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Ansoft HFSS
2009
1. HFSS Ansoft
,
.
,
.
,
.
, .
,
.
.
Ptolemy1,
ADS Advanced Design System (
Agilent).
VSS,
MWO
Microwave Office2.
,
,
( ,
1
www.agilent.com
2
www.moffice.com
) ,
.
, ,
,
. ,
,
, ,
.
,
.
, MWO,
.
IE3D3
. IE3D , ,
. ,
,
. (Zeland) Fidelity
FDTD (Finite
Difference Time Domain).
, .
FDTD,
(, , ..).
High
Frequency System Simulator (HFSS) AnSoft,
, ,
, . ,
Hewlett Parcard
Agilent, .
Ansoft HFSS :
- ,
;
- ,
;
-
(eigenmode solver);
3
www.zeland.com
- , ,
,
..;
- ,
;
- ;
- ;
-
.
5 HFSS,
Hewlett Packard, Agilent Ansoft,
. ,
IE3D, Microwave Office, Microwave
Studio . HFSS
.
. -1. HFSS,
Ansoft Designer ,
, .
HFSS
(Finite Element Method, FEM).
.
,
,
.
HFSS
: ,
. HFSS
, ,
. S-
, ,
Microwave Office, Serenade Ansoft ADS. HFSS
Ansoft Designer,
(. . 1).
HFSS
:
1. , :
- ();
- , .
2. ,
:
- ,
;
- ;
- .
3. , :
- ;
- ;
- .
4. ,
:
- , ,
, ..;
-
;
- .
.
,
HFSS
.
.2.
HFSS ,
.
, , ,
, .
.
. -2.
HFSS ,
,
.
.
,
,
,
,
, .
,
.
HFSS .
(, ,
) ,
HFSS ,
.
Ansoft Designer Ansoft Serenade.
. -3.
, :
, HFSS ().
,
. ,
,
. ,
, .
.3.
, AutoCAD,
:
- 3D , ,
- ,
- / ,
- 2D 3D 3D 2D
,
- ,
- undo/redo . .
. -4.
.4.
HFSS
, ,
.
, , , ,
.
(. -4).
.
.5.
HFSS ,
. :
- T ,
- ,
,
- ,
- ,
- Zo,
- 3D ,
- -,
- ,
- .
. -6 . HFSS
.6.
HFSS ,
, ()
, 3 (.
-6), -, , ..
- ,
.
. -7. -
HFSS.
.7.
HFSS , :
-
, .
-
, ,
.
- ,
, ,
(. -7).
,
,
.
.
, .
, - , , S-
.
. ..
.
. -8. ,
.
,
,
. ,
,
.
, ,
, .
.8.
- ,
.
,
.
,
. , -
.
.9.
HFSS
.
Optimetrics,
,
.
. B-9.
S-, ,
. ,
, , ,
GPS.
.
HFSS. ,
, ,
,
.
HFSS .
Optimetrics,
-
.
Ansoft Designer -
.
. -11.
: Nexxim ( ), Q3D
Extractor ( ).
Ansoft Designer ,
, ,
.
. -12. S-
, , ,
,
, Ansoft Designer
,
- . Ansoft Designer
.
Ansoft Designer
: Motorola ( LDMOS ), Murata (,
-, .), NEC (
), TDK ( ) ,
.
. -13. ,
, ,
,
Ansoft Designer
,
, HFSS Ansoft.
, 10 11,
.
,
HFSS Hewlett Parcard [3].
,
,
,
, ,
. , ,
, ,
, ... .., ...
.., . .., . ..
.
1.
HFSS - ,
.
, ,
.
, ,
. HFSS
S- .
HFSS
Eigenmode.
, .
HFSS
.
1.1.
HFSS
. :
, ,
:
( HFSS
): 500 MB,
(RAM): 2 GB.
HFSS Ansoft 9-
11:
Windows XP Professional.
1.3.
( . 1.1)
, ,
.
Shift+F1.
.
. 1.1. HFSS Ansoft 911
HFSS ,
:
File File
HFSS .
Edit Edit
,
.
View View
,
3D Modeler, .
Project Project HFSS
, ,
.
Draw Draw -, -,
, -
.
3D 3D Modeler ,
Modeler , Ansoft 2D Modeler 3D
Modeler, ,
3D Modeler,
,
, . .
HFSS HFSS
. .
Tools Tools :
,
, (),
,
,
().
Window Window 3D
Modeler .
Help Help -
.
1.4.
.
,
:
,
Customize (. 1.2).
. 1.2. HFSS
,
. ,
, 3D Modeler,
Project Manager.
(Toolbar)
,
.
, 3D Modeler ,
(3D Modeler)
( , ..),
, ,
, ,
.
(Project Manager)
;
,
(Project , ;
Manager) ,
; ;
;
,
, Ansoft Maxwell
SPICE.
1.6.
- . ,
:
.
. 1.3. . 1.4. Customize
HFSS
,
, (. 1.3). ,
Project Manager, Project Manager
.
Customize, Customize
(. 1.4),
.
1.7. 3D Modeler
3D Modeler , ,
( , ..)
, , ,
, ,
(. 1.5).
3D Modeler:
3D Modeler (
).
. 1.5. 3D Modeler
(.
1.5) . , ,
.
(. 1.7).
,
.
. 1.7.
,
Status Bar View. :
X, Y, Z;
,
,
;
.
1.9.
Project Manager ,
(. 1.8).
. 1.8.
, .
Projectn, n - ,
HFSS.
.
:
1. Tools Parameters, General Options.
Options.
2. Project Options, Expand Project Tree on Insert (.
1.9).
. 1.9.
. ,
TEMP .
1.10.
,
. HFSSModelN
, N .
,
, ,
.
Definitions
, .
1.11. Properties
Properties , ,
, , 3D Modeler.
Properties
(. 1.1).
. 1.1.
,
Boundaries
Excitations ,
Mesh ,
Operations .
-
Analysis
Optimetrics
Results
Port Field
Display
Field Overlays ,
Radiate
, :
, ,
. .
Properties (. 1.10).
. 1.10. () ()
1. ,
.
. 1.11.
2. Attribute,
(. 1.11).
, ,
:
, ; ,
.
,
ENTER.
OK .
1.13.
Properties
Command (. 1.12) Properties
, , .
, Draw>Box,
, Edit>Duplicate>Mirror.
. 1.12.
Command . ,
, (, , ..),
, . :
1. , ,
.
2. Command Properties,
.
1.14.
3D Modeler
3D Modeler (. 1.13).
Project Manager ,
HFSS . 3D
Modeler
.
3D Modeler,
Insert HFSS Design,
.
. 1.13.
. , ,
, File > Save.
3D Modeler.
, Draw,
(1D) , ,
.
3D Modeler
, .
1.15.
(. 1.14) 3D Modeler
, ,
.
,
. ,
.
.1.14.
,
.
Properties.
Model ,
.
Coordinat ,
e Systems .
Planes .
, xy,
yz xz.
Points ,
.
Lists .
-
, ,
.
1.16. HFSS
: , ,
. HFSS Ansoft
. 1.15.
, HFSS:
.
.
.
.
.
.
S-.
.
.
. 1. 15. HFSS
(Optimetrics).
. :
.
.
, S-.
.
.
, .
,
.
.
,
.
.
1.17. HFSS
HFSS - ,
() HFSS. ,
,
.
Project n ,
. File > New.
File,
.
,
.
HFSS
HFSS, .hfss
. ,
.
HFSS :
. 1.1 . HFSS
.hfss HFSS 9.0
Design_name.hfssresults HFSS 9.0,
Project_name.hfssresults HFSS 9.0,
.asol HFSS 9.0.
,
.
project_name.hfssresults
.pjt HFSS 8.5
.anfp Ansoft PCB
File New.
.
Project_n, n - ,
.
, ,
.
, ,
File>Save, File>Save As.
. :
1. File Open.
2. , .hfss.
, ,
HFSS.
3. , .
4. OK. .
,
1. File, Open.
2. Ansoft Legacy EM Projects (*.cls) .
3. Look in, .
, , , .
4. , .
1.18. HFSS
. 1.2.
; ,
,
Properties. , ,
9.0.
, 9.0,
, ;
,
.
HFSS 9.
, ,
.
,
.
Driven Terminal ,
Driven Modal.
,
, .
,
, HFSS 9.0
.
, ,
9.0; ,
.
30
10 .
,
,
.
,
,
9.0.
.
Mesh ,
Operations , .
Optimetrics , ,
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
Driven Terminal
9.0.
9.0;
.
9.0
.
.
S-
. S-
9.0;
.
, Number of
Steps, Step Size 9.0.
Maximum
Number of Passes 9.0. , 3
, 2
, Maximum Number of Passes = 5
9.0.
Solutions ;
() 9.0.
1.19.
File, Save .
.
HFSS auto-save,
-.
HFSS .
,
:
2. , , .
3. File name.
4. .
5. Switch to saved, :
, ,
.
Switch to saved,
.
6. OK. HFSS
, .
HFSS ,
, ,
.
Projectn.hfss.auto , n - ,
. HFSS
- , .
, HFSS 10
. ,
, ,
, , .
. 1.16.
4. OK, .
,
. , HFSS
undo/redo.
HFSS ,
.auto. , Project1.hfss
Project1.hfss.auto.
1.20.
.
1. HFSS.
2. File Open,
Projectn.hfss, ,
Projectn.hfss.auto. Crash Recovery
(. 1.17),
, .
. , HFSS
, ,
.
, , HFSS
. HFSS ,
, .
, ,
;
, ,
.
,
;
.
Undo Edit,
, .
1. Project Manager, :
,
,
( ).
,
, ,
.
2. Edit, Undo, Undo
. .
Redo
Redo Edit, ,
, , ,
. ,
, .
1. Project Manager :
,
,
, .
,
, ,
.
2. Edit Redo, Redo
.
.
, , HFSS
undo/redo .
1.21.
, ,
.
:
1. HFSS, Validation Check . HFSS
, Validation Check (. 1.18).
2. Validation Check.
. 1.18.
3. , Message
Manager (. 1.19).
. 1.19. : PerfE2
Imped1, PerfE3 PerfE4
4. ,
, .
, .
, .
, ;
-, .
6. Close.
Progress ( . 1.20
Progress,
).
Progress, :
View, Progress Window. ,
, Progress .
. 1.20.
,
Progress . ,
Progress .
1.23.
HFSS_ 9:
Ansoft 2D Modeler;
3D ;
;
.
Ansoft 2D Modeler
Ansoft 2D Modeler (.sm2),
, x-y.
.sm2 :
1. 3D Modeler, Export,
Ansoft 2D Modeler.
2. , ,
.
3. File name.
5. Save.
.sm2.
, ,
x0y,
.
3D Model
HFSS
(. 1.21):
.sat ACIS
.sm3 HFSS 3D Modeler ACIS 2.0
. 1.21. ,
:
1. 3D Modeler, Export
3D model.
2. , , .
3. File name.
4. ( ) Save as type.
5. .sm3, Select Version (.
1.22). ACIS,
ACIS SM3 Version, OK.
. 1.22.
6. Save.
.
1.24.
,
,
:
:
1. 3D Modeler, Export,
.
2. , , .
3. File name (. 1.23).
4. Save as type.
5. Save.
.
.1.23.
1.25.
1. Report2D, Export to File.
, Export to File
. Export plot data to file.
2. , , .
