Technical Seminar on Accreditation -

Delivering Confidence in the Provision of Energy

Organized by
Sri Lanka Accreditation Board for Conformity Assessment &
Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority

Global Importance of Sustainable

Energy and Sri Lankan Context

Thusitha Sugathapala
Director General
Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority
Ministry of Environment & Renewable Energy
09th June 2014
 OVERVIEW
The Facts
Development, Energy and Environment
Solutions for Sustainability
Energy Stock
Renewable Energies
RE Technologies
Cost of REs
National Energy Scenario
Features of Energy Sector
Energy Intensity in Economy
Renewable Energy Resources
 FACTS
Development and Energy
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
 FACTS
Energy and Fossil Fuel
Global Primary Energy Supply by Source (in EJ)

Other

Nuclear
Hydro Electricity

Natural Gas
Fossils
81%
Oil

Coal

Biomass

Fossil Fuel Era

 FACTS
Role of Renewable Energy
Global Primary Energy Supply by Source in 2010
 FACTS
Role of Renewable Energy
Global Electricity Production in 2012
 FACTS
Extraction and Consumption of Resources
Material Extraction GDP
Billion tons Trillion International Dollars

GDP

Ores and
Industrial
Minerals
Fossil Energy
Carriers

Construction
Minerals

Biomass

Depletion of Natural Resources

 FACTS
Extraction and Consumption of Resources
Eg: Oil

The Energy Crisis !

 FACTS
Extraction and Consumption of Resources
Fossil Fuel Reserve to Production Ratios

The Energy Crisis !

 FACTS
Energy Efficiency
q Eg: Lighting

q Water Pumping
 FACTS
Energy Efficiency
q Eg: Transport

Standby/
15% Idle 2% Accessories

100% 20% 14%

6%
63%

Driveline Losses
Engine Losses
 FACTS
Energy Efficiency
Comfort
 FACTS
Development and Food Consumption
USA

Brazil

China
UK

India

GNI / Capita / Year

More Meat More Energy + More Water + More Land

 FACTS
Cost of Living
Arithmetic average of prices in four commodity sub-
indices (food, non-food agro items, metals, and energy)
 FACTS
Carrying Capacity of Biosphere (Overloading!)
Effects on natural cycles (Sustainability!)

The Environment Crisis !

 FACTS
Climate Change and GHG Emissions
q Drivers of CC is anthropogenic substances and processes
that alter the Earths energy budget
q Main substances affecting the Earths energy budget is
GHGs
q GHG emissions continue accelerate despite reduction
efforts - due to fossil fuel combustion industrial processes
q The current trajectory of global annual and cumulative
emissions of GHGs is inconsistent with widely discussed
goals of limiting global warming at 1.5 to 2 C above the
pre-industrial level
q Main drivers of GHG emissions are growth in economic
output and population, outpacing emission reductions
from improvements in energy intensity
q Future development pathways and energy sector will
be shaped by climate change than resource depletion.
 MAJOR FINDINGS
Main drivers of GHG emissions are growth in
economic output and population.
Source: IPCC AR5, 2014
Increased use of coal
relative to many other
energy sources has
reversed a long
standing pattern of
gradual de-
carbonization of the
worlds energy supply
Growth in Economic
output is the major
driver of GHG
emissions
The decline of energy
intensity of economic
output has had an
offsetting effect on
global emissions
arisen from growth in
population
 SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Drivers
Socio Economic Development
Energy Security
Environment Sustainability
The Solutions Environment
Sustainability
Energy
A Security

Sustainable
Energy
B C

(A) Developing Renewable Energy

Socio-Economic
(B) Improving Energy Efficiency Development
(C) Rational Use of Energy
 SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Energy Industry - The Targets
Energy demand
World primary energy demand by scenario
 SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Energy Industry - The Targets
Technology options for mitigation of GHG emissions
World energy-related CO2 emissions abatement in the
450 Scenario relative to the New Policies Scenario

Role of RE and EE
 SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Buildings
Evolution of energy intensity for materials

Source: The Energy Report 100% Renewable Energy By 2050, WWF

 SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Buildings
Evolution of energy intensity in the buildings sector

Source: The Energy Report 100% Renewable Energy By 2050, WWF

 SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Buildings: Main Areas of Challenges
Refurbishment to
Relationship between
Transform Existing
Buildings into EEB user and energy
Systems and Geoclustering
equipment for energy Value chain and SMEs
use for existing focus
buildings Knowledge transfer
Envelope Business models,
Solutions for cultural organizational and
heritage financial models
Systemic approach for (including ESCOs)
existing buildings
Technological
Aspects
ENERGY EFFICIENT
DISTRICT/COMMUNITIES
Cross-Cutting
Integration between buildings,
Challenges
grid, heat network
Systems and Equipment for
energy production
Organizational Aspects
Neutral/Energy
Systems and Equipment for Positive New
energy use Buildings
Storage of energy Systems and
Energy production equipment for
Quality indoor environment energy use for
Design integration of new new buildings
solutions Systemic
Envelope and components approach for
Mass customization new buildings
Automation and control
Life cycle analysis (LCA)
Energy Management
Systems
Labeling and standardization
Materials: embodied energy
and multi-functionality
Diagnosis and predictive
maintenance
District and urban design
Systems and Equipment for
energy use
Storage of energy: thermal,
electrical or other
Retrofitting
 SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Interventions in Transport
Energy Efficient & Environmentally Sustainable Transport
System (E3ST)
- Energy intensity reduction by improving technical efficiency
- Emission intensity reduction by cleaner fuels
- Structural and systems efficiency improvement
- Production and resource efficiency improvement
 ENERGY STOCK
Energy Received by the Earth
The Resources Power = 122 PW
Energy = 3,850,000 EJ/y
Hydro Power
Solar Energy Annual Solar
for Wind Energy Solar Energy for
Exploitable Evaporation of Water
Wind Energy
Solar Energy for Uranium for
Photosynthesis Breeder
Renewable Nuclear
Geothermal Global Energy Demand: 445 EJ/y Reactors
Energy

