EXERCISE 1

DATA
Conductor Pile:
OD = 30 inch = 762 mm
WT = 1 inch = 25.4 mm
ID = 28 inch = 711.2 mm
Rfs = 30 m
30 m 30 x 1 Fy = 345 MPa
True Batter = 1

Hammer:
Type = MHU 270T
mh = 444.4 kN
C.o.G. = 2.5 m
Cantilever Section

Calculate manually:
a. Actual and allowable stress acting on cantilever section
b. Unity check based on API 2000 section 3.3.1.
c. Residual Dynamic Stress

EXERCISE 2

DATA
Main Pile:
20 x 2 WT L2=5 m Fy = 345 MPa
True Batter =1:8
= 7.13

Hammer:
20 x 1 WT Type = MHU 270 T
L1=5 m
Weight (mh) = 444.4 kN
C.o.G. = 2.5 m

Cantilever Section

Calculate manually:
a. Actual and allowable stress acting on cantilever section
b. Unity check based on API 2000 section 3.3.1.
c. Residual Dynamic Stress

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 1 of 22

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 2 of 22
EXERCISE 3

DATA
Skirt Pile:
OD = 20 inch = 508 mm
WT = 1 inch = 25.4 mm
20 m I AIR
ID = 18 inch = 457.2 mm
Rfs = 40 m
Fy = 345 MPa
True Batter = 1

20 m II WATER Hammer:
Type = MHU 270T + under water ballast
mh + mub = 513 kN
C.o.G. = 1.970 m

Calculate manually:
a. Actual and allowable stress acting on cantilever section
b. Unity check based on API 2000 section 3.3.1.
c. Residual Dynamic Stress

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 3 of 22

 Static Pile Stick-Up (Calculation Method)

The evaluation of static pile stick-up is performed in accordance with API-RP 2A 21st
edition (WSD) Section 3.2 3.3.

Allowable Axial Compressive Stress

D
a. For 60 ,
t
( Kl / r ) 2
1 Fy
2Cc2
Fa = for Kl / r < Cc
3( Kl / r ) ( Kl / r )3
5/3 +
8 Cc 8 Cc3

12 2 E
Fa = for Kl / r Cc
23 ( Kl / r ) 2

where :

1/ 2
2 2 E
Cc =
Fy

E = Youngs Modulus of elasticity, ksi (MPa)

K = Effectifve Length Factor (K=2.1 in accordance API section 6.10.4)
l = unbraced length, in. (m)
r = radius of gyration, in. (m)

D
b. For 60 < 300 and Wall Thickness 6 mm.
t
Substitute Fy with the following value :
b.1. Elastic Local Buckling Stress
Fxe = 2 C E t/D

b.2. In-Elastic Local Buckling Stress

Fxc = Fy x [1,64 0,23 (D/t)1/4] Fxe

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 4 of 22

 D
Fxc = Fy for ( ) 60.
t
Allowable Bending Stress

D 1500 D 10,340
a. For or , SI units
t Fy t Fy
Fb = 0.75 Fy

1500 D 3000 10,340 D 20,680

b. For < or < , SI units
Fy t Fy Fy t Fy
FyD
Fb = 0.84 1.74 Fy
Et

3000 D 20,680 D
c. For < 300 or < 300, SI units
Fy t Fy t
FyD
Fb = 0.72 0.58 Fy
Et

Evaluation of Actual And Allowable Stress Through :

fa
a. 1.0
Fa

fa
b. For > 0.15
Fa

fa Cm. fb
+ 1.0 (I.R. 1) and
Fa fa
1 Fb
Fe'

fa fb
+ 1.0 (I.R. 2)
0.6 Fy Fb

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 5 of 22

 where :

12 2 E
Fe =
23 (kl / r )
2

Cm = Minimum reduction factor = 1.0 (API section 6.10.4)

K = Minimum effective length factor = 2.1 (API section 6.10.4)

fa
c. For 0.15
Fa

fa fb
+ 1.0 (I.R. 3)
Fa Fb

Minimum Bending Moment (API Section 6.10.4)

Bending moment and axial loads should be calculated using the full weight of the pile
hammer, cap, and leads acting through the center of gravity of their combined masses,
and the weight of the pile add-on section with due consideration to pile batter
eccentricities. The bending moment so determined should not be less than that
corresponding to a load equal to 2% of the combined weight of the hammer,cap, and
leads applied at the pile head and perpendicular to its centerline. Therefore,

Minimum Bending Moment = 0.02 x W x Lfs

Where : W = weight of hammer and cap

Lfs = Free standing length

Stresses During Driving

It is recommended by the API (Section 6.10.5) to verify that at cantilever section :

Static Stress (fa + fb) + fdyn 100 SMYS

Dynamic Compressive Stress, fdyn 80 90% SMYS.

