Inglés - IV° Medio PDF

TEXTO DEL ESTUDIANTE
Jolanta Polk
Jolanta PolkReyes
Reyes
EDICIN ESPECIAL PARA EL MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIN

PROHIBIDA SU COMERCIALIZACIN
Ingls
TEXTO DEL ESTUDIANTE
Jolanta Polk Reyes
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GET TO KNOW YOUR BOOK and spea
iviti
king act es are record
ed.
g
nin
Welcome to Global English 4 Medio. This book will be your guide, and hopefully
Liste
your friend for the next school year. Enjoy it!
UNIT 4 YOUNG ART

HOW READY ARE YOU FOR THIS UNIT?
1 Match the descriptions (a - e) with the pictures (1 5). 6 pts.
a. Circle - a perfectly round shape.
b. Hexagon - a geometric shape with six sides.
c. Oval - a round, flattened shape.
d. Rectangle - a geometric shape with four sides that are at right angles to each other.
Lis
ten er.
e. Triangle - a geometric shape with three sides.
to the CD with your teach

1 2 3 4 5
2 What shapes are these instruments? 4 pts.
Examine your book and answer these questions.

1 2 3 4
In this unit you will learn to:

READING: locate and classify specific information.
You will also learn:
GRAMMAR: the Past Perfect tense (affirmative, negative and
3 Classify the words in the box under the corresponding category. 6 pts. 1. How many units are there?
interrogative). People Instruments Styles
LISTENING: identify speakers, find specific information.
ORAL PRODUCTION: talk about art forms and preferences.
WRITTEN PRODUCTION: write an article on art.
FUNCTIONS: express likes and preferences.
VOCABULARY: words related to art forms such as music,
painting, sculpture, and others.
accordion arranger ballad cellist classical composer country disc jockey

2. What is there at the beginning of each unit?
You will use the following text types: drums flute gospel jazz piano recorder reggae singer trumpet vocalist
READING: an article.
LISTENING: a conversation.
Your score:
0 4: Look up the words in a dictionary or ask your teacher to help you.
5 10: Well done, but you could improve your vocabulary looking up some words.
3. How are the units divided? What sections can you find?
You will pay special attention to these values 11 16: Great job. You are ready to start the lesson.
Paying attention to, respecting and creating art in different forms.
4. What are the titles of the units?
Instruments: accordion, drums, flute, piano, recorder, trumpet. Styles: ballad, classical, country, gospel, jazz, reggae.
a circle. 3 The harp is a triangle. 4 The keyboard is a rectangle. 3. People: cellist, composer, disc jockey, singer, vocalist.
1. a. - Picture 3. b. - Picture 2. c. - Picture 1. d. - Picture 5. e. - Picture 4. 2. 1 The violin is an oval. 2 The tambourine is
HYPERTEXT: digital resources and activities HYPERTEXT: digital resources and activities
5. What can you find at the end of the book?

66 67
READING
ITI NG
LO VE IN WR
14 Use the linking expressions in the Learning Tip on page 52 to join these
sentences into one.
1
on ording
to
L ess (a d) acc
a. He is not an expert. He knows a lot about biotechnology.
READ tences b. It is safe to do experiments. We follow specific safety measures.
agree / te the sen ng the
BEFORE YOU Which one(s
) do you most comple in blue (i - iv) usi 16 pts. c. We still need other sources of energy. We reduce the use of fossil fuels.
your group. story and ces
Learning abilit
ies
quotations in Read this rite the senten
1 Talk about these Arnay 15 MINITEST The n re-w hed 15 MINITEST Finish these sentences using the Subjunctive.
s. Why? ities. Janos text.
the con ding reporting
ver bs. I approac 8 pts.
1. To express opinion disagree with? there are no impossibil ning pretty girl. e, I said.
tion and s and in love . Robe rt Brow one. correspon n I saw this ly nam a. It is urgent _______________. c. It is a bad idea ______________.
2. To match informa a. In dream earth is a tomb two hearts that beat as beach whe (i.) You have a love that
love, and our thought and down the and replied b. It is a good idea ___________. d. It is recommended ___________.
visuals. b. Take away walking __. Carla! back at me
l attitudes. souls with a single mer. I was ed (a.)______ nd. She looked
3. To express persona c. Love is two Smith ed last sum
answer year rou
g of words. / To s. Alexander Allen This happen d her name. She d there all too. I added. _____.
John Keats ourselves in other one must love. Woody that (c.)___ zed by
1 3 6
4. To find meanin discovery of if she live
her and aske and asked her Benton City
REVISE AGAIN to 2 GOOD JOB! to 5 EXCELLENT! to 8
make predictions. d. Love is the ring I told her ama
suffe r, and to avoid suffe wed her (ii.) Im from ol I went to. aimed. I was also I couldnt
to 5) at! scho
e. To love is pictures (1 I follo
_____.
Gre d me whi
ch she excl Now
_____. was laughing.
and / or in the (b.)___ and aske school, too. (d.)___
ments (a h) ange opinions relaxed now friend goes to that answered that and saw that she 16 Play Noughts and Crosses with a partner using the subjects below (a d).
ns in the state feelings? Exch ed more e joke.
2 Which of the actio use to express their romantic
boy name. She at our littl
She seem cidence! (iii.) My her again Use the Internet or the library if necessary.
boyfriends uted. I looked at together, laughing
The AFTER YOU READ

lly coin
do people usua What a nce and asked her I sho ch
rge too! n the bea 11 a. Game 1 - inventors c. Game 3 - strange inventions
in your grou
p.
le. the coincide My name is Geo d and we ran dow to 16 b. Game 2 - biotechnology d. Game 4 - useful inventions
LLENT!
us of other peop radio. believe it. (iv.)
I took her han 5 EXCE
that... a. Being jealo on the hing too. to 10
Did you know g love songs , etc. music. I was laug 0 D JOB!
GOO dont
b. Dedicatin olates, rings to 4
example,
ing to romantic
section includes an
a repetition flowers, choc IN
a quotation is words of c. Giving gifts: candle-lit dinners and danc
REVISE AGA ns. For .17
or copy of the usually to contractio st be is not, etc tenAPPLICATION se
TASK SPEAKING
d. Going out not use isnt mu PastYou are going to discuss an issue in your group.
another perso n,
hands. one. ITING iii. Do do not, ses. The , Example: Its essential that we pay attention to
origin of the e. Holding ated to the loved with other people. SK WR c article. must be riate ten n completed
showing the a blog dedic N TA scie ntifi app rop bee a. t Choose one person to take notes. the risks.
APPLICATION TASK
f. Making a
source? The
sentences one spend time words. 16 APPLICA
TIO to write ng in the
iv. Use ect work that has icate permanen
are all g. Not lettin
g the loved
using romantic are going currently studyi refl ind
b. Read what Dr. OHanlon said about safety in g. Ask the note-taker to read his / her notes aloud;
in Exercise 1 love notes and group, you are ss. For to
sent ten
se to biotechnology: Its imperative that scientists add, check, correct and then choose a person to
t do you h. Sending In your ject you chemistry cla h others
quotations. Whaof them? ose a sub sics, or ng the
cell, the Pre , etc.
check eac take care when doing their experiments in safe be the presenter of the groups conclusions.
notice about
all a. Cho logy, phy tly studyi processes as a group;
your bio you are curren cell, such as the . the arti
cle laboratory
ren ces environments. h. Join another group and compare conclusions.
to help you to develop

if of g. the refe
example, specific type cells, etc f. Write ar and spellin provide c. Discuss why it is important that we take care i. Ask your teacher to listen to the presentations
one the gland group gramm article,
l
mple: Celwhen doing experiments in a laboratory. Talk
choose od cell, ong the ing, of your For exa and correct errors and pronunciation.
cel l, the blo ks am , age the end cle on. ar.e du
nerve ch tas uction g. At r arti lom about possible dangers and their consequences. j. Use these points to evaluate your performance.
trib ute resear the cell, reprod you based you http://anthro.pa your work. Say
Dis - te d. List the equipment that helps to prevent accidents Say Yes or No.
b. : parts of ion lua
reproduct se points to eva
your writing skills and
be
2 members points to ineda.lab (goggles, fire extinguishers, etc.) ions.
a list of the requir ions offered in the instruct
etc. develop h. Follow No. ation wereabout actions that should not be done in We followed the suggest them for the presentation.
1
about and Yes or inform whate.weTalk
.
c. Think ed in the article uld like to giv chy
e the and the any laboratory. Use the subjunctive. We wrote our ideas
to use
the topic tasks and did on grammar, vocabulary
and
lud wo e cat d Its a bad idea that students eat or drink We corrected each others
the AFTER YOU LISTEN

inc you hav alysed earch d agExample:
ree
what title s do not We an ided the res icle an in the laboratory, while doing experiments.
d. Think . Scientific article ative ones. of the
art pronunc iation. the lesson.
2 s when We div d to do. lesson. that should be done in the laboratory. es and ideas from
Lesson ucture
article rm
DARK FANTAS rather info ant suggestion f. List theactions We used words, structur
expecte ssed the str rnt in
Y LISTENING
titles, but
sider the
se import to We dis e.
cu es lea
structur and punctua
tion.
e. Con cle. briefly and s and
section includes an
5 your arti e. Write the titl expression cted errors 18 Answer and discuss these questions in your group.
BEFORE YOU writing ar and concis ed rre
LISTEN i. Be cle nt. ific We us ecked and co
4
poi olo gy. Scient sions. ch a. What does a biotechnologist do? What subjects must you study if you
1 What ns. the termin expres We
3 the best optio the right loquial want to become one?
nal (love lms ? Tick ()
do all the )filetter
in the pictur ii. Use s do not use col
APPLICATION TASK to
a perso
finishaltern atives given. ___ Love you es and XXXX
have in common? Choos b. Can you name at least four areas in which biotechnology is important?
3 How would you article
a subjec e. of you e from the up. c. What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of
wishes, a.
NormThe ___ Thinking
t is f.fantas Dr. B. Adams your gro
a. ___ Best They are / wereg. ___y.Yours sincerely,
b. , Fred stions in biotechnology in connection with food?
yours
b. ___ For ever ds
d. They are
Benjamin Jone
s for
films these que rnt?
e you lea ntific article? lives?
TheyPatric
c. from are
k all bestsellers.
Yours truly,e. They have histor
young people.
r and discuss ms hav d. If you could choose the sex or any other physical characteristics of your
regar all based ___
h. on books 17 Answe ntific ter cs of a scie e in our
c. ___ Kind
help you to develop your

ical characters. child, would you do it? Why? Why not?
of love, Julia
. f. They were new scie in characteristi importanc mals?
d. ___ Lots written by British writer a. What ma and its t ani h
s. are the of science k extinc ich are fed wit feeding
b. What your opinion ut bringing bac wh tha t Goggles : (noun) a pair of glasses that fit closely to the face to protect the eyes from the wind, dust, snow, etc.
is osaurs ces of
c. What think abo ic park with din sequen 99activities
do you ass the con NCE
SCIEresources
d. What you visit a Jur What would be HYPERTEXT: digital and TECHNOLOGY
speaking skills.
UNIT 1 57
8 Wo uld cow s?
e. ds of live
hundre
1 system?
2 activities
3 urces and
4 : digital reso
Learning abiliti
es
5 HYPERTEXT
2 Answ 6
1. To connect pictures er these quest
and ions about the
content. a. What is the films in your group
plot of each of .
2. To connect content b. Who are the them?
and main characters
previous knowledge. and actors?
3. To identify cognates 3 17 Listen
. / To and repeat these
relate written and spoken sound similar in words associated
version of words. / To Spanish? What with film-making.
practise in the dictionary. do they mean? Which ones
pronunciation. / To find Find the mean
ing of the rest
meaning of words.
4. To classify informat
ion.
5. To make predictio cameraman cast
ns. actor adaptation animation
opinion of the products.
extra location 3 Complete these sentences with your most useless.
JUST FOR FUN

costume director _______________ is the
a. I think __________________ quite useful.
_______________ can be ________ .
stunt b. I think __________________ myself because _________
sequel soundtrack __________________ for
screenplay c. I would buy __________________ _______ because_________.
producer
_________ _________ ________ for my friend
they advertise are real? d. I would buy
4 Classify think that the products aspects.
the words in Exercise 3 under
1 Look at the pictures (1 6). Do you and design a publicity campaign for it. Consider the following
the correct headi 4 In pairs, choose one of the products billboards ).
ng. (TV, radio, newspape rs,
People in films a. Where to advertise it
Film-making process target audience.
b. Who would be your
would be the slogan you would use.
c. What
teen can do without it!
Example: Essential no ets, by catalogue, etc.).
it (department stores, supermark
d. Where you would sell
5 Which words
and expressions from
find in an interv
iew with the autho Exercises 3 and 4 would you
expect
Each unit has an

films have been r of books about
based? vampires on which to
UNIT 2 two 3
34 2
CHILEAN CONNECTION
1
Use the Internet or books

find out the meaning of
from the library to
the three names of
additional part called
There are two lessons in each unit, JUST FOR FUN,
in the text.
the bacteria mentioned
one based on a reading text, and which includes a

economy
6 export and that the countrys
5 is the most important Chilean copper ore has changed
4 Everyone knows that copper y to get pure copper from
recent times, the technolog
largely depends on it. In on biotechnology.
called bioleaching, is based
specific CHILEAN
substantially. The new process,
one based on a listening text.

existed live
the pictures (1 6). on this planet, there already
(a f) and match them with the human species appeared of bacteria known as
Millions of years before are a group
2 Read the descriptions of the products it is raining, it keeps the
rain off your face. metal from rock. These between
the sun off your head. When organisms capable of extracting harvest energy through simple chemical reactions
a. When it is sunny, it keeps not wearing it. chemoautotrophs (live entities
that are truly living fossils
up neatly when you are These micro organisms
as iron, copper and sulphur).
CONNECTION. They
It is easy to use and folds long piece and put inorganic compounds such Earths crust, including
want. You can tear off a are found in almost all the
can remove it any time you as a form of life, as they
They are divided into: b. It is temporary and you leg, shoulder or... well, anywhere. and are extremely successful organism can survive.
or a small piece for your
Easy to use, where no other type of
it around your entire arm, and rub away your tensions. places with extreme conditions ed Codelco, are on three
tiny bacteria
can soothe your tired muscles Chilean copper producer,
the state-own
feed on nutrients in
c. Any time you want, you The eyes of the biggest y and Yagn. The bacteria
are for you to enjoy

it runs on long-life batteries. to the magic s names: Weneln, Licananta collected in a solution.
Here is the answer! Thanks identified by their indigenou the metal, which is then
tree can make on your carpet? beautiful tree so fresh
you can the sterile material from which uses a
d. Tired of the mess a real
BEFORE YOU READ / LISTEN

the mineral, separating ly than the traditional method,
TV screen will display a life-like and more environment-friend
of digital technology, your g is much cleaner Besides, bioleachin g produces less air
Bioleachin the ore.
practically smell it. is even easier. Just push to extract the metal from there naturally.
and learn new things

chocolate? Well, now it powerful poison called cyanide s, since the bacteria occur
than preparing a glass of to geological formation (n.d.) Retrieved April 24, 2012,
e. What can be simpler for you. pollution and little damage Adapted from: What is Bioleaching?
Moo Mixer will do the work oleaching
the button and the Moo and you will really -matters/what-bi
from: http://www.innovateus.net/earth
order a pair of Moon Boots
moon? You can now. Just
WHILE YOU READ / LISTEN

into space!
f. Want to feel over the satellite. No need to travel
on the surface of our only
believe you are walking : (adj.) living, not dead.
independently.
which metal can be obtained. Live
Ore : (noun) rock, earth, etc. from TECHNOLOGY 61
AFTER YOU READ / LISTEN 60

UNIT 3
2
Examine the icons below. What do they mean? What kind of activity do
CONSOLIDATION ACTIVITIES they represent?
each
four adjectives from the box to describe
1 Complete the diagrams below. In groups or pairs, choose painting with
rap with other types of music and iPhone
central idea. Write four sentences comparing like ______ more than
such as I prefer ______ to ______, I
other forms of painting. Use expressions etc.
______ is more interesting than ______,
______, ______ is better than ______,
happy
disappointing expressive futuristic
African appealing boring colourful
mysterious original popular
incomprehensible loud modern multi-cultural
________
________ Rap music ________

READING LISTENING
________
The tasks will help you to develop The tasks will help you to develop
a. Rap is more appealing than pop
because it talks about everyday things.
b. ____________________________________
____________________________________
_____.
strategies to improve your understanding strategies to improve your understanding
of written texts. of spoken messages.
_____.
____________________________________
c. ____________________________________ _____.
____________ ____________ ____________________________________
d. ____________
________
These attractive and
________ iPhone art ________ entertaining activities
________
will motivate you to
a. ____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
_____.
_____.
study and put into
practice what you
b. ____________________________________ _____.
Learning abilities
____________________________________
c. ____________________________________
Did you know that...

_____.
____________________________________
d. ____________________________________
82
UNIT 4
HYPERTEXT: digital resources and activities
are learning.
You will be informed of which This section provides additional
abilities you will develop through the information on the main topic of the
different activities in each section of lesson or on some of the activities.
the lesson.
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

READING THREE LOVE LETTERS
I
Dear Brad,
I &know weve &been &busy &lately with &school,
&tests and what not. I wanted &to &send you
&this &letter &to &let you &know &that Im &thinking
Dear Krissy, American v/s British English
Learning tip
I sit here in sorrow, wishing I could
hold you.
of you and &love you very much. Im very Ive realised that Ive tried to replace
you
over and over since I made (ii.) ______
&lucky &to &have &such a wonderful &boyfriend ___________, but no one
and I wanted &to &say &thank you &for me laugh and smile like you do. You
can make
changing my &life. You make my &life complete only one that ever made me so
are the
happy; no
and (&i.) ________________________________ one could ever take your place.
I feel as if
___ a million &times. You make me &laugh and my soul has stolen my heart and
left me to
I
&sometimes &so &hard I cry. For all of &that, cry myself to sleep each and every
night
with guilt in my heart of how I hurt
want &to &say &thank you. guess you just dont realise what
you. I
you have
I cant wait &until our work &schedules change until its gone; I was so stupid to
This is an additional tool to make

leave you!
&and we can &spend more &time &together. I know sorry is just a word, but for
This section will help you to notice

what its
worth I am very, very sorry and
Love always, Jessica I ask you to
please forgive me!
Love forever,
Brian II
differences between these two learning more accessible and
Dear Marco,
We can never &be &together. Why? Because we
are &just &friends, (&iii.) ____________________
1 Read the three letters. What type of letter is
each one? 3 pts.
varieties of English. contents easier to understand.
_____________________ &that. You &said &that
&being with me was very &special &for you and
&that you &really &respect our &friendship.
a. A letter of apology - Letter
b. A love confession - Letter
c. A thank you letter - Letter
These tests at the end
I &love you and &if you have not &seen &that
now, &then you are &blind. You make my &life
&by
worth &living. Maybe &this &letter &is all I need

2 Read the letters again and find the answers to
these questions.
a. Why does Jessica cry sometimes?
6 pts. of the units will help
b. Why does Brian cry at night?
&to &put you &behind me - I doubt &it, &though.
You will &be &in my &heart &forever, Marco,
&even &if &it &is &just as &friends.
c. Does Marco love Simona?
3 These chunks (a c) have been removed

you to discover what
you have learnt well
III Simona from the letters. Put them back in the
correct places (i iii). 3 pts.
Adapted from: Jessica. (n.d.). Thank you. Retrieved October 9, 2011, from a. the foolish decision to leave you
http://www.poemslovers.com/love_letters/thank_you/letters/173.html b. really good friends, and I dont want to ruin
and what you need MINITEST

Krissy. (n.d.). I made a mistake in letting you go. Retrieved October 10, 2011, from
http://www.poemslovers.com/love_letters/i_am_sorry/letters/177.html
c. you make me feel like I can touch the sky
Language Note
Jessica. (n.d.). Just friends? Retrieved October 10, 2011, from
http://www.poemslovers.com/love_letters/confessions_of_love/letters/36.html
to reinforce.
UNIT 1
Each lesson has a short evaluation

22
activity that will allow you to analyse This section will help you to understand
your performance. important English structures.
Highlighted words: words whose meaning may be essential for your understanding
of a text, but were not included among the key words have been highlighted in yellow.
SELF - EVALUATION
YOUR TEST RESULTS
and understand key facts and details.
Your score The meaning for that particular context is given at the bottom of the page, in the form
Reading You are expected to be able to identify
10 - 12 Great Grasped all the main ideas and
6 - 9 Good Grasped most of the main ideas and
did most of the tasks correctly.
of a glossary.
3 - 5 OK Grasped some of the main ideas and
and did a few tasks correctly.
0 - 2 Poor Deduced some of the main ideas
and understand key facts and details.
Listening You are expected to be able to identify
3 - 5 OK Identified some of the information.
10 - 12 Great Identified almost all the information.
0 - 2 Poor Deduced just a few bits of information.
6 - 9 Good Identified most of the information.
two language items.
This section will help

Language You are expected to apply and identify in some cases.
in all cases. 2 - 4 OK Understood and applied some items
8 - 10 Great Understood and applied all items
Suggested web resources to gather information on various topics

in very few cases.
in most cases. 0 - 1 Poor Understood and applied a few items
5 - 7 Good Understood and applied most items
indirect question and
using reporting verbs. Assign 1 point to each correct
you to get involved

and answer questions
Speaking You are expected to be able to ask criteria.
assign the rest of the points following these
or prepare for a presentation. They provide a good opportunity for

Interaction Score
Language Score
Task Score
Practically no language mistakes. Fluid interaction, good pronunciation, 3
Asked and answered all the questions 3
in your evaluation,
4 no hesitation.
appropriately. Fluid interaction, a few pronunciation 2
Very few language mistakes.
Asked and answered some of the 2 mistakes, a minimum of hesitation.
independent work.
3
questions appropriately
Some language mistakes. Fluid interaction, some pronunciation 1
Asked and answered half of the 1
guiding you to discover

2 mistakes, some hesitation.
questions appropriately.
Interaction affected by pronunciation 0
Language mistakes interfere with 0
Asked and answered only one or 1 mistakes and a lot of hesitation.
comprehension.
two of the questions appropriately.
complaint.
Writing You are expected to write a letter of
your strengths and

Presentation Score
Language Score
Task Score
Correct spelling and organisation of the
Practically no grammar or vocabulary 3
Wrote letter following all indications, 3 paragraphs.
using indirect questions / reporting 4 mistakes.
weaknesses, and
verbs.
few grammar or vocabulary A few spelling mistakes, unclear
Very 2
Wrote letter following most 2 organisation of paragraphs.
indications, using some indirect 3 mistakes.
questions/ reporting verbs.
Some grammar and vocabulary
Several spelling mistakes, incorrect
making you reflect on
Wrote letter following some organisation of paragraphs. 1
mistakes. 1
indications, using a few indirect 2
questions / reporting verbs. A lot of spelling mistakes, incorrect
Grammar and vocabulary mistakes 0
Wrote letter, but followed very few interfere with comprehension. 0 organisation of paragraphs.
1
your involvement in
indications and did not use indirect
questions / reporting verbs.
YOUR GENERAL PERFORMANCE

In this unit
Always Sometimes Never You can access the hypertext and do attractive interactive complementary activities.
the development
related to work and business.
I reflected and gave my opinion on moral issues
I participated in the discussions and conversations
I applied the learnt structures and vocabulary in
related to business issues.
the exercises.
ideas.
You can access the hypertext anywhere, anytime, and do the activities as many times as
I showed respect for other students opinions and
of values. you want, at your own pace.

IN BUSINESS
137
3
PLAN OF THE BOOK
UNIT 1 UNIT 2 UNIT 3
HOW READY ARE HOW READY ARE YOU FOR HOW READY ARE
YOU FOR THIS UNIT? ............7 THIS UNIT? ............................27 YOU FOR THIS UNIT? ..........47
LESSON 1 LESSON 1 LESSON 1
Reading Reading Reading
Love in Writing (love letters) ....8 A Book and a Film Planet Saving Technology
Language Note (extracts from a book and (brochure) ................................48
The modal verb might .............12 from a magazine; a poster) .....28 Language Note
Application Task Writing Language Note The Subjunctive with that .......52
A love letter..............................13 -ing forms ................................32 Application Task Writing
LESSON 2 Application Task Writing A brochure................................53
Listening A film review............................33 LESSON 2
From the Heart LESSON 2 Listening
(news story, song) ...................14 Listening The Technology of Living Things
Language Note Dark Fantasy (interview) .........34 (interview) ...............................54
Intensifiers ................................16 Language Note Language Note
Application Task Speaking Gerunds ....................................36 The Subjunctive (continued) ...56
Love stories ..............................17 Application Task Speaking Application Task Speaking
CONSOLIDATION An interview.............................37 Discussion of a scientific issue .57
ACTIVITIES ............................18 CONSOLIDATION CONSOLIDATION
JUST FOR FUN ......................20 ACTIVITIES ............................38 ACTIVITIES ............................58
CHILEAN CONNECTION ......21 JUST FOR FUN ......................40 JUST FOR FUN ......................60
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE ..22 CHILEAN CONNECTION ......41 CHILEAN CONNECTION ......61
SELF-EVALUATION ..............25 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE ..42 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE ..62
SELF-EVALUATION ..............45 SELF-EVALUATION ..............65
4
UNIT 4 UNIT 5 UNIT 6
HOW READY ARE HOW READY ARE HOW READY ARE

YOU FOR THIS UNIT? ..........67 YOU FOR THIS UNIT? ..........91 YOU FOR THIS UNIT? ....... 115
LESSON 1 LESSON 1 LESSON 1
Reading Reading Reading
Urban Rhythms (brochure) .....70 The Magic of Dna (article) .......92 Business Letters
Language Note Language Note (business letters) .................. 116
The Past Perfect tense .............72 Reporting verbs........................97 Language Note
Application Task Writing Application Task Writing Reporting verbs indirect
An article on a music or A scientific article .....................99 questions (continued) .......... 121
a painting style ........................75 LESSON 2 Application Task Writing
LESSON 2 MOBILE ART Listening A business letter ................... 123
Listening Asking the Right Questions LESSON 2
Mobile Art (conversation) .......76 (conversation) ....................... 100 Listening
Language Note Language Note Describing jobs
The Past Perfect tense Reporting verbs indirect (three conversations)............ 124
(continued) ..............................79 questions ............................... 103 Language Note
Application Task Speaking Application Task Speaking Indirect questions ................. 127
Discussion of an art form .........81 Discussion of a Application Task Speaking
CONSOLIDATION scientific topic ....................... 105 A presentation about a job... 129
ACTIVITIES ............................82 CONSOLIDATION CONSOLIDATION
JUST FOR FUN ......................84 ACTIVITIES ......................... 106 ACTIVITIES ......................... 130
CHILEAN CONNECTION ......85 JUST FOR FUN ................... 108 JUST FOR FUN ................... 132
TEST YOURKNOWLEDGE ...86 CHILEAN CONNECTION ... 109 CHILEAN CONNECTION ... 133
SELF-EVALUATION ..............89 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 110 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 134
SELF-EVALUATION ........... 113 SELF-EVALUATION ........... 137
ANSWERS ................138 THEMATIC INDEX ..147 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......151 WEB SITES ...............151
5
UNIT 1
In this unit you will learn to: You will also learn:
READING: validate predictions through skimming / classify specific information. GRAMMAR: the modal verb might / intensifiers.
LISTENING: identify the tone of messages / identify stressed words / discriminate
VOCABULARY: words related to love and feelings.
between correct and incorrect information.
ORAL PRODUCTION: express personal attitudes / participate in guided dialogues / ask
and answer questions.
WRITTEN PRODUCTION: complete paragraphs / write a love letter. You will use the following text types:
FUNCTIONS: express condition, interest, possibility, requests, and suggestions. READING: love letters.
LISTENING: a news story / a song.
You will pay special attention to these values

The importance of expressing our feelings.
The acceptance of and respect for different opinions.

6
LOVE
1 Look at the pictures and answer these questions in your group, expressing your personal
opinions. Use expressions such as: I think that... , In my opinin... , I believe that... ,
It seems to me that ..., From my point of view..., According to me 2 pts.
a. What are these people feeling? b. Why are they feeling like that?
2 In pairs, ask each other five questions about the things you like, dislike, are fond of, hate, and
really love. Compare your opinions. 5 pts.
Example: What kind of food do you really love?
3 Classify the feelings in the box under the correct picture. 12 pts.
angry annoyed cheerful delighted happy hateful

joyful loving miserable sad satisfied wonderful
Your score:
0 - 6: You should look up the words that you dont know in the dictionary and share your answers with a classmate.
7 - 13: You know enough about feelings, but you could try to improve by sharing answers with your classmates.
14 - 19: Well done! You are ready to start and enjoy this unit; you could help the classmates who look confused.
Positive: cheerful, delighted, happy, joyful, loving, satisfied, wonderful.
Negative: angry, annoyed, hateful, miserable, sad.
Cheerful : (adj.) happy, and showing it by the way that you behave.
7
on 1 LOVE IN WRITING READING
Less
Learning abilities
BEFORE YOU READ
1. To express opinions. 1 Talk about these quotations in your group. Which one(s) do you most agree /
2. To match information and disagree with? Why?
visuals. a. In dreams and in love there are no impossibilities. Janos Arnay
3. To express personal attitudes. b. Take away love, and our earth is a tomb. Robert Browning
4. To find meaning of words. / To c. Love is two souls with a single thought and two hearts that beat as one.
make predictions. John Keats
d. Love is the discovery of ourselves in others. Alexander Smith
e. To love is to suffer, and to avoid suffering one must love. Woody Allen
2 Which of the actions in the statements (a h) and / or in the pictures (1 5)

do people usually use to express their romantic feelings? Exchange opinions
in your group.
a. Being jealous of other people.
a quotation is a repetition b. Dedicating love songs on the radio.
or copy of the words of
c. Giving gifts: flowers, chocolates, rings, etc.
another person, usually
showing the origin of the d. Going out to candle-lit dinners and dancing to romantic music.
source? The sentences e. Holding hands.
in Exercise 1 are all f. Making a blog dedicated to the loved one.
quotations. What do you g. Not letting the loved one spend time with other people.
notice about all of them? h. Sending love notes and using romantic words.
1 2
3 4 5
3 How would you finish a personal (love) letter? Tick () the best options.
a. ___ Best wishes, Norma e. ___ Love you and XXXX
b. ___ For ever yours, Fred f. ___ Thinking of you
c. ___ Kind regards from Patrick g. ___ Yours sincerely, Dr. B. Adams
d. ___ Lots of love, Julia h. ___ Yours truly, Benjamin Jones
UNIT 1
8
4 Read the words in this web and circle the ones you know. Check the
meaning of the other words in a dictionary. Which of all these words would
you expect to find in a love letter?
Love
Eag ire
er Adm
Glad Beauty Cuddle
Adjectives Nouns Novel Verbs
Kind Feel
Date Jealousy
antic Miss
Rom e Heart
sitiv Sha
Sen re
WHILE YOU READ Learning abilities

5 Read the letters on pages 10 and 11 and check your predictions in Exercise 4. 5. To validate predictions.
6. To find specific information.
6 Which expressions from Exercise 3 were used to finish the letters? 7. To identify the tone of
messages.
7 Read the letters again and write which of them (I, II, III, or IV) has these 8. To locate specific information.
characteristics. 9. To match information.
a. __________ is romantic and optimistic.
b. __________ has historical value.
c. __________ talks about hidden feelings.
d. __________ is written by a Chilean teenager to his foreign friend.
e. __________ uses sophisticated words.
8 These chunks (a d) have been removed from the four love letters. Put them
back in the correct places (i iv).
a. Id like you to love me, but if not, do you think we might at least be friends?
b. ...in perfume, in harmonious sound: all of these mean you to me, all of
these I see and admire.
c. And at other times, you might be doing more important things, but you
choose to sit with me.
d. We might go to the Lake District and cruise the lakes, camp on the beach,
and watch the stars in the evening.
9 Here is a summary of one of the letters. Which letter (I IV) does it

correspond to?
The writer doesnt know how to express his / her feelings, he / she cannot find
the right words, but he / she knows he / she is in love. He / She hopes that if the
other person doesnt love him / her, he / she will want to be his / her friend.
Cuddle : (verb) to hold sb / sth close in your arms to show love or affection.
LOVE
9
To eliminate
To keep now
To write up I To send
Received To: Tammy Carter

Outstanding
To add Cc To add CCO
Chats
Envoys Subject: I love you!
To enclose a file To eliminate To verify spelling
Rough drafts
write up To send
To keep now Text format
To
All
Spa m ed
Receiv To:
edCcTaTo
lovadd mm y, der and
My beTo because you are kind, ten
Wa ste ndiket
Outstabas ng
add CCO
on my fac e. I lov e yo u
Cha ts
Contac ts
t: you! Just writing the word
jece
s puts a smile
Envoys I lov
Sub
best friend.
Fast contacts
Rough drafts thoughtf To enc anadfilebecause you are my
ul,lose Text format u prefer to be close to me.
To verify spelling
things, but yo
u might want to do other ________ in front of
All
m ding...
SpaLoa I know that sometimes yo __ ____ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ ______________________
__________
Wastebasket
(i.) ____________________
watch TV.
the fire and cuddle as we re are times you might wa
nt to have
everything
ContacTotsshow
u on a rai ny da y. An d the
walking with yo chips.
Fast contacts
I love being near you and ld ha nd s wi th me ov er a humble hamburger and
t, but you decide to ho
steak in a fancy restauran all triumphs or the problems of
the day. I
Loading...
wi th yo u my sm me,
en to me as I share you might not agree with
I love you because you list t the re re tim es wh en
ult times you hear me ou
To show everything
love you because in diffic
but yo u listen and try to understand.To eliminate
To keep now
To send
you are.
And I love you for what
For ever yours,
Tim
Dear Chris,
To eliminate
To send
To keep now
I &am &writing &this &letter &to
&let &you &know
&that Im &really &fond &of &you
. Unfortunately,
II &you &just &dont &know &it. S
ometimes I &would
&like &to &shout &it &to &the &winds
, &but Im &scared.
Who &knows &what &your &a
nswer &might &be?
My &lips &are &closed, &my &hear
t &is &silent &and
&the &words I &want &to &say
&just won&t &come
&out. I &want &to &open &up an
d &tell you &how I
&feel, &but I guess Im &too &sca
red &because Im
&afraid &you &might &reject &m
e.
What &do I &expect? Im &not
&sure.
(&ii.)____________________
______________________
______________________
Thinking &of &you,
Jenny
Humble : (adj.) very simple; showing you do not think that sb / sth is as important as others.
UNIT 1
10
Beloved Victor,
III
If I were clever I migh
t describe how you, a
famous writer, unite
in yourself the beautie
form and song! s of
I might tell you that yo

u are the greatest
marvel of all ages, an
d I would only be spea
the simple truth. king
I love you, my Victor;

I cannot repeat it too
often; I can never ex
press it as much as I
feel it.
I recognise you in all
the beauty that surro
me in form, in colour, unds
(iii.) __________
____________ __
____________
____________ __ American v/s British English
____ and you are
all!
You are not only the recognize
solar spectrum with th
seven luminous colou e
rs, but the sun itself recognise/
illuminates, warms, an that
d revives! This is what recognize
are, and I am the woma you
n that adores you.
Juliette
Adapted from: Drouet, J. (2005). My Beloved Toto. (1st ed.). New York: State University of New York Press.
IV
My &dearest Susan,
I &last &saw
How &long &has &it &been &since __________
&one &month ________________________
&you? I &will &tell &you: &its &been __ __
g &hours &since &we ______________________________________
&three &days &and 8 &long, &lon
lle River &holding ________. Or &we might &climb &volcanoes
&last &walked &by &the Calle Ca &rivers. Whatever
&reflection &of &the &and &cross &cold &mountain
&hands &and &looking &at &the er - &you &and
hen &we &took &the we &do, &we &will &do &it &togeth
&moon &on &the &water. And &t e &back &really
nd &where &we I. Might I &ask &you &to &com
&little &boat &to &the Huapi Isla
d &enough, &we
&thought &that, &if &we &tried &har r &retu rn
&soon?
e &f or &ever &a nd &n eve I &miss &you, &and
&might &stop &tim I &hate &being &without &you,
&to &reality. &think of &you &all &the &time.
ow I &m iss &y ou
But &you &had &to &go &and &n I &see &you Your &forever &romantic,
g &the &d ay s &till
&very &much, &countin
&back, what &will Carlos
&again. When &you &do &come
________________
&we &do &together? (&iv.) ______
HYPERTEXT: digital resources and activities LOVE

11
Learning abilities AFTER YOU READ
10. To classify words. 10 Classify the adjectives in the box as positive or negative. Use some of them to
11. To consolidate a language describe letters III and IV, sharing and comparing answers in your group.
point.
12. To reinforce a language point. abusive boring confusing dramatic embarrassing enjoyable
13. To evaluate learning. fascinating funny gentle honest insensitive interesting ironic
14. To match information. / To joyful kind loving mad nasty optimistic passionate
imitate a spoken model. pessimistic pleasant romantic sad sensitive silly
15. To write a text.
16. To relate content to personal
experiences.
Language Note The modal verb might
1. What do these sentences from the letters you read have in common?
a. Im afraid you might reject me.
b. If we tried hard enough, we might stop time for ever.
c. Might I ask you to come back really soon?
d. We might go to the Lake District and cruise the lakes.
2. Which sentence expresses the following?
a. A condition. b. A possibility. c. A request. d. A suggestion.
The modal verb might can be used to express all four options, but it is
most commonly used to express possibility and condition.
3. Study these other examples.
a. She might be in another class.
b. Might I go with you?
c. If I had time, I might help you.
d. When you are in London, you might visit the London Eye.
4. There are nine more sentences with might in the letters. Copy them into
your notebook and identify what they express: a condition, a possibility,
a request or a suggestion.
11 Match the sentences in column A with what they express in column B.

