacobriobisaTvis iseTive sasicocxlo
mniSvneloba hqonda, rogorc haers, wyals, miwas
da cecxls. monetebi saukeTeso mematianeebi arian me
matian eTa Soris. uZvelesi drois draqmebi, staterebi
Tu dukatebi saocari sicxadiT hyvebian ukve legen
dadqceul istoriul ambebs qveynebze, mefeebze, omeb
sa da mSvidobaze. moneta istorias itevs da saocari
sizustiT asaxavs qveynis politikur, ekonomikur Tu
kulturul cxovrebas.

dasaxeleba: kolxuri TeTri

masala: vercxli
moWris TariRi: Zv.w. V saukune
gamosaxulia: mwoliare hermafroditi lomi
(aversi), muxlmodrekili xarisTaviani adamianis
figura CaWdeul sworkuTxedSi (reversi)
mimoqcevis areali: ZiriTadad dasavleT
saqarTvelos teritoria.

NAME: COLCHIS TETRI

MATERIAL: SILVER
MINTED: 5TH CENTURY BC
FEATURED IMAGES: A RECLINING HERMAPHRODITE LION (OBVERSE),
A RECTANGULAR FRAME ENCLOSING A KNEELING HUMAN BEING WITH
THE HEAD OF AN OX (REVERSE)
CIRCULATION AREA: MAINLY WESTERN GEORGIA

QUINTESSENCE
O
ccasionally referred to as the quintessence, they
were considered just as important to mankind as air,
water, fire and earth. Coins are the crme de la crme
of chroniclers. Ancient drachmas, staters or ducats bring to
life stories of fabled historical countries and kings in times of
war and peace. Coins are as big as history in that they mirror
every detail of a given countrys political, economic or social
life. The Simon Janashia Museum, under the umbrella of the
Georgian National Museum, exhibits an invaluable numismatic
collection of about 3,500 coins, reflecting the centuries-old
history of currency circulation in Georgia from the 6th century
BC to 1834.

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saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis simon janaSias saxe

lobis saqarTvelos muzeumSi numizmatikis saganZuris
eqspozicia, sadac daaxloebiT 3500 monetaa warmodge
nili, saqarTveloSi fulis mimoqcevis mravalsauku
novan istorias asaxavs _ Zveli welTaRricxvis VI sau
kunidan 1834 wlamde.

eqspozicia premonetaruli nivTebiT iwyeba. liTonis

fulis _ monetis gamogonebamde kacobriobam grZe
li gza ganvlo. sameurneo saqmianobam da Sromis pro
duqtebis gacvla-gamocvlam saqonlis Rirebulebis
damwesebeli sazomi erTeulebis dadgena ganapiroba.
saqarTveloSic iyo aseTi pirvelyofili fuli: sxva
dasxva wonis da zomis brinjaos masiur
i rgolebi, rom

stateri. aleqsandre makedoneli

(Zv. w. 336-323 ww.). saberZneTi. oqro
STATER. ALEXANDER THE GREAT (336-323 BC).
GREECE. GOLD

This exhibition starts with pre-monetary objects of value.

Humankind had come a long way before inventing metal
coins to use as money. Economic activities and barter
exchange of commodities spurred the emergence of objects
of value accepted as payment for goods. Such prehistoric
money was in circulation in Georgia as well, including
massive bronze rings differing in weight and size
aleqsandre
makedonelis
dating from the turn of the 1st century BC, also cowry
stateris shell money from the Indian Ocean and different
adgilobrivi implements.
minabaZi.
The pre-monetary objects showcased in the
Zv. w. I _ ax. w. I ss.
oqro museum include rare examples of Colchis tetri
coins, local imitations of staters coined in the time
LOCAL IMITATION OF
ALEXANDER THE GREATS
of Alexander the Great and Lysimachus, Iberian
STATER. 1ST CENTURY BC versions of the denarii minted by Augustus, the
1ST CENTURY AD. first Roman Emperor, and ancient Roman aurei, rare
GOLD drachmas of Georgian-Sassanid origin, Emir Jaffars
drachmas coined in Tbilisi, Georgian silver sapase
coins bearing inscriptions of the Bagrationis Byzantine

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1(73)2017 \\ THE WORLD OF CONSTANT CONNECTION

lebic Zv. w.-iT I I -I aTaswleuliT TariRdeba; kauri _

indoeTis okeanis moluski-niJara da Sromis sxvadas
xva iaraRebi.

