Ultra-Wideband Waveform Tutorial

Svein-Erik Hamran
May 2009

What is UWB?

Definition
Fractional Bandwidth: FB > 0.25 or BW > 500MHz
Where

Example fL=1GHz and fH=3GHz gives FB = 1

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Resolution Bandwidth FB = 20%

Resolution Bandwidth FB = 100%

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Range Resolution

Radiation level
Allowable level of a signal dBm
m

3.1 10.6
1.99

Medical systems
Band of Ground penetrating radar
the GPS General restriction

0.96 1.61

Frequency GHz

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UWB waveforms

UWB signals is very often several GHz wide

Difficult to collect all the spectrum all the time.

All UWB waveforms has a way to reduce sampling speed

Impulse Radar

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Sequential Sampling Receiver

Dual Ramp Timing Circuit

clock

fast slow
ramp ramp

comparator

sampling pulse

5
Single Bit Receiver

Block diagram of a noise radar

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Analog correlation receiver

NOISE COUPLER TX-

SOURCE antenna

DELAY LINE

RX-
antenna
MIXER

LOW-PASS
FILTER

RESPONSE

Range response

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Digital correlation receiver

NOISE COUPLER TX-

SOURCE antenna

RX-
antenna

LOW-PASS
FILTER

ADC ADC

DIGITAL CORRELATION

RESPONSE

Multi vs. One bit ADC

Sign bit i.e. 1 if s(t)>=0 and -1 if s(t)<0

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 3-reflectors Multi-bit ADC

3-Reflectors

Multi bit 1-bit

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3 Reflectors One bit ADC

Pulse Train Spectrum

10
Step-frequency radar

frequency

B SFCW

time

Step Frequency Waveform

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 FMCW

Chirp radar
Amplitude frequuency frequency frrequency

Transmit Echo from 3 targets

Transmit
and receive

time
Local
oscillator
output

time
Mixer
output
t t

time
Range
response

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