Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
FOR
FORMWORK OF PILE CAP
1. Introduction __________________________________________________________________ 1
1.1 Resources ______________________________________________________________________ 3
1.1.1 Workman plan _______________________________________________________________________ 3
1.1.2 List of equipment_____________________________________________________________________ 3
1.2 Site layout______________________________________________________________________ 3
1.3 Pile cap formwork data _________________________________________________________ 3
2. Construction Program ________________________________________________________ 3
2.1 Description _____________________________________________________________________ 3
3. Formwork Structure__________________________________________________________ 4
3.1 Component of formwork ________________________________________________________ 4
3.2 Bottom plate____________________________________________________________________ 4
3.2.1 Type 1 _______________________________________________________________________________ 4
3.2.2 Type 2 _______________________________________________________________________________ 4
3.2.3 Type 3 _______________________________________________________________________________ 5
3.3 Side plate_______________________________________________________________________ 5
3.3.1 Type 1 _______________________________________________________________________________ 5
3.3.2 Type 2 _______________________________________________________________________________ 6
3.3.3 Type 3 _______________________________________________________________________________ 6
3.4 Suspension lifting system and jack-sinking system______________________________ 6
3.5 Inner bracing and guiding system ______________________________________________ 6
3.5.1 Guiding system_______________________________________________________________________ 6
3.5.2 Inner bracing_________________________________________________________________________ 6
4. Description of Work __________________________________________________________ 7
4.1 Fabrication and trial assembly of caisson _______________________________________ 7
4.2 Removal of drilling platform____________________________________________________ 7
4.3 Assembly of steel caisson_______________________________________________________ 8
4.4 Sinking steel caisson____________________________________________________________ 8
4.5 Monitoring of caisson construction______________________________________________ 9
4.6 Sealing of steel caisson _________________________________________________________ 9
4.7 Pile cutting ____________________________________________________________________11
4.8 Check caisson _________________________________________________________________11
5. Quality Assurance Plan______________________________________________________ 12
5.1 Quality plan control ___________________________________________________________12
5.2 Quality control organization ___________________________________________________12
5.3 Quality assurance system______________________________________________________12
5.3.1 Surveying ___________________________________________________________________________12
5.3.2 Key quality-checking item ___________________________________________________________13
5.3.3 Standard operation procedure _______________________________________________________13
i
6. Safety Plan__________________________________________________________________ 13
6.1 General safety measures ______________________________________________________13
6.2 Safety measures for assembly of caisson ______________________________________13
6.3 Safety measures for construction vessels ______________________________________13
6.4 Safety measures for submersible operation ____________________________________14
7. Document Control ___________________________________________________________ 14
ii
1. Introduction
This document describes the construction procedure of the construction of formwork
pile cap for the Suramadu Approach Bridges in Madura Strait. There are a total of
16 pile caps of pier shaft construction and 2 pile caps of V-pier construction. The
pile cap construction operation will be located in the submerged area within -0.99 m
to -2.190m depth. The designed highest water level is +1.3m while lowest water
level is -0.99m. The design flow speed is 1.68 m/s. The deduced maximum tide level
during the construction is +1.60m. The lowest tide level is -1.20m. Permanent steel
casings have already been installed at the correct location for each pile.
The design for each pier is different depend on site condition i.e. bracket position,
lifting lug position, and plain location of pile. There are three typical dimensions
which are type 1 for P45 and P48, type 2 for P41-42-51-52, and type 3 for the rest
pier. Entire pile cap is rectangular except special appearance in P49 which will need
a different formwork. It will be submitted later when the design has been approved.
When sea level reach lowest water level (-0.99m), the pile foundation does not
expose out of the water surface to ensure pleasing appearance.
This document will cover in detail the construction program, safety and all quality
assurance measures including laboratory testing related to the construction of pile
cap formwork.
Refer to the flow chart below for the sequence of the tasks in the pile cap formwork
procedure.
1
Remove drilling
platform
Complete survey of
Segment fabricator Approval of NCRs
pile location
Trial assembly in Cut bracket on casing, level Clear marine life and
land top opening of steel casing rust on casings wall
Install guiding
system
Install inner
Assemble side plate
bracing
Q2
Q6
Pile cap
construction
1.1 Resources
1.1.1 Workman plan
Refer to Appendix -2 for complete workman plan involved in the pile cap formwork
construction.
