Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Some cells have special jobs to do. They often have special shapes to help them to
do their job. We say that these cells are adapted to their to their jobs
A group of the same type of cells, all working together is called a tissue. Muscle cells
help us to move
This cell is adapted to remove dirt from peoples lungs because the hair traps the dirt
particles and moves it away from the lungs
The male and female sex cells have different shapes to help them do their jobs. They
are said to be adapted to their jobs
A sperm cell has a tail to help it swim
An egg cell has a food store
Both egg cell and sperm cell contains half the information to start a new life.
A sperm cell has a special chemical on the tip of its head to help it get into things.
A sperm cell has only a little cytoplasm so that it can have a thin streamline shape.
A sperm cell is 0.043 millimeters long. Its head is 0.003 millimeters wide. An egg cell
is 0.07 millimeters wide
The heart and all of the blood vessels make up the circularity system.
Other examples of systems
- Urinary system
- Immune system
- Respiratory system
- Nervous system
- Reproductive system
1. Appearance
of chick embryo, alimentary tract, vertebral
column, nervous system, head, eye
2. Beginning of heart, ear and heart beats
3. Beginning of nose, legs and wings
4. Beginning of tongue
5. Formation of reproduction organs and differentiation of sex
6. Beginning of beak
8. Beginning of feathers
10. Beak starts to firm
13. Appearance of scales and claws
14. Embryo moves into position suitable for breaking shell
16. Scales, claws and become firm and horny
17. Beak turns towards air cell
19. Yolk sac begins to enter body cavity
20. Yolk sac drawn into body cavity. Embryo occupies most space in egg wall except air
cell
21. Chick hatches
Puberty
Sperm cells are made in the testes. The tubes that sperm cells travel down on their
way out of the body are called the urethra and the sperm duct. The foreskin protects
the head of the penis. Glands add special liquids to the sperm cells to make semen
he
egg
cells
are
relea
sed
from
the
ovari
es. Egg cells travel down the oviducts on their way to the uterus. When a woman is
pregnant the cervix helps to hold he baby in place. A baby develops in the uterus.
An egg cell is released from an ovary once a month.
Cervix holds the baby in place.
The name given for the mixture of sperm cells and fluids are called semen.
Sperm cells pass through a sperm duct, and a urethra on their way out of the body
Sperm cells are made are made in a part of the body that hangs outside, this is
because you need to keep the sperm to develop at a cooler temperature.
MUSCLES QUESTIONS
1. How many bones are there in the human skeleton?
Over 500, up to 100, over 200
2. Fill in below the mineral found in milk that bones contain: calcium
3. Name one reason why bones are hollow like a tube. Lightweight so it is easier to
move and it is stronger.
4. What holds bones in place and stops the skeleton collapsing? Muscles holds our
bones in position
5. How many muscles are there in the body?(tick the correct answer) Less than 100
,over 650 ,over 1000
6. What attaches muscles to bones? Tendons
7. What does a muscle have to do to make a part of the body move? By contracting
and relaxing.
8. Name the two muscles found in the upper arm. Biceps and triceps.
9. Complete the following sentence circling the right answer. Muscles work alone/in
pairs/in threes.
10. Name a sport where all muscles are worked very hard. Athletics/gymnastics.
Embryo
Fertilised egg
cell
Fertilisation
occurs here
Implantation
Sperm cell
Sperm cells start swimming when the got to the oviduct.
Sperm cells swim about 1mm every minute.
The fertilized egg cell turns into an embryo by cell division. The fertilized egg cell
divides into two new cells. These two new cells divide into two more cells each
The implantation is when the embryo fixes itself on the wall of the womb.
Identical twins happen when a fertilized egg cell divides in two, but the two cells split
apart
Identical twins wont always be different sexes
Non identical twins happen when two egg cells are fertilized
Non identical twins can be the same sex or different sexes
Identical twins don't happen when two eggs are fertilized
Non identical twins don't happen when egg cells turn into embryos on their own.
PART FUNCTION
Placenta Transfers the nutrients and the oxygen to the baby. Where the
blood of the mother and the baby meet
Umbilical To bring the nutrients and the oxygen into the baby
cord
Uterus The baby develops
Cervix Holds the baby in place
Fluid To keep the baby safe and not be damaged
filled sac
The fertilized egg cell grows and divides to form an embryo. It grows inside the
mothers uterus. The mothers blood stream and the babys bloodstream are
separate, but food and oxygen can be transferred to he baby via the placenta. The
connection between the placenta and the baby is called the umbilical cord.
Learning Objectives Unit 1 Lab Rules
Scientific investigations/experiments,
there are factors that van vary and these
factors are called VARIABLES.