A B
She might miss the train if she comes late. A condition
Excuse me, might you speak a little louder please? A possibility
We might stay at home and watch a film if you want.
If the plants dont get enough water they might die. A request
The teacher said it was optional - we might read it if we want to. A suggestion
12 Answer these questions using what you learnt in the Language Note and
your own ideas.
American v/s British English a. What might you do at the weekend if you dont have any homework?
b. Where might you buy roses in the middle of winter?
pen pal c. If someone asked you to be his / her pen friend, what might your answer be?
pen friend
Enjoyable: (adj.) giving pleasure.
UNIT 1 HYPERTEXT: digital resources and activities
12
13 MINITEST Write one sentence using might for each situation. 8 pts.
a. Your foreign friend is visiting your area and asks you to suggest a place
to visit.
b. You want to borrow your sisters / brothers brand new T-shirt.
c. You want to ask your mother if she knows where your favourite jeans are.
d. Your cousin wants to know what food to buy for his / her birthday party.
0 3 6
14 10 Match the questions (a c) and answers (i iii) to form dialogues. Check American v/s British English
with the recording and then role play them in front of the class.
French fries
a. If you organise a party, who might you invite?
b. So, what do you think we might cook tonight?
c. Where might we find Philip? chips
i. How about some fish and chips?
ii. Im not sure - you might try his home address or his office.
iii. In my opinion, we should ask everybody in the class.
15 APPLICATION TASK WRITING

a. Read letters III and IV again and answer these d. Write a love letter (maximum 90 words) to a real
questions in your group. or imaginary person using the ideas you wrote
i. What do the letters tell you about the down, and the format, and the vocabulary in the
people who wrote them? letters you read.
ii. What does the vocabulary the writers use tell e. Apart from your own words, you can also use
you about their background, education, the quotations from Exercise 1 or others you can
times they live or lived in? find on the Internet.
iii. Have you ever written a love letter or note? f. Check your spelling and grammar.
Why? g. Exchange letters with somebody in your group.
iv. What was the result? h. Follow the points suggested to evaluate your
b. In your group, write down a few ideas that can letter. Say Yes or No.
help you with your task: to write a love letter! group.
d th e pu rp os e of letter writing in my
i. A list of words that you can normally find in I discusse
cated steps.
a love letter. I followed the indi the lesson.
ed w or ds, struc tu res, and ideas from
ii. Different beginnings and endings. I us
coherent sequence.
c. Work individually now and choose the style My letter follows a and spelling
g for grammar errors
of a love letter that best suits you optimistic, I checked my writin
sophisticated, sad, etc. mistakes.
16 Answer and discuss these questions in your group.

a. What have you learnt about quotations? Where / When can we use them?
b. Which do you prefer, writing or speaking, when love is the main issue?
c. How would you help a friend who is suffering because of love?
d. In the case of a married couple having serious problems, do you think
separation is a solution?

13
on 2 FROM THE HEART LISTENING
Less
Learning abilities BEFORE YOU LISTEN

1. To match information and 1 Look at the cartoon and match the bubbles (a c) with the corresponding
visuals. picture (1 3).
2. To identify tone of message.
3. To make predictions. a b c
We might Terribly I hope
be a little late, but late, as usual! I shes not too
its so wonderful to be might as well go angry! These
together! home. flowers might
help!

accent is connected with
the way we pronounce
words? That is why
people from the same
country speaking the
same language may
have a different accent,
depending on where 1 2 3
they live.
Stress is related to which
part of a word or a
sentence we emphasise. 2 11 Listen and read these pairs of dialogues (a and b). Which one in each
It means that we do not pair (i or ii) do you think is more intense? Why?
say all the syllables or a. i. Adam: I love you.
words with the same Theresa: I love you too.
force, but say some ii. Adam: I love you so much.
more loudly than the
others. Theresa: I love you very much too!
b. i. George: Im fond of dancing and singing.
Lilly: I love dancing too.
ii. George: I am quite fond of dancing and singing.
Lilly: I absolutely love dancing!
American v/s British English 3 You are going to listen to a news story called Underground love. What do you
subway think it might be about? Choose one alternative.
a. Prohibited love
underground, b. Love between a miner and his girlfriend
tube c. Love on the subway
UNIT 1
14
WHILE YOU LISTEN Learning abilities
4 12 Listen to the news story and check your prediction in Exercise 3. 4. To validate predictions.
5. To identify stressed word.
5 12 Listen to the news story again and circle the specially stressed words in 6. To discriminate between
correct and incorrect
these sentences. information.
a. We have a real life romantic story. 7. To discrimnate between
b. ...he developed the very popular Web site... . words.
c. He described her really well. 8. To identify tone of message.
d. ...what better illustration of this unusual love affair...?
6 12 Listen to the news story again. Which statements are true (T), which are
false (F), and which are not mentioned (NM)?
a. ______ Patrick Moberg is 28 years old.
b. ______ Camille, his mystery girl, is a journalist in New York.
c. ______ To find his dream girl Patrick developed a blog.
d. ______ He did not approach Camille on the train because he was shy.
7 12 Listen to the song in the programme and tick () the correct word.
a. My lifes so brilliant / exciting .

b. She looked / smiled at me on the subway.
c. And I dont think I might meet / see her again.
d. But its time to face the end / truth .
e. I will never / always be with you.
8 12 Listen to the song once more and choose the best description.
a. Angry and pessimistic. b. Cheerful and romantic. c. Sad and romantic.
AFTER YOU LISTEN

9 Re-write these sentences using might.
Example: It is posible that a. I suggest you invite b. Maybe Patrick will c. It is possible that
Patrick and Camille will Patrick and Camille to take Camille to the Patrick and Camille
marry. visit Nerudas house. cinema. will travel to Paris.
Patrick and Camille _____________________ _____________________ _____________________

might marry. _____________________ _____________________ _____________________

15
10 The words below appeared in the listening text. Use them to write four
sentences. The pictures on the left (1 4) can help you.
crowded headline sketch subway

a. ____________________________________________________________.
b. ____________________________________________________________.
c. ____________________________________________________________.
1 d. ____________________________________________________________.
Language Note Intensifiers
1. Read these sentences from the news story.

a. We totally clicked.
b. They actually had so much to talk about.
2 c. I am quite sure.
d. I was terribly nervous.
2. Compare them with these sentences.
a. We clicked.
b. They actually had much to talk about.
c. I am sure.
d. I was nervous.
3. Study the sentences in Point 1. What do the underlined words do?
a. They make the meaning more intense.
b. They make the meaning more general.
c. They make the meaning more understandable.
3 The answer is a. The underlined words are intensifiers; they enhance
the words that follow them.
4. Read some more examples.
a. My dad told me an incredibly sad love story.
b. It is surprisingly hot.
c. You are absolutely right.
5. Listen to the first stanza of the song again and copy three more
sentences that contain intensifiers.
4
11 Complete these dialogues using different intensifiers.
a. A: Youre late again! Ive been waiting for half an hour.
B: ______________________________________ sorry.
b. A: How did your mother feel when you showed her the test?
B: ______________________________________ upset.
c. A: I can help you to study for the physics test.
B: ______________________________________ much.
d. A: What do you think of the new television programme?
B: ___________________________________ interesting.

16
12 13 Listen to the recording and check your answers in Exercise 11. Practise Learning abilities
and then role play the dialogues for your classmates. 9. To reinforce a language point.
10. To consolidate vocabulary.
13 MINITEST Choose six places in this story to use the intensifiers in the box.
11. To consolidate a language
6 pts. point.
absolutely quite really terribly so very 12. To imitate a spoken model.
This happened a month ago. The day was hot and I wanted a drink. I looked 13. To evaluate learning.
around and saw a little kiosk with soft drinks and ice-cream, but it was 14. To create a new text.
crowded; I decided to look somewhere else. Then, a boy standing right in 15. To reflect on the contents of
front of the kiosk waved to me. He was cute! He had a bottle of orange crush the lesson and relate them to
in his hand and he was offering it to me. I was impressed. Now, a month personal experiences.
later, we are dating! I still think he is fabulous.
0 2 5
14 APPLICATION TASK SPEAKING

You are going to share love stories with your iii. What is special about this love story?
classmates. iv. How did it end?
a. Work in groups of four or five students and c. Use the ideas you wrote and tell the story to the
answer these questions about the love story you rest of the group.
heard in the recording. d. Answer the groups questions providing extra
i. What are your opinions of the two information.
protagonists? e. Choose the most romantic or the most unusual
ii. How would you behave in a similar story, and appoint a story-teller in your group.
situation? Help him / her to practise telling the story.
iii. Would you be embarrassed to go on f. Exchange stories with another group.
national TV or radio to find the person g. Use these ideas to evaluate your performance.
you love? Say Yes or No.
b. Work individually and write down a few lines g my
pa rticipated in th e discussion respectin
about a love story you know. It can be about I
.
your parents, yourself, or someone you know. classmates opinions em to present my sto
ry.
y idea s an d used th
Use these questions as guidelines. I wrote m n.
others pronunciatio
i. What are the names of the protagonists? We corrected each ideas from the lesson.
ed w or ds , struc tu res, and
ii. When / Where did the story take place? We us

a. What do you think of making a blog dedicated to the person you love?
b. What would be the perfect words to say to someone that you are deeply
in love with?
c. Would you show respect or make fun if you received an anonymous
love letter?

17
CONSOLIDATION ACTIVITIES
1 Helen is asking her friend Gloria to look after her pets while she is away on holiday. Fill in the gaps
in her note with the intensifiers in the box.
absolutely quite really such terribly very
Dear Gloria,
Thanks so much for offering to look after my pets while Im in Brazil.
There are three of them:
Spike, the dog , Winnie, the cat, and Bella, the parrot .
Each of them is (a.) a character and needs special
attention. Please see the indications below for their care.

Spike is (b.) fond of eating socks, so please make sure that
there are none lying around.

Winnie (c.) hates the darkness, so make sure that you
leave the lights on when you leave.
Bella (d.) loves fresh seeds and water, so give her a fresh
portion every morning.
Spike and Winnie are (e.) good friends that they are
always taken for a walk together.

And finally, because Bella is (f.) small, make sure that the
windows are always closed, so she cannot get out.

Once again, thank you for offering to help. See you after Im back from my
holiday.
Love,
Helen
Fond: (adj.) of doing sth, finding sth pleasant or enjoyable, especially sth you have liked or enjoyed for a long time.
18
2 Now that Helen has left her pets in goods hands, she is planning her holiday activities. Look at the page
from her diary and see what activities she might do. Write the sentences in your notebook.
11 Monday
Arrival, unpack, phone Gloria
12 Tuesday
Visit Christ the Redeemer or Sugarloaf
13 Wednesay
Go to Ipanema or Copacabana beach
14 Thursday
Visit the Botanical gardens or the
National park
15 Friday
Take a bus to Florianopolis or to Buzios
16 Saturday
Take a boat ride or go hang gliding
17 Sunday
Fly back and arrive home
3 Read the sentences below (a d) and put them in the right order, following the cartoon (1 4). Practise
and role play the dialogue with a partner.
1 2 3 4
a. Well, I worked awfully hard this summer, and I absolutely must have it.
b. Mum is going to get quite mad with you for spending so much.
c. Its really fantastic, dont you think?
d. And its outrageously expensive too!
Mad: (adj.) very angry.

19
JUST FOR FUN
1 Who are these famous love couples? Match the names (a h) with the pictures (1 8).
a. Adam & Eve e. Homer & Marge Simpson
b. Barbie & Ken f. John Smith & Pocahontas
c. Bella Swan & Edward Cullen g. Pablo Neruda & Matilde Urrutia
d. Frida Khalo & Diego Rivera h. Romeo & Juliet
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8
2 Which person in the couples in the pictures (1 8) could have said these statements?
a. I am scared to tell you who I am. My name, dear boy, is hateful to myself, because its an enemy
to you.
b. I love you without knowing how, or when, or from where, I love you simply, without problems
or pride: I love you in this way because I dont know any other way of loving.
c. Is that what you dream aboutbeing a monster? Not exactly, mostly I dream about being
with you forever.
d. Just a little bite of the apple to show me how much you love me!
e. Remember, my love - as far as anyone in Springfield knows, were a nice normal family.
UNIT 1
20
3 Complete these 10 Commandments of Love with You should or You shouldnt.
e nts of Love
Ten Commandm
rself
Commandment 1: accept change and support growth in you
and your partner.
Commandment 2: call your partner 20 times a day or follow
him / her to all his / her activities.
Commandment 3: give 100% of yourself.
Commandment 4: listen to your partner.
Commandment 5: nag and bother your partner with your
problems all the time.
you
Commandment 6: often remind your loved one how much
care about him / her.
saries.
Commandment 7: remember important dates and anniver
Commandment 8: remember that you partner is a separate
kes.
individual with his / her own likes and disli Adapted from: Ten Commandments of Love.
Romancestuck.com The glue that holds your
Commandment 9: share love, problems, work, and play. relationship together. Retrieved November 10,
icion.
Commandment 10: treat your partner with jealously and susp 2011, from http://www.romancestuck.com/
lovecommandments.htm
CHILEAN CONNECTION
Teresa Wilms Montt was born in Via del Mar in
1893. As a young woman, Montt was sent to a
convent as punishment for falling in love with a
man while being married. There, she wrote her first
literary work, Diario Intimo, where she talked about
her life, her love and her passion for a different,
more liberal life. In 1916, helped by the Chilean poet
Vicente Huidobro, she escaped from the convent
and moved first to Buenos Aires and then to Paris.
She died in 1921, when she was only 28. Her life and romantic love and her willingness to
sacrifice everything for it became the subject of a
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many talented Chilean film called Teresa. Directed by Tatiana Gaviola
Chilean women writers were censured by a society and starring Francisca Lewin, the film made Teresa
that mistrusted women who engaged in intellectual Wilms national news again.
pursuits. In most cases, their works were lost forever
after their deaths, and their names were omitted Adapted from: Agosin, M. (1990). Teresa Wilms Montt: A forgotten legend, Womens
studies international forum, volume 13 (issue 3), pages 195 199.
from literary annals. Today, Teresa Wilms works can
be found in old book stores.
LOVE
21
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
READING THREE LOVE LETTERS
I
Dear Brad,
I &know weve &been &busy &lately with &school, Dear Krissy,
&tests and what not. I wanted &to &send you
g
&this &letter &to &let you &know &that Im &thinkin I sit here in sorrow, wishing I cou
ld hold you.
of you and &love you very much. Im very Ive realised that Ive tried to rep
lace you
&lucky &to &have &such a wonderful &boyfriend
over and over since I made (ii.) __
____
___________, but no one
and I wanted &to &say &thank you &for me laugh and smile like you do. You
can make
e
changing my &life. You make my &life complet only one that ever made me so
are the
happy; no
and (&i.) ________________________________ one could ever take your place.
I feel as if
___ a million &times. You make me &laugh and my soul has stolen my heart and
left me to
I
&sometimes &so &hard I cry. For all of &that, cry myself to sleep each and eve
ry night
with guilt in my heart of how I hur
want &to &say &thank you. guess you just dont realise wha
t you. I
nge t you have
I cant wait &until our work &schedules cha until its gone; I was so stupid to
leave you!
&and we can &spend more &time &together. I know sorry is just a word, but for
what its
worth I am very, very sorry and
Love always, Jessica I ask you to
please forgive me!
Love forever,
Brian II
Dear Marco, 1 Read the three letters. What type of letter is

We can never &be &together. Why? Because we each one? 3 pts.
are &just &friends, (&iii.) ____________________ a. A letter of apology - Letter
_____________________ &that. You &said &that b. A love confession - Letter
&being with me was very &special &for you and c. A thank you letter - Letter
&that you &really &respect our &friendship.
&by 2 Read the letters again and find the answers to
I &love you and &if you have not &seen &that these questions. 6 pts.
now, &then you are &blind. You make my &life
worth &living. Maybe &this &letter &is all I need
a. Why does Jessica cry sometimes?
b. Why does Brian cry at night?
&to &put you &behind me - I doubt &it, &though. c. Does Marco love Simona?
You will &be &in my &heart &forever, Marco,
&even &if &it &is &just as &friends. 3 These chunks (a c) have been removed
III Simona from the letters. Put them back in the
correct places (i iii). 3 pts.
Adapted from: Jessica. (n.d.). Thank you. Retrieved October 9, 2011, from a. the foolish decision to leave you
http://www.poemslovers.com/love_letters/thank_you/letters/173.html b. really good friends, and I dont want to ruin
Krissy. (n.d.). I made a mistake in letting you go. Retrieved October 10, 2011, from
http://www.poemslovers.com/love_letters/i_am_sorry/letters/177.html
c. you make me feel like I can touch the sky
Jessica. (n.d.). Just friends? Retrieved October 10, 2011, from
http://www.poemslovers.com/love_letters/confessions_of_love/letters/36.html
UNIT 1
22
LISTENING LOVE REUNITED LANGUAGE
4 14 Listen to the recording. What kind of 7 Match the sentences in column A with what
programme is it? 1 pts. they express in column B. 5 pts.
a. A news programme
b. A game programme. A B
c. An interview. What time might it be? Im not
sure. It might be around 5 p.m A condition
She might miss the plane if she
does not hurry. A possibility
Where might we go at the
weekend?
Whatever you prefer - you might A request
have salad or pasta.
Might I take this chair if you are A suggestion
not using it?
8 Use a different intensifier to fill in the blanks in

each of these sentences (a - d) according to the
pictures (1 4). 4 pts.
5 14 What is the general topic of
the recording? 1 pts.
a. How a missing letter brought two lovers
back together.
b. The reason two foreigners decided to marry
in London.
c. Why two lovers stopped loving each other. 1 2
6 14 Listen again and tick () the word

you hear. 10 pts.
a. Steve Smith and Carmen Ruiz-Perez, both now
42 / 44 , fell in love 16 / 17 years ago.
b. Their relationship ended / started after she 3 4
moved to France / Spain . a. Philips baby daughter Flo is ______ cute!
c. Smith sent a letter to her mothers / parents b. That dessert looks ______ delicious. Yummy!
home in France / Spain . c. Pablo and Gonzalo are ______ good friends.
d. When he answered / picked up the phone, d. Thank you. These flowers are ______
beautiful.
she knew it was the right / wrong decision.
e. Within 30 / 40 seconds of setting eyes on
each other, they were embracing / kissing .
LOVE
23
SPEAKING WRITING
9 A new classmate, Jerome is asking for 10 Complete this letter expressing your feelings
suggestions. Answer his questions using (maximum 90 words). Pay attention to
sentences with might. Role play your dialogue vocabulary, spelling and grammar, and dont
in front of your classmates. 10 pts. forget to use appropriate intensifiers. 10 pts.
Jerome: So where do you think I could have Dear ________________,

my lunch?
You: ________________________________. Its been ten long months since we were last
Jerome: Which of our classmates should I together. This time _______________________

talk to if I need help?
_______________________________________
You: ________________________________.
_______________________________________.
Jerome: And what can you suggest for after
school activities? I know we can ___________________________
You: ________________________________. ____________________, but its not the same as
Jerome: Who do you think I should call if I want _____________________________________
more information?
_______________________________________.
You: ________________________________.
Jerome: What do I have to do to join a club or When you come back _____________________
the library?
________________________ and we will never
You: ________________________________.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.
Please, _________________________________
_______________________________________.
All my love,
______________________.

24
SELF - EVALUATION
YOUR TEST RESULTS Your score
Reading You are expected to be able to identify and understand key facts and details.
10 - 12 Great Grasped all main ideas and answered most questions correctly.
6 - 9 Good Grasped most main ideas and answered most questions correctly.
3 - 5 OK Grasped some main ideas and answered some of the questions correctly.
0 - 2 Poor Deduced some main ideas and answered just a few questions correctly.
Listening You are expected to be able to identify and understand key facts and details.
10 - 12 Great Identified almost all information. 3 - 5 OK Identified some information.
6 - 9 Good Identified most information. 0 - 2 Poor Deduced just a few bits of information.
Language You are expected to apply and identify two language items.
7 - 9 Great Grasped and applied the language items in all cases. 2 - 3 OK Grasped and applied the language items in some cases.
4 - 6 Good Grasped and applied the language items in most cases. 0 - 1 Poor Deduced and applied the language items in very few cases.
Speaking You are expected to be able to complete and participate in a guided dialogue.
Task Score Language Score Interaction Score
Completed the dialogue with four Practically no language mistakes. Fluid interaction, good pronunciation,
4 3 3
or five of the correct alternatives. no hesitation.
Completed the dialogue with three Very few language mistakes. Fluid interaction, a few pronunciation
or four of the correct alternatives. 3 2 2
mistakes, a minimum of hesitation.
Completed the dialogue with two Some language mistakes. Fluid interaction, some pronunciation
or three of the correct alternatives. 2 1 1
mistakes, some hesitation.
Used only one or two of the correct Language mistakes interfere with Interaction affected by pronunciation
1 0 0
alternatives in the dialogue. comprehension. mistakes and a lot of hesitation.
Writing You are expected to complete a letter using alternatives and your own ideas to start and finish.
Task Score Language Score Presentation Score
Filled in all the blanks with Practically no grammar or Correct spelling, opening and closing.
4 3 3
appropriate information. vocabulary mistakes.
Filled in most of the blanks with Very few grammar or vocabulary A few spelling mistakes and incorrect
3 2 2
appropriate information. mistakes. opening or closing.
Filled in some of the blanks with Some grammar and vocabulary Several spelling mistakes and
2 1 1
appropriate information. mistakes. incorrect opening or closing.
Filled in only one or two of the blanks Grammar and vocabulary mistakes A lot of spelling mistakes and
1 0 0
with appropriate information. interfere with comprehension. incorrect opening and closing.

In this unit Always Sometimes Never
I grasped the main ideas of the texts.
I used different strategies to help me to understand.
I made myself understood even if I made some mistakes.
I interacted with other students to do the exercises.
I expressed my point of view appropriately.
25
UNIT 2
READING: identify type of text / find general and supporting information. GRAMMAR: -ing forms: gerunds and present participles.
LISTENING: find the meaning of key words / transfer relevant information to a visual VOCABULARY: words related to books and films.
organiser / identify speaker.
ORAL PRODUCTION: ask and answer questions / role play a dialogue following a model.
WRITTEN PRODUCTION: complete paragraphs / write a film review. You will use the following text types:
FUNCTIONS: express possibility, certainty and doubt / express opinions / ask and answer READING: extracts from a book and a magazine / a poster.
questions.
LISTENING: an interview.

The importance of expressing our personal opinions about films and books.
The acceptance of and respect for different opinions.

26
LITERATURE AND FILMS
1 Which of the following films are based on books? Use the expressions in the box to introduce
your answers. 6 pts.
I am sure I believe I am not quite sure I am quite certain I am not certain _____ certainly is I think
1 2 3 4 5 6
2 What are the similarities and differences between books and films? Classify the statements
below (a i) in a Venn diagram. 9 pts.
a. They are reasonably priced.
b. They entertain us.
c. We can enjoy them at home. Films
Books
d. We can enjoy them on a beach.
e. We can enjoy them on a plane.
f. We can enjoy them when we are in a group.
g. We need a long time to finish them.
h. We need a printed text.
i. We need special equipment to enjoy them. Both
3 Match the words in the box with the definitions below (a f). 6 pts.
film novel play romance script short story
a. A fictional work of prose that is shorter in length than a novel.
b. A love affair or a story about one.
c. A piece of writing performed by actors in a theatre, on television, or on the radio.
d. A series of moving pictures, recorded with sound that tells a story and is shown on television or at
the cinema.
e. A story long enough to fill a complete book, in which the characters and events are usually imaginary.
f. The written text of a play, film, broadcast, talk, etc.
Your score:
0 - 6: You should look up the words that you dont know in the dictionary and share information with a classmate.
7 - 13: You know enough about literature and films, but you could try to improve by sharing answers with your classmates.
14 - 21: You are ready to start and enjoy this unit; perhaps you could help the classmates who look confused.
1. 2, 3, 4, 6. 2. Books: d., g., h. Films: a., f., i. Both: b., c., e. 3. a. Short story. b. Romance. c. Play. d. Film. e. Novel. f. Script.

27
o n1 A BOOK AND A FILM READING
Less
Learning abilities
BEFORE YOU READ
1. To match information and 1 Match the names of the authors in the box with their books in the pictures (1 6).
visuals.
2. To identify type of text. Isabel Allende Roberto Bolao Mara Luisa Bombal
3. To identify meaning of key Jos Donoso Baldomero Lillo Pablo Neruda
words.
4. To make predictions.
2 4 6
1 3 5
2 Have a look at the texts you are going to read on pages 30 31. Which one
is a film review, which one a poster and which one a part of a book? Justify
your choices.
3 The words in the box are from the texts you are going to read. Match them
with their definitions (a h) and then check with a dictionary.
bespeak carriage counteract despicable frame
mourning overcome record (v.)
a. Sadness that you feel and show because somebody has died.
b. The form or structure of a person or animals body.
c. The way in which somebody holds and moves their head and body.
d. To denote, to indicate, to show.
e. To do something to reduce or prevent the bad effects of something.
f. To keep a permanent account of facts or events by writing them down.
g. To succeed in dealing with or controlling a problem.
h. Very unpleasant or evil.
4 What kind of information about a film do you think you can find in a film poster?
a. Information about the actors. d. Who the director is.
American v/s British English b. The date the film was made. e. Where the film was shot.
c. How much the cinema ticket costs. f. Who wrote the screenplay.
movie
film
Date: (noun) a particular day of the month, sometimes in a particular year, given in numbers and words.
UNIT 2
28
5 Read the poster and check your predictions in Exercise 4. 5. To validate predictions.
6. To find general and supporting
6 Indicate in which text you can find the required information (a f). information.
Sometimes more than one answer is possible. 7. To match information.
8. To interpret information. / To
I II III discriminate between correct
and incorrect information.
a. A detailed description of Barrabas
9. To synthesise information
b. Information about Clara, one of the protagonists and transfer it to a graphic
c. The author of the book organiser.
d. The film cast

e. The genre of the movie
f. Where filming took place
7 Read Text II again. Whats the film critics opinion of items a g? Choose
from the options in the box.
Excellent Fabulous Fairly good Great
Less convincing More interesting One of the best
a. Isabel Allende. e. The first story in the film.
b. The acting. f. The film adaptation.
c. The book The House of the Spirits. g. The second story in the film.
d. The first half of the film.
8 Read the film review and the plot description that appears in the poster. Tick
the correct statements.
a. The review expresses the writers personal opinion.
b. The plot description is a summary of the film.
c. The plot description provides lots of details.
d. The review compares the original book with the film.
e. The plot description is more convincing.
f. The review discusses both the characters and the actors who play them.
9 Read the plot of The House of the Spirits that appears in texts II and III again
and complete this event map.
a. Place b. Time
______________________ Event map ______________________
c. Characters d. Brief summary of story e. End

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________ _____________________
Cast : (noun) all the people who act in a play or film.

HYPERTEXT: digital resources and activities LITERATURE AND FILMS
29
I
Chapter one
Rosa the Beautiful
d Clara wrote in
Barrabs came to us by sea, the chil
ady in the habit
her delicate calligraphy. She was alre
, and afterwards,
of writing down important matters
ies became very
when she was mute, recording trivialit
t fifty years later
important. She never suspected tha
the past and
I would use her notebooks to reclaim
s arrived on a
overcome terrors of my own. Barrab
cage, dirty with
Holy Thursday. He was in a despicable
had the lost look
his own excrement and urine, and
l carriage of his
of a defenceless prisoner; but the rega
e the legendary
head and the size of his frame bespok
d, autumnal day
giant he would become. It was a blan
t the child would
that gave no hint of the events tha
noon mass in
record, which took place during the
whole family in
the parish of San Sebastin, with her
the statues of the
attendance. As a sign of mourning,
t the pious ladies
saints were covered in purple robes tha
dusted off once a
of the congregation unpacked and
. Beneath these
year from a cupboard in the sacristy
mbled nothing
funereal sheets the celestial retinue rese
iting movers, an
so much as a roomful of furniture awa
nse, and the soft
impression that the candles, the ince
counteract.
moans of the organ were powerless to
Spirits. Translated
Adapted from: Allende, I. (1986). The House of the
: Black Swan Books, a division of
from the Spanish by Magda Bogin. London
The Random House Group Ltd.
UNIT 2
30
II
hypocrisy; the
the same rise to power and of his cruelty and
The movie is an adaptation of the book with convincing),
th Am erican second and less interesting (and less
title by Isabel Allende, one of the best Sou the romantic story of two lovers set
against the
cia Marquezs
authors (she was called Gabriel Gar background of the revolution. The first half of the
s and Glenn
heir). The movie features Jeremy Iron movie is excellent. Jeremy Irons, desp
ite appearing
Streep (who does
Close (in their good days) Meryl to be talking through an ill-fitting set
of dentures,
t), Wynona
not have bad days, movie- wise, at leas gives a performance of cruel power and
tyranny that
ents the story
Ryder, and Antonio Banderas, and pres dominates the entire movie. It is a bea utifu lly written
erations, with
of a family as it stretches over four gen and acted piece of characterisation.
Unf ortu nately,
time s, the surreal.
the good, the bad, the funny, and at the second half of the movie almost enti
rely mitigates
ie, made after
It is, in my opinion, a fairly good mov the character.
Denmark and
a fabulous book. Filming took place in great acting
Portugal, and the European setting take
s away from If you want to see a good movie, with
y, watch the
the sweeping Latin American landscap
es, the majestic and an enjoyable, yet very serious stor
the story, and
Andes, and the general atmosphere. movie. If you want to fully understand
pen the way they
ies the understand why certain things hap
The movie can be divided into two stor
y of Este bans do, read the book first.
first and more interesting, the stud
. Retrieved October 15, 2011 from
of the Spirits. A Film Review by James Berardinelli
Adapted from: Berardinelli, J. (1994). The House http://www .reelv iews.n et/movies/h/house_spirits.html
Director: Billie August man. He works hard and

gets the money to buy a
Screenplay: Based on Isabel hacienda and become a local
Allendes book, written by patriarch. Esteban becomes
Billie August very conservative and is
Release Date: 1 April 1994 feared by his workers. When
(USA) his daughter Blanca grows
up, she falls in love with a
Genre: Drama / romance young revolutionary, Pedro,
Cast: Jeremy Irons, Glenn who urges the workers to
Close, Meryl Streep, Wynona fight for a better life. Esteban
Ryder, Antonio Banderas tries to stop the love affair
between Pedro and his
Awards: 11 awards
daughter, but loving Pedro
including Best Costume, Best
means too much to Blanca,
Design, Best Production, Best
who must choose between
Editing, Best Screenplay.
her family and her love.
Plot: Chile, 20 century. Love wins and she stays
th
Marrying Clara makes with Pedro.