gamofenaze warmodgenili premonetaruli nivTebi,

kolxuri TeTris iSviaTi nimuSebi, aleqsandre makedo
nelisa da lisimaqes staterebis adgilobrivi minabaZe
bi, romis pirveli imperatoris oqtaviane avgustusis
dinarebisa da romauli saimperatoro aureusebis ibe
riuli imitaciebi, qarTul-sasanuri iSviaTi dramebi,
jafarianebis Tbilisuri dirhemebi, pirveli bagrati
onebis bizantiurtituliani vercxlis qarTuli safa
seebi, daviT aRmaSeneblis vercxlis moneta, rusudan
dedoflis unikaluri drama Tu sxva nimuSebi mowmobs

draqma. aristarqe kolxi. Zv. w. 52/51 ww.

vercxli. (grafika)
DRACHMA. ARISTARCHUS THE COLCHIAN. 52/51 BC.
SILVER. (DRAWING)

imas, rom saukuneebis manZilze saqarTvelo uZvelesi

samoneto civilizaciis erT-erT keras warmodgenda.

fuli, rogorc saxelmwifos ZiriTadi atributi da

informaciis pirvelxarisxovani wyaro, erTgvari ba
rometria, romelic Tavis gamosaxulebiTa da warwe
riT qveynis politikur viTarebas Tu sagareo ori
entacias zustad asaxavs. msoflioSi Znelad moiZeb
neba qveyana, romelsac fulis moWris 27 saukunovani

titles, David the Builders silver coins, Queen Rusudans

unique silver drachmas and many other spellbinding
monetary artifacts. These exhibits bear witness to Georgia as
an advanced ancient monetary center.

Money, as a key attribute of a state, and an accurate source

of information, is a barometer of sorts, making perfect use
of its images and inscriptions to reflect a countrys political
state of affairs or foreign policy. Not many countries across
the globe can pride themselves on minting traditions
originating 27 centuries ago. Georgia is one of the oldest
monetary hubs. The first coins were minted on the Greek stateri. pantikapeoni.
island of Aegina, in the 7th century BC. For comparison, Zv. w. 325-300 ww. bosfori. oqro
minting in Colchis (Georgia) started in the 6th century BC, STATER. PANTICAPAEUM.
with the earliest examples discovered in the territory of 325-300 BC. BOSPHORUS. GOLD
historical Colchis.

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tradicia aqvs. saqarTvelo rom samoneto civiliza

ciis erT-erTi uZvelesi keraa, amas mowmobs is faqti,
rom pirveli fuli saberZneTSi, kunZul eginaze Zveli
welTaRricxvis VI I saukuneSi moiWra. kolxeTSi mone
tebis moWra Zveli welTaRricxvis VI saukuniT TariR
deba, pirveli nimuSebi ki istoriuli kolxeTis teri
toriazea aRmoCenili.

ucnobia, ra erqva pirvel qarTul fuls _ kolxuri

TeTri mas mecnier ebma uwodes. swored es fuli mimo
iqceoda kolxeTis samefos teritoriaze rogorc bar
Si _ zRvispireTSi, Sida kolxeTSi, aseve mTaSi _ raWaSi,
svaneTSi da Zveli welTaRricxvis VI-IV saukuneebamde
iyo mimoqcevaSi, _ gviambobs saqarTvelos erovnuli
muzeumis ufrosi mecnier-TanamSromeli, numizmati
maia patariZe.

gamofenaze warmodgenilia dariki _ aqemenianTa iranis

uZvelesi oqros moneta, romelic Zveli welTaRric
xvis VI-IV saukuneebSia moWrili da saqarTvelos teri
toriazea aRmoCenili. ucxouri monetebidan gansakuT
rebiT aRsaniSnavia bosforis samefos _ pantikapeonis

draqma.
erismTavari gurgeni.
589-591 ww. vercxli
DRACHMA.
ERISMTAVARI GURGEN.
589-591. SILVER

