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Methods of Analysis
Assistant Professor Suna BOLAT
Ref2: Anant Agarwaland Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007.
MIT OpenCourseWare(http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1
The road so far...
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Nodal & Mesh analysis
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Nodal analysis
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Nodal analysis
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Nodal Analysis
Reference Node
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Apply KCL to each non-
reference node.
I1 I 2 i1 i2 vhigher vlower
i
I 2 i2 i3 R
v1 0
i1 or i1 G1v1
R1
v1 v2
i2 or i2 G2 (v1 v2 )
R2
v2 0
i3 or i3 G3v2
R3
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Substituting element relations into KCL
v1 v1 v2
I1 I 2
R1 R2
v1 v2 v2
I2
R2 R3
I1 I 2 G1v1 G2 (v1 v2 )
I 2 G2 (v1 v2 ) G3v2
G1 G2 G2 v1 I1 I 2
G2 G2 G3 v2 I 2
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Example 3.1
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Example
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Example 3.2
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Reminder: Cramers rule
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Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources
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A circuit with a supernode.
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Supernode
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Example
2v1 v2 20
v1 v2 2
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i1
3v1 22 v1 = 7.33V
i2 3
22 16
v2 +2= = 5.33V
3 3
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Example
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Example (continued...)
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Example (continued...)
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Example (continued...)
Loop2:
Loop3:
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Example (continued...)
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Mesh Analysis
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Mesh Analysis
A nonplanar circuit.
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Mesh Analysis
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Mesh Analysis
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Mesh Analysis
R3i1 ( R2 R3 )i2 V2 27
Mesh Analysis
R1 R3 R3 i1 V1
R3 R2 R3 i2 V2
I1 i1 , I 2 i2 , I 3 i1 i2
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Example 3.5
A circuit Find the branch currents I1, I2, and I3 using mesh
analysis.
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Example 3.5
For mesh 1,
15 5i1 10(i1 i2 ) 10 0
3i1 2i2 1
For mesh 2,
6i2 4i2 10(i2 i1 ) 10 0
i1 2i2 1
We can find i1 and i2 by substitution method or Cramers
rule. Then,
I1 i1 , I 2 i2 , I 3 i1 i2
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Example 3.6
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Example 3.6
For mesh 2,
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Example 3.6
For mesh 3,
4 I 0 12(i3 i1 ) 4(i3 i2 ) 0
At node A, I 0 I1 i2 ,
4(i1 i2 ) 12(i3 i1 ) 4(i3 i2 ) 0
i1 i2 2i3 0
In matrix from:
11 5 6 i1 12
5 19 2 i2 0
1 1 2 i 0
3
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Mesh analysis with current source
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Mesh analysis with current source
Case 2
Current source exists between two meshes, a super-mesh is
obtained.
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Mesh analysis with current source
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Mesh analysis with current source
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Mesh analysis with current source
Properties of a Supermesh
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Nodal & Mesh analysis
In Matrix form:
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In general, if a circuit with independent current sources has N
nonreference nodes, the node-voltage equations can be
written in terms of conductances as:
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In general, if a circuit has N meshes, mesh-current equations
can be expressed in terms of resistances as:
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Example 3.8
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Example 3.8
i1 3, i2 1 2 3, i3 0, i4 2 4 6
0.3 0.2 0 0 v1 3
0.2 1.325 0.125 1 v 3
2
0 0.125 0.5 0.125 v3 0
0 1
0.125 1.625 v4 6
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Example 3.9
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Example 3.9
v1 4, v2 10 4 6,
v3 12 6 6, v4 0, v5 6
The mesh-current equations are:
9 2 2 0 0 i1
2 10 4 1 1 i2 4
6
2 4 9 0 0 i3 6
0 1 3 i4 0
6
0 8
0 1 0 3 4 i5
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Nodal vs mesh analysis
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Summary
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Example 3.13
For the BJT circuit in the figure =150 and VBE = 0.7 V. Find v0.
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Example 3.13
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