Total Geothermal Total Energy Consumption of the World

Energy(<10 km) Uranium for
Total Coal Exploitable Conventional
Reserve Oil Reserve Nuclear Reactors

Exploitable Exploitable
Total Oil
Coal Reserve Oil Shale
Reserve
Total Gas Reserve Exploitable Gas Reserve
 RENEWABLE ENERGIES
RE Technologies
Solar

Wind

Hydro Tidal

Wave Biomass
 RENEWABLE ENERGIES
Cost of REs
Resource /
Typical Characteristics Cost (LKR/kWh)
Technology
Large hydro 10 MW - 20,000 MW 4 to 10
Small hydro 0.1 kW - 10 MW 7 to 50
Wind (On-shore) 1.5 MW - 3.5 MW 7 to 22
Wind (Off-shore) 1.5 MW - 7.5 MW 16 to 33
Wind (Small scale) 0.1 kW - 100 kW 20 to 46
Biomass Power 20 kW - 20 MW 10 to 23
Geothermal Power 1 MW - 100 MW 7 to 13
Efficiency: (i) Crystalline 12 -
Solar PV (module) -
19 %, (ii) Thin film 4 - 20%
Solar PV
Efficiency: 25% -
(Concentrating)
Rooftop solar PV 2 - 5 kWpeak 22 to 60
Utility-scale solar PV 200 kW - 100 MW 20 to 46
Concentrating solar 50 - 500 MW (trough);
26 to 52
thermal power (CSP) 10 - 20 MW (tower)
 NATIONAL ENERGY SCENARIO
Primary Energy Supply by Source
Coal
New RE
Hydro

Oil

Biomass
 NATIONAL ENERGY SCENARIO
Electricity Sector Gross Generation
Coal

New RE

Oil

Hydro
 NATIONAL ENERGY SCENARIO
Sectoral Energy Consumption by Source in 2011
Industrial Sector Household, Commercial & others Sector

Transport Sector Electricity Sector

 NATIONAL ENERGY SCENARIO
Transport Sector
Dominated by Road Transport
Active
Vehicle
Fleet

The Issue
 NATIONAL ENERGY SCENARIO
Life Style
Electricity System Load Profile
 NATIONAL ENERGY SCENARIO
Life Style
Electricity Consumption

Electricity Consumption by Energy

Service in a Typical Household

Electricity Consumption by Energy

Service in a Typical Office Building
 NATIONAL ENERGY SCENARIO
CEB Generation Plan - Base Case 2013-2032
 ENERGY INTENSITY IN ECONOMY
Industrial Competitiveness

Energy Intensity

Sri Lanka
 ENERGY INTENSITY IN ECONOMY
Energy Management
National Targets (by 2020)

Technology / Process Annual Technology / Process Annual

Saving Saving
(GWh) (GWh)
Energy Labeling Program Efficient motors 185
Ceiling Fans 35 Building Management System 20
Tubular Fluorescent Lamps 65 Efficient office equipment 16
Magnetic Ballasts 80 Solar water heaters 5
Refrigerators 16 Telecommunication 10
Efficient lighting 173 Efficient air compressors 11
Air Conditioning 250 Eliminating Incandescent Lamps 205
ISO 50001 375 Green Buildings 550
Total 1,990 GWh
 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
Categories
Conventional RE Resources
New Renewable Energy (NRE) Resources
Conventional RE Resources
Conventional Biomass Sustainability ?
Large Hydro
NRE Resources
Small Hydro
Already being
Wind
harnessed
Solar
Modern Biomass / Biofuels
Geothermal Yet to be harnessed
Ocean Thermal/ Wave/ Tidal
NRE Targets 20% by 2020
 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
Grid Connected Power Plants - Progress
Small
Wind Biomass Solar Total
Approval Stage Hydro
No. MW No. MW No. MW No. MW No. MW
Commissioned 125 264.3 12 98.45 6 20 3 1.36 146 384.2
Energy Permit 90 181.4 2 11.3 16 92.8 4 40.0 112 325.4
Provisional 88 100.7 2 20.0 12 55.2 1 10.0 103 185.8
Approval
 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
Challenges for RE Electricity Generation
Constraints in national grid in absorbing RE based
electricity
o Exceeding substation / transmission capacities
o Time / seasonal variability + Lack of storage options
o Non-dispatchable generation
o Limitations in Peak-matching
o Geographical mismatch of resource and demand
Lack of dynamic modelling / advanced forecasting tools
and technical knowhow
Lack of local capacity for manufacture
Lack of R&D efforts
Higher initial costs of new REs
Thank You