Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
1
SELF-PROPELLED
TRANSPORTERS
BEST PRACTICE GUIDE
MODULAR
FOR
PREFACE
2 1
involved with SPMT operations, to recommend best practice SUPPORTING THE BEST PRACTICE GUIDE
and to serve as a baseline starting point for the use of
SPMTs from where the more complex transport engineering This Best Practice Guide for the use of SPMTs is the result of the joined effort
jobs can then go forward. of different global stakeholders in the world of self-propelled modular
transporters. The document has been composed under the guidance of the
Finally I would like to offer my sincere thanks to the members European association of abnormal road transport and mobile cranes (ESTA).
of the working group who had the patience and ability to put
this document together; without them it would never have
happened. Stakeholder Country Type of player
Collett Group Ltd. United Kingdom Operating company
Yours sincerely
Fagioli S.p.a. Italy Operating company
The following stakeholders support this Best Practice Guide and will work
according to the guidelines that are outlined in this document.
BEST PRACTICE GUIDE The list above is subject to change. An up-to-date overview can be found online
FOR on the website of the ESTA (www.estaeurope.eu).
SELF-PROPELLED
MODULAR If you or your company would like to support this Best Practice Guide too and
if you intend to work according to the guidelines as outlined in this document,
TRANSPORTERS please contact the ESTA via info@estaeurope.eu. You or your company/
organisation will then be included in the online overview and will be added to
With special thanks to Max Tack, Wagenborg Nedlift B.V. the list in this document as soon as a new issue is released.
2 3
LEGAL NOTE CONTENTS
This publication is only for guidance and gives an overview Preface 1 7.3 B
ringing a load onto/discharging
a load from the transporter 35
regarding to the assessment of risks related to the use of
Supporting the Best Practice Guide 3 7.4 Moving the transporter 36
Self-Propelled Modular Transporters. It neither claims to
cover every aspect of the matter, nor does it reflect all legal Legal note 4
APPENDICES 37
aspects in detail. It is not meant to, and cannot, replace own Contents 5
knowledge of the pertaining directives, laws and regulations. Appendix 1: Top view SPMT;
Terminology 6 Longitudinal and transverse
Furthermore the specific characteristics of the individual
stability (example) 38
products and the various possible applications have to be 1. The responsibility triangle 7
taken into account. This is why, apart from the assessments 1.1 The different players in the triangle8 Appendix 2: Responsibility matrix 39
1.2 The lines of communication9
and procedures addressed in this Best Practice Guide, many
Appendix 3: Checklists 41
other scenarios may apply. 2. The equipment 10 Checklist A: Route survey checklist 41
2.1 Regional guidelines and regulations 10 Checklist B: Engineering checklist 43
2.2 Design of the equipment 10 Checklist C: Pre-mobilisation
2.3 Capacity of the equipment 11 equipment checklist44
2.4 Maintenance of the equipment 12 Checklist D: Pre-operations checklist46
2.5 Documentation and information to be
provided with the equipment 12 Appendix 4: Competence
assessment form for operators 48
3. The load 13 Part I: From level 0 to level 3 48
3.1 Design of the load 13 Part II: From level 0 to level 3 50
ESTA - Best Practice Guide for Self-Propelled Modular Transporters
7. The transport 32
7.1 The operators 32 L I ST OF TABLES
7.2 Final checks 33 Table 1: Overview of players supporting the BPG......2
4 5
TERMINOLOGY 1. THE RESPONSIBILITY TRIANGLE
ESTA European association of abnormal road transport and mobile cranes Clear definitions of responsibility prevent that certain
aspects of the process to increase the safety and stability of
Load Any object that is transported on an SPMT, including, if applicable,
a transport are ignored. Clear communication ensures that
load-spreading equipment and packaging of the load.
everybody knows what they need to know.
Longitudinal As in the stability of the transporter in the longitudinal direction; the
stability in the forward and backward direction of the transporter, at There are three main stakeholders who play an important role
a steering angle of 0 degrees (see Appendix 1 for clarification). when it comes to the safe execution of a transport. Each of
these stakeholders has their own role and responsibilities.
