PHRASE

Ineveryactofwriting,wecannotbeseparatedfromtheuseofagroupofwordsarrangedinsucha
mannerinaccordancewiththerulesofgrammar,calledthesentence.APhraseisagroupofrelatedwords
Thatdoesnotincludeasubjectandverb.Phraseisaseriesofwordsthatalreadycontainsadefinitionora
unityofmeaning,butdonothaveasubjectandpredicateandispartofasentence.Ifthewordsinthe
phraseweareseparated,thenithasadifferentmeaningwhenthewordsareputtogether.

Thereareninegenerallyacceptedclassificationsforphrases.Theseclassificationsaregenerally
basedontheheadwordorconstructionofthephrase.Theheadwordcanusuallystandaloneasa
onewordphrase.Itistheonlypartthatcannotbeomittedfromthephrase.

A.NOUNPHRASE
NounphrasehasahighfrequencyinEnglishtext.Nounphraseornoungroupisdefinedasanounis
modifiedordescribed,explained,describedandlimitedbythewordsthatareinfrontorbehindthenoun.
Nounphrase(NP)hasthephrasefiveelementsnamely,head,complement,attribute,adjunct,specifier)or
justahead.
a.Head:Intidarisuatukalimatatausubject
Example:
Boy
Girl
Student
Teacher

b.Complement:untukmelengkapihead(subject)agarmenjadikalimatyangjelas.
Example:
Thenewsonthegulfwar

Angrywithhissister
Readthetext

c. Attribut: untuk menunjukkan characteristics of a head and diletakkan

beforethehead.
Example:
Allcleaverstudentsofmyclassunderstandthenewtheoriesinthebook.
 d. Adjunct : untuk menunjukkan characteristics of a head and diletakkan
afterthehead.
Example:
Marrywilldefinitellyfinishtheworkcarefully.

e.Specifier:canbeanarticleorgenitivepronoun(a,an,the,my,etc)
Example:
Johnboughtphysicsbook(ungrammatical)
oJohnboughtaphysicsbook
Helosthisdictionary
oHelostdictionary

Forexample
Children(headonly)
Thegirl(specifierandhead)
Thenaughtyboy(specifier,attributeandhead)
Thenewsonthedeathofthefamousartist(specifier,andhead)
Thetallmanwiththickglasses(specifier,attribute,headandadjunct)

ThehandsomeEnglishteacherwithmustache
(specifier,attribute,complement,headandadjunct)

B.VERBPHRASE
Verbphraseisagroupofwordsconsistingoftwowordsormoreandhaveaverb.asthecorewordssaid
herecanbeaV1,Ving,aswellasV3.
Example:
Wewillbeseeingthemagaininthenextoccasion.
Helikegoingtomarket
Theyarealwaysgotothemarket
IamstudyingEnglisheveryday
 Firaismydaughter,shelikedrawanimalandsing.

C.ADJECTIVEPHRASE
Adjectivephraseoranadjective,awordthatservestoexplain,explain,describetheact.Additionally
adjectivephraseisagroupofwordsthathavetwoormorewordsandhasacoreadjectiveasaword.The
typesofadjectivecanbeclassifiedintotwonamely:
1.Rootform:merupakankatasifatbentukasli
Expensive
Happy
Tall
Short
Kind

2.Formattedform:merupakankatasifatpembentukandarikatalain.
Acleverwoman
Iamnervous
Itrytokeephappy.
Iwanttobemoredilligentandmorediscipline.

D.ADVERBPHRASE
Adverboradverbhasmeantoexplainthe"verb","adjective",and"thewholesentence"(thewordasa
whole).Verbphraseoradverbialphraseisagroupofwordsconsistingoftwoormorewords.Inusein
the phrase, adverb phrase frequently encountered in the form of preposition phrases to describe its
function.
1.Heranfastmenerangkanverb
2.Heisverybusymenerangkanadjective
3.Heranveryfastmenerangkanadverb
4.Unfurtnately,hefalldownmenerangkanthewholesentence
 Macammacambentukphrase:
1.Adverboftimeketeranganwaktu,ex:at,on,in,before,after,for,act.
Example:
At6.00thismorning
OnSunday
Injune,1999

2.Adverbofplacemenunjukkanketerangantempat,ex:at,in,on,into,act.
Exaample:
Intheclasroom
Intotheroom
Atthebeach

3. Adverb of manner menerangkan tentang bagaimana suatu aktivitas dilakukan,

Example:
Bytheircar
Onfoot
Veryquickly