Esteban Trueba a happy
III . Retrieved May 15, 2012 from
Adapted from: House of the Spirits Study Guide
http://www.enotes.com/house-spirits
At least: (adv.) not less than. Costume : (noun) the clothes worn by actors in a play or film.
31
10. To ask and answer questions. 10 Use your notes in Exercise 9 to complete this conversation about the plot of
11. To imitate a spoken model. The House of the Spirits.
A: Where does the action take place?
point.
B: ____________________________________________________________.
13. To evaluate learning.
A: When do the events happen?
14. To write a text.
B: ____________________________________________________________.
15. To reflect on the contents of
the lesson and relate them to A: Who are the main characters?
personal experiences. B: ____________________________________________________________.
A: What happens?
B: ________________________ marries ________________________ and
________________________, but ________________________________.
Blanca, ________________________ who _________________________.
A: What happens then?
B: ____________________________________________________________.
11 16 Listen to the recording, compare with the conversation you completed

in Exercise 10 and then repeat it. Then change the answers to talk about a
film you have seen. Practise and role play the new conversation with a
partner.
Language Note -ing forms
1. Compare the pairs of sentences below paying special attention to the

words in bold. What similarities and differences do you notice? Which
word is a noun and which one is a verb?
a. Filming took place in Denmark and Portugal.
They are filming a new movie.
b. Marrying Clara makes Esteban Trueba a happy man.
We first see Esteban Trueba when he is marrying Clara.
2. All the words end in -ing, but the words in the first sentence of each pair
are acting as nouns and we call them gerunds. The words in the second
sentence of each pair are acting as verbs, and we call them present
participles.
When gerunds are used as nouns, they can be used in the same way that
any other noun can be used: subjects, objects, objects to prepositions, etc.
3. Go back to the texts and find more examples of both gerunds and
present participles.
12 Examine the sentences below. Identify the gerunds and the present participles.
a. Frank was swimming in the pool when I saw him.
b. Denise likes dancing and singing.
c. They were dancing and singing in the rain.
d. Cooking with my mum is lots of fun.

32
13 MINITEST Complete the following paragraph with the correct form of the
verbs in the box, a gerund or a participle. 8 pts.
arrive do enjoy help learn read sit watch
It is 7:00pm and Bill (a.) _________________ at the dinner table in front of
the TV. (b.) _________________ and (c.) _________________ TV are the two
things he really loves. His mother (d.) _________________ his sister with her
homework. The girl doesnt really like (e.) _________________ homework.
Bills mother loves (f.) _________________ new things, so she
(g.) _________________ herself.
Bills father opens the front door. (h.) _________________ home at night is
the best thing in the world!, he says.
0 3 7

You are going to write a group review of a film you phenomenal / plenty of details / spectacular visual
have all seen recently. effects / unexpected plot twists.
a. Agree on a brief summary of the film. You can e. A person from the group must be the group
use the event map in Exercise 9 to help you. scribe. Develop a draft of your review (95 words)
Make notes. including the following parts.
b. Describe what each of you thought of the film, Title of the review make it catchy!
giving reasons and examples. Make notes. These Paragraph 1: summary and your general view.
questions can help you. Paragraph 2: positive things about the film.
Did you think that it was interesting / boring / What did you like? Why?
thought-provoking? Paragraph 3: negative things about the film.
Did it have lasting images and ideas that you What didnt you like? Why?
particularly liked? Paragraph 4: final comments.
c. Divide the film into relevant parts: acting, f. Read your review and check for spelling and
directing, setting, costumes, music, etc.; express grammar mistakes.
your opinion and make notes. g. Use these points to evaluate your group work.
Was the setting successful / the atmosphere Say Yes or No.
appropriate? e film.
personal views of th
Was the cast good and adequate for the film? We discussed our
t of our review.
What was the sound track like? We prepared a draf e lesson.
ed w ords , struc tu res and ideas from th
d. Brainstorm and write down a list of adjectives We us .
a coherent sequence
and expressions you can use in the review: Our review follows grammar an spelling
d mistakes.
d an d co rre cted
Example: amazing scenery / excessive violence / We checke rs opinions.
e listene d to an d respected each othe
good atmosphere / hair-raising suspense / hilarious / W

a. What have you learnt about Isabel Allendes first famous novel? Can you
express your opinion about it, or about other books you have read or
films you have seen?
b. How important is the opinion of your family when you choose a
boyfriend / girlfriend?
c. What would you do if you were in Blancas situation?

33
on 2 DARK FANTASY LISTENING
Less
BEFORE YOU LISTEN

1 What do all the films in the pictures have in common? Choose from the
alternatives given.
a. The subject is fantasy. d. They are films for young people.
b. They are / were all bestsellers. e. They have historical characters.
c. They are all based on books. f. They were written by British writers.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Learning abilities 2 Answer these questions about the films in your group.
1. To connect pictures and a. What is the plot of each of them?
content. b. Who are the main characters and actors?
2. To connect content and
previous knowledge. 3 17 Listen and repeat these words associated with film-making. Which ones
3. To identify cognates. / To sound similar in Spanish? What do they mean? Find the meaning of the rest
relate written and spoken in the dictionary.
version of words. / To practise
pronunciation. / To find
aman cast
meaning of words. camer
animation
4. To classify information. tion
actor adapta
5. To make predictions. location
tor extra
m e direc
costu ck stunt
soundtra
sequel
lay
r screenp
produce
4 Classify the words in Exercise 3 under the correct heading.

People in films Film-making process
5 Which words and expressions from Exercises 3 and 4 would you expect to
find in an interview with the author of books about vampires on which two
films have been based?
UNIT 2
34
6 18 Listen to the interview and check your predictions in Exercise 5. 6. To validate predictions.
7. To discriminate between
7 18 Listen again and tick () the best option.
information.
8. To identify speakers.
a. The author began writing after having a dream / watching a horror film .
b. Twilight and New Moon sold 1.3 million copies / 13 million copies .
c. Bella, the protagonist is popular with readers because she is
a hero / a normal girl .
d. The location of the vampire saga is Forks / Washington .
8 18 Listen again and write down who said these statements, the Interviewer
or the Author.
a. ____________: I had a dream about a human girl meeting a vampire.
b. ____________: Readers loved it immediately.
c. ____________: Both Twilight and New Moon were filmed.
d. ____________: The film and its soundtrack became really popular with
young people.
e. ____________: Both need dedication.
9 18 Listen again and answer these questions.

a. How many children does this author have?
b. What is the name of the third book in this saga?
c. How long did the author take to write the first book of the saga?
d. What is the first name of the director of Twilight? Stephenie Meyer, author of Twilight.
AFTER YOU LISTEN

10 Think about the text you listened to and tick () the statements that are true Learning abilities
about an interview. 10. To discriminate between
a. ______ An interview is a conversation between two people - the correct and incorrect
interviewer and the interviewee. information.
b. ______ An interview consists of a series of questions and answers. 11. To consolidate vocabulary. / To
express personal opinions.
c. ______ An interview is conducted in order to make the interviewee feel
uncomfortable and angry. point.
d. ______ The purpose of an interview is to obtain information from the 13. To match information and
interviewee. visuals.
11 In pairs, choose two films you have both seen recently and compare the 14. To role play dialogues imitating
a spoken model.
aspects suggested (a f). Use the expressions in the box.
as good / bad as better / worse rather different 16. To role play an interview.
more / less / terribly / incredibly amusing / boring / interesting / popular 17. To reflect on the contents of
a. Characters c. Location e. Subject the lesson and relate them to
b. Length of the film d. Sound track f. Type of film personal experiences.

35
Language Note Gerunds
1. Read these sentences from the interview paying special attention to the
words in bold.
a. Wearing fashionable clothes is not important.
b. I love raising kids and I love writing books.
c. I will dedicate more time to writing vampire stories.
2. Study these examples and those in Point 1 and try to identify the
function of the gerund.
a. Driving a car is quite difficult.
b. Kenny loves driving his fathers car.
c. Mrs Adams is really tired of driving.
3. As gerunds function as nouns, they can take the role of subjects, objects
American v/s British English and objects of a preposition in a sentence.
In both sentences a. the gerund is the subject of the sentence; in
movie theater sentences b. it is the object of a sentence and in sentences c. it is the
object of a preposition (in this case to, but it could also be after, before,
cinema between, from, of, etc.).
12 Complete these sentences with information from the interview and a

gerund. Can you identify the function of the gerund?
a. ___________________________ was quite a surprise for the interviewer.
b. After ___________________ about a human girl___________________ a
vampire, Stephanie started ___________________________________.
c. Stephanie didnt expect such success because _____________________
she had planned to do.
d. Stephanie thinks that ________________________ could ruin her books.
e. Next year, Stephanie will dedicate more time to ____________________.
1
13 Match the questions in column A (a d) with the answers in column B
(i iv). Then match the dialogues with the pictures on the left (1 4).
A B
i. Im absolutely certain Im right. The
a. Are you sure its the right size for me?
2 answer is Of Love and Shadows.
ii. Im not sure, but I think its the first
b. Is this your final answer?
street on the right.
c. Can I have three of those flowers, please? iii. Lovely! Your girlfriendll love these roses.
3 iv. Well, actually, it looks a bit too big for
d. Excuse me, where is Dalton Street?
you.
14 19 Listen and practise the dialogues in Exercise 13 with a partner. Role play
them in front of the class.
4

36
15 MINITEST Use gerunds to complete the second sentence so that it has a American v/s British English
similar meaning to the first sentence. 8 pts.
a. My father repairs all kinds of things. vacation
My father is good at ___________________________________________.
b. Im sorry I didnt arrive on time. holiday
Im sorry for ______________________________________________ late.
c. Fruits and vegetables are good for our health.
__________________________________________ is good for our health.
d. My sister usually does her homework and then watches TV.
My sister usually watches TV after ________________________________.
0 3 6

You and a partner are going to prepare and present c. The first interviewer should ask all his / her
an interview. questions and then you must change roles.
a. Each of you must choose a topic, one of these Ask the questions one at a time and wait for
ideas or one of your own: a favourite type of the answer.
film / a favourite writer / a person in your Encourage responses with occasional nods of
family / a place to go on holiday / your likes and the head, comments, polite noises, etc.
dislikes / your future plans. d. Change roles.
b. Prepare a list of questions you want to ask your e. Discuss both interviews. How did you feel as an
partner. Consider these aspects. interviewer and as an interviewee? Which role
Questions should start with what, when, was more comfortable?
where, who, why, which. f. Use these points to evaluate your performance.
Avoid questions that require a yes / no answer. Say Yes or No.
Be as neutral as possible and dont offer your e instructions.
ed th e sugg estions offered in th
opinions or ideas in the questions. W e follow interview.
te ou r qu estio ns and used them in the
Avoid wording that might influence answers. We wro cabulary and
others grammar, vo
Example: So why dont you like Isabel Allendes We corrected each
books? pronunciation. e lesson.
Dont ask questions that you know might be ed wor ds, struc tu res and ideas from th
We us s.
l of each others idea
embarrassing to the interviewee. We were respectfu

a. Whats your opinion of films based on novels? Can you give more examples?
b. Would you change the way you are in order to be with someone you love?
c. What would you do if the boy or girl that you love belonged to an urban
tribe that you really dislike?
d. Would you marry a physically disadvantaged person? Why? Why not?
Interviewee: (noun) the person who answers the questions in an interview.

37
1 Read the plot below. Do you know the name of the film?
h his uncle
Living in Privet Drive wit
young
and aunt is very hard for
a car
Harry. His parents died in
a ba by, and
crash when he was still
Vernon
he is being brought up by
and Petunia Dursley.
stairs, and
wn rea son , Ha rry is living in the closet under the
For some unkno is
dleys favourite activity
a slave than like a fam ily member. His cousin Du
the Dursleys treat him more like
e.
bothering Harry all the tim ool of Witchcraft
a my ste rio us let ter fro m a certain Hogwarts Sch
On his eleventh birthday
, upon receiving a wizard and a witch.
the tru th ab ou t his origins. His parents were
discove rs -shaped scar
and Wizardry, Harry finally ev il wiz ard Vo lde mo rt. Harry still has a lightning
g him from the o somehow deprived
They were killed protectin sur viv ed the attack as a baby, and als
t even t. Since he g disbelievers in
on his forehead from tha ou s in the wo rld of wiz ardry. The Dursleys, stron
he became fam
Voldemort of his powers, self.
anything about his true
magic, never told Harry Ho gwarts, Harry makes frie
nds with
a wiz ard be gin s. At
ppy and his training as them accidentally
Harry is surprised but ha asl ey an d He rm ion e Granger. The three of
youngsters, Ro n We ing that
teachers and two other ma ste r, Sev eru s Snape, is plotting to steal someth
find out that the potions quest for the
do g is gu ard ing jea lou sly. The three youngsters
a three-headed y school
many obstacles: everyda
truth leads them across
h match (Quidditch is a
life, a bewitched Quidditc
ffy, the three-headed
popular wizard sport), Flu
er problems to overcome
monster dog and many oth
ject.
to get to the guarded ob
and his friends, the
Luckily for young Harry
d Voldemort is defeated
situation is cleared up an
once again.
er and the Sorcerers
.). Plot Summary for Harry Pott
Adapted from: Reischl, J. (n.d Stone. Retrieved June 14, 2012,
from
itle/ tt02 415 27/ plot sum mary
http://www.imdb.com/t
Bother: (verb) to annoy, worry, or upset sb; to cause sb trouble or pain. Deprive: (verb) to prevent sb from having or doing sth, especially sth
important. Jealously: (adv.) showing a great interest in keeping or protecting sth. Truth: (noun) the true facts about sth, rather than the things that
have been invented or guessed.
38
2 Read the plot carefully again and put these pictures in order.
1 2 3
4 5 6
3 Find all the gerunds and present participles in the story. List them separately
in your notebook, copying the complete sentences. American v/s British English
4 Read the plot again and use the diagram below to summarise it. Write the summarize
summary in your notebook. The pictures in Exercise 2 can help you.
summarise
a. Where did the action happen? b. When did it happen?
Event map
c. Who participated? d. What happened? e. How did it end?
5 Which gerund would you use to complete the instructions for these
traffic signs?
a. Pedestrian b. Animal c. _____________ d. No U- e. No

____________. ____________. prohibited. ____________. ____________.

39
JUST FOR FUN
1 Can you detect the contradictions in these writing tips? Can you correct them?
I N G T IPS
WRIT tives. and om
it it
n e g a r u s e
no dou
ble rope
r u s e h e f o r its p
a. Nev
e trop
v e t h e apos . .
er eeded bjects
b. Res n o t n e i r s u
where
its th th
a g ree wi t.
r b s h as t o
e n t s . y w o rds ou
c. Ve ragm ou a n
n t ence f s ee if y
d. No
s e l y t o sary.
e a d c areful , n o t neces n d out wh
en
o o f r a r e i l l f i n
e. Pr
o m m a s, that w o r k , you w o f r e petitio
id c our dea l ng
f. Avo u r e read y a t a great g a n d editi
ny o ork t h eadi n
g. Whe a d your w d e d by rer
r e av o i
you re can be oid
o u r w o r k
! ( I n f act, av
in y rks!!!
r w o r k. a m a t i on ma
you e exc l
overus . ion.
D o n o t p o s s i ble!!!!) a c o njunct .
h. h
w h eneve
r
n t e n ce wit t n e c essary
the m tas e e no
d o n ot star s , a s theyr
ctio n
i. And e contra und fis
hy.
s o .
j. Don
t u
i s m s th a t s
d u n d ancies
moder
n re n.
A v o i d r e p e titive d a l l i teratio
k. r use cte
v er, eve r d or affe ould
N e k w a rks. cker w
l.
y s a v oid aw o t a t i on ma e l l c h e
m. Alw
a of qu g. (You
r sp
o v eruse l l i n e.)
n. Av
o i d
y o u re s p e
e r r o rs her
ck ree
yz che the th 012,
o. Awa u p o n e o f
e tr ieved Ma
rch 15, 2 s
g -tip
n l y p ick v e r b . w riting ti p s. R
d -- -funny-w
ri ti n
o ce a read - fu n n y
worth -a -r e a
v e r y senten 2 4
Worth a
, 2007). m/forum/2007
/01/24/
p. E nymous (J
an
o
u a ry
w.abctale
://ww
s.co
from: An from http
Adapted
UNIT 2
40
2 Enjoy these cartoons and comment them in your group.
a b
One of So you say
the people who on your application
applied for the that you are fluent
position of journalist in two languages. Text
at our newspaper English and? messaging.
wants to know why
he didnt get the
job.
CHILEAN CONNECTION
Il Postino is a 1994 film directed by Michael Radford.
It tells a fictional story of Chilean poet Pablo Neruda
and a simple postman - Mario Ruoppolo - who learns
to love poetry. The young postman delivers mail to
only one customer, Neruda, exiled to Italy because of
his views. before the birth of the child, at a rally in Naples. He
had been selected to read his poetry, dedicated to
In the meantime, Mario meets a beautiful young
Neruda, for the crowd, but police stormed the place
lady, Beatrice, in the villages only cafe. With the help
before he could reach the stage.
of Neruda, Mario is able to better communicate his
love to her through the use of metaphors. Mario Beatrice gives Neruda the recording of island
and Beatrice are later married, and at the same sounds, which also includes the sounds of Marios
time Neruda and his wife are allowed to return to death at the rally.
Chile. Some months later, Mario makes a nostalgic
recording of island sounds for Neruda, including the The screenplayof the film was adapted from the
heartbeat of his unborn son. novel Ardiente Paciencia, by Antonio Skrmeta.
Adapted from: Wikipedia, the free enciclopedia (n.d.) Il Postino. Retrieved
Several years later, Neruda comes back to the island October 15, 2005, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_Postino
and finds Beatrice and her son in the same old
cafe. She tells him that Mario had been killed just
Screenplay: (noun) the words that are written for a film, together with instructions for how it is to be acted and filmed.

41
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
READING UNUSUAL VAMPIRES by Leah S.
Twilight based on the first book in

the best-selling series by Stephanie
Meyer is a faithful adaptation
that will captivate fans and new
audiences.
The film follows the story of Bella
Swan (Kristen Stewart), a normal
girl who moves into a secret
supernatural world when she
falls in love with her mysterious
classmate, Edward Cullen (Robert
Pattinson), who just happens to
be a vampire. This is not a typical
vampire tale; if you are looking for
clichd stereotypes with fangs, coffins, and stakes through the heart, this is not the
(*1)
film for you. Director Catherine Hardwicke and screenwriter Melissa Rosenberg stay true
to Meyers vision and show a story of the ultimate forbidden love .
(*2)
Hardwicke once again proves her knack for portraying raw teenage experiences, as she
did in Thirteen and Lords of Dogtown. She directs a young cast of phenomenal talent.
Kristen Stewart gives a fresh, honest take on Bella. Her simple interpretation allows
viewers to live vicariously (*3) through Bella and experience what she does. Pattinson
conveys Edwards inner troubles really well; his complex perception of the character
creates a believable Edward.
The film also has an outstanding supporting cast. Billy Burke as Bellas father, Ashley
Greene as Alice Cullen, and Michael Welch as Mike Newton offer excellent interpretations.
The film itself is visually dynamic; it is shot in crisp blue tones and the costumes are
pallid, not the traditional vampire attire. Filmed in Portland, Oregon, the film features
stunning views and beautiful landscapes. Using extreme close-ups and unusual angles,
the camera work gives the film an intimate, realistic feel. The music ties in to the story
perfectly; consisting of moody rock songs, the soundtrack fits the tone.
The book and the film are equally satisfying, but in different ways, and neither is better.
While you can imagine the detailed story unfolding in your head when reading the book,
the film creates a sweet condensed version for the big screen. Both allow you to lose
yourself in this passionate, unorthodox romance.
eviews/article/65635/Twilight/
Adapted from: Leah, S. (n.d.) Twilight. Retrieved April 10, 2012, from http://www.teenink.com/reviews/movie_r
(*1) : colmillos, atades y estacas (*2) : amor prohibido (*3) : indirectamente
UNIT 2
42
1 Read this film review. What is the writers 5 Circle the gerunds and underline the present
general view of the film? 1 pt. participles in these sentences. 5 pts.
a. Positive. a. He was playing football when I saw him
b. Negative. yesterday.
c. Neutral. b. There is only one great passion in his life:
writing books.
2 Read the review again and match the names in c. Thank you for giving me such a beautiful gift.
column A with the roles in column B. 6 pts. d. What is she doing here?
e. I hate doing the same thing twice.
A B
Bella Swan Author / Writer LISTENING OPINIONS FROM MOSCOW
Billy Burke Film director
Catherine Hardwicke Main female character 6 20 Listen to the recording and circle
Melissa Rosenberg Main male actor the best option. 5 pts.
Robert Pattinson Screenwriter a. The young man in the conversation is a film
Stephanie Meyer Supporting actor director / a librarian.
b. Some readers like to add a little adventure /
3 Read the review once more and answer romance as well.
these questions. 3 pts. c. The teenagers favourite type of book is
fantasy / romantic fiction.
a. Is the film a typical vampire story? d. The teenager saw a film based on her favourite
Why/why not? book last month / last week.
b. Where was the film shot? e. It was fun watching the rest of the actors /
c. What is the reviewers opinion of the music people.
of the film?
7 20 Who said these sentences, the
LANGUAGE British teenager (BT) or the Russian
young man (RYM)? 5 pts.
4 Complete these sentences with a gerund and a. _____: Teens in my country normally like
your own ideas. 5 pts. books with a little bit of mystery.
a. Im not interested in ___________________ b. _____: Ive read all the books and remember
____________________________________. even the smallest details.
c. _____: What did you think of the film?
b. ________________________________ is the
best form of exercise. d. _____: Was there anything about the film
that you didnt like?
c. ________________________________ is not
very good for your health. e. _____: There were also things that I missed.
d. I really enjoy __________________________
_______________________ in my free time.
e. The teacher talked about the importance of
____________________________________.

43
SPEAKING WRITING
8 Use the expressions in the box to fill in the 9 Choose a film you have seen or a book you have
spaces in the conversation below. Practise and read recently and write a short review (max. 90
role play it with a partner. 8 pts. words). Remember to include the plot, your
opinion about the director and the cast and a
I am sure thats right I am not really sure few words about the soundtrack. 10 pts.
I am quite certain I am not certain if
certainly are I think You are right
Juliet: __________ Ive seen that James Bond

film before.
Brenda: __________ youre wrong. Youve seen
Casino Royale, but not Quantum of
Solace.
Juliet: __________ about Casino Royale, but
__________ if I saw the other film too.
Brenda: The two films __________ quite similar.
Juliet: Now that I remember, Quantum of
Solace was filmed in Latin America,
wasnt it?
Brenda: Argentina, I think.
Juliet: No, __________ it was a different
country. Let me thinkChile! Yes,
__________ it was Chile.
Brenda: __________. They filmed it somewhere
in the desert, didnt they?

44
SELF - EVALUATION
9 - 10 Great Identified almost all the information.
6 - 8 Good Identified most of the information.
4 - 5 OK Identified some of the information.
0 - 3 Poor Deduced some of main ideas and answered just a few of the questions correctly.
9 - 10 Great Identified almost all of the information. 4 - 5 OK Identified some of the information.
6 - 8 Good Identified most of the information. 0 - 3 Poor Deduced just a few bits of information.
Language You are expected to identify and apply two language points.
9 - 10 Great Understood and applied the language points in all cases. 4 - 5 OK Understood and applied the language points in some cases.
6 - 8 Good Understood and applied the language points in most cases. 0 - 3 Poor Deduced and applied the language points in very few cases.
Task Score Score Score
Completed the dialogue with seven Practically no language mistakes. Fluid interaction, good pronunciation,
3 2 3
or eight of the correct alternatives. no hesitation.
Completed the dialogue with five A few language mistakes. Fluid interaction, a few pronunciation
or six of the correct alternatives. 2 1 2
Completed the dialogue with three Language mistakes interfere with Fluid interaction, some pronunciation
or four of the correct alternatives. 1 comprehension. 0 1
Used only one or two of the correct Interaction affected by pronunciation
0 0
alternatives in the dialogue. mistakes and a lot of hesitation.
Writing You are expected to write a short film review.

Wrote a review including all the Practically no grammar or Correct spelling, neat presentation.
4 3 3
required details. vocabulary mistakes.
Wrote a review with most of the Very few grammar or vocabulary A few spelling mistakes, some
3 2 2
required details. mistakes. presentation problems.
Wrote a review with some of the Some grammar and vocabulary Several spelling mistakes, quite a few
2 1 1
Wrote a review with very few or Grammar and vocabulary mistakes A lot of spelling mistakes, poor
1 0 0
none of the required details. interfere with comprehension. presentation.

I reflected on the issues of love, family opinions and diversity.
I used different techniques to help me to understand.
I made myself understood even if I made some mistakes.
I interacted with other students to do the exercises.

45
UNIT 3
READING: find and classify information / deduce the meaning of new words. GRAMMAR: the Subjunctive with different verbs.
LISTENING: identify information provided prior to listening / discriminate between correct VOCABULARY: words from the areas of technology and
and incorrect information. scientific inventions.
ORAL PRODUCTION: imitate model dialogues / complete conversations with provided
information.
You will use the following text types:
WRITTEN PRODUCTION: prepare a brochure / summarise information.
READING: a brochure.
FUNCTIONS: introduce yourself and others.
LISTENING: an interview.

The importance of green technology and the conservation of our environment.

46
TECHNOLOGY
1 Match the speech bubbles (a d) with the people in the pictures (1 4). 4 pts.
a b c d
Hi Id like you Let me Meet
everybody! My to meet Laura, who introduce Dr. Glen Giovanni; he is an
names Ursula and is an astronomer. Jackson. He is a agronomist.
Im a computer chemist.
engineer
1 2 3 4
2 Which of the following were invented in the 20th century? Mark with a tick (). 7 pts.
a. ____ The aeroplane. e. ____ The microwave oven.
b. ____ The diesel engine. f. ____ The telephone.
c. ____ The Global Positioning System. g. ____ The typewriter.
d. ____ The karaoke machine. h. ____ Velcro tape.
3 Match the sources of energy in the box with their pictures (1 4). 4 pts.
Geothermal Nuclear Solar Wind
1 2 3 4
Your score:
6 10: Your knowledge of technology is good, but you could improve your vocabulary looking up some words.
11 15: Great job. You are ready to start the lesson.
1. a. - 4. b. 3. c. 2. d. 1. 2. a., c., d., e., h. 3. Geothermal 2. Nuclear 3. Solar 4. Wind 1.

47
o n1 PLANET SAVING TECHNOLOGY READING
Less
Learning abilities BEFORE YOU READ

1. To connect content and 1 Answer and discuss these questions in your group.
previous knowledge.
a. What is the most important technological invention of all time?
2. To classify key words.
b. What technological invention in your house could you not live without?
3. To identify cognates. c. How does technology affect our lives and our planet?
4. To predict content from
cognates and familiar words. 2 Classify the words in the box under the corresponding category.
astronomer astronomy chemist chemistry design designer
ecologist ecology engineer engineering geneticist genetics
physicist physics research researcher science scientist
Discipline / Field People who work in it
3 Which words in Exercise 2 look or sound similar in Spanish?
4 Which words from Exercise 2 would you expect to find in a text about
green technology?
WHILE YOU READ

Learning abilities
5 Read the text on pages 50 and 51 and check your predictions in Exercise 4.
5. To validate predictions.
6. To identify type of text. 6 What kind of text is it? Choose one option.
7. To infer meaning of words and a. A newspaper article. b. A brochure. c. A web page.
expressions.
8. To match information. 7 This text has some scientific words such as photovoltaic and phyto-
9. To transfer relevant remediation. Read the text again and find at least five other scientific
information to a visual terms. Can you deduce their meaning? Check the meaning of the other
organiser. words in a dictionary.
10. To identify textual references.
11. To find, support and classify 8 Read the text again and choose one heading (a d) for each part of the text
specific information. (I - III). There is one heading you do not need to use.
a. Fresh from Salty Water c. Making the Sun Work for us
b. Harnessing the Power of the Wind d. Natural Disposal of Toxic Waste
UNIT 3
48
9 Read the text again. Find and classify at least three more inventions of each
type.
Conventional inventions Green inventions
a brochure is a pamphlet
or booklet, especially one
Calculator ____________ Solar cells ____________ containing summarised or
__, __,
______________, ______ ______________, ______ introductory information
________. ________.
or advertising?
10 These words are highlighted in the text. What do they refer to?
a. it (I, paragraph 1, line 6) It refers to _________________.
b. they (I, paragraph 3, line 4) It refers to _________________.
c. we (II, paragraph 2, line 5) It refers to _________________.
d. it (II, paragraph 4, line 3) It refers to _________________.
e. it (III, paragraph 2, line 1) It refers to _________________.
f. they (III, paragraph 4, line 2) It refers to _________________.
11 Read the text once more and list at least one advantage and one
disadvantage for each invention.
Invention Advantage Disadvantage
I.
II.
III.
AFTER YOU READ Learning abilities
12 22 Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of certain inventions. 12. To participate in a guided oral
dialogue.
Choose the answers from the options below. Check with the recording.
Then listen, practise with a partner and role play the dialogue. 13. To apply new vocabulary and
structures.
a. I prefer food cooked and heated on conventional cookers. 14. To practise a structure.
b. I think it has improved our communications. 15. To evaluate learning.
c. It is really very dangerous for humans and animals.
16. To create a new text.
d. To use it you need a place with a lot of sunshine.
e. Yes, but we must be careful with our environment. 17. To reflect on the contents of
the lesson and relate them to
Jordan: What do you think is the biggest disadvantage of nuclear energy? own experiences.
Alice: _______________________________________________________.
Jordan: And what do you think is the problem with solar energy?
Alice: _______________________________________________________.
Jordan: Do you think that the invention of the Internet has improved our lives?
Alice: _______________________________________________________.
Jordan: And whats the advantage of heating up food in microwaves?
Alice: _______________________________________________________.
Jordan: Should we use more geothermal energy in Chile?
Alice: _______________________________________________________.
HYPERTEXT: digital resources and activities TECHNOLOGY

49
I
PLANET
Solar energy is the
suns rays (solar
radiation) that
SAVING reach the earth; it

can be converted
TECHNOLOGY
into other forms of
energy, such as heat
and electricity. In
fact, as far back as the 1830s, British
a solar
astronomer John Herschel proposed that
in times
Technology is important in our lives and thermal collector box be used to cook food
during
e layer
when the earth is getting warmer, the ozon an expedition to Africa.
scarce,
more depleted, and natural resources very energy of
it is important to promote technology that will Today, energy specialists suggest that the
converting
make the world greener. Some well-known
green the sun can have other uses, for example
plastic for use in
technology includes wind turbines, recycled it into thermal energy to heat water
and to heat
and bio-fuels. Here are three more exam
ples. homes, buildings, or swimming pools,
, homes,
spaces such as the inside of greenhouses
and other buildings.
tricity in two
Solar energy can be converted into elec
ways:
solar cells
Photovoltaic devices (PV devices) or
PV
change sunlight directly into electricity.
ote loca tion s that
systems are often used in rem
The y are
are not connected to the electric grid.
and
also used to power watches, calculators,
lighted road signs.
e electricity
Solar power plants indirectly generat
ctors is
when the heat from solar thermal colle
m that is
used to heat a fluid which produces stea
used to power generators.
ily
Even though the rays of the sun are read
ntag es: the
available, there are still some disadva
earths
amount of sunlight that arrives on the
end s on location,
surface is not constant and dep
con ditions.
time of day, time of year, and weather
that we
Today, electrical engineers recommend
stable sola r
install solar panels in areas with
s.
conditions such as deserts and sunny area
Power : (verb) to supply a machine or vehicle with the energy that makes it work.
UNIT 3
50
III
II
saline water
Humans cannot drink saline water, but
ess is called
can be made into freshwater; this proc help us
desalination. As long as we have lots of
salty water, Ecologists urge that we plant forests to
we plant
we can make plenty of freshwater supplie
s. breathe better, and scientists insist that
idea
, shortages forests to clean up toxic waste. That is the
As the world population continues to grow behind phyto-remediation, tech nolo gy that uses
not only in industrial
of fresh water will occur more often, and vegetation to absorb dangerous waste from
wat er (from the
certain locations. In some areas, salt plants and other polluters.
ed into
ocean, for instance) is already being turn s, but it
freshwater for drinking. Chemis ts advise that we set The technique has been around for year
e is a
up more desalination plants in areas whe
re there is has not been very effective. However, ther
e toxic dum ping
water shortage . new twist that promises to mak
Res hers
earc
grounds green in more ways than one.
kinds earliest
Desalination / Distillation is one of man at York University in Britain have identifi
ed bacteria
a popular
forms of water treatment, and it is still living in the roots of certain trees that prod uce an
ld today. In ancient , a chemical
solution throughout the wor enzyme that eats up residue from RDX
ess on their
times, many civilisations used this proc compound used by the military and indu
stry.
water. In
ships to convert sea water into drinking The scientists are working on ways to gen etically
ess resp onsible s ability to
nature, distillation is a basic proc engineer the enzyme to increase the tree
water to
for the hydrologic cycle. The sun causes absorb toxic waste.
lakes, oceans,
evaporate from surface sources such as the University
and streams. The water vapour even tual ly comes in Meanwhile, a team of geneticists from
bacteria
contact with cooler air, where it re-cond
enses to form of Georgia has transplanted a gene from
tam inat ion into
dew or rain. This proc
ess can be imitated artificially, that helps to neutralise mercury con
ediation
and more rapidly than in nature, using
alternative a common flower - the result is a bio-rem
sources of heating and cooling. system that smells nice too!
ly interesting,
Provided that we have salty water availabl
e, we Even though these technologies are real
available
can distil or desalinate it. However, the
main there is a little problem: they are still not
an expensive process. on a large scale.
disadvantage is that it is still
Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press.

mentals of Renewable Energy Processes. (2 ed.).
nd
Adapted from: da Rosa, A.V. (2005). Funda
Shortage : (noun) a situation when there is not enough of the people or things that are needed.
Dew: (noun) the very small drops of water that form on the ground, etc. during the night.