The name of the first Georgian currency is unknown Colchis

tetri (white in the Georgian language) is just a conventional
term coined by scholars. This money was in circulation in
the Kingdom of Colchis, both in the lowlands (Black Sea
coast and inner Colchis) and mountainous areas (Racha
and Svaneti), in the 6th-4th centuries BC, numismatist Maya
draqma. erismTavari
stefanoz I (591-603 ww.). Pataridze, a senior fellow at the National Museum of Georgia,
vercxli reveals to us.
DRACHMA. ERISMTAVARI
The Achaemenid Persian coin daric, found on the
STEPHANOS I (591-603). SILVER
territory of Georgia and displayed at the exhibition,
was minted in the 6th-4th centuries BC. Especially
interesting among the foreign coins are examples
of the Panticapaeum (the Kingdom of the
Cimmerian Bosporus) golden coin discovered in
Georgia, mostly in Svaneti, which means that this
ancient Greek kingdom maintained close trade,
economic and cultural relations with Colchis.

Legend has it that Svaneti was nothing but a

shelter and treasure depository used by Georgian
kings and dignitaries in times of war and unrest. Yet

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oqros monetac, romelic saqarTveloSia aRmoCenili, maT

Soris sakmaod didi raodenobiT svaneTSi. es ki imas niS
navs, rom bosforis samefos mWidro savaWro-ekonomikuri
da kulturuli urTierToba hqonda kolxeTTan.

miTi, TiTqos svaneTi mxolod omebisa da areulobis dros

iyo mefeTa da didebulTa TavSesafari da ganZTsacavi,
imiT qarwyldeba, rom jer marto aleqsandre makedone
lis staterebis umetesoba (Zveli welTaRricxvis IV sau
kuniT daTariRebuli 378 stateridan 367) swored svaneT
Sia aRmoCenili. es ki imas miuT
iTebs, rom svaneTSi gadis
mniSvnelovani magistrali, romliTac Zveli kolxeTi
gare samyaros ukavSirdeboda.

drama. daviT III kurapalati

(1001 w). saqarTvelo. vercxli.
(grafika). daculia berlinis
bode-muzeumSi
DRAMA. DAVIT III KOUROPALATES.
(1001). GEORGIA. SILVER. (DRAWING).
KEPT AT THE BODE-MUSEUM, BERLIN

daviT IV aRmaSenebeli. 1089-1125 ww.

saqarTvelo. spilenZi. (grafika).
daculia britaneTis muzeumSi
DAVID IV THE BUILDER. 1089-1125. GEORGIA. COPPER.
(DRAWING). KEPT IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM

this myth is debunked by the fact that most stater coins (367 of the 378) from
the time of Alexander the Great (dated 4th century BC) have been discovered
in Svaneti, which proves that an important route passing through Svaneti in
ancient times connected Colchis to the rest of world.

Compared to other artifacts, a coin is more precise in reflecting the history of the
country of its origin. Accordingly, it is an ultimate bullet-proof legal document
immune to subjective reasoning. Coin inscriptions or images are of national
importance in that they depict a reliable picture of a countrys political state,
as evidenced, for example, by the coin of Aristarchus, dated 52-51 BC. Some
written sources suggest that he was the king of Colchis. The discovery of this
coin, however, proves that he was only a regent. The Greek inscription on this
coin (Aristarchus the Governor of Colchis) is also important because it mentions
the term Colchis for the first time, says Maya Pataridze.

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 THE WORLD OF CONSTANT CONNECTION // 1(73)2017

moneta, sxva artefaqtebisgan gansxvavebiT, ufro

zustad asaxavs qveynis istorias, radgan mas saxel
mwifo Wris. Sesabamisad, is umaRlesi iuridiuli do
kumentia da pirovnebis subieqturi mosazrebebisgan
Tavisufalia. monetis warwera da gamosaxuleba sa
xelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobisaa da qveynis politi
kur mdgomareobas realurad asaxavs. amis magaliTia
aristarqes moneta, romelic Zveli welTaRricxvis
52-51 wlebiT TariRdeba. werilobiTi wyaroebis mi
xedviT, arsebobda mosazreba, rom igi kolxeTis mefe
iyo. swored monetis aRmoCenis Semdeg dadginda, rom
mas kolxeTi droeb iT gamgeblobaSi gadasces. mone
taze Sesrulebuli berZnuli warwera _ aristarqe _
mmarTveli kolxeTisa mniSvnelovania imiTac, rom aq
pirvelad gvxvdeba saxelwodeba _ kolxeTi, _ ambobs
maia patariZe.