3. File name.
4. Save as type:
.txt
.csv
.tab
.dat
5. Save.
.
1.26.
,
AutoCAD. ,
, 3D Modeler. HFSS
:
2D
3D
1.26.1. 2D Model
3D
Modeler :
.gds GDS-II 2D
.sm2 Ansoft 2D Modeler.
2D :
1. 3D Modeler, Import.
2. , , .
3. 2D model, .
4. Open. 3D Modeler
(. 1.24).
. 1.24.
3D Modeler,
,
(. 1.24). Ansoft 2D
Modeler (.sm2), ,
xy. ,
xy,
.
1.26.2. 3D Model
, 3D Modeler:
.dxf AutoCAD
.geo Agilent HFSS.
.iges, .igs Initial Graphics Exchange Specification
(IGES).
.sat ACIS
.sm3 HFSS 3D
.step, .stp AP203 STEP
, 3D Modeler,
,
; (. 1.25).
. 1.25. dxf ,
:
1. 3D Modeler, Import.
2. , ,
.
3. , (
, . 1.26).
4. Open. 3D Modeler.
. 1.26.
1.26.3.
,
, , , ,
, S-
. :
. 1.27.
2. Import Solution. S Parameter
Import.
3. File Name, ,
,
(. 1.28).
. 1.28. S-
4. Load File. , .
5. , Source Name.
6. , Available
Solutions, Import.
Imported Data.
7. , ,
OK.
1.27.
,
:
Table Tab. HFSS ,
.
Table Comma. HFSS ,
.
1. HFSS, Results, Import Solutions.
,
Import Solutions .
Imported Data.
3. File Name, ,
,
.
. 1.29.
4. , Real/Imag,
Mod/Phase.
5. Load File. ,
.
6. , Source Name,
.
7. Table Name,
, .
8. All Columns
. , ,
:
a. All Columns, , .
Column Name.
b. Column Name, Set Column
Name. ,
Imported Data.
12. , Current
Imports, OK.
.
1.28.
. :
1. File, Print. .
2. ( dpi
,
), .prn.
3. :
OK, .
Cancel, .
Setup, .
1.29.
,
.
.
,
HFSS v.9 [1,2]. ,
, , ,
.
, .
2
HFSS ,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
, .
HFSS:
Project
Variables HFSS,
. HFSS
,
$. $
, HFSS
, .
Design Variables
HFSS,
.
. -
, ,
,
.
2.1.
. 2.1.
3. Name .
$.
-
(_).
() .
4. Value, . ,
.
, ,
.
(current), (default), (value).
5. OK. Properties.
.
6. Description.
7. Read Only. ,
( ).
8. Hidden ( ).
Hidden,
Properties.
2.2.
,
HFSS.
3. Name, .
, -
(_).
pi () .
. 2.3. W_project,
21
4. Value, , .
, .
,
. ,
( Value), ,
.
5. OK. Properties.
- .
6. ,
Description (. 2.2).
,
.
.
.
2.3.
- ,
, sin(x), , +, -, *, /,
.
pi (), .
.
.
, 5 x 107 5e7.
2.3.1.
, ,
. . 2.1.
,
( ).
! 1
- 2
** 3
* 4
/ 5
% 6
+ 7
- 8
<< 9
>> 10
== 11
!= 12
> 13
< 14
>= 15
<= 16
& 17
| 18
^ 19
~ 1- 20
2.4.
HFSS
, ,
. (. 2.4) ,
.
. 2.4. ,
,
:
. 2.2. ,
abs abs(x)
sin sin(x)
cos cos(x)
tan tan(x)
asin asin(x)
acos acos(x)
atan ( atan(x)
90
90)
atan2 ( atan2(y,x)
-180
180)
pow pow(x,y)=x y
sinh sinh(x)
cosh cosh(x)
tanh tanh(x)
if if(cond_exp,true_exp,
false_exp)
sqrt sqrt(x)
ln ln(x)
lg lg(x)
2
log log(x)
round round(x)
(
)
floor Floor ( floor(x)
)
ceil Ceiling ( ceil(x).
)
deg Degrees deg(x)
(
)
rad Radians rad(x)
(
)
sign sign(x)
rand rand(x)
( 1)
,
. ,
. ,
,
Constants (. 2.5).
. 2.5. , : ,
..
-
:
pwlx x
y. pwly y
x.
2.4.
, :
4. x- y- , , 1.
5. x- y- .
, , ,
.
6. , OK.
,
.
. 2.6. Add Dataset
2. , ,
Edit. Edit Dataset.
3. ,
Name.
4. . ,
. , OK.
2.6.
,
.
. , 2.3 2.4.
.
X, Y, Z, Phi, Theta, R
. X, Y, Z -
, Phi, Theta, R - .
,
.
2.7.
HFSS (. 2.7),
Value. ,
, Add Variable to DesignName,
.
. 2.7. ,
, $,
, Add Variable to
Project, (. 2.8).
, , ..
,
Properties (. 2.9).
1. - , :
HFSS, Design Properties. - ,
Project, Project Variables.
Properties.
2. , ,
.
3. , ,
($dlina_2 . 2.9).
4. Optimization.
. 2.9. $dlina_2
5. , ,
Include.
, .
6. ,
, Optimetrics
.
, HFSS ,
.
2.8.
,
, ,
Properties (.
2.10).
1. - , HFSS Design
Properties.
, HFSS.
2. , .
3. , ,
.
4. Sensitivity.
. 2.10.
5. , ,
Include.
.
6. ,
,
.
,
.
2.9.
, , ,
Properties
(. 2.11).
1. - , HFSS,
Design Properties. - , Project,
Project Variables. Properties.
. 2.11.
2. , .
3. , , .
4. Tuning.
5. , , Include.
.
.
2.10.
, ,
Properties (. 2.12).
. 2.12.
1. - , HFSS,
Design Properties.
- , Project, Project
Variables. Properties.
2. , ,
.
3. , ,
.
4. Statistical.
5. , ,
Include.
.
6. (Tolerance),
.
,
.
.
, ,
, , ,
.
3
,
(. 3.1).
: ,
. ,
.
,
, ,
, .
3D Modeler.
. 3.1. .
, ,
() . ,
Project Insert HFSS Design. ,
, . HFSS
Design_N , N - ,
.
3D Modeler.
(. 3.2).
"" ,
,
, , .
3D Modeler, :
HFSS Project ->
Insert Design HFSS.
Insert Design HFSS .
3D Modeler , :
HFSS, 3D Model Editor.
,
3D Model Editor .
. 3.2. , 3D Modeler
HFSS
, ,
Draw. ,
, (. 3.2).
(1D) HFSS - , , -
.
; ,
. , .
2D
.
(2D) ,
, , .
;
. 2D ,
Cover Lines.
(3D) - , ,
, , , .
. ,
,
Draw.
, 3D Modeler,
: ,
Properties.
, (. 3.3).
, , ,
.
. 3.3.
cavity Cylinder1
. ,
,
. :
2. .
3. , :
Rescale to new units ,
. , (cm),
, 10 10 c.
Rescale to new units ( )
. , cm
, , 10
1 c.
4. OK, .
3.1.1.
, Draw>Line.
1. Draw, Line.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z HFSS.
, , Undo Previous Segment
.
3. ,
X, Y, Z.
.
, ESC
Escape Draw Mode .
4. :
.
Done .
Enter.
. 3.4.
, Properties (. 3.4),
.
5. OK.
3.1.2.
HFSS, Draw>Arc>3
Point,
.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
3. ,
X, Y, Z (. 3.5).
, ,
Undo Previous Segment .
, ESC
Escape Draw Mode .
4. ,
X, Y, Z.
.
. 3.5.
5. ,
, Done
.
Properties (. 3.5),
.
6. OK.
, , HFSS
.
, ,
, , Set Edge Type
, .
3.1.3.
, ,
. Draw>Arc>Center Point,
.
2. ,
X, Y, Z.
3. , ,
X, Y, Z.
. 3.6. , xy
4. , ,
- X, Y, Z.
5. ,
, Done
. Properties,
.
6. OK.
3.1.4.
- , . HFSS
, ,
, . Draw>Spline ,
.
1. Draw, Spline.
2. ,
X, Y, Z. Enter.
3. ,
X, Y, Z.
4. ,
X, Y, Z (. 3.7)
. 3.7. ,
, ,
, ,
Set Edge Type .
.
5. , ,
Done , Enter.
Properties, (. 3.7).
3.1.5.
, ,
, , (.
3.8).
. , ,
, Set Edge Type
. :
1. Draw, Line.
2. 3D Modeler,
, Set Edge Type.
. 3.8.
4. Straight, :
Set Reference Point.
x, y, z Enter.
Spline, .
3 Point Arc,
.
Center Point Arc,
.
5. 2 3 .
.
6. ,
, Done (. 3.8).
, Close
Polyline .
. , ,
, ,
.
3.1.6.
, .
:
1. Draw, Circle.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
3. , ,
dX, dY, dZ, d -
.
Properties, .
4. OK.
3D Modeler Options Automatically cover closed
polyline, ,
. 1D .
3.1.7.
, , ,
(. 3.9).
1. Draw Ellipse.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
3. .
xy, x - .
yz,
y. xz, z -
. :
. HFSS
.
4. .
:
. HFSS
, .
dX, dY, dZ.
. 3.9.
Properties (. 3.9), .
Ratio
.
5. OK.
3.1.8.
( ) ,
. :
1. Draw, Rectangle.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
3. , ,
- dX,
dY, dZ, d - .
4. OK.
3.1.9.
-
.
.
2. ,
X, Y, Z.
3. ,
, :
.
dX, dY, dZ,
d - .
4. ,
OK (. 3.10).
. 3.10.
5. OK.
3.1.10.
, .
.
1. Draw, Sphere.
2. ,
X, Y, Z (. 3.11).
. 3.11.
3. , ,
dX, dY, dZ, d -
.
. ,
, .
4. OK.
3.1.11.
, , .
(true surfaces) HFSS. ,
. :
1. Draw Cylinder.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
. 3. 12.
3. , ,
xy ( ).
4. ,
(. 3.12). ,
dX, dY, dZ.
5. OK.
3.1.12.
, , ,
, .
:
1. Draw, Box.
2. ,
, X, Y, Z.
3. , ,
dX, dY, dZ, d - .
. , , HFSS
.
. 3.13.
4. ,
. ,
dX, dY, dZ. Properties
(. 3.13).
5. OK.
3.1.13.
HFSS, -
;
.
(. 3.14).
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
. 3.14.
3. ,
, ,
dX, dY, dZ, d -
.
5. OK.
3.1.14.
(. 3.15), ,
. ,
.
. :
1. Draw, Cone.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
3. , ,
dX, dY, dZ,
d - .
. 3.15 .
4. , .
, dX, dY, dZ.
, .
5. ,
dX, dY, dZ.
Properties, (. 3.15).
3.1.15.
, , , . HFSS
.
(. 3.16) :
1. Draw Torus.
2. , , ,
X, Y, Z.
3. , :
.
dX, dY, dZ,
d - .
(. 3.16).
. 3.16.
4. ,
. .
Properties, .
3.1.16.
- , ,
() (.
3.17).
.
.
1. ,
, .
2. Draw Helix.
3. , :
a. ,
X, Y, Z.
b. ,
dX, dY, dZ.
Helix.
4. Right hand, -
Left hand, .
5. Pitch, ,
.