51
13 Go back to the text and find sentences that mean the same as these.
Learning tip
a. Although solar energy is quite common, there are still some problems.
b. It was, in reality, a British scientist who used solar energy for the first time.
We use certain
c. If we have plenty of salty water, we can turn it into fresh water.
connectors to link parts
of sentences and to
make short sentences
into longer ones. Some
of them are:
Even though, even if. Language Note The Subjunctive with that
They mean although.
We also use even if 1. Read these sentences from the text paying special attention to the parts
to indicate something in bold.
theoretical or
a. British astronomer John Herschel proposed that a solar thermal
hypothetical.
Example: collector box be used to cook food.
Even though he is b. Ecologists urge that we plant forests.
Chilean, he can speak c. Chemists advise that we set up more desalination plants.
English very well. 2. What do you notice about all these sentences? Choose two
In fact means in reality. correct options.
Example: a. They are all in the past tense.
Sandra is not very b. They all use the structure verb + that + infinitive without to.
friendly. In fact, she is
c. They all express a recommendation, importance or urgency.
not nice at all.
As long as, provided The correct answers are b. and c. The structure is called the Subjunctive
that indicate a mood. The Subjunctive is used after the following verbs:
condition and mean the advise ask command demand desire insist
same as if.
Example: propose recommend request suggest urge
I will help you as long 3. Go back to the text and find two more examples of the Subjunctive.
as you ask me politely.
14 Match these sentences (a d) with the pictures below (1 4). Rewrite them
in your notebook using the Subjunctive.
Example: Eat more vegetables, he urged.
He urged that we eat more vegetables.
a. Why dont we all go to the beach? Sonia suggested.
b. How about going to the cinema? I proposed.
c. Brush your teeth after each meal, dentists advise.
d. Take off your shoes before entering the temple, the sign requests.
1 2 3 4

52
15 MINITEST Use a verb from the box in the Subjunctive and your own ideas
to complete the sentences below. 6 pts.
drink fly read return take vote
a. The teacher suggested _______________________________________ as
a good example of Spanish literature.
b. The doctor recommended ______________________________________.
c. I demand ___________________________. The computer is not working!
d. She insisted __________________________________________________.
e. I propose _______________________ and once there we can rent a car.
f. The President urges ___________________________________________.
1 3 5

You are going to write a brochure in your group. d. Plan the layout of your brochure carefully.
a. Go back to the brochure on page 50 and look at Remember first impressions are lasting. Add
its format. What are its parts? Whats its length? graphs, charts, pictures, etc.
b. Choose one of the topics below (i iv), thinking e. Keep your sentences short and to the point.
about an area you feel comfortable with Give only necessary information - most people
and where you know you can find sufficient do not want to read long texts. Use the
information. Subjunctive you have learnt in this lesson.
i. What should we do about global warming f. Use headings to draw attention to sections in
and climate change? your brochure. These headings should stand out
ii. The most important inventors and - a bigger font, a different colour, or bold print.
inventions of all time. g. Proof read your brochure and make sure there
iii. The importance of computers and the World are no grammar or spelling mistakes.
Wide Web. h. Ask your teacher to help you to evaluate your
iv. Another topic of your choice. brochure. Follow these points and say Yes or No.
c. Determine the purpose of the brochure your
group will design by answering these questions. the brochure.
i. What do I want to achieve? alysed the to pics and the message of
We an re.
design of the brochu
ii. What message do I want to get across? We agreed on the
ochure in sections.
iii. Who is my target audience? We divided our br
riate information.
iv. What is the purpose of my brochure? For We included approp structures learnt in th
e lesson.
example, if you choose global warming, is expres sions and
We used nctuation.
rrected errors and pu
your message to offer a warning or simply to We checked and co
inform?

a. What have you learnt about green technology?
b. How can it affect us and our planet?
c. Has your opinion about the best invention of all time changed? Why?
Why not?
d. What is your personal contribution to protecting the future of our planet?
TECHNOLOGY
53
o n2 THE TECHNOLOGY OF LIVING THINGS LISTENING
Less

previous knowledge.
a. What do you think the word biotechnology means?
2. To match information and b. What is DNA? Does every living organism have it?
pictures that represent it.
c. What kind of instruments can you find in a science laboratory?
3. To infer the meaning of key
words. 2 Match the pictures (1 4) with the bubbles (a d).
4. To find the meaning of key
words and identify their
pronunciation.
5. To predict content from the
context.
1 2
3 4
a b c d
Susan, Id Ladies and Mum, this I dont
like you to meet my gentlemen, let me is Judy - my new think weve met
friend Bill. introduce Professor girlfriend. before. Im Jenny
Browning. Jones.
3 To which of these words can you attach the prefix bio? What do the newly
formed words mean?
cake chemistry dentist fuel logical mass physics technology
4 Mark with a tick () the areas of life in which you think biotechnology can be
used and that will be mentioned in the programme you are going to listen to.
a prefix is a part of a
word that is attached a. ____ Agriculture d. ____ Health
to the word at the b. ____ Education e. ____ Financial services
beginning to either give c. ____ Energy f. ____ Mining
it a new meaning or to
modify it? 5 23 Listen and repeat these words. Check their meaning in a dictionary.
Examples: uninteresting,
dishonest, impatient, boost breathe out crop drought increase (v.)
mispronounce, etc. ore rise spoil wrinkly yeast
UNIT 3
54
6 24 Listen to the programme and check your predictions in Exercise 4. 6. To validate predictions.
7 24 Listen again. Which of the introductions in Exercise 2 are used in the 8. To find specific supporting
information.
programme?
9. To find general and supporting
information.
8 24 Listen again and tick () the best option.
a. Where does the word biotechnology come from?
i. From three Latin words. ii. From three Greek words.
b. For how long has biotechnology been around?
i. For more than four thousand years.
ii. For more than fourteen thousand years.
c. What is the effect of yeast on bread?
i. It makes it rest. ii. It makes it rise.
d. What were fruits such as apples like before biotechnology?
i. Extremely sour. ii. Extremely soft.
e. What do Lactic bacteria do to milk?
i. They keep it from spilling. ii. They keep it from spoiling.
9 24 Listen once more and answer these questions.

a. What is the meaning of the word biotechnology?
b. How can biotechnology be used in medicine?
c. Why is it important that we plant drought resistant plants?
d. Why is it imperative that scientists are careful when doing their
experiments?
AFTER YOU LISTEN

Learning abilities
10 What is the main conclusion you can draw from the text?
10. To draw conclusions.
a. Humans havent noticed the presence of biotechnology in their lives.
b. Biotechnology is essential to improve food quality. 11. To consolidate vocabulary.
c. Its very important that scientists take care when doing their experiments. 12. To consolidate a language
point.
11 Fill in the gaps in the sentences below with these words from the listening text. 13. To imitate a spoken
model.
crops cure mixture ore toasted 14. To consolidate grammar
and vocabulary.
a. Humans rely on ___________ such as rice, wheat, and potatoes.
b. Lemonade is a ___________ of water, sugar, and lemon juice.
16. To consolidate vocabulary
c. Most copper ___________ is mined from large open pit mines. through a game.
d. My favourite food is a ___________ cheese and ham sandwich. 17. To discuss an issue.
e. There is still no ___________ for cancer and the common cold. 18. To reflect on the contents
of the lesson and relate
them to own experiences.
Rely on : (verb) to need or be dependent on sth. / sb.

55
Language Note The Subjunctive (continued)
1. Read these examples from the listening text, paying special attention to the
parts in bold.
a. Its essential that we add a living organism.
b. It is urgent that we plant crops resistant to droughts.
c. It is imperative that scientists take care when doing their experiments.
2. What do the examples have in common? Choose two correct options.
a. They are all in the future tense.
b. They all use the structure to be + adjective + that + infinitive without to.
c. They all express a sense of urgency and importance.
The answers are b. and c. and they are another use of the Subjunctive mood
in English. Other adjectives that we use in the same way are:
best crucial desirable essential imperative
important recommended urgent vital (that)
The Subjunctive is also used with the expressions it is a bad /
good idea that
3. Write sentences about the uses of biotechnology mentioned in the
listening text using the adjectives in the box above and the Subjunctive.
12 Match the two parts of the sentences. Write the complete sentences in your
notebook.
a. Christmas is approaching, so its a good idea that i. you pay attention to the traffic signs.
b. Your test is next week, so its vital that ii. you practise every day.
c. Our planet is in danger! Its urgent that iii. you begin studying now.
d. As you are an athlete, its recommended that iv. we all try to save it.
e. When you drive a car, its imperative that v. we start buying gifts.
f. To be a good musician, its important that vi. you take some extra vitamins.
13 25 Work with a partner and try to put these sentences in order to form a
conversation. The first sentence of the conversation is in red. Compare with
the recording. Listen, practise in groups of five and then role play the
conversation for the class.
Clive: Hello, Gina.
Gina: Hello, Clive.
Gina: Hi, everybody.
Gina: Nice to meet you, Naomi.
Gina: Not too bad, and you?
Gina: Tony, arent you going to introduce me?
Naomi: Nice to meet you too.
Steve: How are you doing?
Tony: And the girl on your left is Naomi.
Tony: Finally, the guy sitting next to Naomi is Steve.
Tony: Hi, Gina.
Tony: Sorry! Well, first, the guy on your right is Clive.

56
14 Use the linking expressions in the Learning Tip on page 52 to join these
sentences into one.
a. He is not an expert. He knows a lot about biotechnology.
b. It is safe to do experiments. We follow specific safety measures.
c. We still need other sources of energy. We reduce the use of fossil fuels.
15 MINITEST Finish these sentences using the Subjunctive. 8 pts.

a. It is urgent _______________. c. It is a bad idea ______________.
b. It is a good idea ___________. d. It is recommended ___________.
1 3 6
16 Play Noughts and Crosses with a partner using the subjects below (a d).
Use the Internet or the library if necessary.
a. Game 1 - inventors c. Game 3 - strange inventions
b. Game 2 - biotechnology d. Game 4 - useful inventions

You are going to discuss an issue in your group. Example: Its essential that we pay attention to
a. Choose one person to take notes. the risks.
b. Read what Dr. OHanlon said about safety in g. Ask the note-taker to read his / her notes aloud;
biotechnology: Its imperative that scientists add, check, correct and then choose a person to
take care when doing their experiments in safe be the presenter of the groups conclusions.
laboratory environments. h. Join another group and compare conclusions.
c. Discuss why it is important that we take care i. Ask your teacher to listen to the presentations
when doing experiments in a laboratory. Talk and correct errors and pronunciation.
about possible dangers and their consequences. j. Use these points to evaluate your performance.
d. List the equipment that helps to prevent accidents Say Yes or No.
in a lab (goggles, fire extinguishers, etc.) the instructions.
e. Talk about actions that should not be done in llow ed th e su ggestions offered in
We fo entation.
any laboratory. Use the subjunctive. ro te ou r idea s to use them for the pres
We w y and
cted ea ch others grammar, vocabular
Example: Its a bad idea that students eat or drink We corre
in the laboratory, while doing experiments. pronunciation. lesson.
s and ideas from the
f. List actions that should be done in the laboratory. We used words, structure

a. What does a biotechnologist do? What subjects must you study if you
want to become one?
b. Can you name at least four areas in which biotechnology is important?
c. What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of
biotechnology in connection with food?
d. If you could choose the sex or any other physical characteristics of your
child, would you do it? Why? Why not?
Goggles : (noun) a pair of glasses that fit closely to the face to protect the eyes from the wind, dust, snow, etc.

57
1 Form pairs of sentences with similar meaning. Then match them with the pictures.
a b c
Its a good idea I think it would Its important
that we cycle more. be good if we used our that we take care when
cars less and our bikes handling dangerous
more. substances.
d e f
When You should turn
Its recommended
working with off the lights when you
that you switch off the
dangerous chemical leave the room.
lights when you are not
materials, we should be
using them.
really careful.
1 2 3
2 Match the situations (a d) with the introductions (i iv). Then, add two more situations with their
corresponding introductions.
Situation Introduction
a. On the phone i. Children, let me introduce a new student. Shes Bella Young and she is from a school in Oregon.
b. On a home visit ii. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen; this is your captain speaking.
c. On a flight iii. Good morning, Miss Jenkins. You requested an electrician. Im Danny Lamb from Blue Electric.
d. At school iv. Hello? Can I speak to Irene Carter? My name is Helen Bingham and Im calling from British Telecom.
e. __________ v. ____________________________________________________________
f. __________ vi. ____________________________________________________________

58
3 Read the letter below and put this information (a - d) back into the correct places (i - iv).
a. I propose that we use the magic roundabout on other continents such as South America and Asia.
b. It is important that I first tell you why I invented it.
c. It is a good idea that they use their carousels to pump water from the holes.
d. That is why I thought it is vital that we help Africans to access water easily and cheaply.
28 March, 2010
Cape Town,
South Africa
Dear Suomi, about.
yo u are ask ing ab ou t my invention, the magic round
your letter where
Thank you very much for favourites, the carousel. Ho
w do I start
child ren s all -tim e
based on on e of the driest
It is quite simple and it is ___ __. Th e fac t is tha t parts of Africa are some of
_______________
to explain it? (i.)_________ lly scarce.
wo rld, so wa ter for dr inking and irrigation is rea
areas of the
_____________
(ii.)____________________ wa ter is from bore holes. These
holes are
the on ly acc ess to
veloping countries make the work much
In many rural areas of de d it is rea lly ve ry ha rd work! My idea was to
pump s an
usually operated by hand nd abouts and they love it. So
I thought:
ch ildren pla y on rou
easier. Every day
__________
(iii.)___________________ g, especially when it
the ir ch ild ren wasting time playin
rents do no t mi nd st water hole or
This is one time when pa en din g ho urs wa lki ng long distances to the neare
thers sp
saves them - usually the mo es, every day.
t on ly wh at the y can carry, perhaps 25 litr
well to collec and about 650
biq ue an d Za mb ia are using my invention
Uganda , Mo zam world.
Now many nations such as ___ ___ ___ _ In fac t, the system could go all over the
Africa. (iv.)____
have been installed in South t is in danger, we
est ion . It is ess en tia l tha t in times when our plane
d your qu
I hope that I have answere
take care of our resource s.
Yours,
Trevor Field
Adapted from: Lamb, C. (April17, 2005). The Magic Roundabout. The Times.
4 Which of the three pictures (1 3) corresponds to the magic roundabout? Why? Explain your choice.
1 2 3

59
JUST FOR FUN
1 Look at the pictures (1 6). Do you think that the products they advertise are real?
1 2 3
4 5 6
2 Read the descriptions of the products (a f) and match them with the pictures (1 6).
a. When it is sunny, it keeps the sun off your head. When it is raining, it keeps the rain off your face.
It is easy to use and folds up neatly when you are not wearing it.
b. It is temporary and you can remove it any time you want. You can tear off a long piece and put
it around your entire arm, or a small piece for your leg, shoulder or... well, anywhere.
c. Any time you want, you can soothe your tired muscles and rub away your tensions. Easy to use,
it runs on long-life batteries.
d. Tired of the mess a real tree can make on your carpet? Here is the answer! Thanks to the magic
of digital technology, your TV screen will display a life-like beautiful tree so fresh you can
practically smell it.
e. What can be simpler than preparing a glass of chocolate? Well, now it is even easier. Just push
the button and the Moo Moo Mixer will do the work for you.
f. Want to feel over the moon? You can now. Just order a pair of Moon Boots and you will really
believe you are walking on the surface of our only satellite. No need to travel into space!
UNIT 3
60
3 Complete these sentences with your opinion of the products.
a. I think _________________________________ is the most useless.
b. I think _________________________________ can be quite useful.
c. I would buy ____________________________________ for myself because _________________ .
d. I would buy __________________________ for my friend _______ because_________.
4 In pairs, choose one of the products and design a publicity campaign for it. Consider the following aspects.
a. Where to advertise it (TV, radio, newspapers, billboards).
b. Who would be your target audience.
c. What would be the slogan you would use.
Example: Essential no teen can do without it!
d. Where you would sell it (department stores, supermarkets, by catalogue, etc.).
CHILEAN CONNECTION
Use the Internet or books from the library to
find out the meaning of the three names of
the bacteria mentioned in the text.
Everyone knows that copper is the most important Chilean export and that the countrys economy
largely depends on it. In recent times, the technology to get pure copper from copper ore has changed
substantially. The new process, called bioleaching, is based on biotechnology.
Millions of years before the human species appeared on this planet, there already existed live
organisms capable of extracting metal from rock. These are a group of bacteria known as
chemoautotrophs (live entities that harvest energy through simple chemical reactions between
inorganic compounds such as iron, copper and sulphur). These micro organisms are truly living fossils
and are extremely successful as a form of life, as they are found in almost all the Earths crust, including
places with extreme conditions where no other type of organism can survive.
The eyes of the biggest Chilean copper producer, the state-owned Codelco, are on three tiny bacteria
identified by their indigenous names: Weneln, Licanantay and Yagn. The bacteria feed on nutrients in
the mineral, separating the sterile material from the metal, which is then collected in a solution.
Bioleaching is much cleaner and more environment-friendly than the traditional method, which uses a
powerful poison called cyanide to extract the metal from the ore. Besides, bioleaching produces less air
pollution and little damage to geological formations, since the bacteria occur there naturally.
Adapted from: What is Bioleaching? (n.d.) Retrieved April 24, 2012,
from: http://www.innovateus.net/earth-matters/what-bioleaching
Ore : (noun) rock, earth, etc. from which metal can be obtained. Live : (adj.) living, not dead.
TECHNOLOGY
61
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
READING __________
spheric
co st of de ve loping the alternative of strato
clouds by spraying ion. This scheme would
mimic the
Special ships that create co st ae ria l ins ert
be the most ating a hazy
seawater into the air could , ne w co oli ng effect of volcanoes by cre r
effective way of tackling
climate ch an ge ot, which would scatte
layer of particles like so
research has found. ng a cooling effect for
and absorb sunlight, creati
marine cloud at least a year.
The technique, known as e th e
clouds ab ov plan
whitening, would create ect Th e fina l su ggestion considered was a
have a cooling eff e to shield
Pacic Ocean that would . to lau nc h tiny sunshades into spac
ay from Earth Suns rays. However,
by reflecting sunlight aw Earth from some of the mical
flee t of ne arl y 2,0 00 sh ips th is wa s disco unted due to its astrono
A wind-powered
a, sucking up sea water cost of 236 trillion.
would criss-cross the se
through tall funnels. d the overall cost
and spraying it upwards The authors also compare that
sa ltw ate r into th e air , you of the sch em es with the cost / benefits
When you spray . These
i th at clo ud s co nd en se around, red uc ing temperatures would have
create nucle sts on health,
r an d wh ite r clouds, this way wo uld include the human co
creati ng big ge agriculture
su nli gh t ba ck into sp ac e, said im pa ct on different industries such as
bouncing more ooding.
g, a sci en tis t in ch arg e of the study. and tourism, and the effect of fl
David Yo un
t on
th at clo ud They found every 1 spen
The stu dy fou nd uld reap
eff ec tiv ely stratospheric aerosols wo
whitening could 15 of benefits; howeve
r, every 1
wipe ou t th e eff ec ts of g would
is ce nt ur y spent on cloud whitenin
climate change th bring 2,000 of benefits.
with a cost of no t mo re
ing non-
than 5.3 billion. This is
a They added that develop
s will
fraction of the 150 billio
n fossil fuel energy source
though
that leading nations are take a very long time. Al
les are
considering spending hybrid and electric vehic
are still a
on the reduction of CO2 available in Britain, they
vernment
emissions each year. niche market despite go
n 25 tim es incentives to go green.
It is also mo re tha
lion
cheaper than the 140 bil
Taken from: Bates, C. (Last updated 2009, August 7) The cloud ships that
could cancel out effects of global warming this century for 5.3bn. Mail Online. Retrieved February 20, 2012,
from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1205040/
Cloud-ships-cancel-effects-global-warming-century-5-3bn.html
Soot: (noun) black powder that is produced when wood, coal, etc. is burnt.
Scatter: (verb) to throw or drop things in different directions so that they cover an area of ground.
Reap : (verb) to obtain sth., especially sth. good, as a direct result of sth. that you have done.
UNIT 3
62
1 Read the text and choose one of these 6 26 Listen again and tick () the inventions
titles for it. 1 pt. that are mentioned. 2 pts.
a. Cheap Measures To Eliminate Global a. ___ Cutting edge computer programming.
Warming b. ___ Genetic manipulation of skin cancer cells.
b. Global Warming The Latent Danger c. ___ Laser technology for medical use.
c. Green Ships Fight Global Warming d. ___ Tiny scissors for laboratory use.
2 Read the text again and match the numbers in 7 26 Listen to the interviews again and
column A with what they correspond to in circle what you hear. 4 pts.
column B. 4 pts. a. They are opened and closed with laser
rays / light.
A B b. We use them to hold and even to cut / divide
15 The total cost of cloud whitening. molecules, genes and other tiny objects.
2,000 The number of ships to be used in the project. c. I saw it in a magazine / on TV the other day.
5.3 billion The cost governments are considering d. Doctors rub a small / tiny amount of special
spending on the reduction of CO2 emissions. cream into the skin.
150 billion Benefits for each pound spent on
stratospheric aerosols. 8 26 Listen to the interviews once more and
complete these sentences. 3 pts.
3 Read the text again. Are these
a. A nanometre is ________________________.
statements true or false? 4 pts.
b. Invention 1, the ________________, is useful
a. ______ The cost of cloud whitening is lower
because ______________________________.
than any other way of fighting global warming.
c. Invention 2, the ________________, is useful
b. ______ The cloud whitening project would
because ______________________________.
be developed over the Atlantic Ocean.
c. ______ An alternative way to combat global
warming is to use giant umbrellas.
d. ______ There are no hybrid or electrical
vehicles in Britain.
4 Read the text once more. What are the

two main advantages of using
marine cloud whitening? 2 pts.
a. ____________________________________.
b. ____________________________________.
LISTENING CUTTING EDGE TECHNOLOGY
5 26 Listen to two short interviews. Where

does each one take place? Choose from
the options provided. 2 pts.
Interview I: _______ Interview II: _______
a. In a coffee shop. c. In the street.
b. In a laboratory. d. In a university classroom.
TECHNOLOGY
63
LANGUAGE SPEAKING
9 Rewrite these sentences using the provided 12 Match the introductions (a d) with the pictures
openings. 4 pts. (1 4). Then practise them with a partner and
a. Drink lots of water and have three light role play them in front of
meals a day, the doctor suggested. another pair. 10 pts.
The doctor suggested __________________. a. Claire: Tom, Id like you to meet my
b. Submit the paper on Monday at the latest, parents, John and Susan.
the teacher insisted. Tom: Nice to meet you.
The teacher insisted ____________________. b. Gareth: Hi, everybody. My names
c. We should sell the tickets at 3 pounds Gareth Fitzgerald and Im from
each, Marie proposed. Ireland.
Marie proposed ________________________. Friends: Hello, Gareth.
d. We must take the necessary steps to c. Ben: Mrs Gibbs, may I introduce my
reduce global warming now! the scientist boss, Mr Palmer?
recommended. Mrs Gibbs: How do you do, Mr Palmer?
The scientist recommended _____________.
d. Diana: Penny, meet John, my husband.
10 Use one of the linking words in the box to Penny: Delighted to meet you, John.
complete the sentences. 3 pts.
as long as even though in fact
a. He didnt study for the test. ______________,
I was surprised that he passed it at all.
b. I will help you with the dishes ____________
you dry and put them away.
c. ______________ she looks oriental, she was 1 2
born and brought up in Toronto.
11 Finish these sentences using your

own ideas. 3 pts.
a. Its essential __________________________.
b. Its vital ______________________________.
c. Its urgent ____________________________.
3 4
WRITING
Go back to the brochure on page 62 and

summarise it in about 100 words. Include a short
description of the three inventions and the
advantages and disadvantages of each one. Use
the Subjunctive wherever possible. 10 pts.

64
SELF - EVALUATION
5 - 8 Good Grasped most of main ideas and answered most questions correctly.
2 - 4 OK Grasped some of main ideas and answered some questions correctly.
0 - 1 Poor Deduced some of main ideas and answered just one or two questions correctly.
9 - 11 Great Identified almost all the information. 2 - 4 OK Identified some of the information.
5 - 8 Good Identified most of the information. 0 - 1 Poor Deduced a few bits of information.
Language You are expected to apply the subjunctive and three connectors.
8 - 10 Great Applied all items in all cases. 2 - 4 OK Applied some items in some cases.
5 - 7 Good Applied most items in most cases. 0 - 1 Poor Applied the items only in one or two cases.
Speaking You are expected to role play dialogues of introduction. Assign 1/2 point for each correct match picture introduction and the other
8 points according to these criteria.
Role played the four dialogues Practically no language mistakes. Fluid interaction, good pronunciation,
3 2 3
appropriately. no hesitation.
Role played three of the dialogues A few language mistakes. Fluid interaction, a few pronunciation
appropriately. 2 1 2
Role played two of the dialogues Language mistakes interfere with Fluid interaction, some pronunciation
appropriately. 1 comprehension. 0 1
Role played only one or none of the Interaction affected by pronunciation
0 0
dialogues appropriately. mistakes and a lot of hesitation.
Writing You are expected to write a summary.

Wrote a summary following all the Practically no grammar or Correct spelling and neat presentation.
4 3 3
indications. vocabulary mistakes.
Wrote a summary following most Very few grammar or vocabulary A few spelling mistakes and some
3 2 2
of the indications. mistakes. presentation problems.
Wrote a summary following some Some grammar and vocabulary Several spelling mistakes and quite a
2 1 1
of the indications. mistakes. few presentation problems.
Wrote a summary, but followed very Grammar and vocabulary mistakes A lot of spelling mistakes and poor
1 0 0
few of the indications. interfere with comprehension. presentation.

I reflected on my personal contribution to preserving our planet.
I participated in the discussions related to technology issues.
I applied the learnt structures and vocabulary in the exercises.
I showed respect for other students opinions and ideas.
TECHNOLOGY
65
UNIT 4
READING: locate and classify specific information. GRAMMAR: the Past Perfect tense (affirmative, negative and
interrogative).
LISTENING: identify speakers, find specific information.
VOCABULARY: words related to art forms such as music,
ORAL PRODUCTION: talk about art forms and preferences.
painting, sculpture, and others.
WRITTEN PRODUCTION: write an article on art.
FUNCTIONS: express likes and preferences.
READING: an article.
LISTENING: a conversation.

Paying attention to, respecting and creating art in different forms.

66
YOUNG ART
1 Match the descriptions (a - e) with the pictures (1 5). 6 pts.
a. Circle - a perfectly round shape.
b. Hexagon - a geometric shape with six sides.
c. Oval - a round, flattened shape.
d. Rectangle - a geometric shape with four sides that are at right angles to each other.
e. Triangle - a geometric shape with three sides.
1 2 3 4 5
2 What shapes are these instruments? 4 pts.
1 2 3 4
3 Classify the words in the box under the corresponding category. 6 pts.
People Instruments Styles
accordion arranger ballad cellist classical composer country disc jockey

drums flute gospel jazz piano recorder reggae singer trumpet vocalist
Your score:
5 10: Well done, but you could improve your vocabulary looking up some words.
11 16: Great job. You are ready to start the lesson.
Instruments: accordion, drums, flute, piano, recorder, trumpet. Styles: ballad, classical, country, gospel, jazz, reggae.
a circle. 3 The harp is a triangle. 4 The keyboard is a rectangle. 3. People: cellist, composer, disc jockey, singer, vocalist.
1. a. - Picture 3. b. - Picture 2. c. - Picture 1. d. - Picture 5. e. - Picture 4. 2. 1 The violin is an oval. 2 The tambourine is

67
o n1 URBAN RHYTHMS READING
Less

1. To connect topic and personal 1 Answer and discuss these questions in your group.
experiences.
a. Why do you think people like music?
2. To match information and b. Why do you prefer some kinds of music to others?
pictures that represent it.
c. How many musical instruments can you name in one minute?
3. To express opinions.
4. To identify cognates. 2 Put these music styles along the time line according to the pictures and your
5. To predict using previous previous knowledge. Do the pictures help you to decide? How?
knowledge.
1 2 3
Classical Heavy metal Folk

scientists believe that
thousands of years ago,
before people learnt
how to speak, simple
music was a means of
communication? Ancient
people communicated 4 5 6
imitating animal sounds
Hip hop Pop Rock and roll
(for example, the roar
of a lion to tell their
tribe that danger was
3 Compare the types of music in Exercise 2 using the sentences provided.
approaching) or the a. ____________ music is older than hip hop.
sound of wind or water b. ____________ music is louder than classical music.
to say that a river was c. ____________ is newer than rock and roll.
near.
d. In my opinion, ____________ is better than pop music.
e. ____________ is as good as pop.
f. ____________ has more interesting lyrics than rock and roll.
g. ____________ is as entertaining to watch as heavy metal.
UNIT 4
68
4 Read the words in the box. Which of them look / sound similar in Spanish?
Do you know their meaning? Check in a dictionary.
audience captive dimension explosive lyrics popularity rhyme
5 You will read an article called The Rapping Years. What do you think it will
be about?
a. The best age to learn to play rap music.
b. The history of rap music.
c. The years when rap music was most popular.
Learning abilities
WHILE YOU READ 6. To validate predictions.
7. To identify type of text.
6 Read the text on pages 70 - 71 and check your prediction in Exercise 5.
8. To find and match specific
Explain your choice. information.
9. To find and transfer relevant
7 Where do you think the text came from? information to a visual
a. A music magazine for teens. organiser.
b. A daily newspaper. 10. To identify synonyms.
c. A magazine dedicated to fine art studies.
8 Read the text again and choose one heading (a - e) for each paragraph (I - V).
a. SOME FAMOUS RAPPERS
b. RAP CRITICS HAVE THEIR SAY Did you know that...
c. FROM AFRICA TO THE BRONX one of the oldest
d. THE AFRICAN AND JAMAICAN ROOTS OF RAP MUSIC instruments on Earth
e. DIFFERENT MUSIC THROUGH THE DECADES is the didgeridoo - the
traditional instrument of
9 Read the text again and tick the corresponding paragraph. the aboriginal peoples of
Australia used for over
I II III IV V 40,000 years?
a. Mentions different types of music. You can find information
b. Mentions female rappers. about instruments, with a
brief history of each
c. Mentions what a toast is .
at http://www.
d. Lists the bad sides of rap. localhistories.org/music.
e. Describes the typical rapper look. html
10 Find synonyms for the following words in the text. The number in brackets
indicates the paragraph.
a. Connection (I) _______________________________
b. Source (II) _______________________________
c. Bad name (III) _______________________________
d. Differentiate (IV) _______________________________
e. Words of a song (V) _______________________________
f. Locality, area where one lives (II) _______________________________
YOUNG ART
69
The development of rap music from
its inner-city roots to its breakthrough
like the Sugar Hill Gang and artists in the 80s with rappers
like Salt-n-Pepa.
Every so often, a new style of music eme
rges that takes America by
storm and comes to represent the generat
ion that grows up with it. In
the 50s, it was rocknroll, followed by
the pop of the 60s; the 1970s
brought folk music and disco, and in the
80s, it was rap. Perhaps no
other form of music has crossed as man
y boundaries and become a
bridge between Americas many cultures
as rap has. Today, the art of
rapping has evolved into something that
spans cultural and lifestyle
dimensions and appeals to all kinds of
people all over the world.
Before rap became popular, it had evolved

from African people in
general and black people born in the U.S
. in particular. Its origins can
be traced to West Africa, where tribesme
n held men of words in
high regard. When slaves were brought
to the New World, the captives
mixed American music with the beats they
had heard in Africa. Another
origin of rap is a form
of Jamaican folk stories
called toasts. These are
narrative poems that tell
stories in rhyme. Over
a hundred years later,
rapping was a street art.
Although it had first been
sung in the 1950s, three
decades later it took over
inner-city schoolyards and street corners.
Before the slightly
violent and aggressive rap of the eighties
and nineties, early
raps had been tales and insults directed
at other rappers. This
music style was slowly growing in popular
ity among black
teens in New York City, Washington, D.C
., and Philadelphia.
As early as 1974, neighbourhood block part
ies in New York
featured early forms of rapping.
Span: (verb) stretch over; extend from one point to another.
UNIT 4
70
However, it wasnt until the commercial
success of Rappers Delight, by the Sugar
Hill Gang in 1979 that major record labe
ls took notice of this explosive new
sound. Raps audience started to grow trem
endously and gain notoriety with
acts like Public Enemy, N.W.A., and Ice-
T. More than 30 years have now passed
and rap still has a huge following among
people of all ages and socio-economic
backgrounds. From its origins in the gan
g dominion of Bronx and the dancehalls
of downtown ghettos, rap music soon foun
d its way into the mainstream music
scene. Soon, not only African-Americans
were dancing to rap music. Rap music
evolved into a lyrical reflection of urban
life. Rastafari-clad youth wore oversized
shirts and jackets paired with low-riding
oversized jeans that exposed their
underwear. Heavy chain accessories also
became part of the rapper look.
Rap music, while considered by some to

a fad that would eventually lose its app be
eal, is really a form of musical art
that has become a way of expression. Elem
ents of rap music like modern
mouth percussion, vocal improvisation,
and stripped down melody make it
a unique musical experience. However,
the musical style is not without its
critics. In the 80s, many raps were com
mentaries on the hardships of ghetto
life, warnings about drugs, and about teen
age love or lust. Those topics led
some parents to fear that rap encourag
ed youths to turn to violence and
illegal substance use. Organisations such
as the Parents Music Resource
Center had fits over lyrics in rap and hip-
hop which contained explicit
references to sex, drugs, and racism. The
performers dont deny that rap
music speaks openly about harsh topics,
but they argue that audiences
should be able to distinguish between fant
asy and reality, right and wrong.
Rap historians cite young Jamaican Cliv

e Campbell as one of the proponents of
he had migrated to the Bronx he brought rap music. After
with him the art of Jamaican rapping. In
the Bronx, Campbell
was known by his nickname, Kool Her
c (short for Hercules). Other
early rappers had been Jamaicans such
as U Roy, Duke Reid, and
Sir Coxsone, followed by the next deca
de of rappers like MelleMel,
Fatback Band, Sugarhill Gang, Grandm
aster Flash, and Run-D.M.C.
The early nineties saw the entry of whi
te American rappers like
Ice Cube to the African-American-domi
nated world of rap music.
Even women rappers surfaced in the mai
nstream rap music scene.
Women rappers like Salt-N-Pepper, Mon
ie Love, and Queen Latifah
rapped over R&B melodies and expresse
d lyrics that touched on
women-related issues. Presently, rap and
its close relative hip-hop
are enjoying its largest popularity ever
as a result of its mainstream
acceptance. Thanks to artists like Kid Roc
k and Eminem, African-
Americans are not the only ones listening
anymore. The female
audience has also grown steadily with
the emergence of ladies behind
the microphone like Salt-n-Pepa, Queen
Latifah, and Lil Kim.
Adapted from: Baker, S. (n.d.). The History

of Rap and Hip-Hop (The Music Library). (1st ed.).
San Diego CA: Lucent Books.
Mainstream : (adj.) normal, typical.
HYPERTEXT: digital resources and activities YOUNG ART

71
11. To summarise information in a 11 Complete this diagram with information from the text you read.
graphic organiser.
12. To consolidate a language a. General topic.
point. b. Three types of music in three different decades.
c. Two different origins of rap music
13. To consolidate vocabulary
through a game.
a
14. To consolidate grammar and
vocabulary.
15. To participate in a guided
dialogue imitating a spoken b
model.
point in writing. c
17. To evaluate progress.
18. To write a new text following
instructions.
own experiences.
Language Note The Past Perfect tense
1. Study these examples from the text paying special attention to the words
in bold and the different colours used.
a. After he had migrated to the Bronx, he brought with him the art of
Jamaican rapping.
b. The captives mixed American music with the beats they had heard
in Africa.
c. Although it had first been sung in the 1950s, three decades later it
took over inner-city schoolyards.
2. Read the verbs highlighted in red and blue. Both of them express an
action in the past, but one of them indicates an action that happened
before the other one. Decide which action was first.
Answer: the action expressed by the verb form in red happened first.
3. The Past Perfect expresses the idea that an action occurred before
another action in the past.
4. Read these examples. In which of them can you notice which action
happened first? How?
a. We went to see Queen Latifahs latest film. We discussed the film in class.
b. We went to see Queen Latifahs latest film. We had discussed it in class.
5. Change sentence b. above to indicate that the other action happened first.
6. Go back to the text and find more examples of the Past Perfect tense.
Copy them into your notebook using different colours and compare with
other students.