misive TqmiT, Zvel monetebze datanili informa

giorgi III (1156-1184 ww.)
1174 w. saqarTvelo. spilenZi
GIORGI III (1156-1184) 1174. GEORGIA. COPPER
cia zustad gadmogvcems ara marto imas, Tu vin aris
qveynis mmarTveli, aramed rogor gamoiyureba igi.
xSirad ki moneta ZlierTa ama qveynisa sulier

According to Pataridze, ancient coins offer information

about both the identity of a countrys ruler and his or her
appearance, sometimes even conveying the spiritual state of
the great and mighty. Inscriptions are especially interesting
because coins usually circulated both at home and abroad,
which means that they exported information. For example,
the Arabic inscription on some of the coins from the time of
Queen Tamar and King George III (Tamar the Worshipper of
the Messiah and George the King of Kings and the Sword
of the Messiah) tell us that they were intended for export
to the Near Eastern market, to deliver a message about
Christians being in charge in Georgia.

Tamari (1184-1210 ww.). 1187 w.

saqarTvelo. spilenZi
TAMAR (1184-1210). 1187. GEORGIA. COPPER

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1(73)2017 \\ THE WORLD OF CONSTANT CONNECTION

mdgomareobasac ki asaxavs... gansakuTrebiT saintere

soa warwerebi, radgan moneta mxolod qveynis SigniT
ki ara, mis gareTac brunavs. Sesabamisad, monetas masze
datanili informacia sxva qveynebSi gaaqvs. magali
Tad, rodesac Tamaris da giorgi mesamis monetebs
`mefe mefeTa giorgi, mesiis maxvili~ da `Tamar me
siis Tayvanismcemeli aweria arabulad, es imas mi
uTiTebs, rom fuli aRmosavleTis bazarze unda
gasuliyo. iq unda gaegoT, rom saqarTveloSi qvey
nis saTaveSi qristianobis damcvelebi iyvnen.

gamofenaze warmodgenili monetebi saocari si

zustiT gviyvebian VI saukuneSi bizantiisa da sa
sanianebis iranis brZolis istorias saqarTveloze
gavlenis mosapoveblad. sasanuri samoneto tipis mi giorgi IV laSa
xedviT moWril draqmebs qarTuli warwerebi da jvris (1210-1223 ww.).
gamosaxuleba amSvenebs. sasanianTa fulis erT mxares 1210 w. saqarTvelo.
Sahis biustia gamosaxuli, meore mxares _ cecxli sa spilenZi
kurTxevelze, romelsac mcvelebi icaven. V saukuni GIORGI IV LASHA
dan monetaze Cndeba warwera _ g. n (erismTavari gur (1210-1223). 1210.
GEORGIA. COPPER
geni). TandaTan ki, TiTqmis SeumCnevlad, monetis erT-
erT kuTxeSi ikveTeba jvari, rac imis mauwyebelia, rom
qarTvelebi gaTavisuflebisaTvis brZolas iwyeben.
qarTul-sasanuri monetebi, adrefeodaluri xanis sa
qarTvelos istoriis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT, metad

Other coins from the exhibition paint an amazingly clear

picture of the turf war between Byzantium and Sassanid
Persia seeking to gain a foothold in Georgia. The drachmas
patterned after Sassanid coins feature Georgian inscriptions
and images of the cross. The obverse of Sassanid coins
depicts the Shahs bust and the reverse - a sentinelled altar
with a fire in the middle. In the 5th century AD, the initials
G. N. (standing for Prince Gurgen) appear on the coin.
drama. rusudani
(1223-1245 ww.).
Gradually, almost subliminally, an image of the cross
1230 w. saqarTvelo. starts to appear in one of the corners of the coin,
vercxli which is indicative of the Georgians readiness to
DRAMA. RUSUDAN fight for the countrys liberation. In terms of the
(1223-1245). study of Georgias history in the Early Middle Ages,
1230. GEORGIA. Sassanid-Georgian coins form an important group
SILVER that cannot be fully appreciated without fathoming
the political context of that time.

