Quality Standards

Quality Standards

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Quality Standards

Objective

To understand the quality standards available

worldwide, the legal requirements of quality
industry and the performance standards
expected of a quality professional.

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Quality Standards

Scope
 Standards and compliance
 Quality Standards
• ISO 9000
• ISO or TQM?
• BS 5750
• Capability Maturity Model
 Legal Requirements
 Health and Safety at Work Act
 Data Protection Act
 Professional Issues
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Quality Standards

Standards and Compliance

 Standards are the criteria or measure used to
evaluate whether a product/system conforms
to requirements.
 A major role of the Quality Assurance
professional is to ensure that the standards
and procedures are adequate and the defined
standards are being complied to.

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Quality Standards

Quality Standards
 Standards were viewed as a powerful tool by the
organizations for effective management not only of
product quality but also of all business operations.
 Standards ensure that customers get products, which
are fit for use and provide uniformity in similar
products all around the world.
 The standards can be used by an organization as an
improvement tool and as an evaluation tool in a
subcontracting situation.

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Quality Standards

Reasons for implementing Quality Standards

 Reduce first time failure

 Reduce cost of customer claims
 Get things done right the first time
 Improve service to the customer
 Increase competitiveness

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Quality Standards

Reasons for implementing Quality Standards

 Pressure from large customers

 To maintain contracts with existing customers
 To use the constraints of the standard to
prevent scrap
 To reduce auditing of quality systems by
customers

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Quality Standards

ISO 9000
 These standards are a set of international
quality management standards and guidelines.
 The standard applies to the quality
management system a company uses and not
its products. It does not matter what size they
are or what they do.

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Quality Standards

ISO 9000
 ISO 9000 series of standards consist of two broad
categories of standards:
• Core standards
• Supplementary guidance standards
 ISO 9000 -1: 1994
 ISO 9001: 1994
 ISO 9002: 1994
 ISO 9003: 1994
 ISO 9004-1: 1994

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Quality Standards

Elements of ISO 9000: 1994 quality assurance system

 Management Responsibility
 Quality System
 Contract Review
 Design Control
 Document and Data Control
 Purchasing
 Control of customer supplied product

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Quality Standards

Elements of ISO 9000: 1994 quality assurance system

 Product identification and traceability

 Process control
 Inspection and testing
 Control of inspection, measuring and test
equipment
 Inspection and test status
 Control of non-conforming product

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Quality Standards

Elements of ISO 9000: 1994 quality assurance system

 Corrective and preventive action

 Handling, storage, packing, preservation and
delivery
 Control of quality records
 Internal quality audits
 Training
 Servicing
 Statistical Techniques

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Quality Standards

ISO 9001 Model

Work

Purchasing (4.6) Contract review (4.3)

Design control (4.4)
Customer supplied product (4.7)

Process control (4.9)

Testing (4.10-4.12)

Control of non-conforming product (4.13)

handling, storage, packing and delivery (4.15)

Servicing (4.19)
People System
Management responsibility (4.1) Quality system (4.2)
Training (4.18) Document control (4.5)
Corrective action (4.14)
Internal quality audit (4.17)
Information
Product identification (4.8)
Records (4.16)
Statistical techniques (4.20)

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Quality Standards

ISO or TQM?
 ISO 9000 and TQM are complementary to each
other.
 Effective management of processes using ISO
systems leads to consistency in results.
 Other aspects of organizational activity to be
considered for guaranteeing a quality product –
policy and strategy
• people management
• satisfaction of employees
• continuous improvement of existing systems
• quality costs etc. are being addressed in TQM.
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Quality Standards

ISO 9000 - a good building block for TQM

TQM

pdca
ISO
9000

pdca
ISO
9000

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Quality Standards

BSI standards
 BSI is the British Standards Institution.
 The military standards were eventually
developed by British Standards Institution
(BSI) into BS 5750 series (Part 1, 2 and 3
:1979)
 Since then, it has been used as the source for
ISO 9000 series.

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Quality Standards

Capability Maturity Model

 CMM was developed by the Software Engineering
Institute (SEI) at Carnegie-Mellon University of
U.S.A.
 The SEI was initiated by the U.S.Defence
Department to help improve software development
processes.
 The CMM is a model of 5 levels of organizational
‘maturity’ that determine the effectiveness in
delivering quality software.
 It is geared to large organizations such as the bigger
U.S.Defence Department contractors.
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Quality Standards

Five Level of Capability Maturity Model

 Initial Process
 Repeatable Process
 Defined Process
 Managed Process
 Optimizing Process

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Quality Standards

Reasons for selecting the levels

 Reasonably represent the actual historical phases of
evolutionary improvement of real software
organizations.
 Represent a measure of improvement that is
reasonable to achieve from the prior level.
 Suggest interim improvement goals and progress
measures.
 Make obvious a set of immediate improvement
priorities, once an organization’s status in this
framework is known.

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Quality Standards

Legal Requirements
 These have been instituted mainly to protect
the rights of the workers and also the
employers.
 They generally provide guidelines to the
employers to maintain certain work standards
and also specific requirements to achieve this.
 The Health and Safety at Work Act and Data
Protection Act are the two important legal
regulations.

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Quality Standards

Health and Safety at Work Act

 The Act gives the general duties that
employers have towards employees and the
public
 It also gives the responsibility, the employees
have towards themselves and each other in
view of maintaining safety at work.
 Do a risk assessment and record the
significant findings.

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Quality Standards

Health and Safety at Work Act

 Make arrangements for implementing the health and
safety measures identified as necessary by the risk
assessment;
 Appoint competent people (often themselves, as
Safety representative) to help them to implement the
arrangements;
 Set up emergency procedures;
 Provide clear information and training to employees;
 Work together with other employers sharing the
same workplace.

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Quality Standards

Data Protection Act (1984)

 The Data Protection Act (1984) grew out of
public concern about personal privacy in the
face of rapidly developing information
technology.
 It provides rights for individuals and demands
good information handling practice.

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Quality Standards

Data Protection Act - Important Definitions:

 Personal data.
 Data user
 Registration

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Quality Standards

Professional Issues
 Code of ethics
 Statement of responsibilities
 Program of continuing education
 Common body of knowledge
 Certification program

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Quality Standards

Summary
 Quality Standards are the criteria or measure used to
evaluate whether a product/system conforms to
requirements.
 The ISO 9000 standards are a set of international
quality management standards and guidelines
• ISO 9001
• ISO 9002
• ISO 9003
• ISO 9004-1

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Quality Standards

Summary
 TQM addresses policy and strategy, people
management, satisfaction of employees, continuous
improvement of existing systems, quality costs etc.
for guaranteeing a quality product.
 In order to control the increase in different types of
quality system standards and to reduce multiple
assessments, British Standards Institution (BSI)
developed the military standards into BS 5750
series.

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Quality Standards

Summary
 The CMM is a model of 5 levels of
organizational ‘maturity’ that determine the
effectiveness in delivering quality software.
 The Health and Safety at Work Act and Data
Protection Act are the two important legal
regulations.

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Quality Standards

Summary
 Any profession has following generally
accepted criteria:
• Code of ethics
• Statement of responsibilities
• Program of continuing education
• Common body of knowledge
• Certification program

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