6. Turns, ,
.
. 3.17.
3.1.17.
- , ,
(. 3.18).
.
.
:
. 3.18. ,
1. ,
, ,
, .
2. Draw Spiral.
3. , :
a. ,
X, Y, Z.
b. ,
dX, dY, dZ.
Spiral.
4. Right hand, -
Left hand, .
5. Radius Change,
- .
,
.
6. .
7. Turns, ,
.
, . ,
, .
3.1.18.
Bondwire - ,
.
:
1. Draw Bondwire.
2. ,
X, Y, Z.
3. ,
X, Y, Z. Bondwires (. 3.19).
4. Type, Bondwire:
JEDEC 4-point JEDEC 5-point.
. 3.19.
5. No. of Facets.
3.
6. h1 (.
3.19). .
7. h2 -
. HFSS , .
h2, .
, h2
.
8. JEDEC 5-point, :
a.
alpha.
b.
beta.
9. OK.
3.1.19.
. .
1. Draw Point.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z (. 3.20).
Point .
. 3.20.
3.1.20.
.
.
HFSS.
1. Draw Plane.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
3. ,
,
dX, dY, dZ d - .
. ,
,
(. 3.21). Planes .
. 3.21.
3.2.
,
, (non-model).
;
.
, ,
,
, .
:
1.
. ,
, , 100
. ,
, Edit Sweeps.
2. ,
.
3. ,
, .
4. , ,
.
5. , ,
.
,
, (non-model).
,
.
3.2.1.
- :
1. 3D Modeler, New Object Type, Non
Model.
, Non Model
3D Modeler.
, ,
xy, yz, xz.
xy, yz, xz
,
.
2. .
3.2.2.
,
:
1. , .
2. Properties, Model.
.
,
.
3.3.
,
- , 3D Modeler,
:
.
.
.
(Delete).
(Move).
(Rotate).
(Mirror) .
( ).
(Duplicate).
.
(Sweep).
.
.
.
.
, .
(Connect).
(Move).
(Unite).
(Subtract).
.
.
(Split).
.
.
3.3.1.
(. 3.22)
. :
1. , .
2. Properties, Attribute.
3. Edit Color. .
4. Color, OK.
.
. 3.22. ,
3.3.2.
3.3.3.
,
, .
:
1. , .
2. Properties, Attribute.
3. Transparency. Set
Transparency (. 3.23).
4. , .
, .
5. OK.
. 3.23.
3.3.4.
, Edit>Copy Edit>Paste.
:
1. , .
2. Edit, Copy . .
.
3. , .
, .
4. 3D Modeler.
5. .
.
6. Edit, Paste.
.
. , ,
, .
3.3.5.
1. , .
2. Edit, Delete .
, , Delete. .
, ,
, ,
.
- ,
, , .
,
Delete. :
1. , ,
, .
.
2. , .
3. Edit, Delete. ,
Delete. , , .
,
.
.
3.3.6.
1. , .
2. Edit, Arrange, Move.
3. , ,
X, Y, Z.
4. , ,
dX, dY,
dZ, d - .
,
.
3.3.7.
x-, y-, z,
Edit>Arrange>Rotate. :
1. .
3. , : X, Y, Z.
4. Angle. -
.
.
5. OK. .
,
Edit>Duplicate>Around Axis.
3.3.8.
Edit>Arrange>Mirror
. ,
.
1. , .
.
2. Edit, Arrange, Mirror.
3. ,
.
, ,
.
4. , ,
dX, dY, dZ, d -
.
,
.
,
Edit>Duplicate>Mirror.
3.3.9.
Edit>Arrange>Offset
.
.
.
,
Surfaces>Move Faces>Along Normal.
:
1. , .
2. Edit Arrange, Offset.
Offset.
3. ,
.
4. OK.
3.3.10.
,
Edit>Duplicate.
, ,
.
,
,
( )
( ). ,
,
,
. ,
,
, .
, . ,
- , ,
, .
,
. ,
- (. 3.24).
:
Edit>Duplicate>Along
Line .
Edit>Duplicate>Around .
Axis
Edit>Duplicate>Mirror
.
,
Edit>Copy Edit>Paste.
. 3. 24. Z
,
, ,
.
,
Edit>Duplicate>Along Line. , ,
, , .
1. , .
3. , :
a. ,
X, Y, Z.
; ,
, .
b. , ,
dX, dY, dZ, d -
.
, .
Duplicate Along Line (. 3.25).
. 3. 25.
4. , , Total
number.
5. OK.
, .
x-, y-, z,
Edit>Duplicate>Around Axis.
1. , .
2. Edit Duplicate, Around Axis.
Duplicate Around Axis.
3. , : X, Y, Z.
4. Angle.
.
.
5. , , Total
Number.
6. OK.
, .
,
Edit>Duplicate>Mirror.
, .
1. , .
3. ,
. , ,
.
4. , ,
dX, dY, dZ, d -
.
, ,
, .
, .
Edit>Arrange>Mirror, , .
3.3.11.
,
Edit>Scale.
. ,
,
- .
, 2 X,
,
(. 3.26). , ,
.
, .
. 3.26.
1. ,
.
2. , .
4. .
5. OK.
.
3.3.12.
, 2D , ,
, . ,
, , , ,
, , 3D
Modeler. ,
.
1D ,
. .
()
x-, y-, z-, ,
Draw>Sweep>Around Axis (. 3.27).
-
.
, :
, ,
. , z,
, z, .. xz yz.
, .
, .
. 3.27. , X
:
1. , .
3. , : X, Y, Z.
4. , , Angle of
sweep. -360 360.
5. .
7. OK. .
.
,
Draw>Sweep>Along Vector.
1. , .
3. , ,
,
X, Y, Z, ,
, dX, dY, dZ, d
- . Sweep
Along Vector.
4. ,
.
5. Draft Type:
Extended
, .
.
Round
Natural
, .
,
,
.
.
.
,
,
Draw>Sweep>Along Path.
, ,
, ,
. c,
.
1. , .
2. , ,
.
4. . ,
, .
5. ,
.
6. Draft Type .
.
, , .
.
3.3.13.
,
3D Modeler>Surface>Cover Lines.
.
:
1. , ,
.
2. 3D Modeler, Surface, Cover Lines.
.
, ,
.
3.3.14.
,
3D Modeler>Surface>Cover Faces (. 3.28).
:
1. , .
2. 3D Modeler Surface, Cover Faces.
.
. 3.28.
, HFSS
, , , ,
, Automatically cover closed.
3.3.15.
.
3D Modeler>Surface>Uncover Faces.
:
1. : Edit, Select,
Faces.
2. , .
3. 3D Modeler, Surface Uncover Faces.
,
.
.
. ,
.
3.3.16.
3D Modeler>Surface>Detach Faces
,
.
:
1. : Edit, Select,
Faces.
2. , .
.
3. , 3D Modeler> Surface> Detach
Faces. ,
.
3.4.
.
3DModeler>Surface>Section.
,
xy, yz, xz.
(. 3.29).
. 3.29. YZ
1. , ,
.
2. , .
3. 3D Modeler Surface, Section.
4. , ,
: XY, YZ, ZX.
5. OK.
3.5.
3D Modeler>Surface>Connect,
:
1D . HFSS
, , ,
,
.
.
. HFSS
, ,
, ,
.
.
:
1. , .
2. 3D Modeler, Surface, Connect.
, , .
, , , ,
.
3.6.
3D ,
3D Modeler>Surface> Move Faces.
, (.
3.30).
. 3.30.
3.6.1.
,
3D Modeler>Surface>Move Faces>Along Normal.
, ,
, . ,
.
,
, , . 3. 31.
. 3.31. ,
,
:
1. Select Faces .
2. , .
3. 3D Modeler>Surface>Move Faces>Along Normal.
4. Move Faces Along Normal.
5. ,
.
6. OK.
, .
,
Edit>Arrange>Offset.
3.6.2.
, 3D Modeler>Surface>Move
Faces>Along Vector.
, (. 3.32).
. 3.32. ,
, ,
, .
.
:
1. Select Faces .
2. , .
3. 3D Modeler>Surface>Move Faces>Along Vector.
4. , :
a. , ,
X, Y, Z.
; ,
.
b. , ,
dX, dY, dZ , d -
.
,
. Enter.
, .
, Edit>Arrange>Offset.
3.7.
,
3D Modeler>Boolean>Unite.
, , , .
.
1. , .
, , ,
.
, ,
:
,
.
Clone before unite 3D Modeler Options.
HFSS
.
3.8.
1. , .
2. Ctrl, , .
3. 3D Modeler, Boolean, Subtract .
Subtract. ,
Tool Parts ,
Blank Parts.
4. , ,
, (.
3.34).
,
Tool Parts, ,
, Blank Parts.
6. OK. , ,
.
, ,
, .
3.9.
,
, 3D Modeler>Boolean>
Intersect.
:
1. , .
2. 3D Modeler, Boolean Intersect .
, ,
(. 3.35).
, , ,
.
. ,
.
. 3. 35.
,
. ,
, ,
;
Clone before intersect 3D Modeler Options.
, HFSS
, .
. , ,
, . , ,
Clone before intersect 3D Modeler Options.
Modeler>Boolean>Intersect, ,
(. 3.36).
.
. 3.36. xy
3.10.
1. Select Faces .
2. , .
, .
3. 3D Modeler Surface, Create Object from
Face.
,
.
3.11.
, xy, yz,
xz, 3D Modeler>Boolean>Split.
1. , .
.
3. Split plane, .
4. ,
,
, (. 3.37).
5. OK.
. 3.37.
(.3.38).
. 3.38. ,
1. , .
,
, , .
,
. :
.
.
.
1. , ,
, .
(. 3.40).
2. ,
, , Properties.
3. Properties, Value
Segment Type.
4. .
, , .
,
;
,
.
. 3.40. ,
.
3.12. 3D Modeler
,
- . , ,
, - .
?
.
.
.
.
.
3.12.1.
, HFSS .
, .
.
,
, , ,
. , Display
3D Modeler Options.
HFSS ,
, :
O.
,
Select Objects (. 3.41).
Edit, Select Objects.
Object
Selection 3D Modeler.
. 3. 41.
3.12.2.
1. , HFSS ,
O.
2. :
CTRL ,
.
CTRL ,
, .
Edit>Select All, ,
, .
CTRL+A Edit>Select All Visible
.
3.12.3.
1. , HFSS ,
O.
2. Edit, Select, By name.
Select Object.
3. Name, , .
Ctrl, .
, ,
(. 3.42).
. 3.42.
4. OK. .
3.13.
HFSS ,
, .
, CTRL,
. ,
.
,
, , ,
.
, Display 3D Modeler Options.
.
:
F.
,
Select Faces.
Edit, Select, Faces.
Face
Selection 3D Modeler.
3.13.1.
1. , ,
.
2. , F.
3. , .
4. Edit, Select, All Object Faces.
, ,
All Object Faces .
.
3.13.2.
1. , HFSS ,
F.
3. Objectn Name, ,
.
Face ID.
4. , Face ID.
.
. 3.43.
5. OK.
3.13.3.
.
.
:
1. , HFSS
F.
2. ,
.
3. 3D Modeler>List>Create>Face List.
.
Lists.
.
Geometry ,
Surface.
3.13.4.
HFSS ,
, .
, CTRL, .
, -
, , , .
, Display
3D Modeler Options.
.
