CHAPTER 1 TEACHERS AND STUDENTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE

What is OBE?

OBE is a process of curriculum design teaching learning assessment that focuses on

what student really taught.

(1993) identified four basic principles of OBE:

1. Clarity of focus about outcomes Learners are certain about their goals and are
always given significant culminating exit outcomes.

2. Designing backwards using the major learning outcomes as focus and linking
all planning, teaching and assessment decision directly to these outcomes.

3. Consistent high expectation of success -helping students to succeed by providing

them encouragement.

4. Expanded opportunity developing Curriculum that allows every learner to

progress in his/her own pace and that caters to that individual .

How to Adopt OBE?

Teachers of early generation 21st century

1. Learner-Centered Classroom and Personalized Instructions
As students have access to any information possible, there certainly is no need to "spoon-feed"
the knowledge or teach "one-size fits all" content. As students have different personalities, goals,
and needs, offering personalized instructions is not just possible but also desirable.
2. Students as Producers
Today's students have the latest and greatest tools, yet, the usage in many cases barely goes
beyond communicating with family and friends via chat, text, or calls. Even though students are
now viewed as digital natives, many are far from producing any digital content.

3. Learn New Technologies

In order to be able to offer students choices, having one's own hands-on experience and expertise
will be useful. Since technology keeps developing, learning a tool once and for all is not a
option.
4. Go Global
Today's tools make it possible to learn about other countries and people first hand. Of course,
textbooks are still sufficient, yet, there is nothing like learning languages, cultures, and
communication skills from actually talking to people from other parts of the world.
5. Be Smart and Use Smart Phones
Once again -- when students are encouraged to view their devices as valuable tools that support
knowledge (rather than distractions), they start using them as such.
6. Blog
I have written on the importance of both student and teacher blogging. Even my beginners of
English could see the value of writing for real audience and establishing their digital presence.
7. Go Digital
Another important attribute is to go paperless -- organizing teaching resources and activities on
one's own website and integrating technology bring students learning experience to a different
level.
8. Collaborate
Technology allows collaboration between teachers & students. Creating digital resources,
presentations, and projects together with other educators and students will make classroom
activities resemble the real world. Collaboration should go beyond sharing documents via e-mail
or creating PowerPoint presentations
9. Use Twitter Chat
Participating in Twitter chat is the cheapest and most efficient way to organize one's own PD,
share research and ideas, and stay current with issues and updates in the field.
10. Connect
Connect with like-minded individuals. Again, today's tools allow us to connect anyone,
anywhere, anytime. Have a question for an expert or colleague? Simply connect via social
media: follow, join, ask, or tell!
11. Project-Based LearninAs today's students have an access to authentic resources on the web,
experts anywhere in the world, and peers learning the same subject somewhere else, teaching
with textbooks is very "20th-century" (when the previously listed option were not available).

12. Build Your Positive Digital Footprin

It might sound obvious, but it is for today's teachers to model how to appropriately use social
media, how to produce and publish valuable content, and how to create sharable resources.
13. Code
While this one might sound complicated, coding is nothing but today's literacy. As a pencil or
pen were "the tools" of the 20th-century, making it impossible to picture a teacher not capable to
operate with it, today's teacher must be able to operate with today's pen and pencil, i.e.,
computers.
14. Innovate
I invite you to expand your teaching toolbox and try new ways you have not tried before, such as
teaching with social media or replacing textbooks with web resources.
15. Keep Learning
As new ways and new technology keep emerging, learning and adapting is essential. The good
news is: it's fun, and even 20 min a day will take you a long way!
Chapter 2
TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING AND LEARNING
Digital technology have become commonly used in schools since the early 1980s, levels of
technology integration in education vary across countries, districts, schools and classrooms.