One third increase is not allowed.

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 6 of 22

 Others (API Section 6.11)
Consideration that should be taken in determine length of pile section, for instance :
Capability of lift equipment to raise, lower, and stab.
Capability of lift equipment to place hammer on the section
Possibility of immediate downward pile movement
Pile stresses during lifting
Wall thickness and material properties at field welds.
Interference with adjacent piles
Type of soil in which the pile tip is positioned during field welding
Cut off length, normally 0.5 1.5 meters.

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 7 of 22

EXERCISE 1

DATA
Conductor Pile
OD = 30 inch = 762 mm
WT = 1 inch = 25.4 mm
ID = 28 inch = 711.2 mm
Rfs = 30 m
30 m 30 x 1 Fy = 345 MPa
True Batter = 1

Hammer
Type = MHU 270T
mh = 444.4 kN
C.o.G. = 2.5 m
Cantilever Section

o CALCULATE LOADS

mh.sin
COG
mh.cos

mh mh

mL.sin
= 1
mL mL.cos

mL

- Bending Moment
M = mh . (Rfs + C.o.G.) . sin 1 + mL . (Rfs / 2) . sin 1

Where : mL = weight of pile (kN)

= 0.25 (OD2 ID2) . Rfs . 7850 kg/m3
= 0.25 (0.7622 0.71122) . 30 . 7850
= 13842.23 kg
mL = 135.792 kN

M = 444.4 (30 + 2.5) sin 1 + 135.792 (30 / 2 ) sin 1

M = 287.387 kNm

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 8 of 22

 Minimum bending moment based on API requirement:
M = 2% mh R fs
= 2% 444.4 30
M = 266.64 kNm

Therefore, adopt M = 287.387 kNm

- Axial Load
N = (mh + mL) . cos 1
= (444.4 + 135.792) . cos 1
N = 580.104 kN

o CALCULATE ACTUAL STRESS

- Bending Stress

fb =
M
S
, where S =
1

32 OD

(
OD 4 ID 4 )
=
1


32 0.762
(
0.762 4 0.7112 4 )
S = 0.0105 m3

287.387
fb = = 27,370.190 kN/m2
0.0105

f b = 27.370 MPa

- Axial Stress
N 580.104
fa = = = 9869.396 kN/m2
(
A 0.25 0.762 0.7112
2 2
)
f a = 9.869 MPa

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 9 of 22

o CALCULATE ALLOWABLE STRESS

- Allowable Bending Stress

D 30
= = 30
t 1

10,340
= 29.97 10,340 D 20,680
Fy < <
Fy t Fy
20,680
= 59.94
Fy

therefore,
Fy D
Fb = 0.84 1.74 Fy
Et
345 0.762
= 0.84 1.74 345
200,000 0.0254

Fb = 258.734 MPa

- Allowable Axial Stress

D
= 30 60
t

r=
I
A
, where: I =
1
64
(
0.762 4 0.7112 4 )
I = 0.00399 m4
A = 0.25 (0.7622 0.71122)
A = 0.0588 m2
0.00399
r= = 0.260 m
0.0588

Kl 2.1 30
= = 242.307
r 0.260
Kl
> Cc
r
2 2 E 2 2 200,000
Cc = = = 106.972
Fy 345

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 10 of 22

 therefore,

12 2 E 12 2 200,000
Fa = = = 17.619 MPa
23(Kl/r ) 23 242.307 2
2

o CALCULATE UNITY CHECK

fa 9.869
a. = = 0.560 <1
Fa 17.619

fa Cm fb 12 2 E 12 2 200,000
b. + , where : Fe' = =
Fa f a 23 (Kl/r ) 23 242.307 2
2
1 ' Fb
Fe
Fe' = 17.619 MPa

9.869 1 27.370
+ = 0.803 <1 (I.R 1)
17.619 9.869
1 258.734
17.619

fa f 9.869 27.370
c. + b = + = 0.154 <1 (I.R 2)
0.6Fy Fb 0.6 345 258.734

fa fb 9.869 27.370
d. + = + = 0.668 <1 (I.R 3)
Fa Fb 17.619 258.734

o CALCULATE RESIDUAL DYNAMIC STRESS

Total Static Stress:

Fs = fa + fb
= 9.869 + 27.370
= 37.239 MPa

Residual Dynamic Stress:

Rfdyn = Fy fs
= 345 37.379
= 307.761 MPa

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 11 of 22

 Percentage of Residual Dynamic Stress,
307.761
% R f dyn = 100%
345

= 89.21 %

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 12 of 22

EXERCISE 2

Main Pile :
Fy = 345 MPa
True Batter =1:8
508 x 50.8 L2=5 m = 7.13

Hammer :
Type = MHU 270 T
Weight (mh) = 444.4 kN
508 x 25.4 C.o.G. = 2.5 m
L1=5 m

Cantilever Section

mh.sin

mh.cos
2.5 m COG

mh
mL2.sin
5m
mh
mL2.cos

mL2
mL2
5m
= 7.13
mL1.sin

mL1 mL1.cos

mL1

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 13 of 22

LOAD CALCULATION

Bending Moment,

L1 L2
M = [ mh . (Rfs + C.o.G.) . sin + mL1. . sin + mL2. L1 + . sin ]
2 2

where : mL1 = weight of segment pile 1

(OD 2 ID 2 )
= R fs 7850 kg/m3
4
(0.5082 0.457 2 )
= 5 7850 kg/m3
4
= 1511.48 kg = 14.83 kN

mL2 = weight of segment pile 2

(OD 2 ID 2 )
= R fs 7850 kg/m3
4
=
(
0.5082 0.4062 ) 5 7850 kg/m3
4
= 2863.72 kg = 28.09 kN

5 5
M = 444.4 (10 + 2.5) sin 7.13 + 14.83 sin 7.13 + 28.09 5 + sin 7.13
2 2

M = 720.24 kNm

Minimum bending moment based on API Section 6.10.4 :

M = 2% mh R fs
= 2% 444.4 10
M = 88.88 kNm

Therefore, actual bending moment govern.

Adopt M = 720.24 kNm

Axial Load,

N = (mh + mL1 + mL2) . cos

= (444.4 + 14.83 + 28.09) . cos 7.13
N = 483.55 kN

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 14 of 22

ACTUAL STRESSES AT CANTILEVER SECTION

- Bending Stress,
(OD3 ID3 )
S =
32
(5083 4573 )
=
32
S = 4,425,982 mm3

M
fb =
S

720.24 106
fb =
4,452,982

f b = 162.73 MPa

- Axial Stress,
N
fa =
A
483.55 103
fa =
1 (5082 457 2 )
4

f a = 12.56 MPa

ALLOWABLE STRESSES

- Allowable Bending Stress ( API Section 3.2.3 )

D 20 10,340
For = = 20 = 30
t 1 Fy

Fb = 0.75 Fy

Fb = 0.75 x 345 = 258.75 MPa

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 15 of 22

 - Allowable Axial Stress ( API Section 3.2.2 )
D
= 20 60
t

(5084 457 4 )
I 1
r= , where : I =
A 64

= 1,127,985,077 mm4

A = 0.25 (5082 4572)

= 38,653 mm2

1,127,985,077
r =
38,653

= 170.83 mm

kl 2.1 (10 1000 )

= = 122.93 (K = 2.1 in accordance API 6.10.4)
r 170.83
1/ 2 1/ 2
2 2 E 2 2 200,000
Cc = = = 106.9
Fy 345

D kl
For 60 and > Cc ,
t r

12 2 E
Fa =
23(Kl/r )
2

12 2 200,000
=
23(122.93)
2

= 68.15 MPa

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 16 of 22

UNITY CHECK

f a 12.56
a. = = 0.184 <1
Fa 68.15

fa Cm fb
b. + , where : Cm = 1.0 (API Section 6.10.4)
Fa f a
1 ' Fb
Fe
12 2 E 12 2 200,000
Fe' = =
23 (Kl/r ) 23 122.932
2

Fe' = 68.15 MPa

12.56 1 162.73
+ = 0.955 < 1 (I.R 1)
68.15 12.56
1 258.75
68.15

fa f 12.56 162.73
c. + b = + = 0.689 < 1 (I.R 2)
0.6Fy Fb 0.6 345 258.75

f a f b 12.56 162.73
d. + = + = 0.813 < 1 (I.R 3)
Fa Fb 68.15 258.75

RESIDUAL DYNAMIC STRESS

Total Static Stress:

Fs = fa + fb
= 12.56 + 162.73
= 175.29 MPa

Residual Dynamic Stress:

Fres dyn = Fy Fs
= 345 175.29
= 169.71 MPa

Percentage of Residual Dynamic Stress,

169.71
% Fres dyn = 100%
345

= 49.19 %

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 17 of 22

EXERCISE 3

DATA
Skirt Pile
OD = 20 inch = 508 mm
WT = 1 inch = 25.4 mm
20 m I AIR
ID = 18 inch = 457.2 mm
Rfs = 40 m
Fy = 345 MPa
True Batter = 1

20 m II WATER Hammer
Type = MHU 270T + Under water ballast
mh + mub = 513 kN
C.o.G. = 1.970 m

o WEIGHT OF PILE

- Section I (Above water)

mL1 = 0.25 (OD2 ID2) . Rfs . 7850 kg/m3
= 0.25 (0.5082 0.45722) . 20 . 7850
= 6046.034 kg
mL1 = 59.312 kN, C.o.G. from cantilever section = 30 m

- Section II (Under Water)

mL2 = mL1 buoyancy
= 6046.034 . v
[ ]
= 6046.034 1025 0.25(0.508 2 0.4572 2 ) 20
= 5256.583 kg
mL2 = 51.567 kN, C.o.G. from cantilever section = 10 m

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 18 of 22

o CALCULATE LOADS

Mh+mub.sin

Mh+mub.cos
1.97 m COG

Mh+mub
mL1.sin
20 m
Mh+mub
mL1.cos

mL1
mL1
20 m
= 1
mL2.sin

mL2 mL2.cos

mL2

- Bending Moment
[ ]
M = (mh + mub ) (R fs + C.o.G.) sin 1 + (mL1 30 sin 1) + (mL2 10 sin 1)
= [513 (40 + 1.970 ) sin 1] + (59.312 30 sin 1) + (51.567 10 sin 1)
M = 415.815 kNm

Minimum bending moment based on API requirement:

M = 2% (m h + m ub ) R fs
= 2% 513 40
M = 410.40 kNm

Therefore adopt M = 415.815 kNm

- Axial Load
N = (mh + mub + mL1 + mL2) . cos 1
= (513 + 59.312 + 51.567) . cos 1
N = 623.78 kN

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 19 of 22

o CALCULATE ACTUAL STRESSES

- Bending Stress
fb =
M
S
, where : S =
1

32 OD

(
OD 4 ID 4 )
=
1


32 0.508
(
0.5084 0.4572 4 )
S = 0.004426 m3

415.815
fb = = 93948.204 kN/m2
0.004426

f b = 93.948 MPa

- Axial Stress
N 623.78
fa = = = 16198.072 kN/m2
(
A 0.25 0.508 0.4572
2 2
)
f a = 16.198 MPa

o CALCULATE ALLOWABLE STRESS

- Allowable Bending Stress

D 20
= = 20
t 1
D 10,340
<
10,340 t Fy
= 29,97
Fy

therefore,
Fb = 0.75 Fy
= 258.75 MPa

- Allowable Axial Stress

D
= 20 60
t

r=
I
A
, where : I =
1
64
(
0.5084 0.4572 4)
I = 0.001124 m4
A = 0.25 (0.5082 0.45722)
A = 0.0385 m2

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 20 of 22

 0.001124
r= = 0.171 m
0.0385

Kl 2.1 40
= = 491.228
r 0.171
Kl
> Cc
r
2 2 E 2 2 200,000
Cc = = = 106.972
Fy 345

D kl
For 60 and > Cc ,
t r

12 2 E 12 2 200,000
Fa = = = 4.268 MPa
23(Kl/r ) 23 491.2282
2

o CALCULATE UNITY CHECK

f a 16.198
a. = = 3.795 >1
Fa 4.268

fa Cm fb
b. + , Fe' = Fa = 4.268 MPa
Fa f a
1 ' Fb
F
e

16.198 1 93.948
+ = 3.665 >1 (I.R 1)
4.268 16.198
1 258.75
4.268

fa f 16.198 93.948
c. + b = + = 0.441 <1 (I.R 2)
0.6Fy Fb 0.6 345 258.75

f a f b 16.198 93.948
d. + = + = 4.158 >1 (I.R 3)
Fa Fb 4.268 258.75

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 21 of 22

o CALCULATE RESIDUAL DYNAMIC STRESS

Total Static Stress:

Fs = fa + fb
= 16.198 + 93.948
= 110.146 MPa

Residual Dynamic Stress:

Rfdyn = Fy fs
= 345 110.146
= 234.854 MPa (68.074% of Fy)

Static Pile Stick-up Exercise 22 of 22