You should be able to You should be able to You should be able You should be able to
identify to undertake an
different pieces choose the take investigation
of apparatus correct measurement safely and
apparatus for s with accurately
Lab Skills
You should be able to You should be able to You should be able You should be able to
make some to draw a line of best
measurements repeat your produce a fit
write your readings and graph to use the graph to
measurements accurately show the make
in a table, with calculate a findings of predictions/estima
a title and units mean value your tes
in the table draw a table in experiment.
headings. pencil, with a produce a
title and with graph in
units in the concordance
table headings with How
your graphs
Results
will be
marked
guidelines
You should be able to You should be able to You should be able You should be able to
say what you to produce a detailed
saw happen use some explain what write up following
give a short science to you have the set up for
explanation of explain what found out in a Conclusion;
what you have you have way that Observations,
found out found out shows that Trends and
use scientific you fully Scientific Reason
words to understand
explain the science
Conclusion
patterns/trend involved
s that you
discovered
You should be able to You should be able to You should be able You should be able to
say how you to produce a detailed
experiment suggest a explain why write up following
could be made number of your the set up for
better improvements improvement Evaluation; what
Evaluation
Highly flammable
Oxidising
Toxic
Harmful
May course asthma
symptoms or difficulty
breathing problems if
inhaled
Corrosive
Irritant
Cross sections are below- remember to put these in you diagrams instead of
the real shape
NOT IN 3D!!!!
When you are drawing a diagram use pencil then label it in pen.
Draw neatly because you will be marked on the neatness as well
Cross sections are like cutting something in half, always be simple.
Definitions of accuracy
In your experiments, you need to consider the accuracy of your measuring
instrument.
It will give a result nearer to the true value.
For example:
An expensive thermometer is likely to be more accurate than a cheap one.
It is likely to be more sensitive so it will respond to smaller changes in
temperature.
Definition of precision
Precise results show consistent readings. The precision of an instrument is
the scale of its measurements.
In a Bunsen burner a gas called methane (which consists of carbon and
hydrogen) is burned in oxygen (which forms about 21% of the air).
How you graphs will be marked-
1. Axes drawn in pencil and ruler
2. Labels on the axes and correct way round
3. Both labels have units on them (not on each number)
4. Labels and the scale written in pen
5. Sensible scale using up most/all of the paper
6. Points marked as x in pencil
7. A best fit line drawn
1. Straight line drawn with ruler
2. Curved line free hand.
8. All points plotted correctly
9. A sensible title
10. The general appearance of your graph
Conclusion-
The eye-
State what you see/ have observed
The arrow-
Are variables increasing decreasing? It is a linear relationship.
The question-
What is the scientific reason behind your results?
Definition Word
From a solid into a liquid Melt
The substance that dissolves in a liquid Solute
to form a solution
A liquid is when the particles are Liquid
touching but not that tightly packed
together like a solid
Filter paper is a very thin paper where Filter paper
only the finest substances can get
through.
From a liquid into a gas. This is because Evaporate
the heat of the sun on the particles of a
liquid makes them get more energy and
move around more freely to make a gas
An evaporating basin is a kind of bowl Evaporating basin
which you put a solution in, then the
solvent will evaporate and then you are
left with the solute
A change directly from the solid to the Sublimation
gaseous state without becoming liquid
A solution is the mixture formed when Solution
the solute has dissolved the solvent
Insoluble describes a substance that will Insoluble
not dissolve
A filter funnel is used to filter one solute Filter funnel
from a solution
Condensation is when a gas turns into a Condensation
liquid. This is because when the gas is so
high up in the sky and is so cold the
energy starts to decrees turning it into
water, then the water comes down as
rain then the cycle starts all over again.
A solid is when the particles is very Solid
tightly packed together
To solidify or to freeze is to have a liquid Solidify/freeze
turned into a solid. This is because when
the liquid is so cold more energy starts
to decrees leaving the particles very
tightly packed together
In chemistry, residue is the material Residue
remaining after distillation, evaporation,
or filtration
To filter is to separate to substances Filter
normally a solute from a solution.
Boiling is to turn a liquid into a gas. This Boiling
is because the liquid gets so hot that the
heat gives energy to the particles, so the
particles move much more, the particles
break apart to make gas
Crystallisation is a method used to Crystallisation
separate a solution, which is made out of
a solid that has dissolved in a liquid. The
solution is heated, this is to evaporate
the solvent, and this leaves a saturated
solution. Then you cool the saturated
solution down. Some of the solute that
cannot dissolve any more grow out of
the solution and will turn into crystals.
The faster it cools the smaller the
crystals but the more of them, the
slower it cools the bigger the crystals but
there are less of them
Dissolving is when you put a solute in a Dissolve
solvent and the solute mixes in with the
solvent, this is called a solution. It has to
be transparent
A solvent is the liquid in which the solute Solvent
dissolves in
When the solvent is too tightly packed Saturated
with the solute particles no more can get
in
Re product of filtration; a gas or liquid Filtrate
that has been passed through a filter
Remove by passing through a filter;
"filter out the impurities.
Fluid that has passed through a filter
Gas is when the particles of something Gas
are very spaced out
Clear and transparent is see through. All Clear/transparent
solutions are transparent. Transparent
objects don't always have to have no
colour. Things can still be transparent
with some colour in it as well
Soluble is a substance that will dissolve Soluble
different solutes