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energy are other advantages to be derived from use 2. Available for Tractors drive.
of improved machinery for such operations. A 3. No Arrangement for depth control.
traditional method of seed sowing has many 4. No Arrangement for seed bedpreparation.
disadvantages. This paper is about the different 5. Improper compaction of soil overfurrows.
types of methods of seed sowing and fertilizer 6. Adjustment of row spacing is improper.
placement in the soil and developing a 7. The cost of machine is more.
multifunctional seed sowing machine which can
perform simultaneous operations. a- row sowing; b- dibbling; c- narrow row
The agricultural has always been the sowing; d- wide row sowing; e- strip
backbone of Indias sustained growth. As the sowing; f- single grain
population of India continues to grow, the demand
Objective
for produce grows as well. Hence, there is a greater
need for multiple cropping in the farms and this in
turn requires efficient and time saving machines. To achieve proper distance in two
The paper discusses different types of seed sowing seed in seeding mechanism for
machine which will be helpful for the agriculture proper nutrition and growth of
industry to move towards mechanization. plants.
To make this machine which operate
manually for small farmer
To provide this machine in lowest
cost and light in weight.
Traditional Sowing Methods: To adjust proper depth in variable
Traditional methods include broadcasting soil in any whether condition
manually, opening furrows by a country plough and
Methodology
dropping seeds by hand and dropping seeds in the
To make agriculture project we follow this steps
furrow through a bamboo/metal funnel attached to a
country plough. For sowing in small areas dibbling The first step is to go to the farmers and find
i.e., making holes or slits by a stick or tool and the problems faced by them.
dropping seeds by hand, is practiced. Multi row The second step is to choose a problem.
traditional seeding devices with manual metering of
seeds are quite popular with experienced farmers. In
The third step is to visit to agriculture
manual seeding, it is not possible to achieve
industry.
uniformity in distribution of seeds. A farmer may
The fourth step is toAnalyze the problem&
sow at desired seed rate but inter-row and intra-row
their solution.
distribution of seeds is likely to be uneven resulting
The fifth step is the selection of Design of
in bunching and gaps in field.
gear for proper seed distance.
The following are the limitations of Existing The sixth step is to find which mechanism is
Machine:-
to suitable in lowest cost.
1. The Weight of the Machine is more.
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Nagpur-440019
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International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering, Science & Technology
Volume-1, Issue-1, March, 2016
The seventh step is to find all components gate for different sizes of grains. The feed roller and
we require in proper dimension. the feed cut-off device are mounted a shaft, running
The eight stepsare to start fabrication. through the feed cups. The roller carries grooves
The ninth step is to make proper balance throughout its periphery. It rotates with the axle
sheet of work done. over which it is mounted throws the grains out on
The last step is the testing of machine. the adjustable gate from where it falls into the seed
tube. The fluted rollers which are mounted at the
Working Principle Seed Cum Fertilizer bottom of the seed box, receive seeds into
longitudinal grooves and pass on to the seed tube
Drill
through the holes provided for this purpose. By
Seed drills, fitted with fertilizer dropping
shifting the fluted wheel side ways, the length of the
attachment, distribute the fertilizer uniformly on the
grooves exposed to the seed can be increased or
ground. It is called seed cum fertilizer drill. Such a
decreased and hence the amount of seed is
drill has a large seed box which is dividend
controlled.
lengthwise into two compartments, one for seed and
another for fertilizers. Seed drill may be classified
as (i) Bullock drawn (ii) Tractor drawn. Design Of Seed Metering Mechanism
SEED METERING MECHANISM In this project we used two gear having teeth,
The mechanism of a seed drill or fertilizer
t1 = 12 teeth,t2= 18 teeth
distributor which delivers seeds or fertilizers from
the hopper at selected rates is called seed metering and the wheel having diameter = 20 cm
mechanism. Seed metering mechanism may be of
several types: Circumference of circle of ground wheel = 2R
(a) Fluted feed type
(b) Internal double run type = 2R
(c) Cup feed type
(d) Cell feed mechanism = 220
(e) Brush feed mechanism
= 125.66
(f) Auger feed mechanism
(g) Picker wheel mechanism = 126 cm
(h) Star wheel mechanism.
