RCC.

1. Alarms ( HW alarms)
2.RTWP ( Uplink interference)...<-102 dbm ok, if its above its means there is jumper connector issue,
weather issue, external interference (co- Scrambling code). DL/UL frequency Issue, hardware issues
3. Packet loss----> Transmissions issue
4. Congestion : Power, transmission (Iub), Code, Channel Element
Power Congestion (Always on DL): Check value: is between 70 to 75: we can increase it value to 80 or
85 ,power reduction, shifting resources to lesser power. downtilt cell
Code Congestion(DL): Carrer=frequency=1073 , if Nodeb having CE congestion we keep adding CEM
boards amd make it to maximum 1024 and at time if CE congestion and code congestions appearing its
means our carrer is congested , we need to add 2nd carrier
RAB: same all above, new thing is . Missing neighbor interference

RSSI = RSCP + EcNo

Call Drop: Question : 2D Compress mode values for inside 3g clusters and boundary cells???

Inside Cell: RSCP=-115 dBm EcNo= 17 dBm ( we can place higher values as inside cluster)
Boundary Cell: RSCP= -110 0r -108 dbm, Ecno=14 ( Call ultimately will go on 2g that give earlier good
condition to avoids drops :

2G/3G Sites

Q2: How handover trigger

Intra Frequency ( Event 1) Inter-Frequency (Event 2) , Inter-IRAT (Event3)

Always handover trigger first Event1 than event 2 than Event3, Its doesn't matter
your 3g has second carrier or not. Event2 (2D) is gateway to trigger Irat-Handover.

Q3: interference, missing neighbor, pilot pollution also effect handover

Q4: What is difference between Load control and Admission control: Load control
work on connected modes calls where congestions appearing and admission
control work during accessing network (Starting)

Q5: How remove Channel Element congestion in small cluster without tuning
parameters (power reduction (Cpich power, traffic shifting (idle mode(qoffset1sn),
dedicated (Cell-load offset) and we do not have hardware availability for addition??

Ans: Traffic shift from PS384--> PS256 , PS128 etc , Load control parameter tuning,
Q6: Bandwidth of your network?? 1 Carrier is 5MHz
Q7: Power control??
Open loop for UE to access the network, i.e. used at call setup or initial access to set
UE transmit power.
Closed outer loop: RNC calculates the SIR target and sends the target to NodeB (every
10ms frame).
Closed inner loop: NodeB sends the TPC bits to UE to increase or decrease the power at
1,500 times a second.
Q8: Spreading Factors (UL,DL,Voice and data) and what are UL/DL Codes
it's an channelization:SF= DL=256,SF=UL=128
Q9: What actions can be done to improve throughput ??
1. HSDPA User per TTI (by defualt is value is 4, if we change its value to 3 its means
now we are sent 3 users which will increase throughput )
2. E-dch samrt user(HSUPA) from TTI(10ms) to TTI(2ms)
3. dual carrier addition /dual cell
4.Modulation schemeQSPK,16 QAM,64 QAM
5.MIMO,
Q10: What is TTI (Transmission Time Interval)
TTI is refer duration of transmission on radio link layer, different release are
TTI(2ms),TTI(10ms),TTI(20ms)
TTI (2ms) is latest release which has advantages such as, Fast link adaptation,
improve end to end user experience
Q11: What are feathers can be applied in UMTS
--- RRC Redirection ---
---Multi-RAB, user can use Voice call and data together

Q11: What is dedicated channel for HSDPA and R99

R99: DCH and HSDPA= HS-DSCH

Q12: what speech codec use in HSDPA.

AMR Full Rate for CS

Q13: SF of HSDPA, HSUPA??

HSDPA= SF=16 15 are used for HS-DSCH, remaining one is reserved for signaling
HSUPA=SF=4 3 are used for HS-DSCH, remaining one is reserved for signaling

Q14: Adoptive modulation and coding use in UMTS??

QPSK,16-QAM,64-QAM, its depends on user behavior, normally QSPK offer 1.8 Mbit/s
peak data rate , 16-QAM offer upto 3.6 Mbit/s peak data rate, above are used 64-
QAM.

Q17: Total NodeB and CPICH Power??

CPICH power typically takes about 10% of the total NodeB power. For a 20W (43dBm)
NodeB, CPICH is around 2W (33dBm).

Q18: What is paging success rate sufficient value?? Above 90 % is sufficient

Q19: Why RAB Success rate is lower than RCC Success rate?? Because RAB is impacted by congestion
(CEM, Power, Code, Iub Congestion)
Q20: How Many are UMTS Classes ?? Four ( Conversational, Streaming, Background ,Interactive)
streaming class: e.g. video where time relation between entities of stream are preserved
conversational class: time relation is preserved b/w entities with short delays.
Background class: destination is not expecting data, preserve pay load,
interactive class: where there request/response behavior

Q21: what is processing gain in UMTS??