In the 6th century, the name of Erismtavari (Prince)

Stepanoz was inscribed only in the Asmotavruli
Georgian alphabet and the fire on the altar was replaced

www.magticom.ge 39

mniSvnelovani numizmatikuri jgufia, romlis genezi
sis gasaazreblad politikuri fonis gaTvaliswineba
aucilebelia.
VI saukuneSi ukve erismTavari stefanozi mone
taze mTlianad asomTavrulad awers Tavis sa
xels da sakurTxevelze jvars svams. swored
mis saxelTan aris dakavSirebuli mcxeTis
jvris aSeneba, romelic garkveulwilad ga
Tavisuflebuli qarTlis simboloa. moneta
qveynis gareTac gadis da yvelas agebinebs,
rom qarTlSi qristianuli aRmsareblobaa da
sasanianebi gandevnilebi arian.
VII saukuneSi saqarTvelos arabebi ipyroben da ami
tom samoneto ganZebSi bizantiur monetebTan erTad
TandaTanobiT arabuli dirhemebi Semodis.
saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis unikalur koleq
ciaSi grafikuli formiT aris warmodgenili daviT
TeTri. samcxis aTabagi
yvaryvare II (1451-1498 ww.).
saqarTvelo. vercxli
TETRI. QVARKVARE II THE ATABAG OF
SAMTSKHE (1451-1498).
GEORGIA. SILVER
40 www.magticom.ge
THE WORLD OF CONSTANT CONNECTION // 1(73)2017
daviT VI narini
(1245-1293 ww.).
1245 w. dmanisi.
saqarTvelo.
spilenZi
DAVIT VI NARIN
(1245-1293). 1245.
DMANISI. GEORGIA.
COPPER
with a cross. The construction of the Jvari (Cross) Monastery,
a symbol of Georgias liberation, is related to the name of
this ruler. The new coins were exported abroad to deliver
a message that Kartli (Eastern Georgia) had embraced
Christianity and the Sassanid rulers had been ousted.
In the 7th century, Georgia was conquered by the Arabs, so
the Arabic dirham, along with Byzantine coins, was added to
the national treasury.
The unique collection of the National Museum of Georgia also
showcases a graphic reproduction of Davit Kurapalates coin,
with original specimens preserved in different museums in
Germany, Saint Petersburg, Sweden and Estonia, where
they were discovered, rather than being acquired by private
collectors. All this means that Georgian coins circulated
internationally.
Another graphic reproduction depicts a unique copper coin
minted by David the Builder and displayed in the British
Museum. The exhibition also displays unique pieces from
the time of Lasha-Giorgi, coins minted by King Demere and
Queen Tamar, ducats imported from Europe, tallers, pesos,
the Vejini collection of coins, specimens minted by Jalal
ad-Din and Vamekh Dadiani, and the so-called secessionist
coins circulated by the Jakeli family and marking Georgias
1(73)2017 \\ THE WORLD OF CONSTANT CONNECTION

kurapalatis moneta, romlis nimuSebic germaniis,

sankt-peterburgis, SvedeTis da estoneTis muzeumeb
Sia daculi. am monetebis istoria imiTac aris sainte
reso, rom isini am qveynebSi kerZo koleqciebidan ki ar
moxvda, aramed maTive teritoriebzea aRmoCenili. es
ki imas niSnavs, rom im dros qarTuli moneta saerTaSo
riso mimoqcevaSi iyo.

aseve grafikulad aris warmodgenili daviT aRmaSe

neblis spilenZis unikumi, romelic msoflioSi er
TaderTia da is britaneTis muzeumis sakuTrebaa. eq
spoziciaze SegiZliaT ixiloT laSa-giorgis unikumi,
demetre mefis, Tamaris, laSa-giorgis monetebi, evro
pidan Semosuli dukatebi, taleri, peso, vejinis ganZi,
jalaledinis mier moWrili moneta, vamex dadianisa
da jayelebis moWrili e. w. separatistuli monetebi,
romlebic daSlili da daqucmacebuli saqarTvelos
simbolo iyo. unikaluria vaxtang meeqvsis droindeli
moneta, romelzec bibliuri scenaa gamosaxuli _ ial
qniani navi, rogorc noes kidobani da mtredi, romel
sac zeTisxilis rto uWiravs.

saintereso ambavs gviyveba erekles droindeli mo

netebic. 1796 wlis moneta, romelzec ruseTis ger
bi _ orTaviani arwivi iyo gamosaxuli, erekle mefem

naxevari bisti. vaxtang VI

(1703-1709 ww.). 1708/09 w. Tbilisi.
saqarTvelo. spilenZi
HALF-BISTI. VAKHTANG VI (1703-1709).
1708/09. TBILISI. GEORGIA. COPPER

split into separate kingdoms and principalities. The unique

coin from the time of Vakhtang VI portrays a biblical scene,
a sailboat symbolizing Noahs ark and a dove with an olive
twig.