There are two types of seeding
Fluted feed type- 1) Continuous Seeding.
It is a seed metering device with adjustable
fluted roller to collect and deliver the seeds into the 2) Discontinuous Seeding.
seed tube. Fluted feed type mechanism consists of a
fluted wheel, feed roller, feed cut-off and adjustable 1) ContinuousSeeding:
Address: Priyadarshini Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hingna Road, Near CRPF Campus, Digdoh Hills,
Nagpur-440019
Website: www.ijnrest.com Email-Id: info@ijnrest.com, editor@ijnrest.com
International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering, Science & Technology
Volume-1, Issue-1, March, 2016
It used for seeds like soya been, maze etc. Table.4.1.1 Continuous type seeding distance for
2/3
Design of continuous type seed metering
mechanism, we have used two types of gear i.e. Sr Rotor Position Distance (mm)
No.
t1 is driven gear & t2 driver gear 1 7 40
2 9 30
3 10 20
The gear ratio = =
4 All 10
Driven gear make three rotation for every two 2) For gear t2 is driver gear & t1 is driver gear.
rotation of driving gear.
Driven gear connected with seed metering For each rotation distance
mechanism andhaving 12 slots for contain seed. Driving gear 3 = 42 cm. .(3)
Address: Priyadarshini Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hingna Road, Near CRPF Campus, Digdoh Hills,
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International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering, Science & Technology
Volume-1, Issue-1, March, 2016
1-2 seed distance is 5.25 cm. Sr no. Seed rotor Distance (inch)
position
1 7 18
For above reading calculation from table for each
2 9 13
variation given below 3 10 9
Table 4.1.2 Continuous seeding distance for gear 4 All 7 (not fixed)
ratio.3/2
h1 = height if shank from its tip to the bent portion We know that
D = draft force, kgf The section modules axis was computed by using
formula
Take k0=3 time higher as a factor of safety
d = depth of opener, cm
For M.S rectangular section
Take W = 2.5 cm available in the market
= 1000 kg/cm2
d = 5 cm
Z = 843/1000
= 3*0.25*2.5*3
Z = 0.843 cm3
= 9.37
Assume ratio of thickness to width of line
Take factor of safety 3
b:h = 1:2
D = 3*9.37
b = 15 cm mm
= 28.11
Take thickness = 16 mm
Maximum bending moment for a cantilever length
of 30 cm length Availability of standard size width= 16*2 = 32 mm
Bending moment (M) = draft (kgf)* length of shank This section would yield a maximum fluctuation
M = 28.11*30 Ymax =
=843 kgf cm
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International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering, Science & Technology
Volume-1, Issue-1, March, 2016
=
In these way we have find the effective length of
= 1365.3 mm 4 leaver also angle of inclination of leaver from which
we find bending stress momentum
Y= = 4.1 mm Momentum = Effort * 1erdist
= 400*68 = 2200cm.
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International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering, Science & Technology
Volume-1, Issue-1, March, 2016
Tan = = 10 x 9.81=981N
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International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering, Science & Technology
Volume-1, Issue-1, March, 2016
Now, we know that, the maximum bending stress restitution for plastic material is lower than that of a
mild steel sheet of the same thickness. The plastic
developed is given by ( ),
material will go a long way in minimizing seed
bouncing, thereby protecting the seeds from damage
due to impact.
