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k A p
q
L
Evaluate residual saturations and displacement efficiency
for waterflood, gasflood and various eor processes
Evaluate flow characteristics in multiphase reservoir
situation
Prediction of reservoir performance and recoverable
reserves
Reservoir optimization for primary, secondary and
tertiary depletion operations
Relative Permeability: The resistance to fluid flow existing
in a porous media at presence of other mobile or immobile,
immiscible fluids.
Is a concept used to convey the reduction in flow capability due to the presence
of multiple mobile fluids
Measurements are conducted on core samples in a laboratory and are both time-
consuming and expensive to produce.
Oil-gas systems
Water-gas systems
k w A w
Water qw A = flow area
w L n = flow potential drop for phase,
n (including pressure, gravity and
capillary pressure terms)
k g A g
Gas
qg n = fluid viscosity for phase n
g L
L = flow length
Normalised Relative Absolute Relative
Permeability Permability Basis
Either method is accurate as long as correct value of
reference initial permeability is used
Normalised basis is useful in many cases where absolute
permeability is unknown (e.g: preserved state core
material)
Definition: is a measurement of the ability of a fluid to coat the rock
surface
-in some rocks, the relationship between the reciprocal capillary pressure
squared (1/Pc^2) and the effective water saturation S* w is linear over a
wide range of saturation.
1. Wyllie and Gardner Correlation
i) Imbibition
i) Drainage
4. Coreys Method
two expressions for generating the oil and gas relative permeabilities in the
presence of the connate water saturation. The authors considered the connate
water as part of the rock matrix to give:
Corey observed that the plot of 1/pc^2 versus effective water saturation S*w
may produce or yield a straight line over a considerable range of saturations.
5. Relative Permeability from Capillary Pressure Data
Solving simultaneously:
Final relationship:
Fluid Saturations
Rock Properties
Wettability
Saturation History
Overburden Pressure
In-Situ Stresses and Hydration
Temperature
IFT
Viscosity
Initial Fluid Saturations
Immobile Phases
Displacement Rates
Core handling and Preservation
Water Saturation Gas Saturation Liquid Saturation
Strongly dependant function of saturation
Rel perm is always expressed as a saturation function
Relative permeability is strongly impacted by the specific
geometry/tortuosity of the pore system under
consideration
Grain size
Pore size
Aspect ratio
Presence of vugs/natural fractures
Wormholes
Horizontal laminations