Equally interesting are the stories told by coins from the

time of King Erekle II. The 1796 coin, with a double-headed
naxevari bisti. eagle (the coat of arms of Russia), was disfigured by the
erekle II king taking off one of the heads, as though taking revenge
(1762-1798 ww.). on the Russians who left him high and dry in 1795 to face
1796 w. Tbilisi. the overwhelming forces of Agha Mohammad Khan. The
saqarTvelo. Tbilisi Mint manufactured its last coin in 1833, followed
spilenZi
by Russia gaining full control of the country and
HALF-BISTI. EREKLE II abolishing this facility.
(1762-1798). 1796.
TBILISI. GEORGIA. Besides Tbilisi, coins in Georgia were minted in
COPPER
Akhaltsikhe, Karjini, Alagiri, Zagemi, Kutaisi and
Artanuji (modern-day Turkey), using special
stamping presses. The National Museum of
Georgia displays two presses and two money
sacks with refined ornamentation, likely owned by
noblewomen, discovered in Gremi.

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daasaxiCra da erT arwivs Tavi waacala. amiT man TiT

qos Suri iZia ruseTze, romelmac 1795 wels aRa-mah
mad-xanis pirispir marto datova. ukanaskneli fuli
Tbilisis zarafxanaSi 1833 wels moiWra. amis Semdeg
ruseTma sabolood qveyanac xelSi Caigdo da zarafxa
nac gaauqma.

saqarTveloSi fuli, Tbilisis garda, axalcixis, yar

jinis, alagiris, zagemis, quTaisis da artanujis (dRe
vandeli TurqeTi) zarafxanebSi, specialuri siqebis
saSualebiT iWreboda. muzeumSi daculia gremis teri
toriaze napovni ori siqa da ori natifad moqarguli
fulis qisa, romlebic, savaraudod, didgvarovan qal
batonebs ekuTvnodaT.

saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis numizmatikur fon

debSi sul 100 000-mde moneta inaxeba. qarTuli numiz
matikuri Zeglebis Taviseburebebsa da xasiaTs gana taleri.
pirobebda saqarTvelos mdebareoba aRmosavleTisa erchercogi maqsimiliane
da dasavleTis gzajvaredinze. mniSvnelovani faqtia, (1612-1618 ww.) 1617 w. hale.
rom eqspoziciaze warmodgenili monetebis umetesoba tirolis sagrafo. vercxli
saqarTveloSia aRmoCenili, rac gamofenas TavisTavad THALER.
unikalurs xdis. ARCHDUKE MAXIMILIAN (1612-1618)
1617. HALLE. COUNTY OF TIROL. SILVER

ori abazi.
qarTuli TeTri
1833 w. Tbilisi.
vercxli
The numismatic collection of the National Museum of
TWO ABASSI.
Georgia boasts some 100,000 coins. The characteristics of
GEORGIAN TETRI 1833.
TBILISI. SILVER Georgian numismatic artefacts are defined by Georgias
location on the crossroads between the East and West.
Importantly, most of the showcased coins were found in
Georgia, which makes this exhibition unique in its own right.

ain randi ambobda: fuli ver moutans bednierebas mas,
vinc ar icis, ra unda. igi ver SegiqmniT RirebulebaTa
kodeqss, Tu Tqven ar iciT, ra aris Rirebuli Tqven
Tvis. ocdaSvidsaukunovani istoria mowmobs, rom sa
qarTveloSi fulis fasi yovelTvis icodnen.
SurTxia beroSvili
Ayn Rand once said, Money will not buy happiness for the
man who has no concept of what he wants; money will not
give him a code of values, if hes evaded the knowledge
of what to value. The history of Georgian numismatics,
spanning 27 centuries, clearly shows that the Georgian
always knew the value of money.
SHURTKHIA BEROSHVILI

fotoebze asaxuli eqsponatebi daculia ssip `saqarTvelos erovnul muzeumSi~ da

gamoyenebul fotoebze saavtoro qonebrivi uflebebi ekuTvnis `saqarTvelos erovnul muzeums~

THE EXHIBITS IN THE PICTURES ARE PRESERVED AT THE GEORGIAN NATIONAL MUSEUM LEPL,
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