,
:
Edit, Select Edges.
Edge 3D
Modeler Selection.
3.13.5.
HFSS ,
. ,
CTRL, .
,
, , ,
. ,
Display 3D Modeler Options.
.
,
:
Edit, Select, Vertices.
Vertex 3D
Modeler Selection.
, , ,
:
,
.
,
.
Edit, Deselect All.
Shift+Ctrl+A.
.
3.13.6.
, :
Edit, Select, Next Behind.
Next
Behind.
B.
Ctrl+B.
, ,
,
, .
3.14.
,
x, y, z X, Y,
Z, . ,
x, y, z dX, dY, dZ,
.
1. , Cartesian
.
2. x-, y-, z- X, Y, Z.
, .
3. , ,
, , .
x, y, z dX, dY, dZ Enter.
, ,
, , R,
X Theta, z
Z. ,
dR, dTheta,
dZ. :
1. , Cylindrical
.
3. , ,
.
dR, dTheta, dZ.
,
, R, x Theta,
Z Phi. ,
dR, dTheta, dPhi.
1. , Spherical
. Tab,
. Ctrl+Tab,
.
3. , ,
.
dR, dTheta, dPhi.
,
.
(0, 0, 0). ,
.
,
.
:
1. .
2. Absolute Absolute/Relative
.
3. ,
.
,
.
, .
(0, 0, 0).
Tab,
. Ctrl+Tab,
.
, , -
, ,
; Relative
Absolute/Relative . ,
Absolute Absolute/Relative .
3.15.
,
. xyz-
:
,
, Ctrl+Enter.
X, Y Z,
:
, (
).
( ).
,
.
3.15.1.
,
:
1. .
2. :
3D Model, Movement Mode, In plane.
In Plane
Draw 3D Modeler.
, ,
, .
3.15.2.
,
Movement Mode 3D Model,
. 3.44. , , ,
,
.
Out of Plane.
,
(. 3.44).
3.15.3. 3D
:
1. .
2. :
3D Model Movement Mode, 3D.
3D Draw 3D
Modeler.
,
,
.
,
.
, ,
, (.
3.45).
. 3.45.
X-
,
- X:
1. .
2. :
3D Model, Movement Mode, Along X
Axis.
X.
Along X Axis
Draw 3D Modeler.
, ,
,
X.
,
, , (0.5, 0.5, 1.0)
.
Y-
,
Y:
1. .
2. :
Z-
Z:
1. .
2. :
3D Model, Movement Mode, Along Z
Axis.
Z.
Along Z Axis
Draw 3D Modeler:
, ,
Z.
3.16.
, , snap
to ( ) , ,
. ,
. ,
.
:
1. 3D Modeler, Snap Mode. Snap Mode.
2. , ,
Grid.
3. , Vertex.
4. , Edge Center.
, ,
.
5. , Face
Center.
6. ,
Quadrant. ,
:
Grid ( )
Vertex ( )
Edge Center ( )
Face Center ( )
Quadrant ( , )
Arc Center ( )
, (Grid),
, , , .
, Drawing 3D Modeler Options.
, ,
Snap Mode. ,
,
, .
3.17. ,
HFSS ,
: ,
, .
(CS) X,
Y, Z, xy.
(0,0,0) CS x-, y-, z-.
(CS) - ,
CS .
.
.
CS.
,
.
CS, ,
CS .
CS, CS,
CS, ,
CS.
CS .
.
,
.
,
, , CS. CS,
. CS
W,
CS . Properties (. 3.46)
CS, .
. 3.46.
(. 3.47).
. 3.47.
3.17.1.
CS,
. CS
CS CS. CS
, ,
:
2. CS .
3. Select.
W CS
, , CS.
, , CS,
.
3.17.2.
,
:
CS,
,
CS.
CS,
, -
.
, CS,
CS. CS,
,
.
CS,
- .
,
CS:
1. CS ,
CS, CS.
2. 3D Modeler>Coordinate System>Create>Relative CS.
3. Relative CS, Offset.
4. , ,
X, Y, Z.
, ,
Movement Mode .
CS.
CS, .
Coordinate Systems
CS; ,
, CS.
xy, yz, xz.
CS
, CS:
1. , CS,
CS, CS.
2. 3D Modeler>Coordinate System>Create>Relative CS.
3. Relative CS, Rotated.
4. X, , ,
X, Y, Z.
, ,
Movement Mode .
5. xy , , ,
dX, dY,
dZ, d - .
Z,
Y.
CS .
CS, .
Coordinate Systems
CS; , ,
CS.
,
CS:
1. , CS,
CS, CS.
2. 3D Modeler>Coordinate System>Create>Relative CS.
3. Relative CS, Both.
4. , ,
X, Y, Z.
, ,
Movement Mode .
5. X, , ,
, dX,
dY, dZ, d - .
6. xy ,
:
.
dX, dY, dZ.
Z .
Y.
CS
Coordinate Systems. CS; ,
,
CS. xy, yz,
xz .
3.17.3.
1. ,
CS.
2. 3D Modeler>Coordinate System>Create>Face CS .
3. , ,
X, Y, Z.
4. X, , ,
,
dX, dY, dZ, d -
.
X-, Y- Z- . HFSS , Z
Y
Z.
CS Coordinate
Systems. CS; ,
, CS.
xy, yz, xz .
,
CS,
CS, CS.
CS, , ,
, , .
, , , CS
, CS.
Properties,
. ,
Edit>Arrange>Rotate, ,
, .
CS, ,
. :
1. Tools Options, 3D Modeler Options.
3D Modeler Options.
2. Automatically switch to face coordinate system.
3. OK.
, ,
,
. HFSS CS
CS. , ,
CS. (.
3.47).
. 3.48. HFSS
3.17.4.
3. Select.
, , CS,
:
, CS.
,
CS.
, ,
CS.
3.17.5.
1. , ,
.
2. Edit, Delete, Delete.
, , ,
. , ,
CS, ,
CS, .
, ,
HFSS .
, .
, ,
, .
, HFSS ,
.
4
4.1. ,
,
, ..
, .
,
,
.
. 4.1.
tg tg MS LG H
Air 1.0 1.0000 0 0 0 0 2 0
06 04
AI2_03_ceramic 9.8 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
AI_N 8.8 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Alumina_92pct 9.2 1 0 0.08 0 0 2 0
Alumina_96pct 9.4 1 0 0.06 0 0 2 0
Aluminium 1 1.0000 3.8E7 0 0 0 2 0
21
Arlon_25FR 3.4 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
3
Arlon_25N - 3.2 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
8
Arlon_270 - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_AD 270 - 2.7 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_AD 295 - 2.9 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
5
Arlon_AD 300 - 3.0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_AD 320 - 3.2 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_AD 360 - 3.6 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_AD 1000 - 10. 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
0
Arlon_AR 350 - 3.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_AR 450 - 3.0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_AR 600 - 3.0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_CL - 3.0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
TE/LC
Arlon_Cu Clad - 2.1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
217 7
Arlon_Cu Clad - 2.3 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
233 3
Arlon_Cu Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 5
Arlon_Cu Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 GT 5
Arlon_Cu Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
GX 250 5
Arlon_Di Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 5
Arlon_ Di Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 5
Arlon_ Di Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 5
Arlon_ Di Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 5
Arlon_ Iso Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 5
Arlon_ Iso Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 5
bakelite 4.8 0 0 2 0
Be_O 6.8 0 0 2 0
bensoziclobuten 2.6 0 0 2 0
Berillium 1 1.0000 0 0 2 0
0079
Brass 0 0 2 0
7
Bronze 1E 0 0 2 0
S/m
BT_systems 3.9 1 0 0 0 2 0
Cast_iron 1 60 0 0 2 0
Chromium 1 1 0 0 2 0
Cobalt 0 0 2 0
Cooper 0 0 2 0
Corning_glass 5.7 1 0 0 0 2 0
5
Cyenate_ester 3.8 1 0 0 2 0
Diamante 16. 1 0 0 0 2 0
5
Diamante_hi_pre 16. 1 0 0 0 2 0
ss 5
Diamante_pl_cv 16. 1 0 0 0 2 0
d 5
Dupont Type100 0 0 2 0
HN Film
Duroid 0 0 2 0
Epoxy_Kelvar_x 0 0 2 0
y
ferrite 12 1000 0.01 0 0 0 2 0
FR4_epoxy 3.8 0 0 2 0
Gallium_arsenid 0 0 2 0
e
GE GETEK 3.9 1 0 0 0 2 0
ML200/RG200
GIL GML1000 3.1 1 0 0.05 0 0 2 0
2
Glass 5.5 1 0 0 0 2 0
Glass_PTFEreinf 2.5 1 0 0 0 2 0
Gold 1 0.9999 4.1e7 0 0 2 0
6 S/m
Graphite 1 1 7e5 0 0 2 0
Indium 1 1 6.44e 0 0 2 0
6
Iron 1 4000 1.03E 0 0 2 0
7
Isola Gigaver 3.7 1 0 0 0 2 0
210 5
Krempel Akaflex 3.4 1 0 0 0 2 0
KCL
Lead 1 0.9999 5e7 0 0 2 0
83
Magnesium 1 1 2.25e 0 0 2 0
7
Marble 8.3 1 0 0 0 2 0
mica 5.7 1 0 0 0 2 0
Modified_epoxy 4.3 1 0 0 0 2 0
Molybdenum 1 1 1.76e 0 0 2 0
7
Nelco N4000-13 3.5 1 0 0 0 2 0
Nelco N4000-13 3.4 1 0 0 0 2 0
SI
Neltec NH9294 2.9 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
4
Nickel 1 600 1.45e 0 0 2 0
7
Palladium 1 1.0008 9.3e7 0 0 2 0
2
Pec 1 1 1e30 0 0 2 0
Perfect . 1 1 1e30 0 0 2 0
conductor
Plexiglass 3.4 1 0 0 0 2 0
Polyamide 4.3 1 0 0 0 2 0
Polyester 3.2 1 0 0 0 2 0
Polyethylene 2.2 1 0 0 0 2 0
5
Polyflon Cooper- 3.0 1 0 0 0 2 0
Clad ULTEM 5
polyimide 3.5 1 0 0 0 2 0
PolyimideQuarz 0 0 2 0
Polystyrene 2.6 1 1e-16 0 0 2 0
Porcelain 5.7 1 0 0 0 2 0
Quartz_glass 3.7 1 0 0 0 2 0
8
Rhodium 1 1 2.22e 0 0 2 0
7
Rogers RO3003 3 1 0 0 0 2 0
Rubber_hard 3 1 1e-15 0 0 2 0
Sapphire 10 1 0 0 0 2 0
Sheldahl 2.6 1 0 0 0 2 0
ComClad HF
Silicon 11. 1 0 0 0 2 0
9
Silicon_dioxide - 4 1 0 0 0 2 0
Silicon- - 7 1 0 0 0 2 0
NITRITE
Silver 1 0.9999 6.1e7 0 0 2 0
8
Solder 1 1 7e7 0 0 2 0
Steel_stainless 1 1 1.1e7 0 0 2 0
Taconic CER-10 10 1 0 0 0 2 0
Tantalum 1 1 6.3e7 0 0 2 0
Tantalum Nitride 1 1 7400 0 0 2 0
Teflon 2.1 1 0 0 0 2 0
Tin 1 1 8.67e 0 0 2 0
7
Titanium 1 1.0001 1.82e 0 0 2 0
8 7
Tungsten 1 1 0 0 2 0
Vacuum 1 1 0 0 0 2 0
Water_distilled . 81 0.9999 0.000 0 0 0 2 0
91 2
Zinc 1 1 1.67e 0 0 2 0
7
Zirconium 1 1 2.11e 0 0 2 0
7
(. 4.2)
.