2. Construction Program
2.1 Description
The construction of pile cap formwork will be begun after the bored pile operation
in one pile group has been finished. The first construction will be constructed on
pier 40 then continue to pier 45 and 48. 6 (six) formwork of pile cap shall be
erected to obey the tight schedule. The pile cap work will be started by the end of
March 2007 and completed on March 2008.
3
Second beam of formwork will be left on the bottom pile cap whilst main beam of
bottom formwork and side formwork shall be recycled to another pier location. Side
formwork shall be dismantled after curing concrete has finished.
Refer to Appendix -3 for a complete program of pile cap construction.
3. Formwork Structure
3.1 Component of formwork
The formwork of pile cap is steel caisson with single wall and with bottom. The
bottom plate and the side plate of steel caisson are of single-wall rib-plate structure.
The steel caisson is composed of bottom plate, side plate, inner bracing, suspending
and sinking system and guiding system.
3.2.2 Type 2
The bottom plate of caisson is of 6mm-thick steel plate as the face plate. The
main beam laid perpendicular with bridge direction is of 2IWF350.175.7.11
shaped steel. The secondary beam is Channel steel IWF100.100.6.8 and the
secondary beam adjacent to casing is Channel steel 2IWF100.100.6.8.
The spacing between main beams is 4310mm and 2190mm respectively.
250.250.10 steel plate will be used as couple plate for main beam with 1500mm
spacing. To stabilize the main beam in support position, 20mm stiffener plate
shall be welded in the IWF350.175.7.11 steel beam. The spacing between
secondary beams is 414mm.
4
6mm thick face plate is placed above the secondary beam and welded.
Secondary beam will be left after the sealing concrete is finished whereas the
main beam will be pulled out for recycling to other location.
The bottom plate will be divided into 3 (three) pieces where the weight is
15.377ton.
3.2.3 Type 3
The bottom plate of caisson is of 6mm-thick steel plate as the face plate. The
main beam laid perpendicular with bridge direction is of 2IWF350.175.7.11
shaped steel. The secondary beam is channel steel [10 and the secondary beam
adjacent to casing is Channel steel 2[10.
The spacing between main beams is 2450mm and 2320mm respectively.
250.250.20 steel plate will be used as couple plate for main beam with 1500mm
spacing. To stabilize the main beam in support position, 20mm stiffener plate
shall be welded in the IWF350.175.7.11 steel beam. The spacing between
secondary beams is 425mm.
6mm thick face plate is placed above the secondary beam and welded.
Secondary beam will be left after the sealing concrete is finished whereas the
main beam will be pulled out for recycling to other location.
The bottom plate will be divide into 3 (three) pieces where the weight is
15.181ton.
3.3.1 Type 1
The side plate will be divided into 18 segments with 6.00m height. There are 3
types of side panel to meet the capacity of crane. Width of type A panel is
9.00m whilst width for type B and Type C is about 5.30m and 8.00m
respectively.
Lifting weight for Type A, Type B and Type C panel is 7.272ton, 4.101ton and
6.448ton respectively.
5
3.3.2 Type 2
The side plate will be divided into 12 segments with 5.00m height. There are 3
types of side panel to meet the capacity of crane. Width of type A panel is
9.00m whilst width for type B and Type C is about 8.25m and 3.90m
respectively.
Lifting weight for Type A, Type B and Type C panel is 5.772ton, 5.134ton and
2.459ton respectively.
3.3.3 Type 3
The side plate will be divided into 10 segments with 4.50m height. There are 3
types of side panel to meet the capacity of crane. Width of type A panel is
9.00m whilst width for type B and Type C is about 8.25m and 6.40m
respectively.
Lifting weight for Type A, Type B and Type C panel is 6.520ton, 6.364ton and
4.653ton respectively.
a. Type 1
As the large dimension of formwork for type 1, there are 9 (nine) truss for
inner bracing. Two stories of truss will be erected during construction of pile
cap. The placing of truss will be set as shown in the shop drawing.
The first story of inner bracing is made of IWF350.175.7.11 shaped steel for
the horizontal rib and Channel steel [10 for the horizontal and diagonal rib. The
lower layer of IWF350.175.7.11 shaped steel shall be placed on level -0.290m
and the upper layer will be placed on level +1.710m. The spacing for diagonal
and horizontal rib is 189.3cm and placed along truss direction.