Processing gain is the ratio of chip rate over data bit rate, usually represented in decibel (dB)
scale. For example, with 3.84MHz chip rate and 12.2k data rate, the processing gain is:
PG12.2k = 10 * log (3,840,000 / 12,200) = 25dB

Q22: What is Event 4a, Event 4b?? These are Trafic Volume report events
Event 4a: Transport Channel Traffic Volume becomes larger than an absolute threshold
Event 4b: Transport Channel Traffic Volume becomes smaller than an absolute threshold

Q23: What is cell breathing in UMTS??

The cell coverage shrinks as the loading increases, this is called cell breathing.
In the uplink, as more and more UE are served by a cell, each UE needs to transmit higher
power to compensate for the uplink noise rise. As a consequence, the UE with weaker link
(UE at greater distance) may not have enough power to reach the NodeB therefore a
coverage shrinkage.
In the downlink, the NodeB also needs to transmit higher power as more UE are being
served. As a consequence UE with weaker link (greater distance) may not be reachable by
the NodeB.
Q24: What is compress mode in UMTS??
Before UE can perform inter-frequency or IRAT handover, it needs to have some time to lock
on to the control channel of the other frequency or system and listen to the broadcast
information. Certain idle periods are created in radio frames for this purpose and is called
compressed mode.

Q25: What are RCC Transition states?? There are Four RCC States
Cell_DCH, Cell_FACH, Cell_PCH , URA_PCH

Huawei Questions:

-Basics Covered above

-What is RTWP?
The total level of noise within the UMTS frequency band of any cell. RTWP is related to uplink interference,
and its monitoring helps control the call drops - mainly CS.
In a network is not loaded, normal, acceptable RTWP Average value is generally around -104.5 and -105.5
dBm.Values around -95 dBm indicate that the cell has some uplink interferers.If the value is around -85 dBm,
the situation is ugly, with strong uplink interferers
If RTWP is not at acceptable levels, some actions should be taken. 1-The first thing to do is check if there is a
configuration issue with the RNC or NodeB. This is the most common case, especially in cases of new
activations.2-Once verified the parameter settings, the next step is the physical examination, especially
jumpers and cables, often partially reversed. It also should be checked if there is faulty transmitters, or any
other problem that could generate intermodulation between the NodeB and the antenna.3-If the parameter
settings and hardware are ok, the chance is very high that we have external interference, such as a Interferer
Repeater
- What are main UMTS Events??
Intra frequency Events
Reporting event 1A: A Primary CPICH enters the reporting range
Reporting event 1B: A primary CPICH leaves the reporting range
Reporting event 1C: A non-active primary CPICH becomes better than an active primary CPICH
Reporting event 1D: Change of best cell
Reporting event 1E: A Primary CPICH becomes better than an absolute threshold
Reporting event 1F: A Primary CPICH becomes worse than an absolute threshold
Reporting event 1J: A non-active E-DCH but active DCH primary CPICH becomes better than an active E-
DCH primary CPICH
Inter-frequency reporting events
Event 2a: Change of best frequency.
Event 2b: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below a certain threshold and the estimated
quality of a non-used frequency is above a certain threshold.
Event 2c: The estimated quality of a non-used frequency is above a certain threshold
Event 2d: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below a certain threshold
Event 2e: The estimated quality of a non-used frequency is below a certain threshold
Event 2 f: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is above a certain threshold
Inter-RAT reporting events
Event 3a: The estimated quality of the currently used UTRAN frequency is below a certain threshold and the
estimated quality of the other system is above a certain threshold.
Event 3b: The estimated quality of other system is below a certain threshold
Event 3c: The estimated quality of other system is above a certain threshold
Event 3d: Change of best cell in other system
Traffic Volume reporting triggers
Reporting event 4 A: Transport Channel Traffic Volume becomes larger than an absolute threshold
Reporting event 4 B: Transport Channel Traffic Volume becomes smaller than an absolute threshold
Quality reporting events
Reporting event 5A: A predefined number of bad CRCs is exceeded
UE internal measurement reporting events
Reporting event 6A: The UE Tx power becomes larger than an absolute threshold
Reporting event 6B: The UE Tx power becomes less than an absolute threshold
Reporting event 6C: The UE Tx power reaches its minimum value
Reporting event 6D: The UE Tx power reaches its maximum value
Reporting event 6E: The UE RSSI reaches the UE's dynamic receiver range

