Lesson 4:

Network Operations

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Objectives

 At the end of this session, you will be able to:

 Enumerate the functions of a Network Operating
System (NOS).
 Identify the components of a network operating
system.
 Identify the elements of client software.
 Identify the elements of server software.
 Understand the functioning of network services.
 Familiarize with the printing procedure on the
network.

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Objectives (contd.)

 Develop a solution for interoperability in a multi-

vendor environment.
 Differentiate between centralized computing and
client/server computing.

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Network Operating System

 Has all the features of a stand-alone operating

system
 Offers a lot of facilities in a complex
environment
Is responsible for:
 Directing data traffic through the network
 Allowing and preventing access to data
 Preventing access to data files while they are
being processed
 Managing the flow of information between a
variety of workstations
Managing requests for printer services
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Network Operating System
(contd.)

 Managing communication and messages

between network user
 Managing connections between the network and
remote sites
 Has the following components:
Client software
 is the network software that is installed on the
clients
Server software
 is the network software that is installed on the
servers
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Redirector
 Is a component of the client software
 Is also referred to as a shell or a requester
 Is a small part of the network system that:
 Intercepts requests in the computer
 Determines if:
 the local computer can service the requests
 the request needs to be forwarded to another
server

Designator
 Makes it unnecessary for the users to know
about the actual location of data
 Sends requests to computers or peripherals

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Windows 2000 domain controller ties the network together

Windows 2000
domain controller

Windows 2000 Professional

File and
print server

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Server Software
 Allows users on the other machines to share
the server’s data and peripherals including:
Shared directories
Printers
Plotters
Disks
 Determines the degree of sharing which
include:
 Allowing different users different levels of
access to the resources
 Coordinating access to the resources to make
sure that two users do not use the same
resource
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Server Software (contd.)

 Assists the network administrator to determine

who will be able to use the network
Can be used to:
 Create user privileges
 Validate user names and passwords at the time
of logging on
 Grant or revoke user privileges on the network
 Add or remove users

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Windows Installation

 Installation requires the, following parameters to

be followed:
 Hardware compatibility
 Server naming information
 Hard disk partitioning
 Network adapter card settings
 TCP/IP installation information

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Hardware Compatibility
List

 Is the list of hardware components that have

been tested for compatibility with the OS

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Windows 2000 Installation
 Requires the user to provide the name of the
network segment
 Program prompts the user to specify the
server name
Requires the user to:
 Specify the network adapter card
 Provide the drivers for the card
 Specify the protocol used by the computer
 Provide information such as:
IRQ
port addressing
memory addressing
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Domain

 Is a logical grouping of computers to simplify

administration
 Users log on to a central computer called the
domain controller

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Partitioning

 Is the process of dividing the hard disk into

partitions

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TCP/IP

 Is the default protocol for a Windows 2000

Server installation
 Installation requires the user to provide
information like:
 IP address
 Subnet mask
 Default gateway
 2000 Server configuration

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IP Address

Is divided into a:
 Network ID
 Host ID
Has a network ID that:
 Identifies all hosts on the same physical
network
Has a host ID that:
 Identifies a specific host on a network

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Subnet Mask and Default
Gateway
 Subnet Mask
 Distinguishes the network ID portion from the
host ID portion

 Default Gateway
 Is the peripheral to which Internet protocol
sends packets
 That are destined for remote machines

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Server Configuration

 TCP/IP settings:
 Can be specified to configure the server
belonging to a large network that uses:
 TCP/IP
 DHCP protocols
 Indicate that the server must query a central
server for the settings

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Network Services

 Are a group of application programs that are

required by the NOS to run the network
 Installed by default are:
 Alerter services
 that notify administrators of various alerts
 Event log services that record in the event log
system events
security events
program events

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Network Services (contd.)

 Messenger services that manage messages sent

by the::
 administrator
 alerter services

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Network Printer

 Sends the data to be printed to the print server

 Where it is stored in a print spooler
 Receives the data from the print server
 Enables printing which involves:
 Redirection of the print job from the local printer
port to the network cable with the aid of the
redirector
 Retrieval of the print job by the print server
 Sending the job to the print queue with other
items
 Can be used by users who have the permission
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Data to be printed goes first to the printer server

Printer
Workstation

Print
Server

RDR
Redirector

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Multi-Vendor Environment

 Is created when clients on a network have

various operating systems
 Can have interoperability at
 Either server end
 Or client end

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Windows NT Server supporting clients from multiple vendors

Windows 2000
Server

Windows NT Apple
Novell Macintosh
NetWare

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The Client Solution

 Requires different redirectors to be implemented

 Which enable different computers to
communicate with different types of servers

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Windows NT Workstation using multiple redirectors

Novell Windows NT
server Windows NT
Server
Workstation

RDR RDR

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The Server Solution

 Requires the installation of a service on the

server
 Which enables communication in a multi-vendor
environment

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 Netware
 With Windows 2000 Professoinal-based clients
requires:
NWLINK
 which is the Microsoft implementation of the IPX/SPX
protocol
 Client Service for NetWare (CSNW)
 which is Microsoft implementation of a Netware
requester
 With Windows 2000 Server requires:
NWLink
 Gateway Services for NetWare (GSNV)
 With Windows 95-based client requires:
 IPX/IP
 Microsoft client for NetWare networks
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 Client/Server Networking
Model

 Has powerful computers as clients instead of

dumb terminals
 With clients and servers can be either:
 Centralized computing-based
 Or Client/Server-based
 Data storage warehouse server off-loads data to
other servers

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Centralized Computing

 Has a central computer that executes a program

 Permits remote terminal to merely display the
data
 Sends data back to the central computer

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Client/Server Computing

 Model involves the sharing of work between the

 Client
 Server
 Architecture is an efficient way to provide:
 Database access
 Database management
 Centralized file storage

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A simple client/server network

Clients

Server

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The client is the front end and the server is the back end

Server

Back end
Client

Front end
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Data can be localized on one server or distributed over several
servers
Single Server Client/Server Configuration

Server

Servers
Clients

Distributed Server
Client/Server Configuration Clients

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