The second story of inner bracing is made of IWF350.175.7.11 shaped for lower
layer and 400mm steel pipe for upper layer. The lower layer of the second
story is the upper layer of the first story. The 400mm steel pipe is placed in
6
top of formwork with elevation +3.910m. To stabilize the steel pipe position, the
pipe will be connected to highest hoop then welded thru steel plate 20mm.
b. Type 2
6 (six) truss for inner bracing are set inside of the caisson of the pile cap type
2. The placing of truss will be set as shown in the shop drawing. The placing of
inner bracing has considered the allowable deformation of side formwork
therefore maximum spacing of inner bracing is 750cm.
The lower layer of vertical rib is made of IWF350.175.7.11 shaped steel and
placed on level +1.210m whilst the upper layer is made of 400mm steel pipe
and placed on level +2.910m. The diagonal and vertical rib of truss is made of
Channel steel [10. The connection of truss is similar with inner bracing type 1.
c. Type 3
6 (six) truss for inner bracing are set inside of the caisson of the pile cap type
3. The placing of truss will be set as shown in the shop drawing. Maximum
spacing of inner bracing is 750cm.
The lower layer of vertical rib is made of IWF350.175.7.11 shaped steel and
placed on level +0.710m whilst the upper layer is made of 400mm steel pipe
and placed on level +2.410m. The diagonal and vertical rib of truss is made of
Channel steel [10. The connection of truss is similar with inner bracing type 1.
4. Description of Work
4.1 Fabrication and trial assembly of caisson
Pile cap formwork shall be fabricated in casting yard piece by piece. The
fabrication team shall fabricate the formwork in strict accordance with the
design requirement. Every department shall strengthen the control of working
procedure to ensure the quality.
Semi-finished product of caisson shall be stacked in class, and marked with sole
identification. While stacking, the measures shall be taken to prevent the
deformation.
Checking the weld quality, all the welding joints on the face plate of side plate
shall be checked kerosene to observe whether there is any leakage. The length
and the thickness of weld joint shall meet the requirement indicated in the
drawing. Otherwise it will not be checked and accepted.
After the processing of every individual plate of the caisson is finished, the trial
assembly of adjoining plates shall be conducted to check the error and quality of
caisson processing. The checking standard shall meet the relevant specification
and standard.
7
platform can be recycled timely to another pier location. The bracket for drilling
platform on the steel casing shall be cut.
The design centre of the pile will be firstly set out on steel casing. The
fabrication of steel caisson formwork will be depended on steel casing position.
The casing position will be used to make the formwork precisely. The survey
team and site technical engineers will survey the gradient and plan location of
steel casing.
A complete survey shall be conducted to ensure the existing location of lifting
hook and earlier bracket. They therefore will not obstruct the sinking of the
caisson.
Before assembly of caisson bottom plate, the marine life remains attached to the
wall of steel casing above the level of -2.190m shall be cleared or removed to
ensure that the friction on clamp can be achieved the designed strength.
8
the bottom plate of caisson has enough space around the steel casing, therefore
the size of reserved hole in bottom plate of caisson can be timely revised.
When the panel of bottom plate of caisson is sunken to the level +0.5m, the
sinking of the caisson shall be temporarily stopped. At this time, the second
layer of guiding system will be installed. According to the actual deviation and
inclination of steel casing, the size of hole in bottom of plate of caisson will be
estimated. Revise the hole in bottom plate of caisson around the steel casing.
Then continue sinking to the designed level, -2.190m.
During caisson sinking process, special persons shall be assigned to observe the
change of water head inside and outside of caisson to keep the water head
consistent with the caisson water head condition. If necessary, it will be adjusted
by water pump.
Steel caisson will be deflection-rectified and position-adjusted by horizontal jack,
guiding system and jack-sinking system.
Horizontal jacking system is only used at the time when the steel caisson is
deflected and out of position. Jacking will be placed between steel casing and
side formwork.
The oxidation layer iron rust and the attached marine life in the wall of steel
casing shall be cleaned for the second time to ensure the cohesion between the
sealing concrete and the steel casing. Divers will place the clogging plate around
the steel casing, and install Channel steel using bolt then weld the extension
Channel steel into the casing above the elevation of sea water. Finally the divers
will fill the spacing between the casing and the bottom plate of the casing by
high pressure sponge so as to prevent the cement from leaking.
9
buried in the adjoining tremie, the water in the adjoining tremie shall be
drained. Concreting one by one until the concreting for one division is finished.
At every time, about 300 m3 sealing concrete will be poured for every division.