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International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering, Science & Technology
Volume-1, Issue-1, March, 2016
placed at the bottom of the hopper also rotates, Table 4.2.1 Discontinuous type seeding for gear
thereby releasing two or three seeds depending ratio 2/3
upon the size of the cells or the size of the seeds. Sr. no. Seed rotor position Distance (inch)
TESTING 1 7 18
2 9 13
Testing of seed sowing machine for 3 10 9
continuous type for multiple type crops like 4 All 7 (not fixed)
soyabeen, maze, etc
For proper distance for maximum distance we
Seed name Diameter(mm) change gear ratio 3/2
Arugula 2.5 After this changing gear give following data
Beet 7.5 are given bellow in table
Broccoli 3.5
Table 4.2.2 Discontinuous seeding distance for gear
Cabbage 3.5
Carrot 3.5 ratio 3/2
Cauliflower 3.5
Sr. no. Seed Rotor Position Distance (inch)
Corn 13.5
Cucumber 9 1 7 42
Lettuce 6 2 9 32
Okra 7.5 3 10 22
Onion 6 4 All 14-20 (not fixed)
Pea 10
Radish 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Sun flower 2.5
Discussion:
Following results are given in below table.
Table.:Continuous type seeding distance for 2/3 This manual seed planter machine has considerable
potential to greatly increase productivity. Other
Sr. No. Rotor Position Distance (mm) countries of the world where the two wheel tractor
1 7 40 is the main traction unit in farming. The main task
2 9 30 now is to promote this technology and have
3 10 20 available to farmers at an affordable price. The
4 All 10
manual Seed Planter machine can be readily made
For maximum distance between seeding to from local components in workshops. The only
specialized items required are the seed meters
change gear ratio.
Testing For discontinuous seeding like plunger which can be sourced at an inexpensive
price from local promoter and plunger is easily
cotton seed.
Following table are given by data manufactured. By using of this machine,
achievement of flexibility of distance and depth
variation for different seed plantation is possible.
Address: Priyadarshini Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hingna Road, Near CRPF Campus, Digdoh Hills,
Nagpur-440019
Website: www.ijnrest.com Email-Id: info@ijnrest.com, editor@ijnrest.com
International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering, Science & Technology
Volume-1, Issue-1, March, 2016
Address: Priyadarshini Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hingna Road, Near CRPF Campus, Digdoh Hills,
Nagpur-440019
Website: www.ijnrest.com Email-Id: info@ijnrest.com, editor@ijnrest.com
International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering, Science & Technology
Volume-1, Issue-1, March, 2016
The maintenance cost of this equipment is 7). Gupta, O.P. Chandra, S.D. and Mittal, J.P. (1992)
very less asthere are no delicate parts Energy and labour inputs under different Tillage
involved. and weed control combination for maize and wheat
By using this machine we get high accuracy production in India Journal of Rural Energy 1(1):
in seeding . 11-25
This machine used in any type of soil. 7) Hussain, M.A. (1988) Power requirement of
In this machine we can varying depth of different cropping system in Bangladesh A.M.A.
seed plantation for proper nutrients. 19(3): 15-19.
Proper skill not required for operating this 8). xi Kumar, P. S. Prasanna and Hugar L. B.
machine and easy to transferred. ( 2011) Economic analysis of energy use in paddy
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1) J. E. Iken& N. Amusa, Maize research & 9). Mishra, T.N. (1986) Energy analysis of major
production in Nigeria, African Journal of crops of Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh
Biotechnology, Vol. 3(6), 2004, PP.302367. UnpublishPh.D.Thesis G.B. Pant University of
2) B. Mursec et al, Testing of Quality of Pneumatic Agricultural and Technology Pantnagar.
See Sowing Machine, Journal of achievement in
materials and manufacturing engineering, volume26
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Effect of Vermicompost on Nutrient Uptake and
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4)Adisa A F, Braide F. G, Design And
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Transnational Journal of Science and Technology
August 2012 edition vol. 2, No.7
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6) Dhawan, K.C. and Mittal, J.P.(1994) Role of
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India Economic Affairs, Calcutta 39(2): 92-99
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