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CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL
Izdvajanje odreenog broja adresa iz opsega adresa koje DHCPv4 server nee dodeljivati
krajnjim ureajima, ve e ih koristiti za adrese default gateway-a, DNS servera, i drugih
neophodnih parametara (excluded addresses)
Konfigurisanje DHCPv4 servera na
ruteru
LAN-POOL-1
Provera konfiguracije DHCPv4
servera na ruteru
LAN-POOL-1 LAN-POOL-2
Provera konfiguracije DHCPv4
servera na ruteru
Provera konfiguracije DHCPv4
servera na ruteru
Provera konfiguracije DHCPv4
servera na ruteru
Ruter kao DHCPv4 relay agent
U sloenijim hijerarhijskim poslovnim raunarskim mreama
serveri se po pravilu nalaze u posebnom sabnetu koji ini
server farm. Ti serveri mogu pruati razliite servise u mrei
poput DHCP, DNS, TFTP, i FTP servisa
Krajnji ureaji-klijenti po pravilu nisu u istom sabnetu sa
serverima, ve se nalaze u nekim drugim sabnetima
Sa ciljem lociranja servera i dobijanja servisa klijenti koriste
broadcast poruke.
Ruter kao DHCPv4 relay agent
Primer:
Raunar PC1 pokuava da dobije
IPv4 adresu od DHCP servrsa
koristei broadcast DHCP
DISCOVER poruku.
U ovom scenariju, ruter R1 nije
konfigurisan kao DHCPv4 server i
ne prosleuje broadcast poruke
drugim sabnetima.
S obzirom da je DHCPv4 server
lociran u drugoj mrei, PC1 ne
moe da primi IPv4 adresu i druge
neophodne parametre koristei
DHCP protokol.
Reenje je da se ruter R1
konfigurie kao DHCPv4 relay
agent korienjem komande ip
helper address. Time se
omoguava da ruter R1 prosleuje
DHCP zahtev DHCPv4 serveru u
drugoj mrei.
Ruter kao DHCPv4 relay agent
Ruter kao DHCPv4 relay agent
Ruter kao DHCPv4 relay agent
Konfigurisanje DHCPv4 klijenta na
ruteru
Reavanje problema vezanih za
konfigurisan DHCPv4
Task 1:
An IPv4 address lease can expire on a client still connected to a network. If
the client does not renew the lease, the DHCPv4 server can reassign that
IPv4 address to another client. When the client reboots, it requests an IPv4
address. If the DHCPv4 server does not respond quickly, the client uses the
last IPv4 address. The situation then arises where two clients are using the
same IPv4 address, creating a conflict.
Task 2:
First, use the show interface interface command to confirm that
the router interface acting as the default gateway for the client is
operational. If the state of the interface is anything other than up, the port
does not pass traffic, including DHCP client requests.
Reavanje problema vezanih za
konfigurisan DHCPv4
Task 3:
When troubleshooting any DHCPv4 issue, verify network connectivity by
configuring static IPv4 address information on a client workstation. If the
workstation is unable to reach network resources with a statically
configured IPv4 address, the root cause of the problem is not DHCPv4. At
this point, network connectivity troubleshooting is required.
Reavanje problema vezanih za
konfigurisan DHCPv4
Task 4:
If the DHCPv4 client is unable to obtain an IPv4 address from the DHCPv4
server on startup, attempt to obtain an IPv4 address from the DHCPv4
server by manually forcing the client to send a DHCPv4 request.
Note: If there is a switch between the client and the DHCPv4 server, and
the client is unable to obtain the DHCP configuration, switch port
configuration issues may be the cause.
Reavanje problema vezanih za
konfigurisan DHCPv4
Task 5:
It is important to distinguish whether DHCPv4 is functioning correctly
when the client is on the same subnet or VLAN as the DHCPv4 server. If
DHCPv4 is working correctly when the client is on the same subnet or
VLAN, the problem may be the DHCP relay agent. If the problem persists
even with testing DHCPv4 on the same subnet or VLAN as the DHCPv4
server, the problem may actually be with the DHCPv4 server.
NAT - NETWORK ADDRESS
TRANSLATION
Uvod u NAT
Celokupan adresni IPv4 prostor nije dovoljan za sve ureaje koji su
povezani na Internet
Podela IPv4 adresa na privatne i javne
Privatnim mreama kompanija, firmi, skola, bolnica itd. se dodeljuju
adrese iz opsega privatnih IPv4 adresa koje su definisane RFC 1918
Za svaku klasu IPv4 adresa (A, B i C) je definisan opseg privatnih adresa
Uvod u NAT
Inside global address javna IPv4 adresa dobijena translacijom privatne IPv4
adrese ureaja u NAT procesu na ruteru
Outside local address javna adresa udaljenog ureaja koju lokalni ureaj
navodi u zaglavlju IP paketa pre NAT translacije na ruteru
Administrator konfigurie
mapiranje koje potom
ostaje trajno
Heophodno je imati na
raspolaganju dovoljno javnih
adresa za sve klijente iz inside
lokalne mree koji istovremeno
ele pristupiti javnoj mrei
Tipovi NAT-a
PAT Port Address Translation
Port Address Translation (PAT) vri mapiranje vie privatnih IPv4 adresa u
jednu ili nekoliko javnih IPv4 adresa
broj izvornog porta ureaja iz inside lokalne mree koji alje podatke