72
12 Which action happened first? Complete with the Past Simple or the Past
Perfect tense of the verbs in brackets. The pictures can help you.
a. He only ___________ the film because he ___________ the book.
(understand - read)
b. After we ___________ at the cafeteria we ___________ to class.

(eat go)
c. Marie ___________ TV once she ___________ her homework.

(watch do)
d. Carlos ___________ English before he ___________ to New York.

(study travel)
13 Play the Guess the Song game (this game requires previous preparation and
a CD player).
a. Choose one person in the class, who is very fond of music, to be the
game master.
b. The game master should bring a CD of a well-known singer or a band to
the classroom. It should have at least 15 songs.
c. The game master plays just 15 seconds of the first song and the group
that guesses the title of the song first scores a point.
d. The winner is the group that collects the highest score.

73
14 28 Complete the conversation using the Simple Past or the Past Perfect of
the verbs in the box. They are in the order they should be used to fill in the
blanks. Check with the recording.
listen discover discover meet live be born
move live become be give win
Joanne: So, Eric, are you a music fan?
Eric: I wouldnt call myself that. I just like music.
Joanne: Do you like pop music?
Eric: Not really, but I _____________ to it before I _____________ rap.
Joanne: What do you mean, _____________ rap?
Eric: I _____________ a great rap musician when I _____________ in
ston,
New York.
Sean Paul (born in 1973 in King Joanne: Yeah? Who is he?
Jamaica)
Eric: His names Sean Paul.
Joanne: Is he American?
Eric: He _____________ in Kingston, and _____________ to New York
after he _____________ in Jamaica for more than twenty years.
Joanne: Whats so special about him?
Eric: Before he _____________ a rapper in the Bronx he _____________
a toaster in Kingston.
Joanne: A toaster?
Eric: Yes, a singer who tells stories in songs.
Joanne: I think I know him. Hes the singer who _____________ his money
to charity after he _____________ a Grammy.
Eric: The same one.
Joanne: Youre right. Hes a great musician.
15 28 Practise the conversation with a partner and then role play it for the rest
of the class.
16 Copy this text into your notebook putting the verbs in brackets (a - l) in the
correct form.
mit) my application last week, but I

I cant believe I (a. get) that flat. I (b. sub
When I (c. show) up to have a look
didnt think I had a chance of getting it.
who (d. arrive) before me. Most of
at it, there were at least 20 other people
and were leaving. The landlord said I
them (e. already fill) in their applications
could still apply, so I did.
t answer all the questions. They
I (f. try) to fill in the form, but I couldn
I didnt want to list my previous
(g. want) me to include references, but
him and I knew he wouldnt
landlord because I (h. have) problems with
father as a reference.
recommend me. I (i. end) up listing my
me the flat. It turned out that the
It was total luck that he (j. decide) to give
together! He decided that I could
landlord and my father (k. go) to school
my credit report. Thanks, Dad!
have the flat before he even (l. look) at

74
17 MINITEST Complete the sentences using the correct form of
the verbs in brackets. 10 pts.
a. The fans ____________ very angry with the football players because they
____________ the match. (be - lose)
b. Before he ____________ to Valdivia, my father ____________ in the
north. (move - work)
c. He ____________ with the Rolling Stones after he ____________ the
other band. (play - leave)
d. Great grandpa Dennis ____________ excellent Italian because he
____________ in Rome. (speak - study)
e. Karen ____________ very tired this morning because she ____________
to bed very late last night. (be - go)
0 3 7 to
REVISE AGAIN to 2 GOOD JOB! to 6 EXCELLENT! 10

You are going to write an article on the history of g. Finish the article with a conclusion: what was
a painting style or some type of music (not rap or the reason you chose to write about this style?
hip hop). Why is this style especially important for you?
a. Work in groups of four or five students. h. Remember:
b. Choose a type of music (pop, classical, rock, i. Keep it simple. Do not use flowery
etc.) or a painting style (impressionism, cubism, language, or too complex sentences.
realism, etc.) and one person to take notes. ii. Write about the past in the Past tense.
c. Brainstorm what you know about the subject. Remember the sequence of events.
List all the contributions from group members iii. Avoid writing in the first person (I, we).
and then organise the gathered information in i. Check your work. Reread your article and make
some meaningful way (for example, by dates). sure that it makes sense.
d. Decide what tasks still need to be carried out, j. Evaluate your work following these points.
for example, investigate the subject using Say Yes or No.
the Internet or the library, collect and classify ion.
e an alyse d th e to pi cs and the informat
pictures, etc. W
s before writing.
e. Prepare a time line for your chosen style and We divided the task of the article and ag
reed on the
sed th e struc tu re
plan your article by using all the information We discus
headings.
and the visuals you have gathered. title and paragraph t in the lesson.
us ed ex pr es sions and structures learn
f. Decide how many paragraphs your article We ion.
ked an d co rre cted errors and punctuat
will have and choose one heading for each We chec
paragraph.

a. What vocabulary related to music and music styles have you learnt?
b. What have you learnt about the history of rap?
c. What is your opinion of rappers who insult other singers?
d. There are some people who think that rap is a social tool which young
people use to express themselves. Do you agree?
e. What do your parents say about the kind of music you like?
YOUNG ART
75
o n2 MOBILE ART LISTENING
Less

1. To connect content and 1 In pairs, talk about these activities. Which ones do you enjoy doing? Use the
previous knowledge. expressions in the box to express your preferences.
2. To express personal attitudes
and opinions. I prefer I like more / less than better than I dont like as much as
3. To get general meaning from
cognates.
4. To predict messages using
non-verbal content. Going to art Going to Attending
book
galleries concerts Reading a lectures on art
Painting Looking at
Listening to Taking
pictures paintings on
music hs
photograp the web
2 One of the pictures below is painted in a style called cubism and the other in
a style called futurism. Can you guess which one is which? What do you
think the words mean? What shapes were used to paint the pictures? Which
one do you prefer? Compare the pictures using expressions such as: as
_____ as, not so _____ as, more / less _____ than, bigger, smaller, etc.
3 29 Listen and repeat these words. Do you know what they mean? Which
ones sound similar in Spanish? Check all the meanings in a dictionary.
affordable application brush canvas cheerful
colourful saturation stroke thumb walker
UNIT 4
76
4 You will hear two people talking about a new art form that involves a device
we use in everyday life. Which of these do you think it is?
a. A microwave oven. b. An iPhone. c. An iPod.
5 30 Listen to the conversation and check your prediction in Exercise 4. 5. To validate predictions.
6. To find specific supporting
6 30 Listen again. Which of these two paintings does the speaker have on information.
the wall of her living room? How do you know? List the key words that 7. To match specific information.
helped you to decide. Compare with another student. 8. To discriminate between
information.
10. To infer information.
1 2
7 30 Listen again and write the corresponding name: Belinda, Matthew American v/s British English
Watkins, Jorge Colombo or Renata.
color/colorful
a. _______________ bought one of the paintings.
b. _______________ is the painter of the picture on the wall.
colour/colourful
c. _______________ used this device to paint a cover of the New Yorker.
d. _______________ is the owner of the gallery that sells these paintings.

77
Did you know that... 8 30 Listen again and choose the correct option (i iii).
a mobile phone works a. This painting is __________ many posters.
by sending radio signals i. cheaper than
through the air? When ii. as cheap as
you talk on a mobile iii. not as cheap as
phone, the message
b. Unlike canvas, you can undo and redo strokes __________ you like.
doesnt go straight to the
person at the other end; i. as rarely as
it goes to the nearest cell ii. as often as
phone tower and into the iii. more frequently than
telephone network. Then c. It looks as if the iPhone is becoming __________ the iPod.
it is connected to the i. as hot as
phone of the person you ii. not so hot as
want to speak to. Each iii. hotter than
cell phone tower only
covers a certain area, 9 30 Listen once more and answer these questions.
so as you move from
one place to another a. How much did Renata pay for the painting on her wall?
you move from one cell b. Where did she buy it?
phone tower ranger to c. How long did it take the painter to paint Renatas picture?
the next. d. Where did he paint it?
10 30 What probably happened after this conversation?

a. Giovanni bought an iPhone to replace his iPod.
b. Giovanni bought some futuristic paintings at the gallery.
c. Giovanni made a futuristic painting on his iPhone.
AFTER YOU LISTEN

Learning abilities
11. To identify synonyms.

11 Match the words from the recording in box A with their synonyms in box B.
12. To expand vocabulary. A
13. To consolidate vocabulary and amateur application canvas circular futuristic
structures. gallery owner painter style
14. To expand content expressing B
opinions. exhibition room fabric non-professional program
15. To imitate a spoken model. proprietor round technique ultramodern visual artist
17. To talk about art forms and 12 Fill in the gaps in these sentences with some of the words in Exercise 11.
preferences.
18. To reflect on the contents of a. Brushes from an iPhone uses different painting ____________.
the lesson and relate them to b. First she wanted to buy a rectangular table, but then chose a
own experiences. ____________ one.
c. Id rather be a good ____________ than a bad professional.
d. Paola used this ____________ for her first oil painting.
e. This ____________ is designed to perform editorial functions.
f. We bought the car from the ____________.
g. When he went to London, he visited the National Portrait ____________.
UNIT 4
78
Language Note The Past Perfect tense (continued)
1. Read these sentences from the listening text.

a. Matthew Watkins told me he had already made 20 and sold most of
them.
b. Watkins explained he had painted the one I bought while on the
underground.
c. He said he hadnt needed more than 30 minutes to finish it.
2. What is the first verb in the three sentences? What do they have in
common?
3. We use the Past Perfect to indicate an earlier event in the past in
sentences that start with words such as: said, told, explained, answered,
indicated, etc. The action of saying, telling, answering, etc. takes place
after the action we are talking about.
4. Read some more examples.
a. Renata said (second) she had bought (first) the painting in London.
b. Giovanni told us (second) he had seen (first) this film before.
c. The painter explained he had sold the painting to someone else.
d. The accident victim answered that he had lost control of the car.
13 Match bubbles to form four sentences and then match the sentences with
the pictures below.
a b c
Renata said he had lived he had
in Paris as a child. painted the picture
on the subway.
d e f
she had Terrence said The children
gone to school with explained
Belinda.
g h
The painter they had
told us played football in
the park.
1 2 3 4

79
14 31 Finish the conversation using your own ideas. Tick your choice in the
pictures and then compare with the recording.
Camila: Which art form do you prefer, painting or
sculpture?
Andy: I much prefer __________________________
__________________________.
Camila: Which do you prefer, modern or traditional

art?
Andy: I think modern art is ____________________
__________________________.
Camila: Do you think that the colours used in

futuristic painting are more or less vivid than
in traditional painting?
Andy: Theyre definitely _______________________
__________________________.
Camila: Are foreign artists better than national ones?

Andy: In my opinion, foreign artists _____________
__________________________.
Camila: Which is more interesting: the Fine Arts or the

Modern Arts museum?
Andy: I think that ____________________________
__________________________.
Camila: Who do you think is a better painter,

Leonardo da Vinci or Picasso?
Andy: It depends, but ________________________
__________________________.
Camila: And if you could buy one painting, what style

would you choose?
Andy: I would choose ________________________
__________________________.
15 31 Listen to the recording and then practise the conversation with a

partner, using your own ideas. Role play the conversation in small groups.

80
16 MINITEST Write sentences in your notebook reporting what these
people said. 8 pts.
a. I saw Casino Royale on TV, Laurie said.
b. I sent the packet three days ago, the man told me.
c. The Neanderthal lived thousands of years ago, the scientist explained.
d. We have uploaded the exam results on our web site, the university
authorities announced.
0 3 6

You will discuss the art form you prefer with d. Now compare your likes / dislikes and
your partner. preferences. Do you both agree on all the
a. Prepare a set of cut-outs with different art forms pictures? Why? Why not? What is different?
or use an art book from the library. Each of e. Finally get together with another pair and
you will need at least one pair of pictures. Each compare your pictures, descriptions and opinions.
person should take two pictures to compare. f. Ask your teacher to listen to the presentations
b. Make a list of adjectives for each picture. Divide and correct errors and pronunciation.
the list into two categories: one to describe the g. Use these points to evaluate your performance.
pictures and one with adjectives that describe Say Yes or No.
your feelings while looking at them. Here are
some examples: fully.
e exercise very care
Description: bright, colourful, dull, elegant, We prepared for th e instructions.
th e su gg estions offered in th
magnificent, ugly. W e follo w ed ces, showing
Feelings: bored, curious, depressed, excited, lp ed each ot he r to express our preferen
We he
ences.
indifferent, joyful. respect for our differ cabulary and
c. Take turns to describe and compare the first e co rrected ea ch others grammar, vo
W
pair of pictures, talking first about what you can pronunciation. lesson.
see. Then say how the pictures make you feel. w or ds , struc tu res and ideas from the
We used
You can ask questions such as: What are your
impressions of? Which picture is more / less?
Which one would you buy? etc.

a. What have you learnt about art in this lesson?
b. Can you name at least five famous artists?
c. What do you think about paintings done with an artists own hands and
paintings done using some type of computer software?
d. If you could choose between a painting by Leonardo da Vinci and one
created on an iPhone to put in your living room, which would you
choose? Why?

81
1 Complete the diagrams below. In groups or pairs, choose four adjectives from the box to describe each
central idea. Write four sentences comparing rap with other types of music and iPhone painting with
other forms of painting. Use expressions such as I prefer ______ to ______, I like ______ more than
______, ______ is better than ______, ______ is more interesting than ______, etc.
African appealing boring colourful disappointing expressive futuristic happy

incomprehensible loud modern multi-cultural mysterious original popular
________
________ Rap music ________
________
a. Rap is more appealing than pop because it talks about everyday things.
b. _____________________________________________________________________________.
c. _____________________________________________________________________________.
d. _____________________________________________________________________________.
________
________ iPhone art ________
________
a. _____________________________________________________________________________.
b. _____________________________________________________________________________.
c. _____________________________________________________________________________.
d. _____________________________________________________________________________.

82
2 Complete these questions using the Past Perfect tense of the verbs in brackets.
a. ________________________ your homework before you surfed the Internet? (finish)
b. ________________________ breakfast before you left for school? (have)
c. ________________________ in Canada before she moved to Mexico? (live)
d. ________________________ his hands before he made the sandwich? (wash)
e. ________________________ this guy before he came to the party? (meet)
3 Complete this biography using the Past Perfect tense.
No other artist is more associated with the term Modern

Art than Pablo Picasso. He a. (paint) ______________
thousands of paintings, prints and ceramics before he
was 50 years old. After he left Malaga where
b. (live) ______________ as a young boy, he joined the
Barcelona School of Fine Arts at the age of only 14.
According to one of many legends about the artists life,
his father, also a painter, gave him all his brushes and
palettes after he c. (see) ______________ his sons first
painting.
During his lifetime, the artist went through different

periods of characteristic painting styles. The Blue Period
d. (come) ______________ before the artist started the
so-called Rose Period. But after he e. (see) ______________
the works of Paul Cezanne, he developed, together with
George Braque and Juan Gris, the style called cubism.
In 1937, after the painter f. (learn) ______________ about

the barbaric air raid against a Basque village during the
Spanish Civil War, he created his landmark painting
Guernica. In Guernica, Picasso used symbolic forms such
as a dying horse and a weeping woman.

83
JUST FOR FUN
oogle
Vincent Van Geet View web site to
How an artist uses the Str
travel the world virtually
Google
An artist who cannot spare the time to travel is using
world
Street View to visit stunning locations around the
year, the virtu al
and capture them in paint. For the past
of hour s
globe-trotter Bill Guffey, 45, has spent hundreds
s he feels
travelling thousands of virtual miles to visit place
n. Using the Inter net giants
he will never get to see in perso
visit locat ions
mapping tool, with which web-surfers can
been
across the globe, Bill, from Kentucky in the U.S. has
able to capture iconic landscap es far from hom e.
street
Creating his amazing set of paintings through their Working like this I can look for those views I think
are
has
view counterparts, the 45-year-old graphic artist still iconic of their countries, but not necessarily their
most
coun try as well as
walked through every state in his home famous buildings, he said.
. After
England, Italy, France, Switzerland, China, and India od of
electronically hiking through some of the planets
most To find his perfect places, Bill uses the odd meth
looking for certa in busin esses.
beautiful spots, this father-of-two sits dow n to pain t them at beginning his Google search
kind of locat ion
his home studio. By picking a type of business that fits the
cult to
down a job I want to find, I end up in places that would be diffi
He said: Having to look after my family and hold discover on foot. For example, if I pick a tattoo parlo
ur in
Stree t View
have meant that I cannot travel very much, but a certain US state, I seem to have a prett y good feel of the
means I can
has really changed everything for me because it architecture that will come up on street view.
paint them
go to all of those places I am in love with, sit and out of a hat
as if I am really there. On other occasions, Bill simply picks a place name
ring view.
younger and virtually walks around until he finds an inspi
Travelling is what really does it for me. When I was series
and single, I travelled around Europe and othe r coun tries He has so far created over 100 paintings and in his
re, Lond on,
across the world and it is the best thing I have ever
done. has captured a red phone box in Trafalgar Squa
, and
Now that I have become a painter, I would love to
revisit a lonely house in Scotland, a yellow taxi in New York
s rang e up to 76x1 02
some of those places and capture them in pain t, but for the a canal boat in Holland. His piece
present, Google is an amazing substitute. centimetres and sell for up to 1,500.
travel the world virtually. Mail Online.

t Van Google: Artist uses Street View website to
Taken from: Daily Mail Reporter. (n.d.). Vincen article -1212 494/ Vincen t-Van-Google-Artist-uses-Street-View-
.dailymail.co.uk/news/
Retrieved October 30, 2011, from: http://www website-travel-world-virtually.html
1 Which of these countries has Bill visited virtually (V) and which of them has he included in his
paintings (P)?
____ China ____ England ____ France ____ Holland
____ India ____ Italy ____ Switzerland ____ The USA
UNIT 4
84
2 Match the countries in Exercise 1 with the typical views in these pictures (1 8).
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
CHILEAN CONNECTION
Talk about graffiti in your group. Do you think it is an art form
or vandalism?
Can you name a few examples of street paintings you have
seen recently?
MURALS IN CHILE The goal of the project is to document murals from

around the world. Only commissioned, private
Chile has long been a centre for radical mural or community murals, produced with permission
painting and it is a place where many colourful from the property owner, are accepted. The project
and quality murals can be seen in the streets of is also looking for documentation regarding the
Valparaiso, Santiago, and other cities. As early as mural artist or artistic group, and any facts related
1940, leading Mexican and Chilean artists, including to any murals on this site. Art is often temporary
David Alfaro Siqueiros, Fernando Marcos and and as such, the projects goal is to document as
Gregorio de la Fuente, were painting murals in Chile. many murals as posible from both the past and
Today, Latin American street art is as innovative as the present. Some of the murals have already
any in the world, and Chile plays a leading part. disappeared, since the project began.
At present, Chile is part of a very ambitious project On March 10, 2009 the project managers released
called Murals Around the World. This project is their first Windows Media Player version and the
a worldwide collaborative effort that began in murals, from Chile and other countries can be seen
2003. It is produced through submission of mural on video.
photographs by supporters of the decorative arts Adapted from: Fulwiler, D. (n.d). Murals around the World. Retrieved October 30,
worldwide. 2011, from http://www.danfulwiler.com/muralsaroundtheworld/
YOUNG ART
85
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
READING WHO IS BANKSY?
I. He is perhaps the most famous, or infamous, artist alive. To some,

he is a genius; to others, a vandal. Always controversial, he inspires
admiration and provokes outrage in equal measure.
II. Since Banksy made his name with his trademark stencil-style
guerrilla art on walls, subways, buses and other public spaces -
on walls in London, Brighton, and even on the West Bank barrier
separating Israel from Palestine - his works have sold for hundreds
of thousands of pounds.
III. He has dozens of celebrity collectors including Brad Pitt and
Christina Aguilera (1) ________________ For example,
Banksys painting of a monkey wearing a sandwich board sold for
228,000 this year. He has also painted murals including a Mona
Lisa with a rocket launcher sold for another outrageous amount.
IV. Yet his most provocative statement, and the one that generates
the most publicity, is the fact that Banksys true identity has always
been a jealously guarded secret, (2) ________________.
Some myths have grown around him. That his real name
is Robin Banks. That before he became a painter (3)
________________. That his parents dont know what
he does and think that he is an unusually successful painter and
decorator. Then theres the suggestion that Banksy is actually a
number of artists or that he does not exist at all.
V. Such is the curiosity about Banksy that when the great man is
supposed to have thrown away a pizza box into a bin in Los Angeles,
(4) ________________, with the seller suggesting that the
few anchovies left inside might have traces of his DNA! Trying to
establish just who the elusive Banksy is has proved as difficult as
predicting the location of his next work.
VI. Banksy has supposedly been photographed a few times, but each
photo appears to be that of a different person, so who knows?
However, does it really matter who Banksy is? Is art about the artist
(5) ________________? The people who buy his art think
that the person behind it does not really matter. It seems to support
the statement: Art, in the end, is only about art.
Adapted from: Joseph, C. (July 12, 2008). Graffiti artist Banksy unmasked ... as a former public schoolboy from middle-class
suburbia. Mail Online. Retrieved October 30, 2011, from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1034538/Grafti-artist-
Banksy-unmasked---public-schoolboy-middle-class-suburbia.html
UNIT 4
86
1 Read the text. Parts of some sentences have LISTENING CONCERT FANS
been cut out (a e). Place them back in the
correct positions in the text ((1) (5)). 5 pts. 4 32 Listen to this conversation and underline
a. he had been a butcher the best option. 4 pts.
b. known to only a handful of trusted friends a. Who is going to the concert?
c. or is it about the art itself i. Dani and Carol.
d. the box was sold on eBay, the auction site ii. Dani, Carol and Jen.
e. who buy his art without actually meeting iii. Dani and Jen.
the man! b. When is Jens maths exam?
i. Tomorrow. ii. On Monday. iii. Today.
2 Read the text again and mark with a c. How is Jen doing in maths?
tick the paragraph where you can find i. It is her worst subject.
this information. 6 pts. ii. It is her favourite subject.
iii. It is her most important subject.
I II III IV V VI d. How is Nelly Furtado described?
a. A truth about art i. A fantastic jazz singer.
b. Difficulty to prove ii. The best ballad singer.
Banksys identity iii. A wonderful singer.
c. Famous collectors and
pricey paintings 5 32 Listen again and write the name of the
d. Invented information speaker, Dani or Jen. 4 pts.
about Banksy
e. Peoples reactions to a. _______: Im studying for my maths exam.
Banksys work b. _______: I have a spare ticket to a Nelly
f. Places he has painted Furtado show.
c. _______: Her guitarist and drummer are tops.
3 Read the text once more and answer these d. _______: Im a concert fan!
questions. 4 pts.
6 32 Listen once more and circle the
a. What are some things that Banksy has
word you hear. 4 pts.
painted?
b. Who are some of Banksys collectors? a. This is your only chance / choice.
c. What object supposedly belonging to the b. My maths exam is more important / difficult
artist was sold on eBay? now.
d. Do people who buy his art care about his c. You cannot / mustnt miss her.
identity? d. I can / cant help you with maths tomorrow.
YOUNG ART
87
LANGUAGE SPEAKING
7 John arrived late at different places yesterday. 9 One of these pictures is an example of
What had happened by the time he arrived surrealism by Chilean painter Roberto Matta
at each place? Write the correct sentences and the other one is an example of pop art by
using the clues provided and the correct American artist Andy Warhol. Work with a
verb form. 4 pts. partner and compare the two paintings,
a. (the station - train - leave) expressing your preferences. 10 pts.
_____________________________________.
b. (the theatre - play - start)
_____________________________________.
c. (his friends house - she - go out)
_____________________________________.
d. (football stadium - game - finish)
_____________________________________.
8 Rewrite these sentences using the

openings provided. 4 pts.
1
a. John: The phone rang at three oclock in the
morning!
John complained that __________________.
b. Tina: The exam began ten minutes late.
Tina told us that _______________________.
c. Fred: I lived in Dublin before moving to Los
Angeles.
Fred said that _________________________.
d. Marian: The doctor asked me to describe
my typical day.
Marian explained that __________________. 2
WRITING
10 Choose a singer or a band that you like.

Write three paragraphs about the artist /
artists. Include information about the
points below (a c) 10 pts.
a. A brief history / biography of the artist(s).
b. The type of music he / she plays / they play,
giving examples of his / her / their hits.
c. Why you think this type of music is worth
listening to.

88
SELF - EVALUATION
7 - 9 Good Grasped most main ideas and answered most questions correctly.
4 - 6 OK Grasped some main ideas and answered most questions correctly.
0 - 3 Poor Deduced some main ideas and answered just a few questions correctly.
7 - 8 Great Understood and applied all items in all cases. 2 - 3 OK Understood and applied items in some cases.
4 - 6 Good Understood and applied most items in most cases. 0 - 1 Poor Understood and applied items in very few cases.
Speaking You are expected to be able to compare two paintings expressing your preferences.
Compared the paintings in detail and Practically no language mistakes. Fluid interaction, good pronunciation,
4 3 3
expressed preferences appropriately. no hesitation.
Compared the paintings with a Very few language mistakes. Fluid interaction, a few pronunciation
few details and expressed some 3 2 mistakes, a minimum of hesitation. 2
preferences appropriately.
Compared the paintings in general Some language mistakes. Fluid interaction, some pronunciation
and expressed a few preferences. 2 1 mistakes, some hesitation. 1
Compared the paintings vaguely Language mistakes interfere with Interaction affected by pronunciation
1 0 0
and didnt express preferences. comprehension. mistakes and a lot of hesitation.
Writing You are expected to write three paragraphs following instructions.

Wrote three paragraphs following Practically no grammar or Correct spelling and organisation of the
4 3 3
all the indications. vocabulary mistakes. paragraphs.
Wrote three paragraphs following Very few grammar or vocabulary A few spelling mistakes and unclear
3 2 2
most of the indications. mistakes. organisation of the paragraphs.
Wrote two paragraphs following Some grammar and vocabulary Several spelling mistakes and incorrect
2 1 1
some of the indications. mistakes. organisation of the paragraphs.
Wrote one or two paragraphs Grammar and vocabulary mistakes A lot of spelling mistakes and incorrect
1 0 0
following very few of the indications. interfere with comprehension. organisation of the paragraphs.

I critically thought about different types of art, expressed my opinion, and
showed interest and respect for other peoples ideas.
I used different strategies to understand and to make myself understood.
I participated in the discussions and conversations related to art and artists.
YOUNG ART
89
UNIT 5
READING: fill in graphic organisers with specific information / identify the source of a text / GRAMMAR: reporting verbs and indirect questions.
identify scientific language.
VOCABULARY: words related to science and scientific
LISTENING: find specific information / transfer information to a graphic organiser / identify discoveries.
Internet language.
ORAL PRODUCTION: discuss a scientific topic.
WRITTEN PRODUCTION: write a scientific article.
READING: a scientific article.
FUNCTIONS: forming and substantiating hypotheses.
LISTENING: a web cam lecture.

Why and how science can change our lives for the better.

90
SCIENCE
1 Match the names of scientists in the box with the pictures that represent them (1 6) and their
areas of study (a f) Say / write definitions like this: A(n) ________________________ is a scientist
who studies ________________________. 12 pts.
Archaeologist Astronomer Enologist Entomologist Geneticist Ornithologist
1 2 3
4 5 6
a. Ancient cultures and periods of history. d. Heredity and variation in organisms.
b. Birds and their behaviour. e. Insects.
c. Celestial bodies and the universe. f. Technique and art of producing wine.
2 Classify the nouns in the box under the corresponding heading. 9 pts.
Instruments People Disciplines
astronomy barometer biotechnology chemistry geography geologist

inventor microbiology microscope neurology palaeontologist researcher
scientist speedometer stethoscope telescope thermometer
Your score:
0 - 6: Look up the words in a dictionary or ask your teacher to help you.
7 -13: Well done, but you could improve your vocabulary looking up some words.
14 - 21: Great job. You are ready to start the lesson.
palaeontologist, researcher, scientist. Disciplines: astronomy, biotechnology, chemistry, geography, microbiology, neurology.
2. Instruments: barometer, microscope, speedometer, stethoscope, telescope, thermometer. People: geologist, inventor,
Geneticist Pict. 4 d. Ornithologist Pict. 3 b.
1. Archaeologist Pict. 2 a. Astronomer Pict. 6 c. Enologist Pict. 1 f. Entomologist Pict. 5 e.

91
o n1 THE MAGIC OF DNA READING
Less

previous knowledge.
a. Why do you think we use scientific terms?
2. To connect pictures and topic. b. Do the words in the box look or sound similar in Spanish?
3. To express opinions. c. What do you think their origin is?
4. To predict content from the d. What do they mean?
context. e. In which science discipline are they normally used?
biologist carnivore DNA dinosaur geneticist genome
Learning tip molecular ornithologist permafrost zoologist
According to their origin, 2 Classify the animals in the pictures under the corresponding category, living
scientific words in English or extinct.
can be:
a. taken from ordinary
English words: energy,
power, womb, etc.
b. taken from another
language: nimbus,
cortex, pelvis, helix, etc.
c. Invented: polonium,
uranium, watt, etc. 1 2 3 4
While scientific words
are sometimes long and
difficult to pronounce,
Internet users have created
netspeak or chatspeak,
which is very often
abbreviated or simplified.
5 6 7 8
The same abbreviations
appear in texting and
instant messaging or
in social networking
websites.
Examples:
Blog - the publication
of ones thoughts on the 9 10 11 12
Internet.
To tweet - to write
comments on the Twitter
website.
To unfriend - to remove
someone from Facebook.
PAW - parents are
watching. 13 14 15
2day - today.
b4n - bye for now.
UNIT 5
92
3 In your opinion, which word in each line does not correspond to the Did you know that...
category? Why? according to scientists,
a. animal - beast - creature - dangerous more than one and
a half million species
b. egg - mother - species - womb
exist on the earth
c. alive - endangered - extinct - happy today? However, recent
d. baker - biologist - geneticist - zoologist estimates state that
at least 20 times that
4 You will read a text about scientists cloning extinct animals from their DNA. many species inhabit
Which animals from Exercise 2 do you think will be mentioned? the planet. There are
more than 1,000 animal
species endangered
WHILE YOU READ world-wide.
5 Read the text and check your predictions in Exercise 4.