Two batching plant with the respective capacity of 40 m3/hour will be used. Two
concrete pumps with the capacity of 40 m3/hour will prepared for delivery of
concrete.
As the volume of sealing concrete is large, retarding agent will be applied for
the job mix formula of the concrete to extend the retarding time and ensure all
the pouring of sealing concrete should be finished before initial setting.
Altogether 2 (two) tremies will be arranged and numbered. The distance of
tremie from the bottom plate is 10~15cm. Funnel, concrete delivery pump and
pump pipes shall be installed in the 230 feet workshop barge. When all
preparations are ready, the first batch of sealing concrete can be poured. In
order to make the underwater concrete surface from some gradient and bury
the bottom mouth of the tremie and ensure concrete quality after every batch is
poured, the concrete with slump of 182cm shall be proposed.
Concreting shall be conducted by 6 tremies in one side then move to other side
simultaneously as shown in Figure 4-1.
1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4
Move Move
Tremie
2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5
3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6
The concreting for sealing concrete is sequenced as follow; start from the tremie
at the side close to the platform and then other tremie at the other side. During
the concreting, the tremie is not lifted as the concrete surface ascends so as to
ensure the minimum burying depth of the tremie is controlled within range 20-
60cm. During the concreting, site technicians will measure the concrete height
and monitor spreading condition by measuring scale. Divers are responsible for
levelling top surface of concrete.
Check sealing concrete; when pouring of the sealing concrete is finished and the
concrete strength reaches the designated grade, the quality of sealing concrete
shall be checked by water-pumping method to check the tightness, concrete
surface quality, flatness etc. If the leakage is serious, drilling and grouting
10
method will be applied for remedying that. The loose mortar and concrete on the
surface will be cleared.
Table 4-1 Allowable tolerance after the steel caisson is assembled to a whole body
Checking item Allowable tolerance Checking method
Length (mm) 20 To be measured by steel
ruler
Overall caisson Width (mm) 20
dimension Height (mm) 20
Diagonal (mm) 20
Flatness of inner surface of side To be measured by 2m-
5
formwork (mm) ruler
Flatness of the surface of the two To be measured by 2m-
2
adjoining formwork (mm) ruler
Level or elevation (mm) To be measured by
10
levelling instrument
Axis deviation (mm) 10 To be measured
Checking the weld quality; all the welding joints on the wall of side plates shall
be checked with kerosene to see if there is any leakage. The length and the
thickness of weld joint shall meet the requirement as indicated in the drawing.
Otherwise it will not be checked and accepted.
11
After the assembly of caisson in site is finished, cleaning shall be conducted
inside the caisson to ensure it is clean.
After the pile head is cut, the top surface of concrete of pile head is 15cm
higher than the bottom of pile cap. Meanwhile the fresh concrete surface will be
available.
12
5.3.2 Key quality-checking item
The processing quality of segments will be controlled to ensure the installation
quality in site. The removal of marine life and surface oxidized rust on the wall
of steel casing will be strictly checked to ensure the expected function of clamp
can be achieved.
6. Safety Plan
6.1 General safety measures
Carry out relevant stipulations regarding site safety.
Fireproof measures shall be taken for construction site, material warehouse and
oil depot.
The site electromechanical equipment shall strictly comply with operation codes
and shall be periodically checked, maintained and serviced.
The entire worker in site shall wear the safety helmet, life jacket, and safety
shoes.
Persons shall be assigned to be on duty for 24hours to collect such information
regarding weather forecast, the number of applicable days for construction, etc.
Strictly implement all kinds of laws and regulations involved in offshore safety
to ensure safety.
13
Strengthen the management for the dispatching and berthing of site vessels.
During the construction of caisson, anti collision pile shall be installed around
the steel caisson to ensure safety of caisson.
7. Document Control
During construction all document control procedures shall be strictly adhered to.
All documents pertaining to the quality control and testing of concrete as well as
raw materials shall be sorted and stored in easily accessible, properly indexed
files.
This should include but not be limited to all certificates to proceed with work
and all completion of work certificates as well as variation orders and survey
data.
