Experimental Procedure

1. Opened fan and resistance.

2. Waited to coming equilibrium position .
3. Measured input and output temprature by thermocouple.
4. Saved values.

Using materials : Fanned( Stainless steel sheet) , thermocouple , thermometers

and carbon saturated isolated glass,

Theoretical Information
First law of thermodynamics and Heat transfer is needed to make calculations.

There is a great deal of importance in the different engineering applications

where liquids or gases flow in pipelines or channels. A pipe or duct usually
flow provides continuous flow conditions. Control volume, the analysis will be
made of pipes and sections can be selected to coincide with the inner surfaces.

The following considerations should be taken into account when examining the
flow in pipes and ducts.

Q 0 ; Under normal operating conditions, especially if the pipe or duct

is long, heat transfer between the ambient fluid medium can be substantial
extent.
W 0 ; If there is a heating element, fan or pump in the control volume,
the business interactions must be taken into consideration. The fan work is
often small and can be ignored.
The kinetic energy change can be ignored. The velocities in the stream or
channel flow are usually low and the kinetic energy changes are
insignificant.

We can accept the continuous flow open system by the system conditions. The
electrical energy taken by the resistors is converted into thermal energy, which
is transferred by convection to the air passing through the thermal energy wires.
The resistances in the form of incandescent light are transferred from the surface
of the wires to the sheet. The hot air flow in the duct is transferred to the inner
surface of the sheet by convection. Heat is transferred from the sheet metal to
the insulation material, and heat is transferred from the insulation material to the
ambient air by convection.
Since the control volume does not change in the continuous flow open system,
there is no work on the system and the mass flow is constant, we can reduce the
equation ;
Q = m ( h2-h1 )

Calculations
Qinput = 537 W

air =1,178 kg/m3 Area = A = 0,42*0,16 = 0,0672 m2 Vair =1,6 m/s

Mass Flow = m = * V * A = 1,178 * 1,6 * 0,672 = 0,12666 kg/s

Tinput = 26,5 C h1 = 299,68 kj/kg ( at 1 atm)

Toutput = 28,5 C h2 = 301,85 kj/kg

Wnet,output = Q = m ( h2-h1 ) = 0,12666 * (301,85 299,68) * 1000 = 274.85 W

th = ( Wnet,output / Q input ) = 274,85 / 537 = 0,5118 = % 51,18

Conclusion
It is observed that there are losses in the result of the experiment. These losses
depend on many factors. In the formation of pressure losses in the conduit
system channels, the friction in the channel walls, the roughnesses in the
connecting parts, the direction changes and the diameter reductions are
effective.Calculation of pressure losses in ducts; If the material used in duct
construction, air velocity in the duct and channel length are known , It is
possible to find the total pressure loss of the channel network.
Comment
If we want to increase the efficiency, we must increase the heat transfer between
the resistance and the pipe. The maximum cross-sectional channel that can
provide the required channel for this should be used,and if it is possible, A
rectangular cross-section channel should be used to increase the surface area.In
addition , it should be to increase air velocity or to decrease resistance power.

References
1. Yunus Cengel and Boles , Termodinamik Mhendislik Yaklamyla , Gven
Bilimsel , Trkiye , 2008
2. Yunus Cengel , Is Ve Ktle Transferi Pratik Bir Yaklam , Gven Bilimsel ,
Trkiye , 2011