ESTA - Best Practice Guide for Self-Propelled Modular Transporters
Route The environment through which a transport will travel from any
point A to any point B
MANUFACTURERS CLIENT
6 7
1. THE RESPONSIBILIT Y TRIANGLE 1. THE RESPONSIBILIT Y TRIANGLE
1.1 THE DIFFERENT PLAYERS IN THE TRIANGLE and that a load is transported without problems. The direct (safe)
One of the first steps in assuring that it is possible to safely execution of a transport revolves around these three stakeholders,
execute any transport, is making sure that the right equipment which is the reason why this document focusses on the roles these
is available and that it is clear how the equipment can and stakeholders play and the responsibilities they have.
should be used. Any company or person that manufactures
SPMTs is referred to in this document as the manufacturer. 1.2 THE LINES OF COMMUNICATION
The responsibility triangle not only reflects who the main
The second stakeholder mentioned is the operating company. stakeholders are in the safe execution of a transport, but also
Once the manufacturer has delivered a well-functioning and indicates the lines of responsibility and communication. The
fit-for-purpose self-propelled modular transporter, it becomes two main relationships that can be identified are:
the operating companys responsibility to make sure that they
use the SPMT in the correct way and that all necessary steps The mutual responsibility and communication
are taken to assure that the transport can and will indeed be relationship between the manufacturers and the
executed safely. Any company or person who has access to operating companies. The manufacturers have certain
an SPMT and executes a transport with it is referred to in this responsibilities towards the operating companies and the
document as the operating company. Please be aware that there operating companies have certain responsibilities towards
is a difference between the operator (being the person who the manufacturers.
actually executes the transport) and the operating company
(basically being the company that employs the operator). The mutual responsibility and communication
relationship between the operating companies and
ESTA - Best Practice Guide for Self-Propelled Modular Transporters
8 9
2. THE EQUIPMENT
2. THE EQUIPMENT
10 11
2. THE EQUIPMENT
All related calculations are to be made in line with applicable 3. THE LOAD
European industrial standards (or regional equivalents).
12 13
4. TR AINING
4. TRAINING
Currently there is no widely applicable training program In practice nobody develops competence 4.2 T RAINING FRAMEWORK FOR
available in the world of self-propelled modular in a linear line as sketched in the figure OPERATORS
transporters. Setting up such a program is outside the above. Instead this process is likely to be It is the primary responsibility of the
scope of this Best Practice Guide. Instead this guide offers incremental; it all starts with acquiring operating company to ensure their
operating companies a training framework, providing them some skills, such as basic education. operators are adequately trained to
with a method to assess the competence of their employees Once these skills have been learned, perform their duties. The framework
in an objective way. they can be applied to gain the first described below offers operating
experience. Over time this results in a companies a method to assess whether
4.1 SKILL, EXPERIENCE AND COMPETENCE certain competence level (e.g. level 1). the operator is competent to perform
The training framework is based on the concept of competence. After a while the skill set one has learned specific jobs.
Competence can be considered to be a combination of skills in the initial stage is no longer sufficient
and experience; skills are what one learns through studying or to further develop ones competence 4.2.1 Basic training
any other active pursuit of knowledge. Experience cannot be by gaining more experience. So more Each manufacturer should at least offer
learned, but has to be gained through time by applying ones skills will have to be learned, which can basic training in which operators are
skills in practice. The more skills and experience any person then be applied in order to reach the instructed how to work with an SPMT.