.
. 4.2. HFSS Ansoft.
Add Materials ,
(. 4.3).
. 4.3.
,
. :
1. Adding a New
Material.
2. Options, ,
- .
3. Functions, ,
.
4. (. 4.4).
. 4.4.
HFSS
(. . 4.5),
, ..
. 4.5.
Edit Material (. 4.6) Simple.
(. 4.6):
,
Anisotropic Material.
,
,
,
.. (. . 4.6).
. 4.6.
,
, ,
,
.
, .
, ,
.
,
(. 4.7):
(Magnetic saturation)
G (Lande G factor)
H (Delta H)
. 4.7.
,
.
, . 4.7. . 4.7. ,
,
, , ..
4.2.
,
,
,
HFSS.
(Relative Permeability) -
.
, :
''
= ' 1 j
'
( 4.2)
/
.
''
= ' 1 j ( 4.4)
'
/ .
- ,
,
,
c
r r r
rotH = ( + j ) E = j c E , ( 4.5)
= 1 j tan j
. ( 4.6)
Relative
Permittivity.
c - ,
r.
(Bulk Conductivity)
HFSS
,
, ,
.
Solve Inside Properties.
Solve Inside,
() .
.
.
.
, ,
- . ,
,
. , -,
,
. ,
:
1
rot rotE = ( j + ) E . ( 4.7)
j
, , ,
.
, ,
, .
.
1 0 0 0
[ ] = 0 20 0 , ( 4.8)
0 0 3 0
1 -
.
2 - .
3 - .
0 .
H
B:
Bx H x
B = [ ] H
y y ( 4.9)
B z H z
, 1, 2, 3 Value T (1,1), T (2,2), T
(3,3), (. 4.7).
,
1, 2, 3.
.
1 0 0 0
[ ] = 0 2 0 0 , ( 4.10)
0 0 3 0
1 -
.
2 - .
3 - .
0 - .
D:
Dx Ex
D = [ ] E
y y ( 4.11)
Dz E z
, 1 , 2 , 3 T (1,1), T
(2,2), T (3,3). .
1 0 0
[ ] = 0 2 0 ,
(4.12)
0 0 3
1-
.
2 - .
3 - .
J
E :
J x Ex
J = [ ] E
y y ( 4.13)
J z E z
,
1, 2, 3 T (1,1), T (2,2), T (3,3), .
.
tan 1 0 0
[T ] = 0 tan 2 0 ,
( 4.14)
0 0 tan 3
1 , 2 3 - .
[T ]
[ ] , D E
:
Dx Ex
D = [ ] E
y y , ( 4.15)
D z E z
[ ] = [ ](E i[T ]) ,
E - , [ ] (4.10).
, tan 1 , tan 2 tan 3 .
Value T (1,1), T (2,2), T (3,3) .
[Tm ]
[ ] :
tan 1m 0 0
[Tm ] = 0 tan 2 m 0
( 4.16)
0 0 tan 3m
1m , 2 m 3m - .
B H :
Bx H x
B = [ ] H
y y ( 4.17)
B z H z
, tan M 1 , tan M 2 , tan M 3 T(1,1), T(2,2),
T(3,3). .
:
:
- .
.
,
.
, -.
:
t jk 0
= 0 jk t 0
(4.19)
0 0 1
(4.19) ,
0z. :
0 m
t = 1 +
02 2
(4.20)
0 m
k= 2
0 2 (4.21)
0 = m 0 H 0 (4.22)
m = m 0 M S (4.23)
m- ,
H 0 - ,
M S - ,
0 - .
.
(4.19) ,
.
(4.19) (, ,
). 0 :
0 = 0 (1 + j ) , (4.24)
:
0 H
=
2 , (4.25)
H - ,
. H
Delta H.
.
.
.
,
.
(Magnetic Saturation). ,
. ,
. s
.
. 4.10, , B-H
.
. 4.8. .
g , ,
,
.
-, g = 1.99 2.01. g
.
4.3.
.
-
,
,
. 4.9.
. 4.9 :
epsrlower -
20 - 50 GHz.
epsrupper -
20 - 50 GHz.
f lower - ,
.
f upper - ,
.
,
Piecewise Linear Material Input,
. , HFSS
,
.
- , ,
( DC)
( ).
Loss Model Material Input.
.
, 10 ,
.
:
( rstatic roptical )
rcomplex = roptical + ( 4.18)
1 + j
= .
rstatic = .
roptical =
.
HFSS ,
Loss Model Material Input (4.18),
.
.
,
.
4.4.
,
, (Magnetic Bias
Source). ,
.
.
.
,
.
.
,
Maxwell 3D Field Simulator.
,
- 0z
,
.
;
.
, ,
( ). ,
, .
Magnetic
Bias Source :
1. X
(X Angle).
2. Y
(Y Angle).
3.
(Z Angle).
. 4.10.
X. y '
( Y).
z '' ( Z).
(x" y" z")
.
. 4.10.
, X,
, z-
X . , X
Angle= 0, Y Angle=90, Z Angle=0.
, ,
.
, ,
.
Maxwell 3D Field Simulator
Ansoft .
, HFSS.
1. 3D ,
.
2. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Magnetic Bias.
Magnetic.
3. Name .
4. : Uniform
Non-uniform, Next.
5. Uniform, :
a. Internal Bias /.
.
b. ,
,
X Angle, Y Angle, Z Angle.
.
Non-uniform, Maxwell 3D
Field Simulator Project, Browse .
HFSS
.
6. Finish.
MaxwellEminence
MaxwellEminence - ,
Ansoft,
.
.
Maxwell Eminence
.
,
, S-
.
.
.
,
. S-
,
.
.
HFSS, ,
,
,
, , . HFSS
, .
,
.
5
HFSS Ansoft
, ,
,
.
. HFSS 9 :
Perfect E .
Perfect H ,
H- .
Impedance .
Radiation ,
.
PML ,
,
Finite
Conductivit
y
Symmetry ,
E H
Master , E-
E- (
slave)
Slave , E-
, E-
( Master)
Lumped
RLC , , -
Layered ,
Impedance
E ,
,
(infinite ground plane), ,
.
.
5.1. Perfect E
E
(). , :
1. ,
E .
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Perfect E. Perfect E
Boundary (. 5.1).
. 5.1.
3. Name,
PerfE.
4. Infinite Ground Plane, ,
.
.
5. OK. Boundary
.
5.2. Perfect H
Perfect H ,
. :
1. ,
H (. 5.2).
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Perfect H. Boundary
Perfect H.
3. Name,
.
. 5.2. Perfect H
( dra_diel Projects)
4. OK. Boundaries
.
5.3.
.
.
. :
1. , .
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Impedance.
Impedance Boundary (. 5.3).
3. Name,
.
. 5.3.
50 / 50 /
4. Resistance / Reactance /.
, Zs,
/. / , , Zs,
Z,
.
, L W
I, . V.
Z [].
. 5.4.
J, , ,
, ,
r r
n E Z s n J ,
E = Zs J (5.1)
r r
E = E J = J (. 5.4).
:
L
r r
V = EdL = EL
(5.2)
x =0
r w
I = y J xdy = JW
(5.3)
y =0
V EL
Z= = (5.4)
I JW
(5.1) (5.4)
:
L
Z = Zs (5.5)
W
, L = W,
. .
5.4.
( Driven Modal
Driven Terminal)
Radiation , ,
,
. HFSS Radiation,
, .
,
,
, , ,
.
, ,
Radiation, .
1. , ,
.
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Radiation.
Radiation Boundary (. 5.5). ,
(. 5.6).
3. Name.
4. OK.
Boundary.
. ,
.
.
. 5.5.
. 5.6. , .
5.5
1. PLM .
2. PML, PML.
, , ,
.
5. Uniform Layer
Thickness. .
7. Next.
HFSS PML , .
, PML,
HFSS, PML.
8. , PML,
(. 5.8):
a. PML Objects Accept Free Radiation, PML
. Min Frequency
.
9. PML
Minimum Radiating Distance.
, ,
PML . ,
.
PML
PML.
. 5.8. PML
11. Finish.
PML :
1. PML , .
2. Properties PML.
, PML, HFSS,
PML.
7. PML, ,
-, .
8. Next.
9. , PML ,
:
a. PML Objects Accept Free Radiation, PML
. Min Frequency
.
b. PML Objects Continue Guided Waves, PML
.
.
10. PML
Minimum Radiating Distance.
12. Finish.
PML
PML
:
PML. HFSS
PML.
PML z,
.
, PML .
HFSS PML,
. ,
. PML
,
.
. PML
.
. 45.
, PML.
PML:
1. , 3D Modeler.
3. PML ,
PML, .
4. PML.
5. Recalculate. HFSS
PML .
6. Finish.
, PML ,
PML
PML Setup Wizard. ,
PML, PML PML Setup
Wizard.
, PML
PML . PML
. 5.10.
.5.10. PML,
,
PML/ , x-, y- z- PML
(PML_X, PML_Y, PML_Z) .
PML_X:
[ ] = 1
C C (5.6)
[ ] = 1
C C
0 C 0 C
(5.7)
PML_Y:
[ ] = 1
C (5.8)
[ ] = 1
C
0 C 0 C
(5.9)
PML_Z:
[ ] = C
1 [ ] = C
1
0 C (5.10) 0 C (5.11)
C = a - jb.
, PML_X, PML x-
, PML yz . ,
PML_Y PML_Z PML y- z-.
PML ,
PML . ,
PML , PML,
, PML_X PML_Y,
PML_XY:
[ ] = [1 1 C2 ] [ ] = [1 ]
1 C 2 (5.13)
0 (5.12) 0
PLM x-
z- y- z- .
PML_XYZ:
[ ] = [ C]
[ ] = [ C]
0 (5.14) 0 (5.15)
PML,
- . ,
(PEC)
(PMC). PEC
.
5.5.4.
. ;
HFSS .
,
- ,
- , -
.
1. , ,
.
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Finite Conductivity.
Finite Conductivity Boundary (. 5.11).
3. Name.
4. :
Simens/m, .
Use Material, ,
.
- , ,
.
. 5.11.
6. OK. ,
- .
.
:
E = Z s ( n H ) (5.20)
:
E , ,
ZS - , ZS =( 1 + j ) / ( ) ,
n - , ,
H ,
- - ,
, = 2 /( ) ;
- ,
- ,
. .
.
,
.
,
.
, E-
, ,
.
,
,
. , HFSS ;
.
,
,
,
.
,
- ,
.
5.6.
E H
-.
, .
Driven Modal Eigenmode.
:
1. ,
(. 5.12).
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Symmetry.
Symmetry Boundary.
3. Name,
-.
4. : Perfect E Perfect H.
. 5.12.
5. Impedance Multiplier.
,
,
. Port Impedance
Multiplier (. 5.12).
7. OK.
, :
.
, 3D
Modeler.
.
.
E
H
, , ,
: E H:
, E-
, E .
, E- ,
H .
, . 5.13,
. E-
(TE10). ,
.
. 5. 13.
Perfect E. E-
, H- .
Perfect H. E- , H-
.
