2 Be Be

QDC QDC DB
(width of excavation is typically very large)

HBe HBe

Su H H
H Su H

soft
soft fine-grained
fine-grained soil DB
soil 2 Be

Failure surface

a) Deep deposit of soft fine-grained soil b) Shallow deposit of soft fine-grained soil
underlain by stiff layer

10

Be/Le = 1 (Square Excav.)

9
Be/Le = 0.5 H = Excavation depth
8 Be = Excavation width
Le = Excavation Length
NC 7

6
Be/Le = 0 (Long, rectang. excav.)

4
0 1 2 3 4 5
H/Be
c) Bearing Capacity Factor, NC

3) The correct equation for an active passive state is:

'
K A tan 2 45
2
4) Chapter 5, Section 5.5.3., Fig. 5.13.

To make sure that a reader understands that the Byrne et al. (1998) model
presented in this figure is not a representation of service loads within the nail, the figure
is replaced by the following figure. The text does not need to be modified.

-2-
 Facing Resistance, RF Pullout Resistance, RPO

Tensile Resistance, RT

To

Tmax
Facing T (x)

Nail
x

LP
Slip Surface Calculated
by Limit Equilibrium
5) Chapter 5, Section 5.5.4., Eq. 5.37.

Clarification:
The suggested procedure described by this equation which ends up in a reduction
of the nail force is only applicable when the Ultimate mode is used in the
program SNAIL to avoid excessive conservatism. However, this reduction should
not be applied when the Pre-Factored mode is used.

6) Chapter 5, Section 5.6.3.2, Fig. 5.19, Page 97

The figure is replaced for clarity:

SH
Rebar Mesh or WWM
df = 0.5 hf (Final Facing)
mvm mvn
A
hf = final facing
thickness
avm avn Vertical Rebar
At Nail Head
Vertical Rebar
At Nail Head

Waler Bar
Waler Bar (TYP)

SV ahn mhn WWM

(Temporary Facing)

ahm mhm ht = temporary

facing thickness

dt = 0.5 ht

A
Section A-A

WWM Cross Sectional Area (per unit length)

mvm = Vertical Flexural Resistance (mid-span)
mvn = Vertical Flexural Resistance (nail head) avm = Vertical Flexural Resistance (mid-span)
avn = Vertical Flexural Resistance (nail head)
7) Chapter 6,
mhm = Horizontal Flexural Resistance (mid-span)
mhn = Horizontal Flexural Resistance (nail head) ahm = Horizontal Flexural Resistance (mid-span) Section 6.3,
ahn = Horizontal Flexural Resistance (nail head)
-3-
5.6.4.2 Facing Punching Shear Capacity

As is common for concrete structural slabs subjected to concentrated loads, the nail-head capacity
(Figure 5.21) must be assessed in consideration of the punching shear capacity, RFP, and can be
expressed as:
R FP C P VF (Equation 5.54)
where VF is the punching shear force acting through the facing section and CP is a correction factor
that accounts for the contribution of the support capacity of the soil.
DC

D'C WALER BAR (TYP)

LBP

CONICAL
Shear Resistance
FAILURE RF/2 RF/2
SURFACE

h 45
h/2 (TYP)

To IDEALIZED
SOIL REACTION
DDH

(a) TEMPORARY BEARING-PLATE CONNECTION

DC
D'C
SHS
COMPOSITE
CONICAL
SURFACE

RF/2

LS
45
tP hC
(TYP)

h
h/2

To IDEALIZED
SOIL DEFLECTION

DDH

(b) PERMANENT HEAD-STUDDED CONNECTION

Modified after Byrne et al. (1998).

Figure 5.21: Punching Shear Failure Modes.

101
GEOSYNTEC CONSULTANTS Page 9 of 32
Written by: CAL Date: 11/06/01 Reviewed by: RDE Date: 12/06/01
Client: FHWA Project: GEC#7 Project/Proposal No.: ME0202 Task No: 04

Lower Silty Sand: qU = 150 kPa (21.8 psi)

5. Safety Factors
The safety factors adopted for the project conditions are adopted from Table 5.3 and
are presented in Table D.1 below.

Table D.1: Minimum Safety Factors.

Minimum Factor of Safety
Resisting Component Symbol
Static Loads Seismic Loads
Global Stability (long-term condition) FSG 1.5 1.1
st
Global Stability (1 Excavation Lift) FSG 1.2 NA
Bearing Capacity(1) FSH 3.0 2.3
Sliding Stability (1) FSSL 1.5 1.1

Pullout Resistance FSP 2.0 1.5

Nail Bar Tensile Strength FST 1.8 1.35
Facing Flexure FSFF 1.5 1.1
Facing Punching Shear Failure FSFP 1.5 1.1
Headed-Stud Tensile Failure (A307 Bolt) FSHT 2.0 1.5
Note: (1) Not considered in example.

6. Loads
a. The combination of loads for the project conditions is adopted from AASHTO
(1996) recommendations. Loads due to wind, ice, rib shortening, shrinkage, and
temperature are not present. Only two load groups are considered: basic loads
and seismic loads. However, some of the loads usually considered in these load
groups, including buoyancy, centrifugal force, and live impact load, are absent.
As lateral earth pressures (E) is implicitly considered in conventional soil nail
walls, the resulting load scenarios are as follows:
Load Group I = [D + L]
Load Group VII = [D + EQ]

Where:
D is the dead load;
L is the live load; and

D-9
GEOSYNTEC CONSULTANTS Page 12 of 32
Written by: CAL Date: 11/06/01 Reviewed by: RDE Date: 12/06/01
Client: FHWA Project: GEC#7 Project/Proposal No.: ME0202 Task No: 04

1.5
Friction Angle
(degrees)
27
31
1 35
39
L/H = 0.71

0.5

(a)
0
0.4

0.3

tMAX-S = 0.195
0.2

0.1

Nail forces for FSG = 1.0

(b) = 0.185
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
q aD DH
Normalized Bond Strength, =
SH SV

Figure D.4: Normalized L/H and Tensile Force for = = 0, = 33 .

D-12
GEOSYNTEC CONSULTANTS Page 13 of 32
Written by: CAL Date: 11/06/01 Reviewed by: RDE Date: 12/06/01
Client: FHWA Project: GEC#7 Project/Proposal No.: ME0202 Task No: 04

1 2

0.9 1.8

C1L=0.83
0.8 1.6

C1F=1.47

0.7 1.4

0.6 1.2
C1L
C1F
0.5 1
100 150 200 250 300

Drillhole Diameter, DDH (mm)

Figure D.5: Drillhole Diameter Correction.

B. Non-Uniform Nail Length Pattern

1. The nail length for the non uniform pattern, LTOT NU, is estimated to be 10 percent
larger than the total length of the uniform pattern (Section 6.2), LTOT NU = 1.1 LTOT U

2. Using the normalized lengths ri = Li/L1 from Figure D.3, the total nail length of the
non-uniform pattern is calculated as:
LTOT NU = ri L1 = L1 (3 1+ 2 0.7 + 2 0.5) = 5.4 L1
Where: Li = length of nail i, L1 = length of the upper nail 1, and
L1 =1.1 49 / 5.4 = 10.0 m (32.7 ft),
L2 = L3 = 10.0 m (32.7 ft),
L4 = L5= 0.7 10.0 m = 7.0 m (23 ft), and
L6 = L7 = 0.5 10.0 m = 5.0 m (16.4 ft).

C. Nail Maximum Tensile Force

1. Read normalized maximum design nail force, tmax-s, from charts in Appendix B
(reproduced as Figure D.4).

D-13