14
Appendix 1
Shop Drawing
Appendix 2
Resources
List of Equipment
Formwork of Pile Cap Work
No Item Qty Remarks
1 Welder 8
2 Diver 2
4 Concrete Worker 10
5 Mechanical 10
6 Unskill Labour 10
Appendix 3
Construction Program
SCHEDULE FOR COMPLETION OF APPROACH BRIDGE
DRAFT-R.00
118 PILE CAP WORKS 357 days Mon Mar 19, '07
120 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-A1) 25 days Mon Mar 19, '07 4/12
121 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Fri Apr 13, '07 5/27
123 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-B1) 30 days Tue May 1, '07 5/30
124 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Thu May 31, '07 7/14
126 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-B2) 30 days Sat May 26, '07 6/24
127 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Mon Jun 25, '07 8/8
129 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-A.2) 25 days Thu May 17, '07 6/10
130 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Mon Jun 11, '07 7/25
132 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-A1) 25 days Mon Jun 11, '07 7/5
133 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Fri Jul 6, '07 8/20
135 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-B1-1) 25 days Sun Jul 29, '07 8/23
136 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Fri Aug 24, '07 10/7
138 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-C1) 25 days Sun Aug 26, '07 9/19
139 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Thu Sep 20, '07 11/10
141 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-B1-2) 25 days Sat Aug 18, '07 9/11
142 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Wed Sep 12, '07 11/2
144 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-C1) 25 days Sun Nov 25, '07 12/19
145 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Thu Dec 20, '07 2/2
148 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Sat Sep 29, '07 11/19
150 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-A2) 25 days Mon Sep 10, '07 10/4
151 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Fri Oct 5, '07 11/25
153 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-B2-2) 25 days Thu Oct 4, '07 11/4
154 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Mon Nov 5, '07 12/19
156 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-B1-1) 25 days Wed Nov 21, '07 12/15
157 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Sun Dec 16, '07 1/29
159 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-B2-1) 25 days Mon Sep 24, '07 10/25
160 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Fri Oct 26, '07 12/9
162 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-A2) 25 days Mon Dec 10, '07 1/3
163 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Fri Jan 4, '08 2/17
165 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-B2-2) 25 days Tue Jan 8, '08 2/1
166 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Sat Feb 2, '08 3/17
168 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-B2-1) 25 days Fri Jan 4, '08 1/28
169 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Tue Jan 29, '08 3/13
171 Remove Platform & Install Bottom + Side F.W (SF-B1-2) 25 days Thu Jan 3, '08 1/27
172 sealing concrete, pile cutting, inst. rebar & concreting 45 days Mon Jan 28, '08 3/12
Calculation Statement
Project : Suramadu Approach Bridge
Subject : Pile Cap Formwork
Location : Approach Bridge
Pile Type
Parameter Unit
A B C
Pile Data
Diameter m 2.29 1.89 1.89
Width m 36.80 25.50 25.50
Length m 25.80 16.00 12.00
Number of pile/pier nos 35.00 18.00 18.00
specific gravity of sealing concrete kN/m3 24.00 24.00 24.00
specific gravity of pile cap concrete kN/m3 25.00 25.00 25.00
1st concrete height of pile cap m 1.50 1.50 1.50
Sealing concrete height m 1.00 1.00 1.00
Levelling concrete height m 0.20 0.20 0.20
Binding force of under water concrete Kpa 120.00 120.00 120.00
Binding force of dry poured concrete Kpa 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00
Lowest Water Level m -0.99 -0.99 -0.99
Highest Water Level m 1.30 1.30 1.30
Lowest formwork level m -2.19 -2.19 -2.19
specific gravity of sea water kN/m3 10.25 10.25 10.25
Distribution Beam
Calculation of Distribution beam
- IWF beam will be used as main beam where will be laid below the bottom plate of caisson
Working load acted in the beam shall came from deadweight of sealing concrete. Height of sealing
concrete is 1.2 m. Floating load will be determined in lowest water level, - 0.99
m so the floating load will be 12.0663 kN/m2. Total load which will be sustained by
distribution beam is 16.1865 kN/m2.
As mean width area of load which supported by distribution beam is 0.45 m, distri-
load of beam will be 8.74 kN/m'
8.74
`
2.45
Used : CH 100x48x 10
Section characteristics:(single beam)
Wx = 47.3 cm^3 H= 100 mm
Ix= 198.3 cm^4 B= 48 mm
Iy= 25.6 cm^4 tw= 5.3 mm
A= 12.74 cm^2 ts= 8.5 mm
= 160 Mpa iy= 1.52 cm
Section control
L/h = 24.5
1.25b/ts= 7.058824
L/H > 1.25b/ts
Distribution Beam
27.666667
1/6 hb 100
Marked area:
A arsir = 409.4663333 mm2
E
g = = 136.0349523
0 . 7 .