, , .
, - , E
; , E-
,
.
, ,
E- H- .
H E
.
, E- E-
(. 5.14).
E- Slave,
E-
Master.
.
0 90
. 5.14. Master Slave 90
, ,
, E
. ,
( ).
, :
.
.
. , Master -
, Slave
.
(. 5.15)
, . HFSS
; ,
. ,
,
,
,
.
()
,
. 5.15.
,
, ,
. HFSS ,
.
, HFSS Slave ,
. ,
Slave, . , ,
, .
, . 5.16.
. 5.16. ,
,
90 ;
, , . 5.17.
. 5.17
, .
, u v,
.
5.7.1. Master
, E-
E- Master
. E-
Master Slave, ,
.
1. , .
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Master.
Master Boundary.
3. Name.
4. , -
. U . HFSS
U,
, V-. V (.
5.18).
a. New Vector ( U).
Master Boundary , U.
b. U ,
, ,
X, Y, Z.
c. u-. Master
Boundary.
d. V, Reverse Direction.
. 5.18. UV
5. OK. HFSS E-
- , ,
.
5.7.2. Slave
Master Slave
. E- Slave,
E- Master
. :
1. , Slave.
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Slave.
Slave.
3. Name.
4. Master.
, ,
.
5. ,
. U .
HFSS U,
, V-.
V.
b. U ,
, ,
X, Y, Z.
c. u-. Boundary
Slave.
d. V, Reverse direction.
6. Next.
7. , E- Slave E-
Master :
Phi
Theta.
; ,
,
Phase Difference.
Field Radiation, ,
, E- Phase Difference. HFSS
E- Master, ,
Slave Master.
, phi, ,
.
E- Slave
E- Slave E-
. E- ;
.
, , ES,
, EM, ,
. ,
.
, (, )
.
= k ' r0 (5.21)
k' ,
r0 - ,
- .
, HFSS
.
. :
E S = e j E M (5.22)
, ES EM.
. ,
, .
5.8. RLC
,
, / , ,
, Lumped RLC boundary.
- R, L, C (. 5.19).
. 5.19. RLC
, lumped RLC
- :
Zs Rs + jXs,
Rs / .
Xs /.
n
Htan H-, .
, ,
- , R, L,
C. HFSS
RLC .
RLC
, , - ,
. - R, L,
. ,
RLC
: ,
,
, , .
:
1. , ,
RLC .
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Lumped RLC.
Lumped RLC Boundary (. 5.20).
. 5.20. RLC
3. Name.
4. :
, Resistance,
.
, Inductance,
.
, Capacitance,
.
, .
5. ,
. :
b. , ,
X, Y, Z.
c. , .
. ,
, , ,.
, Swap End Points Current Flow Line.
5.9.
,
.
,
, , HFSS
, , .
.
.
HFSS -
.
HFSS
,
.
,
.
1. ,
- .
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Layered Impedance.
Layered Impedance Boundary (.
5.21).
3. Name.
4. Surface Roughness .
,
- .
.
5. Next.
. 5.21. . 5.22.
1
2
6. :
,
:
a. Internal ( . 5.22).
b. Thickness/Type.
.
7. , vacuum,
.
8. :
b. Thickness/Type.
.
c. , Vacuum
.
9. , ,
.
10. ,
- , :
a. , Test Frequency
.
b. Calculate.
, HFSS.
11. Finish.
.
,
,
Z inputk +1ch( k d k ) + Z wk sh( k d k )
Z inputk = Z wk (5.24)
Z inputk +1 sh( k d k ) + Z wk ch( k d k )
Zinputk k- ,
0 rk
Z wk = - (5.25),
0 rk
ch ,
sh .
k = k 0 rk rk - (5.26),
k0 ,
rk k- .
rk k- .
rk = k j + epsr tan (5.27)
0
dk k .
surface roughness
.
. Ansoft
HFSS
:
= (5.29)
K w2
,
1.6
s
K w = 1 + exp , (5.30)
2h
h .
s -.
5. 10.
(),
Infinite ground plane E,
, .
.
.
, ,
, ,
, ,
. , ,
.
Infinite
ground plane,
.
,
, .
, :
.
.
.
.
.
:
- (Frequency-Dependent Boundaries)
(Default Boundary Assignments)
,
. - Freq.
,
Freq:
Impedance - Resistance Reactance.
Finite conductivity - Conductivity.
, .
Slave - Phase.
RLC R, L, C.
- ,
, .
, Freq
Discrete Interpolating.
Fast sweep, ,
.
, ,
:
smetal Perfect E ,
Solve Inside Properties
.
i_<object , ,
name> Solve Inside
Properties
. <object name> ,
outer ,
.
, HFSS ,
.
5.13.
, :
.
, .
,
Properties . ,
.
1. , ,
.
2. Edit Delete.
, HFSS Boundaries,
Delete All.
Design List:
3. Delete.
. ,
, .
, ,
,
. ,
. :
1. , ,
.
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Reassign. Reassign
Boundary.
3. , OK.
.
, , ,
(. 5.23).
, Reassign .
. 5.23. WavePort LumpPort
. ,
WavePort, Lumped Port.
,
HFSS .
, ,
, Reprioritize.
, .
, ,
. ,
.
1. HFSS>Boundaries>Reprioritize,
. HFSS>Excitations>Reprioritize,
.
Reprioritize Boundaries and Excitations (. 5.24).
, ,
.
. ;
.
. 5.24.
2.
.
, ,
.
,
.
1. , .
3. .
4. ,
Paste.
5.14.
, .
,
.
5.14.1.
2. Boundaries,
. Excitations,
.
3. Visibility ,
. , .
4. Visibility ,
.
,
.
5.14.2.
1. HFSS>Boundaries>Visualization,
. HFSS>Excitations>Visualization,
.
2. View Geometry, View
Name, View Vector, .
. .
5.14.3.
,
,
HFSS.
.
. 5.26.
2. Visibility .
3D
Modeler .
, Solver
Visibility Visible to Solver.
,
-
, Solver Visibility
Overridden.
3. , ,
.
4. ,
.
5.15.
,
" ".
" " HFSS,
.
" ",
:
1. .
2. " ".
3. .
4. .
Defaults (. 5.27).
. 5.27.
5.16.
HFSS ,
- , , ,
.
Driven:
Wave Port ,
.
Lumped ,
Port
.
Incident ,
Wave .
Voltage
Source .
Current
Source .
Magnetic ,
Bias
,
:
.
.
.
.
5.16.1.
,
. ,
.
, .. (modal)
(terminal).
,
E ,
.
, ,
.
. 5.28.
HFSS , , ,
,
, . S-, HFSS ,
(),
. ,
.
(. 5.28).
HFSS , .
. 1 ,
. , , 2
,
..
,
Lumped Port.
S- . S-
Y- Z-.
.
5.16.2. modal
, ,
,
, E-, .
, , E-
, ,
. .
, Polarize E Field, HFSS
(. 5.29).
. 5.29.
E-. E-
t = 0 .
, ,
Polarize E Field. ,
, .
E-, ,
:
E- .
, (
).
E-, .
.
1. , .
2. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Wave Port.
Wave Port (. 5.30).
3. Name,
, Next.
. 5.30.
4. , ,
Number of Modes, Update. mode
, (. 5.31).
. 5.31.
5. ,
:
a. .
b. , , Zpi,
Zpv, Zvi Characteristic Imp.
c. Polarize E Field, E-
( 1) .
6. Next.
7. ,
Renorm, (. 5.32).
8. , Deembed,
.
. , Get Distance
Graphically, .
. 5.32. S-
9. Finish.
. ,
,
.
,
, - .
.
5.16.3. Terminal
1. ,
(. 5.33).
2. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Wave Port.
Wave Port.
3. Name, ,
Next.
4. ,
Number of Terminals, Update.
,
. ,
.
5. ,
Next.
6. ,
, Next.
7. ,
Reference Impedance.
8. , Deembed,
, .
, Get Distance Graphically,
.
9. Finish.
.
.
. 5.33. (
). 4 : H11 , H11
E01 H21
5.17.
,
,
(. 5.34). S-
. ,
.
modal terminal.
.
. 5.34. ,
.
terminal, ,
.
.
Zs,
S-. Zs
; ,
V I, .
S-,
Zs
.
, S-
- 1, .
, (.
5.35), ,
,
.
. 5.35. ,
Bluetooth,
5.17.1. Terminal
: , .
,
, .
Ansoft Designer, , MWO ,
S- ,
. ,
,
:
1. ,
.
2. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Lumped Port.
Lumped Port (. 5.36).
. 5.36.
3. Name .
4. :
a.
Resistance.
b. Reactance,
- Next. .
5. , :
Zpi, Zpv Zvi Characteristic Imp, Finish.
5.17.2.
,
,
; ,
Zpv Zvi (. 5.37).
3. , ,
X, Y Z.
4. , (.
5.38).
.
Wave Port Lumped Port.
. 5.38. ,
5.17.3.
- , :
,
.
, ;
.
, Zpv Zvi .
, , ,
, . , ,
,
.
, .
5.17.4.
, ,
.
, .
2. , ,
.
4. , :
a. ,
, X, Y, Z.
b. .
, . Duplicate Port
Line.
5. , ,
Number of Duplicates. ,
,
, .
7. OK.
, .
5.17.5.
Modes
Wave Port Lumped Port.
:
,
None Line Integration.
5.17.6.
- .
1. Wave Port Lumped Port,
Terminals.
3. ,
X, Y, Z. Enter.
4. , .
, :
, ,
.
- .
.
.
, 1 ,
2.
, .
. ,
.
, ,
,
,
.
, ,
+ - .
; +,
- .
5.17.7.
, ,
.
.
2. , ,
.
4. , :
a.
, X, Y, Z.
b. , .
,
. Duplicate Port Line.
5. Number of Duplicates.
, ,
.
7. OK. , .
Swap Endpoints Terminal Line.
.
None Terminal
Line.
5.18.
,
, ,
- .
,
.
- ,
Zo ,
.
, (. 5.41).
,
.
.
, HFSS,
.
vd v
,
v1 v2,
Wave Port (. 5.40).
. 5.40. Differential Pairs
vd vC
v1 + v 2
v d = v1 v 2 vc = (5. 31)
2
,
, id iC
,
i1 i2
id = ic = i1 + i2 (5. 32)
2
(5.14) (5.15)
v = Qe (5. 33)
i = Q T u
v i1 v i
v = 1, i = , e = d , u = d
v 2 i2 vc ic
-Q - , ,
1 / 2 1
Q= (5.34)
1 / 2 1
Q T - , Q ,
1 1 / 2
Q T = (5.35)
1 1 / 2
(5.35),
.
. 5.41.
, L/4
,
.
(Y) (Z) ,
, .
e u,
(5.31, 5.32), Y Z ,
.
, i= Yv, (5.35),
Q- Tu = YQe (5.36).
u = QTYQe (5.37)
Y ', e u,
Z.
S-
, S-
,
. S-
, .
.
,
,
() ,
v1 zref 0 i1
(1)
v = 0 ( 2)
zref (5.39)
2 i2
(1) ( 2)
zref z ref - . ,
,
vd z ref 0 id
(d )
v = 0 (c) (5.40).
c z ref ic
(d ) (c )
, z ref z ref
, .
,
, .
(. 5.42):
2. New Pair.
3. .
4. .
5. Differential Mode,
Name,
Ref. Z.
