Ejercicio 1.

5
Javier Cano

Curso 2015-2016

Ejercicio. Probar la expresi

on de la distancia cordal (z1 , z2 ) en terminos de las coordenadas z1 = x1 +iy1 , z2 =
x2 + iy2 p
(x1 x2 )2 + (y1 y2 )2
(z1 , z2 ) = p
(1 + x21 + y12 )(1 + x22 + y22 )
Soluci
on. Recordemos que las ecuaciones de la proyeccion estereografica son:
x y x2 + y 2
= , = , =
1 + x2 + y 2 1 + x2 + y 2 1 + x2 + y 2
Si z1 = x1 + iy1 y z2 = x2 + iy2 la distancia cordal entre z1 y z2 es
2 (z1 , z2 ) = (1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2
Desarrollemos uno a uno
 2
2 x1 x2
(1 2 ) =
1 + x21 + y12 1 + x22 + y22
x21 x22 2x1 x2
= +
(1 + x1 + y1 )2 (1 + x22 + y22 )2 (1 + x21 + y12 )(1 + x22 + y22 )
2 2
 2
y1 y2
(1 2 )2 =
1 + x21 + y12 1 + x22 + y22
y12 y22 2y1 y2
= +
(1 + x1 + y1 )2 (1 + x22 + y22 )2 (1 + x21 + y12 )(1 + x22 + y22 )
2 2
2
x21 + y12 x22 + y22

(1 2 )2 =
1 + x21 + y12 1 + x22 + y22
(x21 + y12 )2 (x22 + y22 )2 2(x21 + y12 )(x22 + y22 )2
= +
(1 + x21 + y12 )2 (1 + x22 + y22 )2 (1 + x21 + y12 )(1 + x22 + y22 )
Ahora agrupamos los terminos de cada uno de estos tres terminos
(1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2 =
(x21 + y12 ) + (x21 + y12 )2 (x22 + y22 ) + (x22 + y22 )2
= +
(1 + x21 + y12 )2 (1 + x22 + y22 )2
2 (x1 x2 + y1 y2 ) + (x21 + y12 )(x22 + y22 )



(1 + x21 + y12 )(1 + x22 + y22 )
Recordemos que nosotros queremos llegar a:
(x1 x2 )2 + (y1 y2 )2
2 (z1 , z2 ) =
(1 + x21 + y12 )(1 + x22 + y22 )
Sacando factor com
un
(1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2 =
(x21 + y12 )(1 + x21 + y12 ) (x22 + y22 )(1 + x22 + y22 )
= +
(1 + x21 + y12 )2 (1 + x22 + y22 )2
2 (x1 x2 + y1 y2 ) + (x21 + y12 )(x22 + y22 )



(1 + x21 + y12 )(1 + x22 + y22 )

1
Grado Matematicas UNED - Variable Compleja Ejercicios resueltos por Javier Cano

Simplificando y sumando las fracciones, tenemos

(1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2 =
(x21 + y12 )(1 + x22 + y22 ) (x22 + y22 )(1 + x21 + y12 )
= +
(1 + x21 + y12 )(1 + x22 + y22 ) (1 + x22 + y22 )(1 + x22 + y22 )
2 (x1 x2 + y1 y2 ) + (x21 + y12 )(x22 + y22 )



(1 + x21 + y12 )(1 + x22 + y22 )
(x21 + y12 ) + (x21 + y12 )(x22 + y22 ) + (x22 + y22 ) + (x22 + y22 )(x21 + y12 )
=
(1 + x21 + y12 )(1 + x22 + y22 )
2 (x1 x2 + y1 y2 ) + (x21 + y12 )(x22 + y22 )



(1 + x21 + y12 )(1 + x22 + y22 )
(x21 + x22 2x1 x2 ) + (y1 + y2 2y1 y2 )
=
(1 + x21 + y12 )(1 + x22 + y22 )
(x1 x2 )2 + (y1 y2 )2
=
(1 + x21 + y12 )(1 + x22 + y22 )