International society for technology education (ISTE)

Visionary leadership is closely related to the transformational leadership style. The major
difference is between the two involves the focus on the future.
Digital age learning culture- Educational administrators lead and creating promoting.
Excellence in professional practice - educational administrators ensure healthy and professional
growth and integration among educators to help student in learning .
Systematic improvement educational administrators also extend the leadership in the
improvement of the department.
ISTE Standard for students these is when the s teacher state not only support education
technologies , but they design, create ,implement and promote, and model the use of technology.
Facilitate to inspire student learning and creativity this is ehen teacher inspired student to be
creative and innovative thinkers .
ISTE for standards for the students
This is when improving and developing and improving of skills of their goal in learning
example are creativity and innovation , communication and collaboration ,research and
information fluency and many more.
TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEGDE ( TPACK) AND
TEACHNOLOGY INTEGRATION PLANNING (TIP)
TECHPACK is a framework that integrates technology in education .
CONTENT KNOWLGE (CK)
Teachers knowledge about the subject matter.
Pedagogical knowledge
This involves teacher deep knowledge
Technology knowledge this is when definition is update.
Technological content knowledge (TPK)
Understanding of how to teach and learning can change when a particular technologies are used.

CHAPTER 3
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AND MEDIA LITERACY
This involves digital technology tools that support on learning like foe example Media is the
plural or medium the use of radio, phone , web , TV , and some instrument WHILE
MULTIMEDIA is a combination of 2 or more media in computer for example graphics audio
sound etc.
The impact of digital media application in education
Ears ..20%
Eyes ..30%
Ears and Eyes ...50%
Write..70%
Information.90%
CHAPTER 4
THE ICT AND THE COMPUTERS ITS ROLES AND HISTORY

The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th century English mathematics
professor name Charles Babbage. He designed the Analytical Engine and it was this design that
the basic framework of the computers of today are based on. ... It was called the Atanasoff-
Berry Computer (ABC)
Roles of ICT in Education
It s can serve multiple teaching function ICT can be used in drill and practice like in different
teaching and l and Learning Modes.
Evolution on ICT in Education
ICT is created an enormous growth over the past years in filled of education it has changed
many aspects in teaching and Learning process as it affect the educational system.

CHAPTER 5
SOFTWARE FOR EDUCATORS AND STUDENTS
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
System software consists of programs that control operations of the computer devices example
are Microsoft windows computer software dictionary and etc , while Applications software
(also called end-user programs) include such things as database programs, word processors, Web
browsers and spreadsheets.

THE DIFFERENT OPERATING SYSTEM

The two different Operating systems are stand alone operating system that works on
desktop computer, or mobile computing device while Embedded operating is a kind of
operating system resides in a internal chip.
Purposes of Application Software:
As productivity / business.
Create graphics and multimedia projects
Support school and professional activity
Help individuals with home and personal activities
Facilitate communication
Types of software Used in School
There are several Educational activities being done in school s in which application
software are great help in accomplishing the activities like tutorial software, drill and
practice software, simulations, instructional games etc.
CHAPTER 6
INSTRUCTIONAL SOFTWARE FOR CLASSROOM USE
Instructional software for classroom use are the control over the drill and practice
this is answering the questions or problems are given time limit however a good drill and
practice software can gives user enough time to think.
The benefits in instructional software are immediate feedback Motivation Saving Teacher
time etc.

Limitations and problems

Perceive Misuse some teacher make use of the drill- and practice as part of the lesson
introduction while Criticism to teaching people consider this drill- and practice as an
outmode approach to teaching for this contradicts that aim of retracted curriculum.
Benefits
Games are more interested than traditional instruction
Retention of information
Assist the teacher to get the student to focus on the topic
Limitations and Problems
This is when the student may not get actual quality learning in real experiment are not substitute
virtual labs etc.
Problem- Solving Software
Benefits
The benefits in Promoting Problem-Solving software are it promotes visualization in
mathematics, foster better understanding and etc.
CHAPTER 7
EVALUATING EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY: EVAULUATING IN THE CLASSROOM
USE
Evaluation is a important part of any process or any item consumed by an individual to know
how well it works whether it is effective or not .
Evaluating before instruction
It is important in evaluating before acquisition or using before educational technology too and
software , the teacher should be asking her/himself that it will match the needs of the
curriculum it will be appropriate for the teaching and learning situation or it is appropriate to
their age .
Evaluating during the instruction is important the teacher should continue to observe and assess
the effectiveness of educational technology.
Evaluating software programs is particularly the instruction software to be used in class is
likewise important to evaluate like for example the content Documentation and Technical
support ability level etc