Learning abilities
6 What is the purpose of this text? Choose the best alternative.
a. To describe. c. To instruct. 6. To identify purpose of a text.
b. To inform. d. To persuade. 7. To find specific supporting
information.
7 Read the article again. Which of the animals are represented in these 8. To identify references.
pictures? Which key words helped you to decide?
9. To transfer relevant
information to a visual
organiser.
10. To differentiate between fact
and opinion.
information.
1 2 3
4 5 6
8 What do these words in bold in the text refer to?

a. it (4th paragraph, line 1) d. it (10th paragraph, line 3)
b. he (5th paragraph, line 3) e. its (11th paragraph, line 2)
c. she (8th paragraph, line 1) f. he (13th paragraph, line 5)
SCIENCE
93
American v/s British English THE MAGIC OF DNA may bring back extinct
animals
Dreamed
geneticists
The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA, so when
extinct woolly
Dreamt recently published the near-complete DNA sequence of the long
bring this
mammoth, there was much speculation about whether we could
creature back to life.
exists only
Creating a living, breathing creature from a genome sequence that
But someo ne, some day, is
in a computers memory is not possible right now.
ylvania State
sure to try it says Stephan Schuster, a molecular biologist at Penns
t. After all,
University and a driving force behind the mammoth genome projec
be capabl e of reading
50 years ago, we could have only dreamt we would now
the sheep!
the instructions for making humans or clone animals such as Dolly
Schuster added.
back to life?
Besides the mammoth, what other extinct beasts might we bring
for which we
Schuster explained that it was only going to be possible with beings
withou t one, there was
can retrieve a complete genome sequence. He added that
d species to
no chance. The revival recipe also requires a living and closely-relate
the project to
act as a surrogate mother, donating an egg and her womb to bring
completion. In this case, we can forget about dinosaurs.
explained that it
So, what does the potential resurrection list look like? Schuster
to disapp ear.
included some ten creatures either already extinct or about
Woolly Mammoth
ago, but
These giant woolly creatures first appeared around 4.8 million years
ly due to climat e change
mysteriously disappeared around 5,000 years ago, possib
ed. He added
or hunting. Schuster told us that their DNA had already been decod
be cloned with
that if this could be turned into fresh material, the creatures could
the African elephant acting as a surrogate mother.
Dodo
17th century.
Hunting and habitat destruction led to the birds demise in the late
the imagination.
However, the phrase dead as a dodo means that it has lived on in
to create
Ornithologists predict that if suitable DNA is found, it could be used
clones nursed through pregnancy by pigeons.
Sabre-toothed Tiger
tal changes
Despite becoming extinct 10,000 years ago, likely due to environmen
with dagger-
or over-hunting at the end of the last Ice Age, this fearsome beast
sharp fangs has remained a source of fascination.
DNA samples
Can it be resurrected? Apparently yes. Zoologists announce that
would be
preserved in permafrost or tar could be used to create clones which
grown inside an African lion.
Fearsome: (adj.) awful: causing fear, or dread, or terror. Surrogate: (noun or adj.) one that takes the place
of another.
UNIT 5
94
Tasmanian Tiger
Tissue samples of this marsupial, which was hunted to Modern humans would provide ideal egg donors
extinction in the 1930s, are stored in museums around and surrogate mothers, but as New Scientist says:
the world. It is hard to imagine even the most crazed of mad
scientists entering such taboo territory.
How easy is it to clone it? we asked Jenny White, a
geneticist. She replied that once sequenced, the DNA Woolly Rhinoceros
could be used to create clones, brought into the world The woolly rhinoceros became extinct 10,000 years ago.
with the help of Tasmanian devil surrogate mothers.
Many specimens are preserved in permafrost and hair,
Irish Elk horns, and hooves could provide DNA. Ironically, the
Once found across Europe, the Irish elk had antlers surrogates - modern rhino species - are on the brink
almost four metres wide and stood two metres tall at of extinction.
the shoulder. It became extinct 7,700 years ago. Giant Ground Sloth
Its closest living relative is the much smaller European The giant ground sloth stood nearly six metres tall
deer, which could be used as a surrogate for this elk. and is believed to have weighed four tonnes. It
Short-faced Bear disappeared some 8,000 years ago.
Despite its name, the short-faced bear, which became How feasible is it to resurrect it? we asked an
extinct 11,000 years ago, dwarfed the polar bear - the expert. Several specimens have been found with hair,
worlds current largest living land carnivore. but finding a suitable surrogate mother would be a
challenge, as its nearest living relative - the three-toed
Any chance of bringing it back? we asked Prof.
tree sloth - is tiny by comparison, he answered.
Schuster. He responded that there were specimens
encased in permafrost from which DNA could be Moa
recovered. The species closest living relative is the This huge bird was a distant relative of the ostrich from
spectacled bear of South America. New Zealand and disappeared only 508 years ago.
The Neanderthal It might be possible to boot up the Moa genome in
The Neanderthal, a distant relative of the humans, an ostrich egg, but no bird of any description has yet
disappeared 25,000 years ago, although a draft of its been cloned.
genome is expected to be published later this year.
Adapted from: Nicholls, H. (2009). Ten extinct beasts that could walk the Earth again.
New Scientist Magazine. (issue 2690).
Hoof / pl. hooves : (noun) the horny toe of a mammal such as a cow or a horse.
SCIENCE
95
9 Read the text again and fill in the missing information in the table.
Name Became extinct DNA availability Surrogate
a. Woolly mammoth
b. Late 17th Century
DNA samples preserved

c. in permafrost or tar could
be used to create clones.
d. Tasmanian devil
e. Irish elk
f. 11,000 years ago
A draft of its genome

g. is expected to be
published later this year.
h. Modern rhino
i. Giant ground sloth
j. 508 years ago
10 Read these sentences and then read the text again. Do the sentences
express a fact (F) or an opinion (O)?
a. ______ The resurrection list includes ten different creatures.
b. ______ But someone, some day, is sure to try it.
c. ______ The European deer is smaller than its ancestor species.
d. ______ It is a crazy idea to use humans to clone the Neanderthal.
e. ______ The Moa disappeared in the 16th century.

96
11 Read the text once more. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)? Correct
the false statements.
a. _____ To clone any creature we need its DNA.
b. _____ The Neanderthal was a relative of humans.
c. _____ The modern three-toed sloth is an ideal surrogate for the giant sloth.
d. _____ Tissue samples of the Tasmanian tiger can be found in many
museums around the world.
12. To apply new vocabulary

Language Note Reporting verbs and structures.
13. To consolidate grammar
1. Examine these pairs of sentences from the text, paying special attention and vocabulary.
to the parts in bold. 14. To participate in a guided
a. It is only going to be possible with creatures for which we can oral activity.
retrieve a complete genome sequence, Schuster explained. 15. To evaluate learning.
b. Schuster explained that it was only going to be possible with 16. To create a new text.
creatures for which we can retrieve a complete genome sequence. 17. To reflect on the contents of
c. Without one, there is no chance, he added. the lesson and relate them to
d. He added that there was no chance without one. own experiences.
e. If suitable DNA is found it could be used to create clones nursed
through pregnancy by pigeons, ornithologists predict.
f. Ornithologists predict that if suitable DNA is found it could be used
to create clones nursed through pregnancy by pigeons.
2. What do you notice about sentences a, c and e? How are sentences b, d
and f different?
3. Notice the verbs in bold in the sentences. We call them reporting verbs
and we use them to communicate what someone said more accurately
than using say or tell.
Other reporting verbs are:
add admit agree announce answer claim comment
complain confirm consider deny doubt estimate explain
feel insist mention observe persuade propose remark
remember repeat reply report reveal say state
suggest suppose tell think understand
4. Notice that if the reporting verb is in the Past tense the rest of the
sentence experiences some tense changes.
Present Simple Past Simple
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Future Simple (will) would
Present Perfect Past Perfect
5. Go back to the text and find more examples of sentences reporting what
someone said. Write them in two groups in your notebook.
_________________ _______________ that _______________
HYPERTEXT: digital resources and activities SCIENCE

97
12 Write what the people said exactly.
Example:
Schuster explained that it included some ten creatures either already extinct or
about to disappear.
It includes some ten creatures either already extinct or about to disappear,
Schuster explained.
a. She replied that once sequenced, the DNA could be used to create clones,
brought into the world with the help of Tasmanian devil surrogate mothers.
b. He added that if this could be turned into fresh material, the creatures
could be cloned with the African elephant acting as a surrogate mother.
c. We asked an expert how feasible it was to resurrect it.
d. He responded that there were specimens encased in permafrost from
which DNA could be recovered.
13 Read what Wanda told her friend (a e) and match each situation with one
of the pictures (1 6). Then re-write the sentences using different reporting
verbs + that. Be careful to include any necessary changes.
a. Jack, I cant go to the party on Wednesday
with you, I told him.
______________________________________
______________________________________.
1
b. I have some really important homework to
do, I explained.
______________________________________
______________________________________.
2
c. But we have to go out some time soon,
he insisted.
______________________________________
______________________________________.
3
d. I will go to the cinema with you on the
weekend, I promised.
______________________________________
______________________________________.

4
e. Call me on Friday to decide on the film,
I suggested.
______________________________________
______________________________________.
5
f. Yes, the best films are romantic comedies,
I agreed.
______________________________________
______________________________________.
6
14 34 Listen to the recording to check your answers. Listen and practise the
dialogue. Then role play it for the class.

98
15 MINITEST Read this story and complete the sentences (a d) according to
the context. Then re-write the sentences in blue (i - iv) using the
corresponding reporting verbs. 16 pts.
ed
This happened last summer. I was walking down the beach when I saw this pretty girl. I approach
lovely name, I said.
her and asked her name. She answered (a.)________. Carla! (i.) You have a
that
I followed her and asked her if she lived there all year round. She looked back at me and replied
(b.)________. Great! (ii.) Im from Benton City too. I added.
____.
She seemed more relaxed now and asked me which school I went to. I told her that (c.)____
too. she exclaime d. I was also amazed by
What a coincidence! (iii.) My boyfriend goes to that school,
the coincidence and asked her boyfriends name. She answered that (d.)___ _____. Now I couldnt
laughing.
believe it. (iv.) My name is George too! I shouted. I looked at her again and saw that she was
joke.
I was laughing too. I took her hand and we ran down the beach together, laughing at our little
0 5 to 11 to
REVISE AGAIN to 4 GOOD JOB! 10 EXCELLENT! 16

In your group, you are going to write a scientific article. iii. Do not use contractions. For example, dont
a. Choose a subject you are currently studying in must be do not, isnt must be is not, etc.
your biology, physics, or chemistry class. For iv. Use the appropriate tenses. The Past tense
example, if you are currently studying the cell, to reflect work that has been completed,
choose one specific type of cell, such as the the Present tense to indicate permanent
nerve cell, the blood cell, the gland cells, etc. processes, etc.
b. Distribute research tasks among the group f. Write the article as a group; check each others
members: parts of the cell, reproduction, ageing, grammar and spelling.
etc. g. At the end of your article, provide the references
c. Think about and develop a list of points to be you based your article on. For example: Cell
included in the article. reproduction - http://anthro.palomar.edu
d. Think what title you would like to give the h. Follow these points to evaluate your work. Say
article. Scientific articles do not have catchy Yes or No.
required.
titles, but rather informative ones.
aly se d th e to pic and the information
We an were
e. Consider these important suggestions when
ed the rese arch tasks and did what we
writing your article. We divid
i. Be clear and concise. Write briefly and to expected to do. and agreed on
e disc us se d th e structure of the article
the point. W
the title. e lesson.
ii. Use the right terminology. Scientific
ex pres sions and structures learnt in th
We used nctuation.
articles do not use colloquial expressions.
e chec ke d an d co rrected errors and pu
W

a. What new scientific terms have you learnt?
b. What are the main characteristics of a scientific article?
c. What is your opinion of science and its importance in our lives?
d. What do you think about bringing back extinct animals?
e. Would you visit a Jurassic park with dinosaurs which are fed with
hundreds of live cows? What would be the consequences of that feeding
system?

99
o n2 ASKING THE RIGHT QUESTIONS LISTENING
Less

1. To connect content and 1 Which of the following processes (a e) do you think we use in science?
previous knowledge.
a. Classifying - arranging or organising according to class or category.
2. To connect the topic and b. Experimenting - carrying out tests to check a hypothesis or an assumption.
personal experiences.
c. Hypothesising - making suppositions about something.
3. To express opinions. d. Measuring - establishing dimensions such as weight, length, height, etc.
4. To infer the meaning of key e. Observing - looking at objects or phenomena in order to form hypotheses.
words and identify their
pronunciation. 2 Can you identify an example of each of the processes above (a e) in these
5. To predict content from pictures (1 5)?
cognates and familiar words.
1 2 3
4 5

a. In what other areas of life can we use the processes in the pictures?
b. Have you ever used them? What for?
4 35 Listen to these words. What do they mean? Which ones sound similar
in Spanish?
analyse conclusion experiment hypothesis
journal method palaeontologist universe
5 You will listen to a lecture by science professor Digby Jones, who will be
talking about a scientific method. Which words from Exercise 4 would you
expect to hear?
UNIT 5
100
6 36 Listen to the lecture and check your predictions in Exercise 5. 6. To validate predictions.
information.
7 36 Listen again. What question did each of these people ask?
8. To transfer information to a
graphic organiser.
9. To find special words.
information.
11. To identify textual clues.
a. Columbus ______________ b. Newton _______________

_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
c. Darwin ________________ d. Paleontologists _________ e. Lemaitre _______________

_________________________ _________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________ _________________________
8 36 Listen again and complete this diagram that represents the steps of a
scientific process.
Ask _____________
Construct __________ Think again
Test your __________
Analyse your ________

and draw __________
If hypothesis is _______ If hypothesis is _______
Communicate ________

101
9 36 Listen again and tick () three words taken from Internet slang that
Prof Jones uses.
a. ______ blogger
b. ______ chilax
c. ______ cu soon
d. ______ to text
e. ______ to tweet
f. ______ to unfriend
10 36 Are these statements true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false statements.
a. ____ For the scientific process to start, people should ask themselves a
question with how, what, when, who, which, why, or where.
b. ____ A hypothesis is a presumption about how things work.
c. ____ You should never do an experiment more than once.
d. ____ If your hypothesis is wrong, construct a new one.
e. ____ Scientists usually do not communicate the results of their work.
11 36 Listen to the lecture very carefully once more, and find out what the
words in bold in these sentences refer to.
a. You asked me to explain.
It refers to ___________________________________________________.
b. It must be about something that you can measure.
It refers to ___________________________________________________.
c. In such cases, theyll construct a new hypothesis.
It refers to ___________________________________________________.
d. Text them to your colleagues.
It refers to ___________________________________________________.
AFTER YOU LISTEN

Learning abilities
12. To consolidate vocabulary.

12 Match the words from the listening text in box A with their synonyms in box B.
13. To apply new vocabulary. A
14. To consolidate key words and data discover factor process result test
expressions. B
15. To consolidate a language aspect consequence examine find out information method
item.
16. To consolidate a language item 13 Fill in the gaps in these sentences with some of the words in Exercise 12.
and imitate a spoken model.
a. If you work hard and prepare yourself, you can expect good ___________.
b. The _______________ provided by the computer programme must now
18. To discuss a scientific topic.
be analysed.
19. To practise and consolidate
c. There are several _______________ you can use: measuring, testing,
language through a game.
analysing.
the lesson and relate them to d. The most important _______________ to consider is temperature of the
own experiences. mixture.
UNIT 5
102
14 Choose the best option to fill in the gaps in these sentences.
a. The anthropology professor _______________ a few more comments on
historical analysis.
i. added ii. predicted iii. said
b. The librarian _______________ a few more databases specialising in
English literature.
i. debated ii. said iii. suggested
c. Geologists _______________ that the rocks were younger than what the
carbon dating ultimately showed.
i. asked ii. wondered iii. said
d. The students _______________ useful questions while revising for the
final exam.
i. alerted ii. asked iii. said
e. The job applicant _______________ his relevant experience and
educational background.
i. described ii. requested iii. told
f. The announcer _______________ the most important instructions
several times.
i. admitted ii. complained iii. repeated
g. The accused strongly _______________ that she had sold stolen goods.
i. announced ii. denied iii. commented
Language Note Reporting verbs indirect questions
1. Read these sentences from the recording.

a. Darwin wanted to know why caterpillars were sometimes so
beautifully coloured.
b. Columbus wondered what the shortest way to India was.
c. Newton asked what made an apple fall.
d. Palaeontologists wanted to discover when exactly dinosaurs
disappeared.
e. Lemaitre asked where the universe was expanding to.
2. Compare the sentences with their direct speech equivalents.
a. Why are caterpillars sometimes so beautifully coloured? Darwin asked.
b. What is the shortest way to India? Columbus wondered.
c. What makes an apple fall? Newton asked.
d. When exactly did dinosaurs disappear?
e. Where is the universe expanding to? Lemaitre asked.
3. What do you notice about all the sentences in Point 1?
They all lost the typical interrogative order. They no longer look like
questions, the question word (why, when, what, where, which) is moved
to the middle of the sentence and none of them has a question mark.
4. These reporting verbs are generally used to introduce indirect questions:
ask enquire wonder want would like to know discover find out

103
15 Re-write these questions using the corresponding reporting verb.
a. Why does the teacher get angry so often? the child asked.
_____________________ why _____________________.
b. When do we use a microscope? I wondered.
_____________________ when _____________________.
c. When should I talk to the coach about the match? I enquired.
_____________________ when _____________________.
d. How much meat do we need for the meat pie? my mother wanted to
know.
_____________________ how much _____________________.
e. Which colour does Susan prefer: blue or green? Georgina wondered.
_____________________ which colour _____________________.
16 37 Re-write the questions below as indirect questions using the openings

provided in the dialogue. Check with the recording and then practise and
role play the dialogue with a partner.
a. Could you give me some information?
b. What time do museums generally close?
c. Where can I buy a map?
d. How can I get to a handicrafts centre from here?
e. Who designed that magnificent building?
Tourist: Excuse me, I wonder if you (a.) ____________________.
Guide: Of course, what would you like to know?
Tourist: First, Id like to know (b.) __________________________.
Guide: At half past five.
Tourist: Then do you happen to know (c.) ___________________?
Guide: You can get one at the Tourist Information Centre on the corner.
Tourist: Great. And could you tell me (d.) ___________________ to a
handicrafts centre from here?
Guide: Walk along this street and turn right at the corner. There is a small
handicrafts market very near the big building you can see there.
Tourist: Do you have any idea (e.) ___________________ that magnificent
building?
Guide: Yes. It was designed by Juan Jos de Goycolea y Zaartu.
17 MINITEST Look at the pictures and finish the sentences. 10 pts.

a. My son asked me why ___________________
_____________________________________.
b. I wanted to know when __________________
_____________________________________.
c. My young wife wondered where __________
_____________________________________.
d. I asked my dad how much _______________
_____________________________________.
e. My teacher enquired how many ___________
_____________________________________.
0 3 7

104
You will discuss a scientific topic in groups of seven iv. no ones ideas should be made fun of;
to ten students. You will need to prepare for the v. if you disagree with someone, disagree with
discussion beforehand using your own knowledge, their ideas, but dont attack the person.
available literature, articles from the Internet, or d. Choose a moderator who will decide on the
talking to your science teacher. order of speaking. As participants offer their
a. Choose one of these topics. views, he / she can encourage group members
i. The Earth is in danger of being hit by an to respond to each other by asking questions
asteroid. like: What does everyone else think? or Is
ii. The dangers of the swine flue pandemic. there anyone else who agrees? Anyone else
iii. Making fuels from plants. who disagrees?
iv. Animals in danger of extinction. e. Start the discussion with setting the purpose
b. Sit in a circle. and what and why you are discussing.
c. It would be good to establish some ground f. Use these ideas to evaluate your discussion.
rules, such as: Answer Yes or No.
n.
i. everyone should listen respectfully to the rpose of the discussio
We followed the pu ts
others (even if they disagree); esent our argumen
We were able to pr
ii. the person who is speaking should not be
logically. s well.
interrupted; eements and conflict
We handled disagr
iii. only one person should speak at the same oup got a chance to
Everyone in the gr
time;
participate.
19 Play the radio interview game in groups of six students.

a. Choose a famous character you would like to interview.
b. On separate pieces of paper, write the questions you would
like to ask your character. Put them face down on the table.
c. On other pieces of paper, write openings for indirect
questions, like: would like to know, wonder, ask, etc. Put
them on a separate pile face down on the table.
d. Choose one person in the group to be the famous person,
to answer the questions.
e. To act out the interview, the rest of the players must
take turns to pick up a piece of paper from each pile and ask the
corresponding question, inventing the name of the listener of the
programme who asked that question.
Example: Martha Bravo, from Linares, would like to know where you
were born.

a. What have you learnt about the scientific process?
b. Has the lesson changed your perception about science?
c. If important leaders in history, either positive or negative, could be
cloned, what would be the consequences of such an action?
d. If you had the possibility of choosing the physical characteristics of your
future child or cloning all his / her vital organs, what would you prefer to
do? Why?
SCIENCE
105
1 Professor Digby Jones was interviewed by Teen Science Blog. Read the blog and write the questions he
was asked.
es explained that
In his interview, Professor Digby Jon
ies fossil organisms; he
palaeontology is a science that stud
because we do not have
said that we cannot clone dinosaurs
their DNA.
Jurassic Park was just
He told our journalist that the film
working on a new
a fantasy and revealed that he was
hypothesis about dinosaurs.
visit him at his
Finally, he suggested that we should
laboratory.
a. __________________________________________________________________________________?
b. __________________________________________________________________________________?
c. __________________________________________________________________________________?
d. __________________________________________________________________________________?
e. __________________________________________________________________________________?
2 The sentences on the left (a d) are written using scientific terms. Match them with their everyday
language equivalents on the right (i - iv).
a. The hypothesis that dinosaurs became i. Some animals eat meat and some eat
extinct because of a fallen meteorite is plants.
now widely accepted.
b. The marsupial was created by the genetic ii. The bird specialist looked at the old bones
manipulation of its DNA. and said it was a dodo.
c. Some animals are carnivores and some iii. What scientists believe about the
are herbivores. extinction of dinosaurs is now accepted
by most people.
d. The ornithologist examined the fossilised iv. The kangaroo was cloned in a lab.
remains and established it was a dodo.
UNIT 5
106
3 Match the sentences (a - e) with the pictures (1 - 5). What questions were these people asked? Write
the dialogues using the clues and your own ideas and then role play them for the class.
1 2 3 4 5
a. John asked the waiter what the soup of the day was.
John: ____________________________________________________________________________?
Waiter: ___________________________________________________________________________.
b. Belinda asked the mechanic when the car would be ready.
Belinda: __________________________________________________________________________?
Mechanic: _________________________________________________________________________.
c. Emily asked the doctor how many pills she should take.
Emily: ____________________________________________________________________________?
Doctor: ___________________________________________________________________________.
d. Fred asked the police officer why she was arresting the young man.
Fred: _____________________________________________________________________________?
Police officer: ______________________________________________________________________.
e. Gillian asked the usher what time the film would start.
Gillian: ___________________________________________________________________________?
Usher: ____________________________________________________________________________.
4 Nelly is going to the USA on holiday. All her friends and relatives gave her some advice. Re-write their
advice using reporting verbs.
a. Take your digital camera with you, aunt Sybil recommended.
__________________________________________________________________________________.
b. Dont talk to strangers, Ursulas father warned her.
__________________________________________________________________________________.
c. Send me en e-mail when you arrive, Vivians mother told her.
__________________________________________________________________________________.
d. Buy a Yankees T-shirt, Richards brother suggested.
__________________________________________________________________________________.

107
JUST FOR FUN
Do numbers control your destiny?
You know the saying, there is power Now lets assign numerical values to Henrys full name
in numbers. This means that the more at birth.
people get together, the more powerful
they become. Here we will talk about an Henry = 8, 5, 5, 9, 7 =34 = 3+4=7
alternative power, one that you might
think is true or not it really depends on Quincy = 8, 3, 9, 5, 3, 7 =35 = 3+5=8
you. We are talking about the strange art
Mathers = 4, 1, 2, 8, 5, 9, 1 = 30 = 3
of numerology.
We will now explain how numerology Sum the numbers up = 7 + 8 + 3 =18 = 1 + 8 = 9
works. Get a pencil and paper.
Start by writing out your full birth name
(first, middle, and last). So Henrys full name is reduced to 9. Okay, you have
your Destiny Number. Now what does it mean? On
Assign numbers to each letter using the
the chart below is a quick interpretation of the numbers
chart below as a guide.
1 through 9 and the two master numbers (11 and 22). You
(Note 1: This chart is read downwards so should be aware that some numerologists attach special
that 1 is A, J, S; 2 is B, K, T; etc.) significance to other two-digit numbers. However, they
Take a look at the following example and are not universally recognised in numerology circles.
youll get the idea.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The Numbers Revealed!

A B C D E F G H I
J K L M N O P Q R 1 is ambitious, independent, and self-sufficient.
S T U V W X Y Z 2 is supportive, diplomatic, and analytical.
In this example, we will use Henry 3 is enthusiastic, optimistic, and fun-loving.
Quincy Mathers as the birth name, 4 is practical, traditional, and serious.
and we will say that he was born on
5 is adventurous, mercurial, and sensual.
November 11, 1922, which is 11/11/22,
the way it is usually written. 6 is responsible, careful, and domestic.
(Note 2: 11 and 22 are generally 7 is spiritual, eccentric, and a bit of a loner.
considered master numbers in
numerology). 8 is money-oriented, decisive, and stern.
9 is multi-talented, compassionate, and global.
11 is enlightened, intense, and high-strung.
22 is goal-oriented, a global planner, and inspired.
Adapted from: Sunshinez (2006, March 3). Numerology and the Secrets of Your Name.
Retrieved September 30, 2011 from http://www.mysticboard.com/numerology/6620-
_numerology_and_the_secrets_of_your_name.html
UNIT 5
108
CHILEAN CONNECTION
What do these numbers in the text refer to? 1.2 - 2.2 - 3.58 - 3.6 - 4 - 27 - 100 - 160 - 300 - 600 - 1960 -
2,400 - 67 million.
WATCHING THE SKIES IN THE NAME OF SCIENCE

The La Silla Observatory, 600 km north of Santiago With about 300 refereed publications attributable
de Chile and at an altitude of 2,400 meters, has been to the work of the observatory per year, La Silla
a European Southern Observatory stronghold since remains at the forefront of astronomy. La Silla
the 1960s. Here, ESO operates several of the most has led to an enormous number of scientific
productive 4-meter class telescopes in the world. discoveries, including several firsts. The HARPS
spectrograph is the undisputed champion at
La Silla is a mountain bordering the southern
finding low-mass extrasolar planets. It detected the
extremity of the Atacama Desert in Chile. It is
system around Gliese 581, which contains what
located about 160 km north of La Serena, 27 km
may be the first known rocky planet in a habitable
south of the Las Campanas Observatory, and 100
zone, outside the Solar System (ESO 22/07). Several
km north of the Cerro Tololo Observatory.
telescopes at La Silla played a crucial role in linking
The 3.58-meter New Technology Telescope (NTT) gamma-ray bursts the most energetic explosions
broke new ground for telescope engineering and in the universe since the Big Bang with the
design and was the first in the world to have a explosions of massive stars. Since 1987, ESO La
computer-controlled main mirror (active optics), a Silla Observatory has also played an important role
technology developed at ESO and now applied to in the study and follow-up of the nearest recent
most of the worlds current large telescopes. supernova, SN 1987A.
Adapted from: Mundo Andino (n.d). La Silla Observatory. Retrieved October 30,
The ESO 3.6-meter telescope is now home to the 2011, from: http://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/lasilla/
worlds foremost extrasolar planet hunter: HARPS and http://www.mundoandino.com/Chile/La-Silla-Observatory
(High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher), a
spectrograph with unrivaled precision.
The La Silla Observatory is the first world-class
observatory to have been granted certification
for the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) 9001 Quality Management
System. The infrastructure of La Silla is also used
by many of the ESO member states for targeted
projects such as the Swiss 1.2-meter Euler
telescope, as well as more common user facilities
such as the 2.2-meter Max Planck telescope. The
67-million pixel Wide Field Imager on the
2.2-meter telescope has taken many amazing
images of celestial objects, some of which have
now become icons in their own right.
American v/s British English
meter - organization - standardization - unrivaled
metre - organisation - standardisation - unrivalled
SCIENCE
109
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
READING FINDING WATER ON THE MOON
traces of water
ce it see ms ; sci en tists said they had found
y du ll pla over the
The moon is not the dr es fou nd the ch em ical signature of water all
t space pr ob ent
in the dirt. Three differen wh o at fi rst do ub ted the unexpected measurem
ing the scientis ts ents and tests.
moons surface, surpris ntl y an d rep ea tedly by several experim
ep en de
until it was confirmed ind e to foster life on the moon
but if
t en ou gh mo ist ur et fuel
it was no drinking water and rock
Scientists revealed that t pr ov ide res ou rce s
tities, it migh ar day.
processed in mass quan Th e wa ter co me s and goes during the lun
ab ita nt s.
for future moon inh lunar dirt, there would
of wa ter . If yo u too k a two-litre soda bottle of ty of Maryland
It is not a lot nfu l of water in it, said Universi
probably be a quart er of a tea sp oo e water. She said the
hin e, on e of th e sci en tists who discovered th
astronomer Jessica Suns
to the surface.
water was simply sticking ce on Thursday and a
pu bli shed in the journal Scien
The discovery, wi th th ree stu die s the moon dropped after
ref oc us int ere st in th e moon. The appeal of
NASA briefing, could cent desolation.
vis ited it 40 ye ars ag o and called it magnifi d near
astronauts SA probe purposely smashe
ek s be for e a NA
mes two we e last decade,
The announcement co it co uld kic k up buried ice. Over th
the moons South Po le to se e if poles, but this
of un de rg ro und ice on the moons
astronomers have found
so me sig ns clinging to the
t. It fi nd s un ex pe cte d and pervasive water
differen
latest discovery is quite
ab so rb ed into it.
surface of soil, not ew by. All three
raf t th at eit he r circled the moon or fl
The water was spotted
by sp ac ec mething was
tru me nt . At fi rst , sci entists thought that so
e of ins op of
ships used the same typ e ev ery on e kn ew th e moon did not have a dr
nts becaus
wrong with the instrume
water on the surface. s to find out where the pr
oblem was,
hs am on gs t ou rse lve d the
mont at belongs to NASA an
We argued literally for ed a dif fer en t pr ob e th
en they us of NASAs Cassini
one scientist said, but th tea m als o loo ked back at the records
result was the same. Fin
all y, th e ssed by the
n. It ha s th e sa me typ e of instrument and it pa
Satur at the
probe, which is circling th e sa me res ult wa s revealed. Experts say th
re enough , ferent
moon ten years ago. Su s ma lfu nc tio ne d in th e same way on three dif
ent instrument ts testing lunar
chance that three differ , so th is co nfi rm s that it is water. Scientis
t ze ro t they had
spaceships is almos na uts did find traces of water, bu
rth by as tro
samples returned to Ea rth air.
tion from moisture in Ea
figured it was contamina new find
Ins titu te sen ior sci en tist Paul Spudis called the
Lunar and Planetar y e from?
the log ica l qu est ion : Where did that water com
sed
exciting and said it rai into the
it ca me fro m co me ts or asteroids that crashed
s: e surface, or the
There are two possibilitie tra pp ed water from below th
cra sh es fre ed up t, thus forming
moon and those th at bin d with oxygen in the dir
dr og en ato ms
solar wind carries hy
water molecules.
water in moon dirt.
, S. (20 09, Sep tem ber 23) . Its not lunacy, probes nd satoday.
Adapted from: Borenstein 2009, from: http://www.u
ht 200 9 The Asso ciat ed Press. Retrieved 30 October 09- 23- mo on-w ater _N.htm
USA Today - Copyrig com/tech/science/2009-
UNIT 5
110
1 Read the article. Which of these is the main You Your partner
conclusion you can draw from it? 2 pts. c. I clearly remember when iii. _____clearly remembers
a. The presence of water on the moon means ________________ when ____________
that life existed there before. _______________. _______________.
b. If there is water on the moon, people might d. My parents complain that iv. ____ s parents complain
one day install human colonies there. ________________ that _____________
c. If there is water on the moon, we might one _______________. _______________.
day bring it to Earth. e. I have learnt how much v. _________ has learnt
________________ how much _________
2 Read the text again and complete these _______________. _______________.
sentences. 5 pts.
a. Scientists said they were surprised ________.
LISTENING MYSTERIES OF SCIENCE
b. They also revealed that _________________.
c. Scientists argued for months ____________.
d. Lunar senior scientist Paul Spudis called the
new finding __________________________.
e. He also asked the question where ________.
3 Read the article once more and answer these

questions. 3 pts. 5 38 Listen to two people talking about some
a. What did astronauts call magnificent mysteries of science. Tick () the speaker who
desolation? mentioned these points. 6 pts.
b. Why did the NASA probe smash into the
moon? Speaker I Speaker II
c. What are the two explanations for the a. A Spanish geologist
presence of water on the moon?
b. A British researcher
c. Low ozone levels
SPEAKING d. Global warming
4 Complete the sentences in column A e. Acoustic resonance

with your own ideas. Then ask your f. Various instruments
partner the appropriate questions to
complete the same sentences in 6 38 Listen again and circle the word you hear.
column B with his / her answers. 10 pts.
4 pts.
You Your partner a. Jess Martnez-Fras, a planetary geologist,
a. In our chemistry class I i. In our chemistry class went to investigate the accident / incident.
discovered that ______ _________ discovered b. Ice balls have fallen in other parts of the
_______________. that _____________. world, some up to 100 /200 kilograms
b. Our English teacher ii. Our English teacher in weight.
explained that _______ explained that _______ c. The phenomenon is clearly caused by an
_______________. _______________. acoustic resonance / response.
d. In many booming dunes, the sand grains are
unusually uniform in shape / size.
SCIENCE
111
LANGUAGE WRITING
7 Change these sentences into Reported 9 Write two short paragraphs (maximum 150
Speech. 4 pts. words) with the information in the
a. Jane: What programme did you see interview below. Use the reporting
on Saturday? verbs in the box. 10 pts.
b. Shop assistant: Can I help you?
asked answered enquired
c. Customer: How much does the
computer cost?
explained indicated replied
d. Sandra: Its not a good idea to leave said told wanted to know
so late. Reporter: Can you tell me a little about the
Nazca Lines?
8 Look at the pictures and answer Prof Maine: The Nazca Lines are an enigma.
the questions. 4 pts. No one has proved who built
a. A: What did the tourist ask you? them or why.
B: ___________________________________. Reporter: Is it true what some people say,
that they are old landing sites for
extraterrestrials?
b. A: What did you tell Susan? Prof Maine: Some people say so, but we
B: ___________________________________. scientists are sure that it is not
true.
Reporter: What is the specific location of
c. A: What did the policeman say? the lines?
B: ___________________________________. Prof Maine: They are located in the Nazca
Desert, a high arid plateau
between the towns of Nazca and
d. A: What did the astronomer explain?
Palpa on the pampa.
B: ___________________________________.
Reporter: And how big are they?
Prof Maine: They cover nearly 400 square
miles of desert.
Reporter: What is the scientific name for
such structures?
Prof Maine: Figures produced on the ground
by the clearing of stones are called
a geoglyphs and they can be found
c in Egypt, Malta, the United States,
Chile, Bolivia and several other
countries.
b
d

112
SELF - EVALUATION
8 - 10 Great Grasped all main ideas and did most tasks correctly.
6 - 7 Good Grasped the majority of main ideas and did most tasks correctly.
3 - 5 OK Grasped some main ideas and did most tasks correctly.
0 - 2 Poor Deduced some main ideas and did just a few tasks correctly.
7 - 8 Great Understood and applied all items in all cases. 2 - 3 OK Understood and applied some items in some cases.
4 - 6 Good Understood and applied most items in most cases. 0 - 1 Poor Understood and applied very few items in very few cases.
Speaking You are expected to be able to ask and answer questions using reporting verbs.
Asked and answered all the questions Practically no language mistakes. Fluid interaction, good pronunciation,
4 3 3
using appropriate reporting verbs. and no hesitation.
Asked and answered some questions Very few language mistakes. Fluid interaction, a few pronunciation
3 2 2
using some reporting verbs. mistakes, a minimum of hesitation.
Asked and answered half of Some language mistakes. Fluid interaction, some pronunciation
the questions using one or two 2 1 mistakes, some hesitation. 1
reporting verbs.
Asked and answered only 1 or 2 Language mistakes interfere with Interaction affected by pronunciation
1 comprehension. mistakes and a lot of hesitation. 0
questions using one reporting verb.
Writing You are expected to write a short text based on an interview.