6. Common Mode, :
a. Name.
b.
Ref. Z.
. 5.42.
, HFSS ,
- S-
Matrix Solution Data.
5.19.
() ,
. :
1. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Incident Wave.
Incident Wave (. 5.43).
2. Name,
.
3. k, E-,
E0, Cartesian Spherical ,
Next.
. 5. 43.
4. Cartesian, :
a. x-, y-, z- k X, Y, Z (. 5.43).
b. E0 Vector X, Y, Z.
.
5. Spherical, (. 5.44):
a. Phi, Start, Stop, Points ( ).
View, .
b. Theta, Start, Stop, Num Points.
c. E0 Phi Theta.
. 5. 44.
, .
,
. , ,
, Num Point.
6. Finish.
,
:
k E .
phi Theta .
phi Theta E .
k, E-, E0,
, :
, z
, (0, 0, 1) k vector.
E0 .
k E0; , k E0
, .
E-,
, :
Points . ,
0 180 10, 19 18
.
,
.
5.20.
,
- .
, , ,
,
. , HFSS
,
.
1. ,
.
2. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Voltage. Voltage
Source (. 5.45).
3. Name, .
4. , , Magnitude.
.
. 5.45.
5. , .
New Line E-Field Direction.
Voltage Source , .
, ,
X, Y, Z. ,
. .
6. OK.
, , (v i)
(. 5.46).
. 5.46.
, ,
:
1. Excitations
. Voltage Source.
2. .
3. E- Swap Endpoints
E-Field Direction. E-
; .
5.21.
,
. ,
,
, (.
5.47).
1. ,
.
2. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Current.
Current Source.
. 5. 47. ,
3. Name.
4. , ,
Magnitude. .
5. , :
a. New Line Current Flow Direction.
Current Source , .
b. , ,
X, Y, Z.
c. , .
.
6. OK.
, , (v i)
.
5.22.
,
, , ..
.
, (. 4).
1. ,
.
2. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Magnetic Bias.
.
3. Name.
4. Uniform
Non-uniform, Next.
5. Uniform, :
a. Internal Bias / .
.
b. xyz-
X Angle, Y Angle, Z Angle.
.
Non-uniform, :
6. Finish.
.
5.23.
, :
Excitations .
,
(. 5.48).
,
Properties .
, .
HFSS, List. Design List.
Excitations,
.
. 5. 48.
1. , ,
.
2. Edit Delete.
:
HFSS Excitations, Delete All.
Design List:
1. HFSS, List. Design List.
2. Excitations, ,
.
3. Delete.
. ,
,
. ,
,
,
. ,
.
1. , ,
.
2. HFSS>Excitations>Reassign. Reassign
Excitation.
3. , OK.
.
5.24.
,
, .
2. Impedance Multiplier.
.
3. OK.
5.25. S-
,
S- (
Wave Port.).
Wave Port, Wave port
, Post Processing.
S-
:
1.
, .
Wave Port.
2. Post Processing.
3.
50 . Renorm,
Value.
4. OK, . ,
,
.
,
- , ..
. ( Wave Port.).
,
Wave Port, ,
Post Processing.
S-:
1. ,
.
Wave Port.
2. Post Processing.
3. Deembed, ,
Distance.
.
.
.
4. OK, .
, S-.
,
S-.
HFSS, ,
,
. .
, .
.
6
HFSS
,
HFSS, .
,
. , .
, HFSS :
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. , .
5. ,
.
6. Driven solution, -
, ,
.
, , .
, , ,
.
Driven S-
Modal ,
, ,
() .
Driven S- ,
Terminal ,
,
.
.
Eigenmode ,
. Eigenmode
.
. 6. 1. General HFSS
Options
Sx + k o2Tx = b (6. 1)
:
S T - , .
x .
ko .
b - , .
Eigenmode
. Eigenmode
, ,
.
, Eigenmode
(6.1) b =0 :
Sx + ko2Tx = 0 . (6.2)
x - , ko
, .
ko :
ko c
f = (6.3)
2
.
Eigenmode :
: , ,
, , .
.
.
S-.
.
6.2. HFSS
S- , HFSS :
.
.
, ,
.
S-
.
(. 6.2)
:
1. HFSS .
.
2. (lambda
refinement), HFSS ,
.
3. , .
4. , HFSS
.
. 6.2. ,
.
6. , HFSS
,
. (. 6.3).
7. HFSS , .
8. HFSS , (
) ,
(. 6.3).
9. , HFSS
.
.
, HFSS ,
. ,
(. 6.5, 6.6).
HFSS .
, , .
, ,
, . ,
,
.
, ,
, . HFSS
.
, , ,
,
(. 6.7).
(), ,
, .
10 , .
, ,
(background). ()
, ,
.
,
.
. 6.7. ()
6.4. . Meshmaker
HFSS -
, HFSS
, ,
.
( )
,
. ,
, , -
,
, .
HFSS
. , Mesh Operations
HFSS (. 6.8).
. 6.8.
,
(, )
(, - -).
.
, ,
,
.
, .
, ,
.
.
, HFSS
Meshmaker.
, .
Meshmaker
,
. Meshmaker
.
,
.
.
:
,
(
). ,
,
.
,
.
.
6.4.1.
,
,
.
.
.
,
.
, , .
6.4.2. -
-
, HFSS
.
.
- ,
(. 6.9).
6.9. -
-, HFSS
, ,
-.
, (P0, P1, P2, ...,
Pn) , n . P0 - ,
P0 Pn -.
, ,
, Pn P0.
, :
-: 12 mm
: 4
[P0,P1]: 0.8 mm.
[P1,P2]: 1.6 mm.
[P2,P3]: 3.2 mm.
[P3,P4]: 6.4 mm.
[P0,P4]: 0.8 + 1.6 + 3.2 + 6.4 = 12 mm.
-
,
.
,
:
,
-.
,
,
, .
,
.
6.5.
HFSS ,
-, , , .
true surfaces ( ).
, HFSS
-.
,
(. 6.11).
. 6.11.
,
;
. ,
. ,
.
.
,
(
).
.
,
.
,
(. 6.12).
,
, (surface
deviation), ,
Surface Approximation
( HFSS>Mesh Operations>Assign>Surface Approximation).
.
, ,
(true surfaces). ,
,
.
. 6.12. ,
, :
,
,
.
.
.
,
,
, .
HFSS ,
1,
. 1
- . HFSS
4 1.2
.
6.5.1.
1. ,
. , , HFSS
.
. 6. 13.
3. Name,
.
4. , :
a. Restrict Length of Elements.
b. ,
, Maximum Length of Elements.
" " 20 %
.
HFSS ,
,
, .
5. ,
:
a. Restrict the Number of Elements.
b. Maximum Number of Elements, .
c. OK.
(. 6.14),
. ,
.
. 6.14.
6.5.2.
1. , .
2. HFSS>Mesh Operations>Assign>On Selection>Length-Based.
Element Length-Based Refinement (. 6.15).
3. Name.
4. :
a. Restrict Length of Elements.
b. Maximum
Length of Elements.
" " 20 %
,
. HFSS ,
.
5. ,
:
a. Restrict the Number of Elements.
b. Maximum Number of Elements, .
c. OK.
. 6.15.
6.5.3.
-
1. , .
.
3. Name.
4. Skin Depth.
, , ,
, ,
. :
a. Calculate Skin Depth. Calculate Skin Depth.
b. Relative Permeability Conductivity .
c. Frequency,
.
d. OK. HFSS
Skin Depth.
6.
Surface Triangle Length. " " 20
% ,
.
. 6. 16.
-
7. ,
:
a. Restrict the Number of Surface Elements.
b. Maximum Number of Surface Elements,
, .
c. OK.
,
, .
6.5.4.
HFSS ,
.
HFSS , ,
.
1. ,
. ,
.
2. HFSS>Mesh Operations>Assign>Surface Approximation.
Surface Approximation (. 6.17).
. 6. 17.
3. Name,
.
6. Aspect Ratio, :
Ignore,
.
Use defaults,
,
10 200 .
Set aspect ratio, .
.
. , 1 ,
.
7. OK. ,
.
Mesh Operations.
6.5.5.
,
, .
,
.
,
. HFSS Analysis Setup,
Revert to Initial Mesh. ,
, ,
.
6.5.6.
,
, :
. ,
, .
6.6.
, ,
.
,
.
:
1. .
General .
Advanced
.
Ports
( ).
Default
HFSS
3. General (. 6.18).
. 6.18. General
4. Driven, :
a. Solution Frequency .
b. , Solve Ports Only ( ).
Eigenmode, :
a. Minimum Frequency .
b. .
5. , 2
Maximum Number of Passes,
.
, 0
. 1 ,
, .
6. OK.
7. , .
6.6.1.
( Driven)
Driven,
. ,
. ,
.
6.6.2.
( Eigenmode)
Eigenmode, ..
,
, . HFSS
,
Minimum Frequency, .
6.6.3.
,
General Solution Setup:
,
.
Advanced Solution Setup,
:
Lambda refinement
Percent refinement per pass
Minimum number of passes
Minimum number of
converged passes
Matrix convergence
Reduced solution basis
. 6.19. ,
6.6.4.
( )
Delta S S-
.
, Maximum Delta S Per Pass -
.
S-
,
.
,
, ,
.
,
, .
( , ,
, . 6.19. )
Delta E - ( E ),
.
, Maximum Delta E Per Pass -
. Delta E
,
. , ,
.
Delta E
:
General Solution Setup,
Maximum Delta E Per Pass.
Delta E , HFSS
.
( Eigenmode)
6.6.8.
Lambda Refinement
Lambda Refinement
, ,
. .
, HFSS
:
2. Target.
0.33, , HFSS ,
.
3. ,
, Use free space lambda.
Lambda, , .
Percent Refinement Per Pass
, ,
, , .
Advanced Solution Setup, Minimum
Number of Passes.
, ,
.
Advanced Solution Setup, Minimum
Converged Passes.
, .
6.6.9.
( )
,
S-.
Matrix Convergence. ,
, ,
.
. 6. 20.
3. Entry Selections:
All
Diagonal
.
Off-Diagonal ,
.
Selected
Entries
All .
All, Diagonal, Off-Diagonal
Dominant .
Only All, Diagonal, Off-Diagonal,
Off-Diagonal.
Higher
Order Only . All, Diagonal,
Off-Diagonal. ,
, 100,000 ,
.
6. Selected Entries, :
a.
.
b.
.
. 6.21.
6. Magnitude ,
.
7. Phase, , ,
,
.
8. Insert Entries. .
9. OK.
6.7.
HFSS
:
Advanced Solution Setup,
Use Low-Order Solution Basis.
6.8.
HFSS ( ),
, .
.
(. 6.22):
Port.
.
.
. 6. 22.
Min/Max.
, General Solution Setup, Solve
Ports Only.
( )
HFSS ,
,
Port Field Accuracy.
, Ports
Solution Setup, Port Field Accuracy
. , " ".
,
.
,
.
:
6.9.1.
( Driven)
,
.
HFSS .
,
.
:
1. HFSS Analys Setup, Add Sweep.
2. OK.
Edit Sweep.
3. :
Sweep type - ,
Error tolerance ( )
Maximum (
number of )
solutions
Frequency .
points
Frequency , .
points
4. SPICE,
Full-Wave SPICE Calculation ( Time Domain Calculation),
.
6. OK.
6.9.2.