A '
s = = 0.365997666
g
Type of Column is Medium column r = 1.1510182
r = 1 (omega equation if the slenderness is 0.1838 > )
1.41
r = = (omega equation if the slenderness is 0.1838 < < 1)
1.593 s
= 2.381. s =
2
(omega equation if the slenderness is > 1)
kip = 139.0074
5
= =
M 1x 0.76
kip 8 3
M 2x
<1 so, = 1
Main Beam
Calculation of main beam
IWF beam will be used as main beam where the distribution will be laid in it. Reactions from dis-
tribution beam will be sustained by main beam and we convert the reactions into working load.
47.39022222
4.5
Section control
L/h = 16.07143
1.25b/ts= 26.82482
L/H < 1.25b/ts
84.2
1/6 hb 280
Page 1 MainBP37
Project : Suramadu Approach Bridge
Subject : Pile Cap Formwork
Location: Pier 37,38 and of one type
Main Beam
Marked area:
A arsir = 4042.114 mm2
E
g = = 136.0349523
0 . 7 .
A '
s = = 0.250066079
g
Type of Column is Medium column r = 1.051506
r = 1 (omega equation if the slenderness is 0.1838 > )
1.41
r = = (omega equation if the slenderness is 0.1838 < < 1)
1.593 s
= 2.381. s =
2
(omega equation if the slenderness is > 1)
kip = 152.1627
5
= =
M 1x 0.66
kip 8 3
M 2x
<1 so, = 1
Deflection Check
5 ql 4
= = 8.52 mm < 11.25 mm
384 EI
OK
Page 2 MainBP37
Project : Suramadu Approach Bridge
Subject : Pile Cap Formwork
Location : Pier 37,38 and of one type
Loading Criteria
As with all formwork, the fist step in detailed design is to estimate the magnitude and distribution
of pressure and loads acting on the formwork. ACI Committee 347 recommends designing for
the same lateral pressure as for wall forms, considering temperature and rate of rise concrete
in the forms. According to ACI, for R=2ft, p= 28.728 kN/m2
Wall thickness in mass concrete is idealized with huge wall and according to SKSNI T-15-1991-03,
the horizontal pressure is 90 KN/m2. Pouring concrete shall be by 0.50m layer then
poured again with 0.5m thickness until construction joint layer. The concrete pressure when con-
creting is finished at height 4.5 m is 105.948 kN/m2. Because concreting
height in last segment is less than 2m, concrete pressure will be constant from 0m up to
0.68 m.
1.46
b
3.82
1.54
a
1.5 0.68
Strength calculation
M
steel = M = 4848000 Nmm
W
subtitute value of M into equation(1) where the value of q is determine from p.l
so required length (l) is 813.654506 mm
Deflection calculation
1
f max = l
500 will be subtitute to equation(2)
then required length (l) is 519.100994 mm
so minimum space between horizontal beam is 510 mm
Strength calculation
M
steel = M = 107599243.9 Nmm
W
then determine q = p.l = 45.9 N/mm
subtitute value of M into equation(1) where the value of q is determine from p.l
so required length (l) is 4841.704355 mm
Deflection calculation
1
f max = l
500 will be subtitute to equation(2)
then required length (l) is 2154.439196 mm
so minimum space between horizontal beam is 2150 mm
- Steel Wales
The wales will be placed in 1.5 m, and 3 m from bottom formwork.
The average of inclemental load is 26.79503 kN/m which occurred in 2.23
m from the top of formwork. Load on support b is 13.39751 kN/m', so Rb =
29.87645 kN Load on support a is 36.34751 kN/m', so Ra = 82.50885 kN
Allowable shear strength is 92.8 Mpa, then shear force on the structure will be determine
using following formula 3V so V = 514.112 kN
=
2A
Distribution Beam
Calculation of Distribution beam
- IWF beam will be used as main beam where will be laid below the bottom plate of caisson
Working load acted in the beam shall came from deadweight of sealing concrete. Height of sealing
concrete is 1.2 m. Floating load will be determined in lowest water level, - 0.99
m so the floating load will be 12.0663 kN/m2. Total load which will be sustained by
distribution beam is 16.1865 kN/m2.