Wrote text following all indications, Practically no grammar or Correct spelling and organisation of
4 vocabulary mistakes. 3 paragraphs. 3
using all reporting verbs.
Wrote text following most indications, Very few grammar or vocabulary A few spelling mistakes, unclear
3 mistakes. 2 organisation of paragraphs. 2
using most reporting verbs.
Wrote text following some indications, Some grammar and vocabulary Several spelling mistakes, incorrect
2 mistakes. 1 1
using half of reporting verbs. organisation of paragraphs.
Wrote text, but followed very few Grammar and vocabulary mistakes A lot of spelling mistakes, incorrect
indications, not using the reporting 1 interfere with comprehension. 0 organisation of paragraphs. 0
verbs.

I reflected on the implications of genetic manipulation and cloning.
I actively participated in discussions and conversations related to science issues.
I used different strategies to understand and to make myself understood.
SCIENCE
113
UNIT 6
READING: define and infer. GRAMMAR: reporting verbs questions / indirect
questions.
LISTENING: identify specific information.
VOCABULARY: words related to business activities and
ORAL PRODUCTION: discuss professions and occupations.
commercial letters.
WRITTEN PRODUCTION: write a business letter.
FUNCTIONS: complain / disagree / apologise / warn. You will use the following text types:
READING: business / commercial letters.
LISTENING: conversations.

The importance of following specific procedures in formal situations.

114
IN BUSINESS
1 List two jobs for each category. 5 pts.
a. They require great physical strength.
b. They require long years of study.
c. They require a lot of patience.
d. They require spending a lot of time away from home.
e. They are really dangerous.
2 Match each of these situations (a d) with the cartoon that best represents it (1 4). 4 pts.
a. A complaint. c. A disagreement.
b. A warning. d. An apology.
Young
Excuse man! Ill
me; there I dont like have to give
seems to be your idea of buying you a ne if Im very sorry
something wrong new earphones for you dont get for interrupting.
with this laptop. the iPod. up from the
grass.
1 2 3 4
3 Why do people normally write letters? In pairs, list four reasons. 4 pts.
Your score:
0 - 4: Look up the words in a dictionary or ask your teacher to help you.
5 - 9: Well done, but you could improve your vocabulary looking up some words.
10 - 13: Great job. You are ready to start the lesson.
keep in touch, to apologise, to confess something, to declare love, etc.
3. Possible answers (any four of these): To apply for a job, to provide / ask for information, to complain about something, to
salesperson. e. Diver, fireman, stuntman, window cleaner, zoo keeper. 2. a. Cartoon 1. b. Cartoon 3. c. Cartoon 2. d. Cartoon 4.
scientist, teacher. c. Artist, nurse, secretary, shop assistant, teacher. d. Pilot, soldier, tourist guide, train driver, travelling
1. Possible answers (any two of these): a. Athlete, builder, luggage handler, lumberjack, miner. b. Doctor, lawyer, musician,

115
o n1 BUSINESS LETTERS READING
Less

previous knowledge. a. In what situations do people complain?
2. To differentiate between b. Have you ever had to return an article you bought? What was the reason?
formal and informal language. How did you do it? Were you satisfied with the result?
3. To infer the meaning of key 2 Match the informal expressions in column A with their formal equivalents in
words.
column B.
4. To deduce the communicative
purpose of texts. A B
5. To predict general information a. Ask your dad to help you with your i. I request the pleasure of your company
using previous knowledge. homework. at the party to be held on the occasion of
6. To identify format of business my birthday.
letters.
b. I totally agree with you, but theres ii. Mr Jensen, a young gentleman is waiting
nothing I can do to help you. for you to make a complaint.
c. John, there is a guy here waiting for you; iii. The item is not working; therefore
he wants to complain. I would like you to replace it.
d. This thing is broken, so I want it changed. iv. I thoroughly understand your position;
however, there is nothing I can do to
help you.
e. Will you come to my birthday party? v. You should request your fathers help to
do your homework.
3 Which of these words sound or look similar in Spanish? Find the meaning of
the rest in a dictionary.
account client department discriminate
Learning tip invoice issue justifiably purchase
When using formal 4 Match the names of letters in the box with their definitions (a e).
English, we often use the
expression: Im afraid Letter of apology Letter of complaint Order letter
It means something like Resignation letter Thank you letter
I would help you if I
could, but I cant. a. _______________: you write it when you are not satisfied with a
Examples: product or a service.
Im afraid the train is b. _______________: you send it to your employers when you can no
late. longer work for them.
Im afraid I cant offer c. _______________: you offer your gratitude for something done for you.
you a refund.
d. _______________: you ask for a product or a service to be delivered.
Im afraid Mr Smith is
out of the office at the e. _______________: it shows you are sorry and says that you value your
moment. relationship with the other party.
UNIT 6
116
5 In your opinion, which of these are characteristics of business letters? Mark
them with a tick ().
a. _____ They are fairly short and to the point.
b. _____ They are usually handwritten.
c. _____ They are usually rude and offensive.
d. _____ They are written to express personal feelings.
e. _____ They follow a strict format.
f. _____ They have a very specific purpose, such as a complaining,
enquiring, requesting, etc.
g. _____ They use formal language.
6 These diagrams show what a one-page business letter should look like. Have
a look at the letters on pages 118 - 119 you are going to read and decide
which style they are.
a. Block Style b. Semiblock Style c. Modified Block Style
7 Read the letters on pages 118 - 119 and check your predictions in Exercise 5.
8. To identify definitions.
8 Match the letters (I V) with the definitions in Exercise 4 (a e). 9. To find and support specific
information.
9 Mark with a tick () the letter that mentions the following points. 10. To discriminate between
I II III IV V information.
11. To identify explicit and implicit
a. A product required by a certain date. information.
b. An inconvenience caused by a new staff member. 12. To infer information.
c. A request for an explanation.
d. Someones plans for the future.
e. Someones positive qualities.
IN BUSINESS
117
January 30, 2010
Marina
I HRM MaStanley
nager
Vanguard Telecommunication Inc
.
1, High Street
Glasgow
Dear Ms Stanley,
Please accept this letter as notifi
cation that I am leaving my pos
Telecommunication Inc. on March ition as Call Center Agent with Van
, 1 of this year. guard
I would like to take this opportunity
to express my sincere thanks for
as Vanguard Telecommunication being able to work for such an imp
s. I feel that I have learnt a lot as ortant company
benefits is that, thanks to my inte a member of your staff. One of the
racting with international clients most important
confident talking to people, I am , I have enormously improved my
familiar with client services and English. I now feel
the opportunity you have given me I have learnt how to work in a tea
over the past year. I will try to use m - all this thanks to
The reason for my leaving is tha all these new skills in my future
t I have decided to take up my stu positions.
technology on March, 13. I hope dies again. I will be starting a cou
to become a computer engineer rse in information
I will be happy to train my replace in the future.
ment or do anything else you fee
me know if you find this arrange l will help make the transition sm
ment satisfactory. oother . Please let
Thank you very much for giving
me this opportunity.
Sincerely yours,
Valeria Santos
II
August 12, 2011
Mr. Ray Daniels
Teen Delight
226 Oak Tree Avenue
Maryland
Dear Mr. Daniels, was his
went to your shop to buy a few products. It
Last Friday, my 16-year old son, Andrew, pant s and a swea ter
forward to buying a pair of
first shopping trip alone and he was looking He had high
king in a local fast food restaurant.
all paid for with the money he earned wor .
did not want any adults to accompany him
hopes for his first shopping trip alone and to buy
e back without any of the things he wanted
Unfortunately, after an hour or so he cam oached
was looking at different clothes, he was appr
and he was also extremely upset. While he
extensively on matters I find difficult
by one of your guards, who questioned him what
him what his name was. Then he asked him
to understand. First of all, the guard asked pare nts were .
then wanted to know where his
the purpose of his visit to the shop was. He purc hase s.
and he left the shop without making any
These questions made my son really upset the
son was simply looking around a shop with
I feel that your guard acted incorrectly. My e that is American v/s British English
ched and discriminated against in a plac
intention of buying a few things. He felt wat
agers.
supposed to specialize in products for teen was.
Mr., Mrs., Ms.
what the reason for this kind of treatment
I would like some kind of explanation as to son, who
upset given that the situation affected my
You will understand that I feel justifiably Mr, Mrs, Ms
.
now does not want to go shopping on his own
rm us of your findings?
Will you please investigate the issue and info
Sincerely,
Michelle Ortega
Smooth : (adj.) happening or continuing without problems. Approach : (verb) come near someone.
UNIT 6
118
III
June 22, 2010 IV August 6, 2010
Karen Bewley Mr. Joey Derwin
Human Resources Manager 415 Greenhills Street
Royal National Hospital San Fernando, Texas
1400 Jackson Street Dear Mr. Derwin,
Denver, Colorado 80206 Will you &kindly &send me &
five (5) &boxes of A4, white
&printing &paper, &suitable &for
Dear Karen, &use with &both &inkjet and &lase
my &printers as advertised &in yo r
Just a quick note &to &thank you &for &under &the number TP0987?
ur July catalogue on &page
23
& i nter viewing
&interview on June 21. I &found your &to my &bank account, detail
Please charge &this &purchase
your
&style &very &refreshing, and I appreciate a &previous &invoice, as I ha
s of which you will &find &i
n
openness and &honesty. ve made other &purchases wi
your company &in &the &past th
t (&ink cartridges, &printing
I am &very &excited about &the accountan &paper, and office &stationery
ital s Hum an ).
assistant &position at &the &hosp
&to work I &shall &especially appreciate
Resources Department and &the chance delivery, as Im currently wo
your &usual &prompt
&is &exactly
with &such a great &team. This &position &projects and must &print a
rking on &several &importan
t
&sincerely
what I &have &been &looking &for, and I &by August, 25. Please delive
&large number of documents
&for as &well.
&hope I am &the &person you are &looking address: 124 Meadow Street
r &the &five &boxes &to my &usua
l
erns , &please , San Juan, Texas. I would
If you &have any questions or conc appreciate &it &if you could
&let me &know &the date of &
&feel &free &to &contact me at 736-7374. delivery &in advance &to ma the
&forward &to ke &sure &there &is &someone
Thank you once again, and I &look &receive &it. Please &send &the &inv
oice with &the &boxes.
&to
&talking &further. Sincerely yours,
Yours &sincerely,
Samuel H. Morgan Christina Hamilton
V
March 19, 2011
Mr. Steve Reavis
225 Gilbert Road
apologize, Loves Park, IL 61111
organization Dear Mr. Reavis,
apologise, I would like to apologize for the mix-up
on your last
organisation order. We recently hired a new sales pers
on who was
not familiar with your systems. We hav
e corrected your
order and shipped it out this morning.
We understand
your disappointment and appreciate the
inconvenience
this must have caused your organization
, which is why
Adapted from: Phillips, E. (1999). Shocked, Appalled and we have applied a 10% discount on you
r order.
Dismayed! How to Write Letters of Complaint that Get Results.
Again, I apologize for our mistake and
(1st ed.). New York: Vintage Books regret any
inconvenience caused as a result.
Yours faithfully,
Gerald Belknap
Customer Service Manager
Disappointment : (noun) sadness because sth has not happened or been as good as expected.
Concern : (noun) feeling of interest or worry.
IN BUSINESS
119
10 Are these statements true (T) or false (F)?
a. ____ The sender of Letter I was very happy with her job.
b. ____ The name of the recipient of Letter II is Michelle Ortega.
c. ____ The sender of Letter III would like to work as an accountants assistant.
d. ____ The sender of Letter IV does not have a bank account.
e. ____ The sender of Letter V is asking for a 10% discount.
11 Read the letters again. Do these sentences express explicit (E) or implicit (I)
information?
a. _____ Christina Hamilton is often out.
b. _____ Valeria Santos is going back to university.
c. _____ Michelle Ortegas son did not buy the clothes he wanted.
d. _____ The sales person has been working with Gerald Belknap for a
short time.
e. _____ Samuel Morgan will be delighted to get the job.
12 What can you infer from these sentences in the letters? Choose the best
alternative.
a. Letter I:
I will be happy to train my replacement or do anything
else you feel will help make the transition smoother.
i. Valerias boss is very demanding.
ii. Valeria is willing to help the company and her replacement.
iii. Valeria is relieved to be leaving the company.
b. Letter II:
I feel that your guard acted incorrectly.
i. Ms Ortega does not agree with the guards actions.
ii. Ms Ortega finds the guards attitude correct.
iii. Ms Ortega is unhappy with her sons reaction.
c. Letter III:
I &found your &interviewing &style &very &refreshing,
and I appreciate your openness and &honesty.
i. Samuel disliked the interviewer.
ii. Samuel felt uncomfortable at the interview.
iii. Samuel liked the interview.
d. Letter IV:
You &will &find &the details of my
&bank account &in a &previous &invoice.
i. Mr Derwin knows Ms Hamilton very well.
ii. Ms Hamilton has made purchases from this company before.
iii. Ms Hamiltons bank account details are public.
e. Letter V:
We recently hired a new sales person
who was not familiar with your systems.
i. An employee caused the problem.
ii. Computers and an employee caused the problem.
iii. Computers caused the problem.

120
13 Use some of the words in Exercise 3 to fill in the gaps in these sentences. 13. To consolidate key vocabulary.
14. To identify and classify
a. You have bought another video game! Its such an unnecessary differences between American
_______________________. and British English.
b. If you need more information, please contact the Human Resources
15. To practise a language item.
_______________________.
16. To use information to complete
c. What must I do to open a bank _________________________?
a conversation.
d. One of the most important _____________________ people talk about is
global warming. 17. To imitate a spoken model.
e. It is very important to answer the complaint letter sent by one of your 18. To evaluate learning.
_______________________. 19. To write a new text following a
model.
14 The words in the first column of this chart appeared in the letters you read. 20. To reflect on the contents of
They are in American English. Complete the chart with the correct word in the lesson and relate them to
British English and tick the correct column (Spelling or Vocabulary). Then, own experiences.
add two more examples of your own for each type of difference.
Spelling Difference Vocabulary Difference

Apologize
Center
Learned
Organization
Pants
Specialize
Language Note Reporting verbs questions (continued)
1. Read these sentences from Letter III and the original direct questions.
a. He asked him what his name was.
What is your name? the guard asked.
b. The guard asked him what the purpose of his visit to the shop was.
What is the purpose of your visit to the shop? the guard asked.
c. He also wanted to know where his parents were.
Where are you parents? the guard wanted to know.
2. What do you notice about the indirect questions?
a. The tenses change.
b. The word order changes.
c. Nothing changes.
3. The answer is a. and b. If the reporting verb is in the Past then the rest of
the sentence also undergoes a verb change (see Language Note Unit 5,
Lesson 1, Page 97). There is also a change of the word order.
Direct question: Why is Sonia late? Henry asked.
Indirect question: Henry asked why Sonia was late.
HYPERTEXT: digital resources and activities IN BUSINESS

121
15 Change these direct questions into indirect ones.
a. What time is it? Sally wanted to know.
b. Who is your maths teacher? my brother asked.
c. Where is the bathroom? the child asked his father.
d. How tall are you? the doctor enquired.
e. How much are these Coldplay CDs? I wanted to find out.
16 Use information from Letter I and the visual clues on the left to complete the
conversation between Valeria and her boss, Marina.
Marina: So Valeria, I understand that you are leaving the Call Center.
Valeria: _______________________________________________________
Marina: And when exactly are you planning to leave?
Valeria: _______________________________________________________
Marina: What are your plans for the future?
Valeria: _______________________________________________________
Marina: I believe that you liked working for us.
Valeria: _______________________________________________________
Marina: And what is the most important thing that you learned here?
Valeria: _______________________________________________________
Marina: And what other skills have you learned from working with us?
Valeria: _______________________________________________________
Marina: Do you think you could help us train your replacement?
Valeria: _______________________________________________________
17 40 Now listen to the conversation and check your answers. Then practise
and role play the dialogue for the class.
18 MINITEST Report what these people asked. Use a different reporting

verb for each sentence. 10 pts.
a. Mollys mother: Molly, where is your father?
____________________________________________________________.
b. The teacher: How did you find the information to write the report?
____________________________________________________________.
c. Sarah: How many languages can you speak?
American v/s British English ____________________________________________________________.
d. Kelly: Why dont you answer my messages?
center / learned ____________________________________________________________.
e. The interviewer: What is your experience with learning disabilities?
centre / learnt ____________________________________________________________.
0 3 7 to
REVISE AGAIN to 2 GOOD JOB! to 6 EXCELLENT! 10

122
You are going to work with a partner to write a c. One of you should write the letter on a clean
business letter. sheet of paper following the agreed format.
a. Choose one of the following situations: d. Keep the letter brief and to the point. In a one-
i. You have ordered a PC for your brothers page letter, you will usually need only three or
birthday, which is in four days. The company four paragraphs, single spaced. Use a double
you ordered it from is: PC Quick Deals, 12 space in between paragraphs.
Dalton Street, Minneapolis, USA. The sales e. Remember not to use shortened verb forms (dont
manager is Ms Edna Carrow. instead of do not; its not instead of it is not).
OR f. Finish the letter with a salutation (Yours
ii. You are leaving your job because you found sincerely, Yours faithfully, etc.).
another one closer to your home. You work g. Always sign the letter by hand.
for QMC Department Store, 234 Garden h. Proof-read the letter and then read it aloud.
Avenue, Wicklow, Ireland. The Human Ask and answer these questions: Does it make
Resources Manager is Miss Kiara Spencer. sense? Does it sound polite? Does it have all the
OR relevant information? Does it follow a business
iii. You went to your local Municipal Office letter format?
to obtain a driving licence. You found i. If you answered yes to all the questions above,
the service exceptionally good and quick. write the letter on a clean sheet of paper.
You would like to thank the Customer j. Ask your teacher to read the letter and give you
Service manager, Mr Steve Soames, for the his / her opinion. Do not tell her / him what type
service. The address is: 17 Coleman Parade, of letter you were going to write. Does she / he
Waverley, Victoria, Australia 3150. consider that you have achieved your objective?
b. According to the situation you have chosen, Evaluate your performance. Say Yes or No.
decide what type of letter you are going to
ed the instructions.
write apology, order, resignation, etc. In pairs, We read and follow ter.
e purpose of our let
discuss the details: format of the letter, what We determined th g the relevan t format and purpos
e.
r ke epin
information you should include, and what kind We wrote the lette
g and grammar.
of language to use. We checked spellin

a. What have you learnt about writing business letters?
b. Can you name two situations in which you would use formal and informal
language?
c. What would you do if one of your best friends needed a job, but he / she
didnt have a good CV? Would you send a letter recommending her /
him to your boss?
d. What do you think of these quotations? How much do you agree with them?
A friendship founded on Success is never final. Competition brings out

business is better than a business the best in products and the
founded on friendship. worst in people.
John D. Rockefeller, Jr.(1874 - 1960) Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965) David Sarnoff (1891 - 1971)
IN BUSINESS
123
o n2 DESCRIBING JOBS LISTENING
Less

previous knowledge.
a. How do people know what to do in a specific job before they start
2. To connect pictures and working?
content.
b. Why do you think we need a job description?
3. To describe and guess jobs. c. What information should a job description include?
4. To infer the meaning of key
words. 2 Look at the pictures (1 4) and complete the short job descriptions for each
5. To predict content. one (a d).
1 2 3 4
a. A security guard is a person who ________________________________.

American v/s British English He or she usually _____________________________________________.
Mailman / b. A postman / postwoman is a person who __________________________.
Mailwoman He or she usually _____________________________________________.
Postman / c. A pilot is a person who _________________________________________.
Postwoman He or she usually _____________________________________________.
d. A sports commentator is a person who ___________________________.
He or she usually _____________________________________________.
3 Work with your partner. Each of you must choose a job and describe it. Use
the descriptions in Exercise 2 as a model. Can your partner guess the job?
These pictures can give you some ideas.
1 2 3 4
UNIT 6
124
4 41 Listen to the words and indicate which ones look or sound similar in
Spanish. Find the meaning of the rest in a dictionary.
applicant committee loan maintenance qualifications require salary supplies
5 You will listen to three conversations. What do you think the common
subject of the three will be?
a. Looking for a job. b. Jobs people like and dislike. c. How to apply for a job.
WHILE YOU LISTEN

Learning abilities
6 42 Listen to the three conversations and check your prediction in Exercise 5. 6. To validate predictions.
7 42 Listen again and tick the jobs mentioned. Three of them are not mentioned. 8. To find and match specific
information.
9. To match non-textual
information and visuals that
represent it.
10. To find and classify
information.
a. ____ Accountant b. ____ Loans officer c. ____ Office assistant information.
d. ____ Pilot e. ____ Receptionist f. ____ Safety officer
8 42 Listen again and fill in each blank in these sentences with ONE word.
Then write the corresponding name of the jobs you identified in Exercise American v/s British English
a. ____________: this person usually ____________ loan ____________,
analyses ____________ reports and ____________ and High school
reviews loan ____________.
Secondary
b. ____________: this person will investigate ____________ and suggest school
preventive ____________; he / she will examine potential
unsafe working ____________, direct the activities of a
____________ committee and may provide
safety ____________.
c. ____________: this person will run the photocopying ____________ and
perform special ____________ such as ____________,
binding, cutting and stapling ____________.
He / she will be ____________ for the maintenance of
the ____________ and ordering ____________.
Staple : (verb) keep together with staples (staple: (noun) a piece of metal in the shape of a square bracket).

125
9 42 Listen to the conversations again and match each one with a picture
(1 3). Identify two details (clues) that helped you to decide.
1 2 3
Conversation _________ Conversation _________ Conversation _________
Clues: _______________ Clues: _______________ Clues: _______________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
10 42 Tick which conversation mentions each of these points.

Counselor I II III
a. A diploma
Counsellor b. A job counsellor
c. An application form
d. Maintenance
e. Maths skills
f. The salary
g. Training
h. Two years experience
11 42 Listen again and choose the best answer (i or ii) for these questions (a f).
Conversation I
a. Who are the participants in this conversation?
i. A job counsellor and a job seeker. ii. Two friends.
Conversation II
b. Where does this conversation take place?
i. At a job centre. ii. In a school.
c. What does the man in this conversation think of the job?
i. It is ideal for him. ii. It is too dangerous.
Conversation III
d. Where did the girl in this conversation find the job advertisement?
i. On a bulletin board. ii. In a newspaper.
e. What did she do immediately?
i. She phoned. ii. She sent her CV.
f. What is the situation of the girl in this conversation?
i. She needs some experience. ii. She doesnt need any
experience.

126
AFTER YOU LISTEN Learning abilities
12 Use some of the words in Exercise 4 to complete these sentences. 12. To use new vocabulary.
13. To use new vocabulary and
a. If you want to work in program analysis you must have the right structures.
_____________________.
14. To reinforce a language point.
b. She applied for a bank _____________________, but did not get it.
c. Tammy sent a letter to order some _____________________. 15. To participate in a guided
conversation.
d. The interviewing _____________________ will meet today and decide
who will get the job. 16. To evaluate learning.
e. There were over 500 _____________________ for the job we advertised. 17. To summarise (ideas,
f. David is in charge of the general _____________________ of the information) through
building and the gardens. discussion and oral work.
own experiences.
Language Note Indirect questions
1. Read these examples from the recording.

a. She wanted to know if I was good at any specific school subjects.
b. I asked her if I had to take a special course. American v/s British English
c. They asked if I could start next week. Program (noun
d. I enquired if I needed any experience. and verb, all
2. Can you match the indirect questions above with their direct cases)
equivalents?
Program (noun
a. Do I have to take a special course? and verb in
b. Do I need any experience? connection with
c. Are you good at any specific school subjects? computers)
d. Can you start next week? Programme
3. Which of these statements is true about the indirect questions? (radio, TV, etc.)
a. They all include the word if.
b. They dont have a question mark at the end.
c. They all use the word ask.
d. They look like a sentence in the affirmative form.
4. a., b. and d. are true. Notice that we use the word if when the direct
question does not have a question word (what, when, where, etc.) and
requires a simple yes / no answer.
Learning tip
When you want to ask

13 Change these direct questions into indirect ones. a question that is quite
a. Can you take me to the station? Emily asked. sensitive, difficult, or
b. Do you have a spare pen? the man enquired. embarrassing, try using
c. Does the new employee know anything about computers? one of these openings:
Annie wondered. Can / Could you tell
d. Did we switch off the lights at home? Helen asked. me if ?
Id be interested to hear
e. Are you coming to my party? Stephen wanted to know. / know if
f. Have you ever applied for a scholarship to study abroad? the Id like to know if
interviewer asked me. Would you mind telling
me if ?

127
14 Read and complete the indirect questions in these conversations.
I
Rosa:
Can you tell me if _________________________________?
Assistant:
Sorry, Mrs White is not in at the moment.
Rosa:
Would you mind telling me what time ________________?
Assistant:
Yes, she will be back in about half an hour.
Rosa:
I was wondering if ________________________________.
Assistant:
Of course you can leave her a message. Tell me.
II
Peter:
Id like to know if __________________________________.
Tourist guide:
Sorry, the Fine Arts Museum is closed right now.
Peter:
Can you tell me if _________________________________.
Tourist guide:
Yes. It opens at 10 am on Mondays.
Peter:
I cant remember if ________________________________.
Tourist guide:
No, its not in the city centre. It is in Marylebone.
Peter:
Id also like to know if ______________________________.
Tourist guide:
Yes, you have to pay an entrance fee, but it is not much.
15 43 Listen to the recording and check your answers. Practise and role play
the two conversations.
16 MINITEST Complete these sentences using your own ideas. 8 pts.

a. George asked Fred and Myra if they
______________________________.
b. The doctor asked me if I ________________________________________.
c. The Finance Minister asked if the President ________________________.
d. The hairdresser wanted to know if Frances _________________________.
e. The Japanese tourist wondered if anyone _________________________.
f. Teresa would like to know if you _________________________________.
g. The children asked if they ______________________________________.
h. Mr Thomas wanted to know if the band ___________________________.
0 3 6

128
17 APPLICATION TASK - SPEAKING
Gathering information is a critical step in making an 1. Occupation / Profession / Job title:
effective career decision. Work in pairs. ________________________________________
a. Make two copies of the worksheet opposite for 2. Primary responsibilities
a job you think you would like to have. What do people in this occupation do?
b. Read the form through and find out the Mention at least two specific responsibilities
meaning of any words you do not understand. for this occupation.
c. With your partner, discuss each heading and the 3. Requirements
points provided. For example, if your chosen job Key skills and abilities required.
is an accountant (job title) what responsibilities Personality traits that are important for this
would be the most important? occupation.
d. Make notes of the relevant information in the 4. Employment
answers. In what setting is this occupation found?
e. Make a presentation to the class about the job Indoors? Outdoors? Both?
of your choice. Use the notes you have taken to In what kind of organisations? (small
help you. businesses, public schools, hospitals, etc.)
f. Did anyone else choose the same job? Are his / 5. Educational preparation
her findings the same as yours? If not what is What programme of study or training is required
different? or suggested for entry into this occupation?
g. Now that you have researched the profession you What licenses or certifications are required?
liked and talked about the positive and negative 6. Salary range
aspects do you still see yourself doing it? What is the typical salary for someone
h. Ask your teacher and classmates to evaluate entering this occupation?
your presentation using these points. 7. Job characteristics
Say Yes or No. How many working hours are there in an
average week for this occupation?
Is shift work involved?
uctions. Is travel involved? How often? Short / Long
lled in the form ac cording to the instr
I fi distances? Overnight?
levant information.
I included all the re the lesson. 8. Positive features
tures and ideas from
I used words, struc spelling Mention two positive aspects of this occupation.
ch ecke d and corrected grammar and 9. Negative features
I
mistakes. Mention two negative aspects of this occupation.
10. Related occupations
Mention two occupations that are similar to
the one you researched.

a. Can you now describe jobs?
b. What information must you include in a job description?
c. Why is it necessary to list someones duties and tasks before he or she
starts working?
d. If you had the opportunity to earn a lot of money doing something that
goes against your principles or is very controversial, would you do it?
IN BUSINESS
129
1 Read the beginnings of three letters (I III). What type are they? Choose from the alternatives in the box.
a follow-up letter a letter of complaint a resignation letter
a thank you letter an application letter an order
Avicom Computer Company

Sales Department
23rd Street,
Washington,
Washington DC
29 January, 2008
Dear Sirs, have
does not work. It is the second time I
Im afraid that the enclosed software from
attached correspondence). I bought it
had to return software this month (see g the softwar e, I
Washington. While installin
the Avicom store at Newtown Street,
.
was careful to follow your instructions
II
19 February, 2010
Dear Frederick,
given me with my &job
Thank you &for all &the &help you &have
rmation and advice you
&search. I &especially appreciate &the &info
ave &shared with me. Your
&have &provided, and &the contacts you &h
ing &this &process.
assistance &has &been &invaluable &to me dur
III
Mr. George Gulliver
Trenton Hospital
87 Delaware Road,
Hatfield, CA 08065
17 January, 2011
Dear Mr. Gulliver,
k
Head Nurse as advertised in the New Yor
I am writing to apply for the position of on, my
completed job application, my certificati
Times. As requested, I am enclosing a .
ious employers and teachers
resume and three references from prev

130
2 Match these answers (a - c) with the three letters in Exercise 1 (I - III).
a
Dear Ms Stevens, ver, I must inform
the rec eip t of yo ur application letter. Howe
I would like to co nfirm the day before we
the application pe riod for the nursing job closed
you that because ion.
ed yo ur letter , we can no t consider you for the posit
receiv
b
Dear Tom, software you
ha ve ha d so ma ny problems installing the
I am terribly sor ry you r and we would
I can ass ure you that you are a valued custome
bought at our store. n to see
ins tallation service. We will send an IT technicia
like to offer you a home y check that your PC does
not present any
lation an d to ad dit ion all
to the instal
problems.
c
Dear Sue, and that it has
er. I am glad th at you could use my help
I really appreciate your lett
search.
assisted you during your
3 Re-write the direct questions (a d) in these cartoons (1 4) in indirect form.