has with respect to any kind of job, the more competent he or next competence level. Increasing ones Training should at least cover:
she can be considered to be. Figure 2 shows how experience competence is a continuous process
and skill combine into competence. of combining skills and experience, as Basic working method of an SPMT
ESTA - Best Practice Guide for Self-Propelled Modular Transporters
Level 5
e
et enc Level 4
Co mp
e
enc
pet
Co m Level 3
Level 2
Level 1
Skill
Skill
Experience Experience
14 15
4. TR AINING 4. TR AINING
16 17
4. TR AINING
18 19
5. ENGINEERING A TR ANSPORT 5. ENGINEERING A TR ANSPORT
engineering has shown that these types of set-ups are 5.2.2 Assumed stability plane level and stroke height
required for a specific transport task. Please note that As shown in Figure 4, the size and position of the
when these types of set-ups are used, only experienced horizontal plane of the stability area is determined by
SPMT engineers (level 2 or higher) and operators (level 3 or the chosen transporter configuration. The actual vertical
higher) are allowed to work on the job. location of the stability area (height, elevation) is at the
height of the turning point, being the centre of the pendulum
5.2.1 The stability plane in a 3- or 4-point axles. By basing all calculations concerning stability on
suspension set-up elevation that is lower than the actual elevation of the
A 3-point suspension set-up will give a triangular stability stability plane, a safety margin is introduced. The ESTA
area, while a 4-point suspension set-up will give a rectangular therefore advises to always calculate with an assumed
stability area. The advantage of a 3-point suspension set-up vertical position of the stability plane at ground level, as
is that this set-up is statically determined, but the stability shown in the figure below.
area will be smaller than the stability area of the statically
undetermined 4-point suspension set-up. It will always With respect to the stroke height, the following aspects need
depend on the specific circumstances under which a transport to be taken into account;
will take place whether it is best to use a 3- or a 4-point
suspension set-up. In the planning phase a maximum of 70% of the total
stroke should be used, leaving 30% for contingencies.
All calculations should be based on the assumption that
the operational stroke is set at mid stroke.
ESTA - Best Practice Guide for Self-Propelled Modular Transporters
20 21
5. ENGINEERING A TR ANSPORT 5. ENGINEERING A TR ANSPORT
5.3 INPUT FOR ENGINEERING 5.3.1 Dimensions, gross weight and COG
Different details are required for the engineering of a transport. As explained in section 3.2 it is the clients responsibility to
The minimum information that is always required is described in always correctly inform the operating company of:
this section.
Gross weight of the load.
Location of the centre of gravity.
Dimensions of the load (including packaging if
applicable).
Allowable point loading forces.
Will the transport be conducted
Location of support points.
YES on one single, solid and steady road NO
or worksite? Location of lashing and securing points.
22 23
5. ENGINEERING A TR ANSPORT 5. ENGINEERING A TR ANSPORT
5.4.1 Required degree of engineering 5.4.3 Second degree engineering and restrictions
The required degree of engineering can be determined on the In case of second degree engineering, the following
basis of the following flow chart. It will be clear that for any additional calculations compared to first degree engineering
complex operation second degree engineering will be required. must be performed:
5.4.2 First degree engineering and restrictions D ynamic forces such as wind, inertia and slopes must
In case of first degree engineering, the following minimum be taken into consideration.
calculations should be performed: Deflection and/or deformation of the transporter
configuration must be taken into consideration.
V erification that the intended transporter configuration Effects and requirements with regard to lashing and
has sufficient capacity for the intended transport. securing must be thought through.
Verification that the intended transporter configuration
provides sufficient stability by means of static stability If second degree engineering is applied, the following
calculations. restrictions must be taken into account:
If first degree engineering is applied, the following T he maximum transporter capacity for calculation
restrictions need to be taken into account: purposes should be set at 90% of the theoretical
maximum capacity as indicated by the manufacturer.
T he maximum transporter capacity for calculation All road cambers or inclinations along the transport
purposes should be set at 75% of the theoretical route should be increased by 2 degrees, so a minimum
ESTA - Best Practice Guide for Self-Propelled Modular Transporters
24 25
5. ENGINEERING A TR ANSPORT
W
ith respect to the part(s) of the route that travel on the
clients site, it is the primary responsibility of the client
to provide adequate route survey information to the
operating company.
It has to be assessed whether any objects or obstacles 6.1.2 Preparation of the work environment
will be in the way of the transporter or the load. For In certain situations the work environment has to be prepared
example, on public roads one has to consider that street before a transport can take place. The exact preparations
furniture, curbs, trees, or power lines may be in the that are required will in general be concluded from the route
way of the transporter and/or the load. In an industrial survey and the engineering process. Depending on contractual
environment one has to consider the presence of objects agreements, it will be the responsibility of the client or the
like pipelines, machinery or air ducts that may be in the way operating company to ensure that the preparations that are
of the transporter and/or the load. required are carried out.