As mean width area of load which supported by distribution beam is 0.55 m, distri-
load of beam will be 10.68 kN/m'
10.68
`
2.45
Used : CH 100x48 10
Section characteristics:(single beam)
Wx = 47.3 cm^3 H= 100 mm
Ix= 198.3 cm^4 B= 48 mm
Iy= 25.6 cm^4 tw= 5.3 mm
A= 12.74 cm^2 ts= 8.5 mm
= 160 Mpa iy= 1.52 cm
Section control
L/h = 24.5
1.25b/ts= 7.058824
L/H > 1.25b/ts
Distribution Beam
27.666667
1/6 hb 100
Marked area:
A arsir = 409.4663333 mm2
E
g = = 136.0349523
0 . 7 .
A '
s = = 0.365997666
g
Type of Column is Medium column r = 1.1510182
r = 1 (omega equation if the slenderness is 0.1838 > )
1.41
r = = (omega equation if the slenderness is 0.1838 < < 1)
1.593 s
= 2.381. s =
2
(omega equation if the slenderness is > 1)
kip = 139.0074
5
= =
M 1x 0.75
kip 8 3
M 2x
<1 so, = 1
Main Beam
Calculation of main beam
IWF beam will be used as main beam where the distribution will be laid in it. Reactions from dis-
tribution beam will be sustained by main beam and we convert the reactions into working load.
47.39022222
5.5
Section control
L/h = 19.64286
1.25b/ts= 26.82482
L/H < 1.25b/ts
84.2
1/6 hb 280
Page 1 MainBP45
Project : Suramadu Approach Bridge
Subject : Pile Cap Formwork
Location: P45,48
Main Beam
Marked area:
A arsir = 4042.114 mm2
E
g = = 136.0349523
0 . 7 .
A '
s = = 0.305636319
g
Type of Column is Medium column r = 1.0969658
r = 1 (omega equation if the slenderness is 0.1838 > )
1.41
r = = (omega equation if the slenderness is 0.1838 < < 1)
1.593 s
= 2.381. s =
2
(omega equation if the slenderness is > 1)
kip = 145.8569
5
= =
M 1x 0.69
kip 8 3
M 2x
<1 so, = 1
Deflection Check
5 ql 4
= = 19.01 mm > 13.75 mm
384 EI
Recheck
Page 2 MainBP45
Project : Suramadu Approach Bridge
Subject : Pile Cap Formwork
Location : P45,48
Loading Criteria
As with all formwork, the fist step in detailed design is to estimate the magnitude and distribution
of pressure and loads acting on the formwork. ACI Committee 347 recommends designing for
the same lateral pressure as for wall forms, considering temperature and rate of rise concrete
in the forms. According to ACI, for R=2ft, p= 28.728 kN/m2
Wall thickness in mass concrete is idealized with huge wall and according to SKSNI T-15-1991-03,
the horizontal pressure is 90 KN/m2. Pouring concrete shall be by 0.50m layer then
poured again with 0.5m thickness until construction joint layer. The concrete pressure when con-
creting is finished at height 6 m is 141.264 kN/m2. Because concreting
height in last segment is less than 2m, concrete pressure will be constant from 0m up to
2.18 m.
2.96
b
3.82
1.54
a
1.5 2.18
Strength calculation
M
steel = M = 4848000 Nmm
W
subtitute value of M into equation(1) where the value of q is determine from p.l
so required length (l) is 813.654506 mm
Deflection calculation
1
f max = l
500 will be subtitute to equation(2)
then required length (l) is 519.100994 mm
so minimum space between horizontal beam is 510 mm
Strength calculation
M
steel = M = 107599243.9 Nmm
W
then determine q = p.l = 45.9 N/mm
subtitute value of M into equation(1) where the value of q is determine from p.l
so required length (l) is 4841.704355 mm
Deflection calculation
1
f max = l
500 will be subtitute to equation(2)
then required length (l) is 2154.439196 mm
so minimum space between horizontal beam is 2150 mm
- Steel Wales
The wales will be placed in 1.5 m, and 3 m from bottom formwork.
The average of inclemental load is 44.81859 kN/m which occurred in 3.73
m from the top of formwork. Load on support b is 22.40929 kN/m', so Rb =
83.58666 kN Load on support a is 45.35929 kN/m', so Ra = 102.9656 kN
Allowable shear strength is 92.8 Mpa, then shear force on the structure will be determine
using following formula 3V so V = 514.112 kN
=
2A
Distribution Beam
Calculation of Distribution beam
- IWF beam will be used as main beam where will be laid below the bottom plate of caisson
Working load acted in the beam shall came from deadweight of sealing concrete. Height of sealing
concrete is 1.2 m. Floating load will be determined in lowest water level, - 0.99
m so the floating load will be 12.0663 kN/m2. Total load which will be sustained by
distribution beam is 16.1865 kN/m2.