Where Are How How
is the nearest you having a much does old are
post ofce? good time? it cost? you?
a b c d
1 2 3 4
a. __________________ b. __________________ c. __________________ d. __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________

131
JUST FOR FUN
1 Read the text and fill in the blanks completing the calculations.
at what you are asking for.

So you want a day off? Lets take a look
work.
There are 365 days per year available for means that 52
already have 2 days off per week. That
There are 52 weeks per year in which you e only (b.) ________
subtract it from the 365 days, we will hav
weeks by 2 gives us (a.) ________. If we
available for work. s, leaving only
y from work, you have used up 170 day
Since you spend 16 hours each day awa
(c.) ________ days available. year, leaving only
ee break, which counts for 23 days each
You spend 30 minutes each day on coff
(d.) ________ days available. (e.) ________ days
e used up another 46 days, leaving only
With a one hour lunch each day, you hav
available for work.
sick leave.
You normally spend 2 days per year on
per year available for work.
This leaves you only (f.) ________ days __ days.
off 5 holi day s per year, so you r avai lable working time is down to (g.) ______
We are lable for work.
erou sly give 14 day s vaca tion per year , which leaves only (h.) ________ day avai
We gen
off!
Theres no way Ill let you take that day
f. 20 c. 91
h. 1 e. 22 b. 261
g. 15 d. 68 a. 104 Answers:
2 Match each cartoon (1 3) with a punch line (a c).
1 2 3
I hate I know
His heart is summers! It always that you are a teacher;
too soft to be a means unemployment that is why I will give you a
good chef! for us. short SENTENCE!
a b c
UNIT 6
132
CHILEAN CONNECTION
How do you think foreigners see us behave in business activities, formally or informally?
In which months are business meetings in Chile not advisable?
CHILEAN BUSINESS ETIQUETTE

FOR VISITORS FROM OVERSEAS
This guide to doing business in Chile highlights
some key areas for consideration when doing
business in Chile.
Meeting and Greeting
When meeting someone in Chile, a handshake is
customary. You may see women patting each other
on the right forearm or shoulder rather than shaking
hands. When meeting large groups, it is good
etiquette to shake hands with all those present.
When addressing people, start formal and wait for
an invitation to go informal. Address people by
their surnames and Mr, Mrs or Miss.
Gestures Business Meetings and Negotiating
In Chile, people leave little space between each other Appointments should be made a few weeks prior
when interacting. Do not be surprised if the person to arrival in Chile. January and February are the
you are speaking with places a hand on your shoulder summer holidays, so try to avoid them.
when talking with you. Eye contact is important in
Chile, as it conveys trust, sincerity, and interest. Chileans negotiate in a serious and straight talking
manner. Be upfront, but not overbearing. Hard sell
Entertaining tactics or pressure never work. Always be prepared to
Business entertaining usually takes place at hotels compromise, as this shows you value the relationship
or restaurants. If you are the one inviting them, more than the financial aspects of the deal.
you should pick up the bill. If you are invited to a Adapted from: Kwintessential (n.d.). Doing Business in Chile. Retrieved on October 3,
persons home in Chile, it is good etiquette to send 2011, from: http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/etiquette/doing-business-chile.html
flowers or chocolates to the hostess in advance. If
you wish to convey your thanks after the meal, do
so by phone rather than in writing.
IN BUSINESS
133
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
READING THE BUSINESS OF LETTER WRITING
I II
Re: Replacement of washing machine
Dear Mr Castle,
Dear sir or madam,
rn that the Easy Spin
blem It was distressing to lea
This letter is to notify you about a pro ught from us last
was hing washing machine you bo
I am having with the Eas y Spin erly. I am also sorry
store month did not work prop
machine that I bought at your Essex r of the store in
to hear that the manage
last October. your needs properly.
Essex did not attend to
I am dissatisfied with your product up immediately and
This issue will be taken
d I will keep in touch to
because it does not heat up water investigated further, an
.
let you know the outcome
not
correctly and when it washes, it does
remove all the detergent. I hav e alre ady store to replace the
ing I have now instructed the
attempted to solve this problem by talk damaged goods to
item. Please turn over the
to the store manager, but without any delivery of the new
the driver at the time of
results. I also found him quite rude and
machine.
unwilling to find a satisfactory solution
this unfortunate
to my problem. I hope that you can I am sincerely sorry that
dly ask for your
investigate this matter further. incident occurred and kin
lieve me when I say
understanding. Please be
Having received no satisfactory solution hly valued by Easy
ng that each customer is hig
from your store, I am hereby requesti
or Spin.
that you replace the faulty machine
ines
refund my money. Easy Spin Washing Mach
Yours faithfully, General Manager
Jordan Castle. Dustin Cole
III
Dear Sir,
gratulate companies on the
do not take the chance to write and con
I would like to say that people usually
excellent service they received.
quite pleased with your
Petersburg campsite I have to say I am
However, after vacationing at your St. welcoming place. Upon
ns and pers onn el. I don t beli eve I have ever been at a more efcient and fortable.
operatio who made our check-in short and com
e gree ted by che erfu l staf f mem bers
our arrival, we wer
various functions of
r emp loye es wer e extr eme ly cou rteo us and went out of their way to explain
All of you
ly kept.
the campsite, which was clean and nice
end the St.
I had a love ly time whi le stay ing there. I am pleased to say I will recomm
My family and
Petersburg site to my friends.
Sincerely yours,
John Davis and family
(Paperback).
ia of Business Letters, Fax, Memos, and E-Mail
Adapted from: Bly, R. (1998). The Encyclopaed Pomp ton Plains , NJ: Career Press.
UNIT 6
134
1 Read the letters (I III) and match them LISTENING PLACING A JOB ADVERTISEMENT
with these types of letters (a c). 3 pts.
a. A letter of apology. 4 44 Listen to a conversation and choose
b. A thank you letter. the picture that best represents it. What
c. A letter of complaint. clues did you hear? 2 pts.
2 What can you infer from these sentences

in the letters? 3 pts.
a. Letter I: I hope that you can investigate this
matter further.
i. The writer expects the Essex store
manager to be congratulated.
ii. The writer expects the Essex store a
manager to talk to the General Manager.
iii. The writer expects the General Manager
to deal with an employees bad attitude.
b. Letter II: I have now instructed the store to

replace the item immediately.
i. The customer will get his money back.
ii. The customer will receive a new machine. b
iii. The customer will receive further
instructions.
5 44 Listen to the conversation and choose
c. Letter III: (Your employees) went out of the best answer to the questions. 5 pts.
their way to explain various functions of the
a. Where does the person want to place an
campsite.
advertisement?
i. The employees got lost. i. In a newspaper. ii. On a website.
ii. The employees were very helpful. b. What position is the ad for?
iii. The employees worked outside the camp. i. A pilot. ii. A flight attendant.
c. How many words does the ad have in total?
3 Are these statements true (T) or false (F)? i. 80. ii. 65.
6 pts. d. What must the ideal candidate for the job have?
a. _____ The writer of the first letter has a i. Experience. ii. A high school diploma.
problem with a clothes dryer. e. When will the ad be published?
b. _____ The writer of the first letter will accept i. Next week. ii. Tomorrow.
a new machine or his money back.
c. _____ Mr Castle bought his machine in
6 44 Listen again and fill in the contact
Essex. details of the person placing the ad. 5 pts.
d. _____ Letter II is offering a satisfactory Name: __________________________________
solution to a problem. Surname: _______________________________
e. _____ The writer of letter III went to the Position: ________________________________
campsite alone.
E-mail address: __________________________
f. _____ The staff at the campsite were very
friendly. Telephone number: ______________________
IN BUSINESS
135
LANGUAGE SPEAKING
7 Change the direct questions into indirect 9 Use the expressions in the box to complete the
questions using the provided openings. 5 pts. interviewers part, and your own ideas to
a. Has Sean been to New Zealand? complete the applicants part of this interview
(a l). Then practise and role play it with a
I wonder _____________________________ partner. 16 pts.
_____________________________________.
Can you tell me I cant remember I wonder if
b. Are Manchester United winning the match?
I would like to know Id like to ask you Im afraid
The football fans asked the commentator
_____________________________________ Interviewer: (a.) __________________________
_____________________________________. ________________________________________.
Applicant: Well, my name is (b.) _____________
c. Have I left my umbrella at home? and Im (c.) _____________ years old.
I cant remember ______________________ Interviewer: (d.) _________________________
_____________________________________. ________________________________________.
d. Can you play the accordion? Applicant: Yes, I sent my application form by
e-mail last Wednesday.
The music teacher asked ________________
_____________________________________. Interviewer: (e.) __________________________
________________________________________.
e. Did you learn English at school?
Applicant: Im sorry that you cannot find it, but I
Our new friends enquired _______________ have another copy with me.
_____________________________________. Interviewer: (f.) __________________________
8 Fill in the blanks in this paragraph with the ________________________________________.
phrases in the box. 5 pts. Applicant: Yes, I have some experience. I worked
as a(n) (g.) ____________ for (h.) ____________.
he knew his home address he was from
Interviewer: (i.) __________________________
his name was his parents were old he was ________________________________________.
The police found the little boy wondering alone Applicant: Im applying for the job because
on the beach. They asked him where (j.) _____________________________________.
(a.) ________________, but he looked scared Interviewer: (k.) __________________________
and did not answer. They took him to the police ________________________________________.
station and gave him something to eat and Applicant: I could start work next (l.) _________
drink. Then a police psychologist asked him ______________________________ if necessary.
what (b.) ________________ and how
(c.) ________________. The psychologist WRITING
also enquired if (d.) ________________, but
the boy was quiet. It was only after a while 10 You ordered five (5) boxes of A4, white printing
that a policewoman asked in three different paper, suitable for use with both inkjet and laser
languages where (e.) ______________.When printers, but the order did not arrive. You phoned
she at last spoke in Portuguese, the boy smiled once and spoke to the secretary, but did not get a
and said he was Brazilian. positive answer. Write a letter of complaint
(maximum 150 words) requesting that the order be
delivered as soon as possible. 10 pts.
UNIT 6
136
SELF - EVALUATION
10 - 12 Great Grasped all the main ideas and did most of the tasks correctly.
6 - 9 Good Grasped most of the main ideas and did most of the tasks correctly.
3 - 5 OK Grasped some of the main ideas and did most of the tasks correctly.
0 - 2 Poor Deduced some of the main ideas and did a few tasks correctly.
8 - 10 Great Understood and applied all items in all cases. 2 - 4 OK Understood and applied some items in some cases.
5 - 7 Good Understood and applied most items in most cases. 0 - 1 Poor Understood and applied a few items in very few cases.
Speaking You are expected to be able to ask and answer questions using reporting verbs. Assign 1 point to each correct indirect question and
assign the rest of the points following these criteria.
4 3 3
Asked and answered some of the Very few language mistakes. Fluid interaction, a few pronunciation
questions appropriately 3 2 mistakes, a minimum of hesitation. 2
Asked and answered half of the Some language mistakes. Fluid interaction, some pronunciation
questions appropriately. 2 1 1
Asked and answered only one or Language mistakes interfere with Interaction affected by pronunciation
1 0 0
two of the questions appropriately. comprehension. mistakes and a lot of hesitation.
Writing You are expected to write a letter of complaint.

Wrote letter following all indications, Practically no grammar or vocabulary Correct spelling and organisation of the
using indirect questions / reporting 4 mistakes. 3 paragraphs. 3
verbs.
Wrote letter following most Very few grammar or vocabulary A few spelling mistakes, unclear
indications, using some indirect 3 mistakes. 2 organisation of paragraphs. 2
questions/ reporting verbs.
Wrote letter following some Some grammar and vocabulary Several spelling mistakes, incorrect
indications, using a few indirect 2 mistakes. 1 organisation of paragraphs. 1
Wrote letter, but followed very few Grammar and vocabulary mistakes A lot of spelling mistakes, incorrect
indications and did not use indirect 1 interfere with comprehension. 0 organisation of paragraphs. 0

I reflected and gave my opinion on moral issues related to work and business.
I participated in the discussions and conversations related to business issues.
IN BUSINESS
137
ANSWERS
UNIT 1. LANGUAGE
7 A B
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
What time might it be? Im not sure.
READING THREE LOVE LETTERS It might be around 5 p.m. A possibility
1 Letter I c. Letter II a. Letter III b. She might miss the plane if
she does not hurry. A possibility
2 a. Because Brad makes her laugh really hard. Where might we go at
b. Because he left Krissy / because he feels guilty. the weekend? A suggestion
c. Probably yes, but only as a friend. Whatever you prefer - you
3 a. - ii. b. - iii. c. - i. might have salad or pasta. A possibility
Might I take this chair if you
LISTENING LOVE REUNITED 14
are not using it? A request
4 a. 5 a. 8 (Other sensible answers are acceptable).
6 a. 42 / 17. b. ended / France. c. mothers / Spain. a. so. b. absolutely. c. such. d. really.
d. answered / right. e. 30 / kissing.
SPEAKING
9 (Other sensible answers are acceptable according to your reality).
You might have lunch in the school cafeteria. / You might ask Carlos.
You might join the drama class. / You might call Jenny.
You might need to fill in a form.
Assign points to the activity according to the following criteria.
Completed the dialogue with four Practically no language mistakes. Fluid interaction, good pronunciation,
4 3 3
or five of the correct alternatives. no hesitation.
Completed the dialogue with three Very few language mistakes. Fluid interaction, a few pronunciation
or four of the correct alternatives. 3 2 2
Completed the dialogue with two Some language mistakes. Fluid interaction, some pronunciation
or three of the correct alternatives 2 1 1
Used only one or two of the correct Language mistakes interfered with Interaction aected by pronunciation
1 0 0
alternatives in the dialogue comprehension. mistakes and a lot of hesitation.
WRITING
10 Assign points according to the following criteria.
Writing You are expected to complete a letter using alternatives and your own ideas to start and finish.
Filled in all the blanks with Practically no grammar or Correct spelling, opening and closing.
4 3 3
appropriate information. vocabulary mistakes.
Filled in most of the blanks with Very few grammar or vocabulary A few spelling mistakes and incorrect
3 2 2
appropriate information. mistakes. opening or closing.
Filled in some of the blanks with Some grammar and vocabulary Several spelling mistakes and
2 1 1
appropriate information. mistakes. incorrect opening or closing.
Filled in only one or two of the blanks Grammar and vocabulary mistakes A lot of spelling mistakes and
1 0 0
with appropriate information. interfere with comprehension. incorrect opening and closing.
138
MINITEST 2 Bella Swan main female character. Billy Burke
13 P. 13 Possible answers supporting actor. Catherine Hardwicke director.
Melissa Rosenberg screenwriter. Robert Pattinson
a. You might visit (interesting place in students
main male actor. Stephanie Meyer author / writer.
area).
b. Helen / Ian, might I borrow your T-shirt? 3 a. No. There are no clichd stereotypes with
c. Mum, I have looked everywhere. Do you fangs, coffins and stakes through the heart.
know where my favourite jeans might be? b. In Portland, Oregon.
d. You might buy crisps, biscuits and soft driks. c. It ties in to the story perfectly; the soundtrack fits
13 P. 17 Possible answers the tone of the film (with its moody rock songs).
This happened a month ago. The day was LANGUAGE
terribly hot and I really wanted a drink. I looked 4 Answers will vary.
around and saw a little kiosk with soft drinks
and ice-cream, but it was so crowded I decided 5 a. He was playing football when I saw him
to look somewhere else. Then, a boy standing yesterday. (present participle)
right in front of the kiosk waved to me. He was b. There is only one great passion in his life:
very cute! He had a bottle of orange crush in his writing books. (gerund)
hand and he was offering it to me. I was quite c. Thank you for giving me such a beautiful gift.
impressed. And now, a month later, we are (gerund)
dating! I still think he is absolutely fabulous. d. What is she doing here? (present participle)
e. I hate doing the same thing twice. (gerund)
UNIT 2.
LISTENING OPINIONS FROM MOSCOW 20
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
6 a. librarian. b. romance. c. fantasy.
READING UNUSUAL VAMPIRES
d. last week. e. people.
1 a. 7 a. RYM. b. BT. c. RYM. d. RYM. e. BT.
SPEAKING
8 (Other sensible possibilities are acceptable).
Juliet: Im sure Ive seen that James Bond film before.
Brenda: I think youre wrong. Youve seen Casino Royale, but not Quantum of Solace.
Juliet: Youre right about Casino Royale but Im not certain if I saw the other film too.
Brenda: he two films certainly are quite similar.
Juliet: Now that I remember, Quantum of Solace was filmed in Latin America, wasnt it?
Brenda: Argentina, I think.
Juliet: No, I am quite certain it was a dierent country. Let me thinkChile! Yes, thats right, it was Chile.
Brenda: Im not really sure. They filmed it somewhere in the desert, didnt they?
Assign points to the activity according to the following criteria.
Completed the dialogue with seven Practically no language mistakes. Fluid interaction, good pronunciation,
3 2 3
or eight of the correct alternatives. no hesitation.
Completed the dialogue with five A few language mistakes. Fluid interaction, a few pronunciation
or six of the correct alternatives. 2 1 2
Completed the dialogue with three Language mistakes interfere with Fluid interaction, some pronunciation
or four of the correct alternatives. 1 comprehension. 0 1
Used only one or two of the correct Interaction aected by pronunciation
0 0
alternatives in the dialogue. mistakes and a lot of hesitation.
139
WRITING
Writing You are expected to write a short film review.
Wrote a review including all the Practically no grammar or Correct spelling, neat presentation.
4 3 3
required details. vocabulary mistakes.
Wrote a review with most of the Very few grammar or vocabulary A few spelling mistakes, some
3 2 2
Wrote a review with some of the Some grammar and vocabulary Several spelling mistakes, quite a few
2 1 1
Wrote a review with very few or Grammar and vocabulary mistakes A lot of spelling mistakes, poor
1 0 0
none of the required details. interfere with comprehension. presentation.
MINITEST 7 a. light.
13 P. 33 b. cut.
Possible answers c. on TV.
a. is sitting. b. Eating. c. watching. d. is helping. d. tiny.
e. doing. f. learning. g. is enjoying. h. Arriving. 8 a. A nanometre is 1 billionth part of a metre.
15 P. 37 b. Invention 1, the molecular clippers, is useful
a. repairing all kinds of things. because we can use it to hold very tiny
b. arriving late. objects.
a. Eating fruits and vegetables. c. Invention 2, the mini laser, is useful because it
a. doing her homework. is used to cure skin cancer.
LANGUAGE
UNIT 3. 9 a. The doctor suggested that I drink lots of
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE water and have three light meals a day.
b. The teacher insisted that we submit the
READING - GREEN SHIPS FIGHT GLOBAL WARMING
paper on Monday at the latest.
1 c. c. Marie proposed that we sell the tickets at
2 three pounds each.
d. The scientist recommended that we take
A B the necessary steps to reduce global
15 The amount of benefit for each pound spent warming now.
on stratospheric aerosols.
2,000 The number of ships to be used in the project. 10 a. In fact. b. as long as. c. Even though.
5.3 billion The total cost of cloud whitening.
150 billion The cost governments are considering 11 Answers will vary. Check the use of that and the
spending on the reduction of CO2 emissions. Subjunctive.
3 a. True. b. False. c. True. d. False.

4 a. It is much cheaper than other methods.
b. The impact it has on different industries.
LISTENING CUTTING EDGE TECHNOLOGY 26
5 Interview I: b. Interview II: c.
6 c. d.
140
SPEAKING
12 Assign 1/2 points for each correct match picture - introduction.
a. Picture 2. b. Picture 3. c. Picture 1. d. Picture 4.
Assign the rest of the points according to these criteria.
Speaking You are expected to role play dialogues of introduction.

Role played the four dialogues Practically no language mistakes. Fluid interaction, good pronunciation,
3 2 3
Role played three of the dialogues A few language mistakes. Fluid interaction, a few pronunciation
appropriately. 2 1 2
Role played two of the dialogues Language mistakes interfere with Fluid interaction, some pronunciation
appropriately. 1 comprehension. 0 1
Role played only one or none of the Interaction aected by pronunciation
0 0
dialogues appropriately. mistakes and a lot of hesitation.
WRITING
13 Assign points according to these criteria.
Writing You are expected to write a summary.
Wrote a summary following all the Practically no grammar or Correct spelling and neat presentation.
4 3 3
indications. vocabulary mistakes.
Wrote a summary following most Very few grammar or vocabulary A few spelling mistakes and some
3 2 2
of the indications. mistakes. presentation problems.
Wrote a summary following some Some grammar and vocabulary Several spelling mistakes and quite a
2 1 1
of the indications. mistakes. few presentation problems.
Wrote a summary, but followed very Grammar and vocabulary mistakes A lot of spelling mistakes and poor
1 0 0
few of the indications. interfere with comprehension. presentation.
MINITEST 13 P. 57
15 P. 53 Will vary. Check that the Subjunctive is used
Possible answers correctly.
a. The teacher suggested that we read Don
Quijote de la Mancha as a good example of UNIT 4.
Spanish literature. TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
b. The doctor recommended that I take the
cough mixture after I eat. READING - WHO IS BANKSY?
c. I demand that you return my money! The 1 a. (3). b. (2). c. (5). d. (4). e. (1).
computer is not working.
d. She insisted that we drink some milk 2 a. VI. b. IV. c. III. d. IV and V. e. I. f. II.
before we set off. 3 a. A monkey wearing a sandwich board, Mona
e. I propose that we fly to Mexico and there Lisa with a rocket launcher.
we can rent a car. b. Brad Pitt, Cristina Aguilera.
f. The President urges that we all vote in the c. A pizza box.
next elections. d. No, they dont.
141
LISTENING CONCERT FANS 32 c. By the time he arrived at his friends house,
4 a. ii. b. ii. c. i. d. ii. she had gone out.
d. By the time he arrived at the football
5 a. Jen. b. Dani. c. Dani. d. Jen. stadium, the gamed had finished.
6 a. chance. 8 a. John complained that the phone had rung
b. important. at 3 oclock in the morning.
c. cannot. b. Tina told us that the exam had begun 10
d. can. minutes late.
LANGUAGE c. Fred said that he had lived in Dublin
before moving to Los Angeles.
7 a. By the time he arrived at the train station, d. Marian explained that the doctor had asked
the train had left. her to describe her typical day.
b. By the time he arrived at the theatre, the
play had started.
SPEAKING
Speaking You are expected to be able to compare two paintings expressing your preferences.
Compared the paintings in detail and Practically no language mistakes. Fluid interaction, good pronunciation,
4 3 3
expressed preferences appropriately. no hesitation.
Compared the paintings with a Very few language mistakes. Fluid interaction, a few pronunciation
few details and expressed some 3 2 mistakes, a minimum of hesitation. 2
preferences appropriately.
Compared the paintings in general Some language mistakes. Fluid interaction, some pronunciation
and expressed a few preferences. 2 1 mistakes, some hesitation. 1
Compared the paintings vaguely Language mistakes interfere with Interaction aected by pronunciation
1 0 0
and didnt express preferences. comprehension. mistakes and a lot of hesitation.
WRITING
Writing You are expected to write three paragraphs following instructions.
Wrote three paragraphs following Practically no grammar or Correct spelling and organisation of the
4 3 3
all the indications. vocabulary mistakes. paragraphs.
Wrote three paragraphs following Very few grammar or vocabulary A few spelling mistakes and unclear
3 2 2
most of the indications. mistakes. organisation of the paragraphs.
Wrote two paragraphs following Some grammar and vocabulary Several spelling mistakes and incorrect
2 1 1
some of the indications. mistakes. organisation of the paragraphs.
Wrote one or two paragraphs Grammar and vocabulary mistakes A lot of spelling mistakes and incorrect
1 0 0
following very few of the indications. interfere with comprehension. organisation of the paragraphs.
142
MINITEST UNIT 5.
17 P. 75 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
a. were / had lost.
b. moved / had worked. READING - FINDING WATER ON THE MOON
c. played / had left. 1 b.
d. spoke / had studied. 2 (Be flexible to accept other correct answers).
e. was / had gone.
a. Scientists said they were surprised to find
16 P. 81 out there was water on the moon.
a. Laurie said she had seen Casino Royale on TV. b. They also revealed that it was not enough
b. The man told me he had sent the packet moisture to foster / support life.
three days ago. c. Scientists argued for months to find out what
c. The scientist explained that the Neanderthal the problem with the instruments was.
had lived thousands of years ago. d. Lunar senior scientist Paul Spudis called the
d. The university authorities announced that new find exciting.
they had uploaded the exam results on their e. He also asked the question where the water
website. came from.
3 a. The moon.
b. To see if it could bring up buried ice.
c. (1) The water came from comets or asteroids
that crashed into the moon. (2) The solar
wind carries hydrogen atoms that bind with
oxygen, this way making water.
SPEAKING
4 3 3
using appropriate reporting verbs. and no hesitation.
Asked and answered some questions Very few language mistakes. Fluid interaction, a few pronunciation
3 2 2
using some reporting verbs. mistakes, a minimum of hesitation.
Asked and answered half of Some language mistakes. Fluid interaction, some pronunciation
the questions using one or two 2 1 mistakes, some hesitation. 1
reporting verbs.
Asked and answered only 1 or 2 Language mistakes interfere with Interaction aected by pronunciation
1 comprehension. mistakes and a lot of hesitation. 0
questions using one reporting verb.
143
LISTENING - MYSTERIES OF SCIENCE 38 b. The shop assistant asked if she could help me.
c. The customer asked how much the computer cost.
5 I II d. Sandra said it was not a good idea to leave so late.
a. A Spanish geologist P 8 Check the use of the correct tenses and
b. A British researcher P appropriate pronouns.
c. Low ozone levels P Possible answers
d. Global warming P a. The tourist asked me where the museum was.
e. Acoustic resonance P b. I told Susan I was happy.
f. Various instruments P c. The policeman said he wanted to see my
documents.
6 a. incident. b. 200. c. resonance. d. size.
d. The astronomer explained that the telescope
LANGUAGE was working again.
7 a. Jane asked what programme I had seen on
Saturday.
WRITING
Writing You are expected to write a short text based on an interview.
Wrote a text following all Practically no grammar or Correct spelling and organisation of
the indications, using all the 4 vocabulary mistakes. 3 paragraphs. 3
reporting verbs.
Wrote a text following most of Very few grammar or vocabulary A few spelling mistakes, unclear
the indications, using most of the 3 mistakes. 2 organisation of paragraphs. 2
reporting verbs.
Wrote a text following some of Some grammar and vocabulary Several spelling mistakes, incorrect
2 mistakes. 1 1
the indications, using half of the organisation of paragraphs.
reporting verbs.
Wrote a text, but followed very few Grammar and vocabulary mistakes A lot of spelling mistakes, incorrect
of the indications, not using the 1 interfere with comprehension. 0 organisation of paragraphs. 0
reporting verbs.
MINITEST 17 P. 104
15 P. 99 Possible answers
a. that her name was Carla. a. My son asked me why I was so tired / sad.
b. she did. b. I wanted to know when we would go on
c. I went to Alexander Fleming school. holiday.
d. his name was George. c. My young wife wondered where we would
buy our first home.
i. I told her / I said she had a lovely name. d. I asked dad how much the TV cost.
ii. I added that I was from Benton City too. e. My teacher enquired how many students
iii. She exclaimed that her boyfriend also knew the answer.
went to that school.
iv. I shouted that my name was George too.
144
UNIT 6. LANGUAGE
7 a. I wonder if Sean has been to New Zealand.
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
b. The football fans asked the commentator if
READING THE BUSINESS OF LETTER WRITING Manchester United was winning
1 I - c. II - a. III - b. the match.
c. I cant remember if I left my umbrella
2 a. iii. b. ii. c. iii. at home.
3 a. False. b. True. c. True. d. True. e. False. f. True. d. The music teacher asked if I played / could
play the accordion.
LISTENING PLACING A JOB ADVERTISEMENT 44 e. Our new friends enquired if we had learnt
4 a. English at school.
5 a. i. b. ii. c. i. d. ii. e. ii. 8 a. his parents were b. his name was
c. old he was d. he knew his home address
6 Name: Pauline. e. he was from
Surname: Brown.
Position: Human Resources manager.
E-mail address: pbrown@nationalair.co.uk.
Telephone number: 44 028 786765.
SPEAKING
9 Assign one point to each correct indirect question and assign the rest of the points following
these criteria.
4 3 3
Asked and answered some of the Very few language mistakes. Fluid interaction, a few pronunciation
questions appropriately 3 2 mistakes, a minimum of hesitation. 2
Asked and answered half of the Some language mistakes. Fluid interaction, some pronunciation
questions appropriately. 2 1 1
Asked and answered only one or Language mistakes interfere with Interaction aected by pronunciation
1 0 0
two of the questions appropriately. comprehension. mistakes and a lot of hesitation.
145
WRITING
10 Assign points following these criteria.
Writing You are expected to write a letter of complaint.

Wrote the letter following all the Practically no grammar or vocabulary Correct spelling and organisation of the
indications, using indirect questions / 4 mistakes. 3 paragraphs. 3
reporting verbs.
Wrote the letter following most of Very few grammar or vocabulary A few spelling mistakes, unclear
the indications, using some indirect 3 mistakes. 2 organisation of paragraphs. 2
Wrote the letter following some Some grammar and vocabulary Several spelling mistakes, incorrect
indications, using a few indirect 2 mistakes. 1 organisation of paragraphs. 1
Wrote the letter, but followed very Grammar and vocabulary mistakes A lot of spelling mistakes, incorrect
few of the indications and did not use 1 interfere with comprehension. 0 organisation of paragraphs. 0
indirect questions / reporting verbs.
MINITEST 16 P. 128
18 P. 122 Check each students answers individually or
(Accept variations in the reporting verbs). ask them to exchange minitests with a partner
a. Mollys mother wanted to know where her and correct each others answers.
father was.
b. The teacher asked how we had found the
information to write the report.
c. Sarah enquired how many languages we
could speak / spoke.
d. Kelly wondered why I didnt answer her
messages.
e. The interviewer wanted to find out what my
experience with learning disabilities was.
146
THEMATIC INDEX
A biography: Pablo Picasso. 83
A brochure: Planet saving technology. 50
A conversation about iPhone art. 77
A conversation between two girls. 87
A film poster. 31
A film review: Unusual Vampires. 42
A film review. 31
A news story. 23
A song. 15
A web cam lecture: Asking the right questions. 101
An article about science and technology. 62 - 109 - 110
An article on numerology . 108
An article: Vincent Van Google . 84
An article: Who is Banksy? 86
An interview with a famous person. 35
Business letters. 59 - 118 - 119 - 130 - 131 - 134
Chilean Connection. 21 - 41 - 61 - 85 - 109 - 133
Extract from a novel. 30
Gerunds. 36
Indirect questions. 103 - 127
-ing forms. 32
Intensifiers. 16
Job interviews. 63
Love letters. 10 - 22
Magazine article: The Rapping Years . 70 - 71
Reporting verbs. 97 - 121
Scientific article: The Magic of DNA . 94
147
Teen Science Blog. 106
Telephone conversation: placing a job advertisement. 135
The modal verb might. 12
The Past Perfect tense. 72 - 79
The Subjunctive with that. 52 - 56
Three conversations about jobs. 125
To apply new vocabulary and structures. 52 - 98 - 127
To ask and answer questions. 32
To classify information. 34
To classify words. 12 - 48
To connect content and previous knwoledge. 34 - 48 - 54 - 69 - 76 - 76 - 92 - 100 - 116 - 124
To connect pictures and content. 34
To connect pictures and topic. 92
To connect the topic and experience. 100
To consolidate a language point. 12 - 17 - 32 - 35 56 - 73 74 104 122 - 128
To consolidate vocabulary. 17 - 35 - 55 - 57 - 73 - 74 - 79 - 98 - 102 - 121
To create a new text. 17 - 53 - 75 - 99 - 123
To deduce the communicative purpose of texts. 116
To describe and guess jobs. 124
To differentiate between fact and opinion. 96
To differentiate between formal and informal language. 116
To discriminate between correct and incorrect information. 15 - 29 - 35 - 78 - 97 - 102 - 120
To discuss a scientific topic. 105
To discuss an issue. 57
To draw conclusions. 55
To evaluate learning. 13 - 17 - 33 - 37 - 53 - 57 - 75 - 81 - 99 - 104 - 122 - 128
To expand content expressing opinions. 80
To expand vocabulary. 12
To express opinions. 7 - 35 - 68 - 93 -100
148
To express personal attitudes. 7
To find general and supporting information. 29 - 55
To find meaning of words / to make predictions. 8 - 14 - 34
To find specific information. 9 - 49 - 55 - 69 - 77 - 78 - 93 - 101 - 102 - 117 - 125 - 126
To find the meaning of key words and identify their pronunciation. 54 - 100
To identify and classify differences between American and British English. 121
To identify cognates. 34 - 48 - 69 - 76
To identify explicit and implicit information. 120
To identify format of business letters. 117
To identify purpose of a text. 93
To identify references. 93
To identify speakers. 35
To identify stressed word. 15
To identify synonyms. 69 - 11
To identify textual clues. 102
To identify textual references. 49
To identify tone of message. 14 - 15
To identify type of text. 48 - 69
To infer information. 120
To infer meaning of words / expressions. 48 54 - 78 - 116 125
To match information. 29 - 48 - 77
To participate in a guided oral dialogue. 49 - 98
To practise a structure. 52
To predict content from cognates and familiar words. 48 - 100
To predict content from the context. 54 - 93 - 125
To predict messages using non-verbal content. 77
To reflect on the contents of the lesson and
relate them to personal experiences. 17 - 33 - 36 - 53 - 57 - 68 - 75 - 81 - 99 - 105 - 123 - 129
To relate content to personal experiences. 17
149
To role play an interview. 37
To role play dialogues imitating a spoken model. 17 - 32 - 37 - 56 - 74 - 80 - 104 - 122
To summarise (ideas, information) through discussions and oral work. 129
To talk about art forms and preferences. 81
To transfer relevant information to a visual organiser. 29 - 49 - 69 72 - 96 101
To use information to complete a conversation. 122
To validate predictions. 29 - 35 - 48 - 55 - 69 - 77 - 93 -101 - 117 - 125
To write a text. 17 - 33
Two presentations about mysteries of science. 111
Unit Test 1 22
Unit Test 2 42
Unit Test 3 62
Unit Test 4 86
Unit Test 5 110
Unit Test 6 134
Writing tips. 40
150
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Blandchard, K.R. and Root C.T. (1996). For Your Information. (1st ed.). White
Plains, New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
Burke, J.M. et al. (2003). Reading Reminders: Tools, Tips, and Techniques.
(2nd ed.). Portsmouth, NH: Boynton / Cook Publishers, Inc.
Chapman, N. et. al. (1997). The Macmillan Visual Dictionary. (1st ed.). Mexico
DF: Prentice Hall Hispanoamericana.
Fox, Gwyneth associated editor et al. (2007). Diccionario Macmillan Castillo
Espaol Ingls, Ingls - espaol. (1st ed.). Mexico DF: Editorial Macmillan de
Mxico S.A. de C.V.
Jara, H. et al. (1995). Technical English 1. (3rd ed.). Santiago: S.l, Salesiana.
Mascull, B.L. (1997). Collins Cobuild Key Words in Science and Technology.
(1st ed.). Glasgow: Heinemann Publishers.
Murphy, R.M. (1997). Essential Grammar in Use. (2nd ed.). Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Peregoy, S.F. et al. (2005). Reading, Writing and Learning in ESL. (3rd ed.).
Columbus, Ohio: Allyn & Bacon.
Rinvolucri, M. et al. (1995). More Grammar Games. (1st ed.). Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Sandler, C. and Keefe, J. (2004). 1001 Letters for All Occasions: The Best Models
For Every Business and Personal Need. (1st ed.). Avon, MA: Adams Media.
WEB SITES
http://www.ingles.mineduc.cl/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p002vsmz
http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/
http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/Stories/
http://dsc.discovery.com/
http://dsc.discovery.com/games/games-tab-03.html
http://www.mansioningles.com/index.htm
http://www.isabelperez.com/
http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/
151
Global English, English 4 Medio
Original text Jolanta Polk Reyes

Teaching English as a Foreign Language,
Dublin, Ireland
Teacher training, translation and English Literature,
University of Silesia, Poland
Reimpresin 2013 Ediciones Cal y Canto

ISBN: 978-956-8623-97-5

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Reimpresin 2012 Ediciones Cal y Canto
ISBN: 978-956-8623-97-5

2011 Ediciones Cal y Canto
ISBN: 978-956-8623-97-5

Original illustrations Ediciones Cal y Canto

Design Ediciones Cal y Canto

Original illustrations Ediciones Cal y Canto

Design Ediciones Cal y Canto
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Design Mara Jess Moreno Guldman
Cover design Mara Jess Moreno Guldman
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Proofreading Thomas Connelly
Illustrations Venus Astudillo Vera
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TEXTO DEL ESTUDIANTE

EDICIN ESPECIAL PARA EL MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIN

Jolanta Polk Reyes

Este libro pertenece a:

UNIT 4 YOUNG ART

to the CD with your teach

2 What shapes are these instruments? 4 pts.

Examine your book and answer these questions.

In this unit you will learn to:

accordion arranger ballad cellist classical composer country disc jockey

5. What can you find at the end of the book?

The AFTER YOU READ

to help you to develop

the AFTER YOU LISTEN

help you to develop your

JUST FOR FUN

Each unit has an

Use the Internet or books

one based on a reading text, and which includes a

one based on a listening text.

are for you to enjoy

BEFORE YOU READ / LISTEN

and learn new things

WHILE YOU READ / LISTEN

AFTER YOU READ / LISTEN 60

________ Rap music ________

Did you know that...

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

This is an additional tool to make

This section will help you to notice

worth &living. Maybe &this &letter &is all I need

3 These chunks (a c) have been removed

and what you need MINITEST

Each lesson has a short evaluation

This section will help

Suggested web resources to gather information on various topics

you to get involved

or prepare for a presentation. They provide a good opportunity for

guiding you to discover

your strengths and

YOUR GENERAL PERFORMANCE

of values. you want, at your own pace.

HOW READY ARE HOW READY ARE HOW READY ARE

You will pay special attention to these values

HYPERTEXT: digital resources and activities

angry annoyed cheerful delighted happy hateful

2 Which of the actions in the statements (a h) and / or in the pictures (1 5)

WHILE YOU READ Learning abilities

9 Here is a summary of one of the letters. Which letter (I IV) does it

Received To: Tammy Carter

I might tell you that yo

I love you, my Victor;

HYPERTEXT: digital resources and activities LOVE

11 Match the sentences in column A with what they express in column B.

15 APPLICATION TASK WRITING

16 Answer and discuss these questions in your group.

HYPERTEXT: digital resources and activities LOVE

Learning abilities BEFORE YOU LISTEN

Did you know that...

a. My lifes so brilliant / exciting .

AFTER YOU LISTEN

Patrick and Camille _____________________ _____________________ _____________________

HYPERTEXT: digital resources and activities LOVE

Rap music

Patrick and Camille ___________ _ ___________

(1) : colmillos, atades y estacas (2) : amor prohibido (*3) : indirectamente