Chapter 8 Legal and Ethical use of Technology

Legal and Ethical use of Technology use technology is when we young, our parents used
to teach us the right behavior and etiquette.
There are some ethical issues in technology and software like unauthorized Access and sue of
hardware and software network , hardware vandalism ,software theft, information theft and
Malicious Acts of software .
The following acts malicious acts are commonly experience in emails , Cellphone ,instant or
text messages devices like spam phishing ,malware and adware.
Acceptable and unacceptable Uses of school technology
Acceptable use of technology example abiding the policies being polite in using appropriate
language while example of unacceptable are altering software by deleting files downloading
programs etc.
Chapter 9
Alternative Delivery System
Alternative delivery systems are management systems used in Inclusion classrooms
that provide support for students and maximize learning while being presented with the
core curriculum.
Example of Alternative Delivery System are Broadcast radio ATM , post terminal mobile
banking and etc.
The advantages
1. most accessible medium in terms of geographical reach.
2. Cost of radio in relatively low
3.it help people in rural areas be literate in ABCs and 234s of lite
The disadvantages
1. people in rural areas may experience in purchasing radio and having it repaired
2. poor reception may bring poor delivery
3. Broadcast schedules may bring inconvenience to students for pace and time is beyond
control
4. Learning without visual are difficult
5. Interaction between learner is limited
audio teleconference is used by teacher and students to transmit course network at a
distance .
there are may types of audio teleconference like video conferencing characteristic of video
conference that support on learning like teacher and students are connected , students developing
their probing skills by points of questioning and etc.
Chapter 10 THE COMPOMNENTS OF THE INTERNET AND THE USE WORLD WIDE
WEB

WORLD WIDE WEB -an information system on the Internet that allows documents to be
connected to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for
information by moving from one document to another.

Internet- a global computer network providing a variety of information and

communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized
communication protocols.

Internet Work- The information used to get packets to their destinations are contained in
routing tables kept by each router connected to the Internet.

Internet Service provider-is An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that

provides services for accessing and using the
Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as
commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.
Chapter 11 ROLES OF INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WIBE IN EDUCATION
 The internet has introduced a lot of developments especially on how student and teacher
communicate and communicate and connect each other like example discussion board/forum in
education, blog ,Wikis Mailing list to listen tweets etc.
Creating a Webpage their must be publishing on the web ,chat Chatiquette instant messaging ,
text messaging etc.
CHAPTER 12 WEB TOOLS AND RESOURCES
Their are many example of web tools and resources like

web 1.0 ( read only )

Web 2.0 (Read and write)

Teaching tools
A. 3D projects
B. Animation and comic strip
C. Audio editing tools
D. Bookmarking And Online Collaboration
E. Blogging
f. Classroom innovation
H. games quizzes and education activities
I.Instructional video and video sharing
J. Mind mapping
K.Online Storage Shairing
L. photo Editing Tools
M. Presentation tools and slide
N. Social networking
O. Tag (Word) Clouds
P. Timelines
Q. Video Editing Tools
Web 3.0 (The semantic Web )
is considered semantic web age according to Tim Berners Lee
Web 4.0 (Mobile Web)
Web 4.0 Connects all devices in the real and virtual world in real time.

Web 5.0 Opened, Linked and intelligent Web = Emotional Web

Web 5.0 is about (emotional ) interaction between Humans and computers.
Categories of Web resources
1. Online tutorials
2. instructional resources
3. Primary resources