As mean width area of load which supported by distribution beam is 0.414 m, distri-
load of beam will be 8.04 kN/m'
8.04
`
4.31
Section control
L/h = 43.1
1.25b/ts= 31.71875
L/H > 1.25b/ts
Distribution Beam
28
1/6 hb 100
Marked area:
A arsir = 1627.36 mm2
E
g = = 136.0349523
0 . 7 .
A '
s = = 0.665312947
g
Type of Column is Medium column r = 1.523193
r = 1 (omega equation if the slenderness is 0.1838 > )
1.41
r = = (omega equation if the slenderness is 0.1838 < < 1)
1.593 s
= 2.381. s =
2
(omega equation if the slenderness is > 1)
kip = 105.0425
5
= =
M 1x 0.97
kip 8 3
M 2x
<1 so, = 1
Main Beam
Calculation of main beam
IWF beam will be used as main beam where the distribution will be laid in it. Reactions from dis-
tribution beam will be sustained by main beam and we convert the reactions into working load.
47.39022222
4.5
Section control
L/h = 16.07143
1.25b/ts= 26.82482
L/H < 1.25b/ts
84.2
1/6 hb 280
Page 1 MainBP41
Project : Suramadu Approach Bridge
Subject : Pile Cap Formwork
Location: P41,42,51,52
Main Beam
Marked area:
A arsir = 4042.114 mm2
E
g = = 136.0349523
0 . 7 .
A '
s = = 0.250066079
g
Type of Column is Medium column r = 1.051506
r = 1 (omega equation if the slenderness is 0.1838 > )
1.41
r = = (omega equation if the slenderness is 0.1838 < < 1)
1.593 s
= 2.381. s =
2
(omega equation if the slenderness is > 1)
kip = 152.1627
5
= =
M 1x 0.66
kip 8 3
M 2x
<1 so, = 1
Deflection Check
5 ql 4
= = 8.52 mm < 11.25 mm
384 EI
OK
Page 2 MainBP41
Project : Suramadu Approach Bridge
Subject : Pile Cap Formwork
Location : P41,42,51,52
Loading Criteria
As with all formwork, the fist step in detailed design is to estimate the magnitude and distribution
of pressure and loads acting on the formwork. ACI Committee 347 recommends designing for
the same lateral pressure as for wall forms, considering temperature and rate of rise concrete
in the forms. According to ACI, for R=2ft, p= 28.728 kN/m2
Wall thickness in mass concrete is idealized with huge wall and according to SKSNI T-15-1991-03,
the horizontal pressure is 90 KN/m2. Pouring concrete shall be by 0.50m layer then
poured again with 0.5m thickness until construction joint layer. The concrete pressure when con-
creting is finished at height 5 m is 117.72 kN/m2. Because concreting
height in last segment is less than 2m, concrete pressure will be constant from 0m up to
1.18 m.
1.96
b
3.82
1.54
a
1.5 1.18
Strength calculation
M
steel = M = 4848000 Nmm
W
subtitute value of M into equation(1) where the value of q is determine from p.l
so required length (l) is 813.654506 mm
Deflection calculation
1
f max = l
500 will be subtitute to equation(2)
then required length (l) is 519.100994 mm
so minimum space between horizontal beam is 510 mm
Strength calculation
M
steel = M = 107599243.9 Nmm
W
then determine q = p.l = 45.9 N/mm
subtitute value of M into equation(1) where the value of q is determine from p.l
so required length (l) is 4841.704355 mm
Deflection calculation
1
f max = l
500 will be subtitute to equation(2)
then required length (l) is 2154.439196 mm
so minimum space between horizontal beam is 2150 mm
- Steel Wales
The wales will be placed in 1.5 m, and 3 m from bottom formwork.
The average of inclemental load is 32.80288 kN/m which occurred in 2.73
m from the top of formwork. Load on support b is 16.40144 kN/m', so Rb =
44.77593 kN Load on support a is 39.35144 kN/m', so Ra = 89.32777 kN
Allowable shear strength is 92.8 Mpa, then shear force on the structure will be determine
using following formula 3V so V = 514.112 kN
=
2A