- 3G Swap process
After swap following thing should check
Sector swap , DT field team should inform and resolved cross sector , from KPIs, check cross sector
Handover attempts (IRAT, Soft Handover), check irat ho failures check Traffic shift trend,
Check RTWP.
Check RSSI Transmit and receive level difference (Path balance).
Check RRC Establishment success rate (normally its impacted HW issues).
Check RAB Establishment success rate (Normally its impacted due to Congestion (Power, code,
CEM, Iub).
Check Cell CS traffic trend before after.
Check Soft Handover success rate.
Check IRAT HO success rate.
Check all 2G,3G NBR definition.
Check Cell through put.
- Trails/Feathers applied
URA-PCH:
 In URA-PCH Stat, cell updated has be send only at URA level (Ura consist on
multiple cells, URA mapped with GSM LAC\RAC), this will reduce a lot signal load . In
Cell-PCH state every time cell change location it has to send cell update. This more
impact fast moving traffic. Below are observations
Lower Number PS Paging request, Lower number of PS RRC Connect
establishment, Lower number of RAB establishment request,
Edch Smart User:
Multi-RAB:
Multi-RAB means its can carry both CS+PS traffic, if there is single RAB its
can carry only CS or PS traffic.
There are two type of RAB( Radio access barrier ) SRB (Signalling Radio
Bearer), TRB (Traffic Radio Bearer).

Fast Dormancy:
Actually, it's about two things: The UMTS air interface knows several activity states that are known as
Cell-DCH, Cell-FACH, Cell/URA-PCH and Idle. When transferring data, the mobile is usually in Cell-DCH
state and uses high speed channels to transmit and receive data (HSDPA, HSUPA). That's great but even
if no data is sent and received, e.g. while the user reads a web page, it still requires a lot of energy on the
mobile device's side to keep the connection going. On the network side, it's also a waste of resources to
leave a mobile in Cell-DCH state when it is not transmitting data as there are only so many mobiles that
can be assigned a high speed channel at a time. So both sides have an interest to move a connection to
another state while it is not needed. In most networks today, a connection is moved to Cell-FACH state,
which requires less energy and supports more users. Here, however, data throughput is very low and the
amount of energy required on the mobile's side is still significant. Consequently, if there is an even longer
inactivity time, e.g. 30 seconds, the network then puts the connection in Idle state in which the physical
connection is removed while the IP address is kept.

From the mobile device side this behavior can be very inefficient as a lot of energy is wasted before the
Idle state is reached, especially when only background applications such as e-mail clients and instant
messengers every now and then contact a server to remain reachable. As a consequence a number of of
manufacturers have come up with a scheme that is referred to as Fast Dormancy. As described in this
document, a mobile uses a "Signaling Channel Release Indication" message to trigger a release of the air
interface connection when it thinks it is no longer necessary. So instead of waiting for the connection to be
put into Cell-FACH and finally into idle, it can trigger a release to idle immediately. This significantly
increases battery lifetime and if it is done in a reasonable way.

System Information Block

WCDMA SIB(System Information Block) types. SIB messages in UMTS include

MIB,Scheduling block1,Scheduling

block2,SIB1,SIB2,SIB3,SIB4,SIB5,SIB6,SIB7,SIB8,SIB9,SIB10,SIB11,SIB12,SIB13,SIB13.4,SIB14

,SIB15,SIB15.4,SIB16,SIB17 and SIB18.

MIB which stands for Mian Index for System Information carry scheduling information on

SIBs, Scheduling block1 and Scheduling block2. Both scheduling blocks are optional and will

also be used for SIBs.

System
information block
in UMTS type Function(Information carried)

NAS information,timer related information mainly used in IDLE/CONNECTED

SIB1 Mode

SIB2 available URAs(max. 8 URAs in a cell)

cell selection/reselection parameters used by UE in IDLE mode, if SIB4 is

SIB3 not present then it can also be used by UEs(in CONNECTED MODE).

cell selection/reselection parameters used by UE in CONNECTED mode,if

SIB4 not present SIB3 to be used by UE

Carry info. on common physical channels(PICH/AICH/P-

CCPCH/PRACH/SCCPCH) for UE(in IDLE mode), in the absence of SIB6 it is
SIB5 also used for UE in CONNECTED state.

Carry info. on common physical channels(PICH/AICH/P-

CCPCH/PRACH/SCCPCH) for UE(in CONNECTED mode), in the absence of
SIB6 SIB6, UE need to use SIB5

carry fast changing cell parameter informations(uplink interference

SIB7 levels,dynamic persistence value)

SIB8 carry static information for CPCH (only for FDD use)

SIB9 carry dynamic information for CPCH (only for FDD use)

SIB10 DRAC procedure related information(sent over FACH channel)

 carry measurement control information(UE in IDLE mode), If SIB12 is
SIB11 absent it is also used for UE in CONNECTED mode.

carry measurement control information(UE in CONNECTED mode), If SIB12

SIB12 is absent, SIB11 can be used by UE

carry ANSI-41 parameter related informations used for ANSI-41 core

SIB13-SIB13.4 networks.

carry outer loop power control information(TDD mode use only),used over
SIB14 dedicated and common physical channels.

SIB15-SIB15.4 carry information used for UE positioning methods(e.g. GPS/OTDOA)

SIB16 carry information related to channel configuration used for handover

carry information on shared common channels(to be used in CONNECTED

SIB17 mode,TDD use)

carry PLMN identities of neighbouring cells(used by UE in IDLE/CONNECTED

SIB18 MODE)