It has to be assessed whether there are any inclines or Possible preparations are;
declines on the route. If there are, then the angles of these
inclines and/or declines need to be measured accurately. R emoval of street furniture and/or other objects that will
or may be in the way of the transporter and the load.
Depending on the ground surface on which the transport Levelling of ground surfaces on/over which the transport
will be conducted, not only the longitudinal inclines or declines will travel.
have to be assessed, but the road camber (transverse Reinforcement of structures and/or parts of the
inclines or declines of a road) has to be measured as well. surfaces over which the transporter will travel.
Before the transport takes place, all activities that take
It has to be assessed what the (maximum) ground- place in the environment through which the transport
bearing pressures and permissible axle load of the surfaces will travel, or are in close proximity to the transport,
ESTA - Best Practice Guide for Self-Propelled Modular Transporters
28 29
6. PREPAR ATION OF A TR ANSPORT 6. PREPAR ATION OF A TR ANSPORT
A ll persons directly involved with the transport. W hich route the transport will 6.2.5 Communication plan
All persons that will or may be present in close travel. If deemed necessary a communication
proximity to the transport. How the load will be loaded on/ plan may be created for a transport.
The load, the transporter and all objects/items that are unloaded from the transporter. A communication plan describes the
in close proximity to the transport. Which transporter configuration responsibilities of the various persons
The (work) environment through which the transport and suspension set-up will be involved, in combination with the lines
will travel/in which the transport will take place. used. of communication agreed upon.
Who will be responsible for the
No transport is without risk. Risks deemed unacceptable transport and how the different 6.2.6 Permits
are to be mitigated by appropriate precautions until they are tasks related to the transport will Depending on where the transport will
deemed acceptable by all parties involved. be divided. take place and through which area the
Which Health, Safety and transport will travel, various permits
6.2.2 Method statement Environmental procedures will may be required. Describing the various
If deemed necessary a method statement may be created for apply. permits that may be required is outside
a transport. Such method statement could include, but is not Any situation-specific measures the scope of the Best Practice Guide.
necessarily limited to: required for the transport to be
executed safely.
H ow the transporter(s) will be (de)mobilised. All general and situation-specific
Which route the transport will travel. risks of the transport.
How the load will be loaded on/unloaded from the Any questions?
ESTA - Best Practice Guide for Self-Propelled Modular Transporters
30 31
7. THE TR ANSPORT
and engineering dont get the transport they can be referred to without the risk
of confusion.
32 33
7. THE TR ANSPORT 7. THE TR ANSPORT
When weather conditions such as rain, fog or snow 7.3.2 Loading a load with a crane
can be expected to restrict the visibility of the operators When placing a load onto an SPMT with a crane,
the transport should not be executed. It is the operating it is advised to have the suspension set to a 4-point
companys responsibility to ensure that a transport is not suspensions set-up. If a 3-point suspension set-up is
executed if weather conditions could jeopardize the safety required for the transport the 4-point suspension should
of the transport. be set before loading and be changed into a 3-point
suspension set-up once loading is finished and before the
No transport should be executed in weather conditions transport proceeds.
that could lead to a slippery road, ground surface or
icy conditions in the working environment, unless the
34 35
7. THE TR ANSPORT
7.4.1 Driving In order to ensure that the deck Appendix 2: Responsibility matrix 39
The preferable driving direction remains horizontal, at least one spirit
is always the by design intended level should be placed within the Appendix 3: Checklists 41
forwards direction. In general this direct line of sight of the operating
direction can be recognised by team, so they can check at all times Appendix 4: Competence assessment form for operators 48
the position of the knee of the whether the deck is horizontal in the
transporter, as shown in Figure 6. transverse direction. Appendix 5: Competence assessment form for engineers 51
Driving Direction
36 37
APPENDIX 1: TOP VIEW SPMT; LONGITUDINAL APPENDIX 2: RESPONSIBILITY MATRIX
AND TRANSVERSE STABILITY (EXAMPLE)
The table below shows the basic way tasks and responsibilities must be divided.
