ANSWER

1)
(a) Blood is composed of blood plasma and blood cells. The blood cells are erythrocytes,
leucoytes and platelets. Blood plasma is a straw-coloured liquid consisting od 90% water
and 10% dissolved substances. It is slightly alkaline with a pH of 7.4. The substances
dissolved in plasma are mainly proteins, foods, hormones, enzymes, mineral salts and
antibodies.

(b)
(i) The digested foods such as amino acids, glucose, mineral salts, vitamins B and C are
absorbed into the blood capillary. It is transported in the blood plasma to the liver through
the hepatic portal vein, and thence to every living cell in the body.
Fatty acids, glycerol and vitamins A, D, E, K are absorbed into the lacteal of the
vius and transported by the lymphatic system to all parts of the body.
(ii) Oxygen from the alveoli in the lungs diffuses into the blood capillaries. It is carried
by the blood to the heart and thence to every cell in the body. The oxygen combines with
haemoglobin to fom oxyhaemoglobin. In regions of low oxygen concentration, the
oxygen separates from the haemoglobin and passes out the blood capillaries and into the
body cells.

(c) An example of an insect with an open circulatory system is the cockroach.

In this system the blood (haemolymph) which is pumped from the heart goes into
the aorta and thence into the space between the cells known as the haemocoelom.
Through a process of diffusion, the substances that are needed by the cell such as
oxygen and nutrients are supplied directly to the cell.