When required, this set-up can be (contractually) deviated from by mutual agreement.
EQUIPMENT
THE LOAD
PREPARATION
Permits - Primary
(mutual agreement)
38 39
Risk assessment - Primary Secondary (input) APPENDIX 3: CHECKLISTS
Method statement - Primary Secondary (input)
On the following pages a number of checklists can be found.
Toolbox talk - Primary Secondary (input)
Checklist A: Route survey checklist
OPERATION
Checklist B: Engineering checklist
Personnel - Primary -
Communication Primary
Checklist C: Pre-mobilisation equipment checklist
- -
Bridges on route
(if yes, note maximum capacity)
Culverts on route
(if yes, note maximum capacity)
40 41
Check/component Yes No N.A. Remarks/values Checklist B: Engineering checklist
OFF-SITE
Relates to: Engineering of the transport
Test transport to be performed
To be checked by: Operating company
When to be checked: Upon completion of engineering
Test transport performed
(note date)
Culverts on route
(if yes, note maximum capacity) ENGINEERING RESULTS
Overhead power lines on route Maximum payload capacity of the trans-
(if yes, note location and height) porter set-up
Note gradients and cambers on route Stability angle longitudinal direction
(Site) Specific attention points (note value, ok if > longitudinal tilt)
ESTA - Best Practice Guide for Self-Propelled Modular Transporters
Signature: ..............................................................................................................
42 43
Check/component Ok Not ok N.A. Remarks/values Check/component Ok Not ok N.A. Remarks/values
ON-SITE POWER PACK(S)
Signature: ..............................................................................................................
SPARE PARTS AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
44 45
CHECKLIST D: PRE-OPERATIONS CHECKLIST Check/component Ok Not ok N.A. Remarks/values
COMMUNICATION, RESPONSIBILITIES, INSTRUCTIONS
Relates to: Operations Lines of communication are clear
To be checked by: Operating company
Responsibilities of various persons are
When to be checked: Before start of operations clear
WORK AREA
Sufficient fuel
46 47
APPENDIX 4: C
OMPETENCE ASSESSMENT Operator fully understands the concepts
Started as operator: -
............ .......................................... - 20. . . . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . . . . . : ................................ CRITERIA TO GO FROM LEVEL 2 TO LEVEL 3
48 49
Part 2: From level 3 to level 5 APPENDIX 5: C
OMPETENCE ASSESSMENT
Operating company: ...................................................................................................................................
FORM FOR ENGINEERS
Operator name: ..................................................................................................................................
Part I: From level 0 to level 3
Started as operator: -
............ .......................................... - 20. . . . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . . . . . : ................................
Operating company: ...................................................................................................................................
Operator has learned to assemble and disas- Fulfilled all entry criteria for level 1
semble different complex transporter configu-
rations and is now fully qualified to do so.
CRITERIA TO GO FROM LEVEL 1 TO LEVEL 2
Operator is capable of taking the lead in
standard jobs, is well aware of all the respon- Engineer has been working as a level 1
sibilities and is able to supervise and clearly engineer for at least 1 year, during which
instruct colleagues. the engineer has worked actively on SPMT
ESTA - Best Practice Guide for Self-Propelled Modular Transporters
Fulfilled all entry criteria for level 4 Engineer has learned about the engineering
framework as described in the ESTA Best
Practice Guide and is qualified to perform all
CRITERIA TO GO FROM LEVEL 4 TO LEVEL 5
required calculations.
Operator has been working as a level 4 ope-
Engineer has learned about dynamic forces
rator for at least 12 months, during which the
and is able to take these into account during
operator has worked actively with SPMTs.
engineering.
Operator is capable of taking the lead in Fulfilled all entry criteria for level 2
complex jobs, is well aware of the various res-
ponsibilities and is fully qualified to supervise
and clearly instruct colleagues.
50 51
Criteria Ok Signed by Date Remarks
CRITERIA TO GO FROM LEVEL 2 TO LEVEL 3
52 53
54
ESTA - Best Practice Guide for Self-Propelled Modular Transporters