:
Fast
.
,
. Fast
.
Discrete
.
Interpola .
ting , ,
,
Fast .
.
Fast sweep ,
.
Fast sweep
.
HFSS ,
, ..
, Fast
sweep.
Lanczos-Pade (ALPS)
.
HFSS ,
(,
, ).
.
, HFSS ,
,
,
, . ,
. ,
, Fast
sweeps (. 6.23).
, S- ;
, Fast sweeps
.
, Fast sweep ,
, .
. Fast sweep,
. ,
, , .
Fast sweep .
6.9.4.
( Interpolating sweeps)
Error Tolerance
.
0.5 .
Interpolating:
Edit Sweep, Error Tolerance.
Max Solutions ,
.
Edit Sweep, Max Solutions.
6.9.5.
Discrete sweep
. ,
1000 2000 , 2.5,
1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000 .
,
, 2000 . Save Fields,
. S-
.
Discrete sweep ,
.
HFSS ,
, , ,
.
.
, ,
, .
,
. , ,
.
6.9.6.
2. Start, .
HFSS , Start ,
Stop.
3. Stop, .
4. Step Size, . HFSS
,
.
, 10 , 20 ,
2.5 , HFSS 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5,
20. ,
,
.
6.9.7.
4. Count .
Count . HFSS
Count.
6. Discrete Fast, Save Fields (All
Frequencies),
,
.
, Single Points Type , Save
Fields .
6.9.8.
. HFSS ,
,
( . 6.24 |S11|>1).
,
.
, ,
.
. 6.25.
, ,
, Fast sweep
. ,
, .
. ,
- , ,
. ,
.
6.9.9.
5. 2 - 4 .
,
. ,
. :
2. , .
3. Single,
.
4. Save Fields, ,
.
6. Insert.
6.9.10. SPICE
SPICE,
Full-Wave SPICE Calculation,
.
:
2.
Signal rise time.
, Ansoft
Designer.
t =
N
t - ,
- ,
N - .
6. Calculate.
. 6.26.
6. OK,
Edit Sweep.
SPICE
,
:
, .
,
. ,
.
, ,
, , .
, , 500 .
SPICE,
. ,
1000
.
.
,
.
, HFSS
- .
, ,
.
, ,
.
6.10.
- .
,
.
2 4 .
,
HFSS Options. ,
1.
2. Solver (. 6.27).
3. Number of Processors.
HFSS.
,
, .
. 6. 27.
,
, . Memory Limit Hard
,
HFSS.
, , ,
.
, HFSS :
1. Tools, Options, HFSS Options (. 6.28).
2. Solver.
4. , . HFSS
, .
HFSS. ,
, ,
, .
6.11.
, ,
. ,
,
.
(remote machine) , ,
(local machine).
6.11.1.
:
HFSS Ansoft .
(Configure
Distributed COM -DCOM) .
.
. 6.28.
6.11.2.
1.
.
2. Start>Run dcomcnfg.
3. OK, DCOM.
, ,
- Windows NT /2000 Windows XP.
Windows NT/2000
, :
, HFSSEngineClass :
Start/Run, command ,
.
<installation directory>\hfss9.
hfsscomengine RegServer,
HFSS COM.
f. Security, Permissions,
, Interactive . ,
, ,
, .
:
2. Edit , Interactive
,
, . (
Everyone, ,
).
Add , .
List Names From, ,
.
,
Show Users.
, ,
, Type of Access .
OK, Add Users.
user/group Registry Value Permissions.
3. OK, .
g. OK, DCOM
HFSS COM.
h. OK, DCOM.
Windows XP
, :
, HFSSEngineClass :
Start/Run, command,
.
<installation directory>\hfss9.
HFSScomengine -RegServer, HFSS COM
Engine.
g. Security, ,
, Interactive . ,
,
- , .
Customize.
Edit
- ,
, .
Everyone, ,
.
h. OK, DCOM
HFSS COM Engine.
6.11.3.
HFSS
DCOM,
, , .
HFSS:
1. ,
HFSS Engine DCOM.
2. HFSS.
4. , . C:\Temp.
, .
6. , , ,
. ,
, .
, HFSS.
6. Windows,
Everyone Temporary HFSSBin.
,
.
.
CLSID HFSS, OK, CLSID.
. Launching user This user
. ,
.
Permissions ( Permissions Sharing).
Security ( Security).
6.11.4.
:
1. HFSS ,
HFSS v9 (local machine).
2. HFSS ,
.
3. , Tools/Options/General Options.
4. Analysis Options.
6. OK, Options.
7. , .
8. , HFSS>Analyze.
Remote Analysis.
9. , ,
OK.
6.12.
, ,
.
1. .
2. HFSS Analyze.
HFSS .
, ,
. ,
.
:
1. , , , Analysis.
2. HFSS, Analyze.
, .
6.12.1.
,
Progress.
(. 6.29):
, HFSS>Analysis Setup>Convergence.
S-,
, , HFSS>Analysis
Setup>Profile.
,
, HFSS>Results>Browse Solutions.
. 6.29. Convergence
Solution Data
6.12.2.
,
.
HFSS,
, , HFSS
.
:
1. ,
Progress, Change Priority .
2. Change Priority, :
Lowest Priority
Below Normal
Normal
Above Normal
Highest.
,
,
. , RAM
24 , .
.
6.12.3.
, :
6.12.4.
,
, .
X
Results.
,
, Analyze
HFSS.
Analyze.
,
, ,
,
,
, .
,
. ,
, , ,
,
.
7
T-
,
- . , HFSS
:
.
.
.
.
.
HFSS.
S-.
.
.
7.1.
, , -
1.
. 7.1. -
1,
1 2 3. S21, S31
0.7. 1
.
S21 S31
1. , ,
,
.
,
:
.
- .
. ,
,
Properties.
.
. ,
.
.
Ctrl+D,
.
. ,
.
. HFSS Ansoft ,
.
. , ,
,
.
,
(Optimetrics).
,
. ,
,
.
7.2.
,
*.hfss.
, HFSS. HFSS,
.
1. HFSS.
Project Manager Projectn . ,
.. .
. 7.2.
3. , ,
, C:\Ansoft\HFSS9\Projects,
.
4. Tee , Save.
Projects Tee.hfss.
HFSS ,
, HFSS: File
New.
HFSS
HFSS .
2. :
HFSSModel_n , Rename .
3. TeeModel, Enter.
. 7.3.
.
,
. , Driven Modal
, S-
, .
, ,
Tools>Options> General Options (. 7.5).
. 7.5.
Expand Project Tree on Insert. Project
Manager , ,
View > Project Manager.
. 7.6.
1. 3D Modeler, Units.
7.3.
T-
:
T- - .
.
, -
.
,
- .
.
.
-.
- .
, . ,
, .
,
. ,
-.
,
.
1. Draw, Box .
2. (0, -0.45,
0):
a. Tab, X -.
b. 0 X (. 7.8) , Tab,
Y.
c. -0.45 Y, Tab.
d. 0 Z, Enter.
. 7.8.
3. ,
: (2, 0.9, 0) dX, dY, dZ.
Enter.
4. , Z
. (0, 0, 0.4) dX, dY, dZ,
Enter.
, Shift+Tab.
, TeeModel ,
Undo Edit, . HFSS
, .
Properties, Command.
(. 7.9) .
. 7.9. ,
Properties ,
, .
1. Properties, Attribute.
2. Tee: Tee Value
Name, Enter.
, Properties, ,
, Tools>Options>3D Modeler Options.
Options 3D Modeler, Drawing,
Edit Property of new primitives.
, , - . ,
-. , vacuum -
Materal.
. 7.10. ,
, .
1. Transparent. Set
Transparency.
.7.11.Tee
2. 0.4 (. 7.12),
OK.
. 7.12.
3. OK, Properties.
3D Modeler Tee. ,
, .
,
yz x = 2. , ,
.
.
HFSS
.
1. , F.
2. , YZ X =
2, . 7.13.
. 7.13. ,
3. 3D Modeler
Assign Excitation>Wave Port . Wave Port.
7. (2, 0, 0.4)
(. 7.15). Wave Port.
. 7.15.
WavePort1
8. ,
Next.
, Alt+Shift,
. ,
.
9. , Finish.
,
-.
. , ,
,
HFSS
Options ( Tools). , Duplicate
boundaries with geometry (. 7.16).
. 7.16.
, T-
1. EE ,
Edit>Duplicate>Around Axis .
2. 90 , .
3. 90 Angle.
.
4. 2 Total Number. - ,
, .
5. OK. ee ,
Tee_1, . Z 90 (.
7.18).
, , ,
, , ,
(. 7.19).
. 7.18.
, Port1 .
Port2 , Exitation
.
7. Ctrl+D,
.
. 7.19. WavePort1
, Tee
Tee_1.
, ,
-90 Angle (. 7.20).
(. 7.21).
. 7.20.
,
.
: Save File.
. 7.21.
-
,
-.
, , HFSS
,
clone before unite
Options 3D Modeler (. 7.22).
. 7.22. Operation
3. , O.
4. , .
5. Ctrl .
7. 3D Modeler, Boolean ( ),
Unite .
(.7.23). (. 7.24) ,
.
. 7.23. 3 ,
. 7.24. 3-
,
-. ,
y.
,
Properties.
1. Draw, Box .
2. 3D Modeler:
, ,
.
, Properties,
Command.
(. 7.25).
(-0.45, 0, 0), ( 0.45,
0.1, 0), ( 0, 0, 0.4).
. 7.25.
. 7.26. -
1. Tee , -.
2. Ctrl Septum ,
.
Subtract. Box1
Tool Parts, Tee Blank Parts, ,
(. 7.27).
T-
(. 7.28).
. 7.28. -
7.4.
,
y: offset - 0.05, offset ,
(. 7.29). offset , ,
, Add
Variable, offset.
. 7.29. offset
,
.
1. Properties, Command, 0.45 Xsize.
2. 0.1 Ysize.
3. 0.4 Zsize.
, ,
.
Properties (.
7.31), ,
, Design Properties.
. 7.31.
1. Properties Attribute (. 7.32).
3. OK.
. 7.32. .
4. , , .
Alt, ,
-.
7.5.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7.5.1.
HFSS
10 GHz. , HFSS
-,
.
1. , TeeModel,
Analysis, Add Solution Setup .
Solution Setup (. 7.33).
Analysis.
Setup1 .
,
.
7.5.2.
,
Interpolating. , HFSS
, ,
.
, HFSS
.
, .
1. Setup1 , Add
Sweep. Edit Sweep.
2. Interpolating.
10 GHz.
, HFSS
.
Setup1
Sweep1 .
Display, , .
7.5.3.
, , ,
, .
2. Close . .
7.6.
,
1.
HFSS, Analyze.
HFSS
. , Setup1 - .
1 - 5 .
, Message Manager.
, Message Manager
.
View>Message Manager,
.
Progress,
Progress , Tools>Options>HFSS Options.
.
, Tools>Options>HFSS Options.
General, Save bevore solving.
7.6.1.
, ,
offset.
1. TeeModel ,
4. OK.
:
, 2.
,
-, 2.
.
Analysis ,
Analyze. HFSS .
, , 1 - 5
.
,
x-y S-. :
S-.
T-.
.
,
.
7.6.2. S-
, S-
.
1. Results ,
Create Report. Create Report.
2. Modal S Parameters Report Type (. 7.36).
. 7.36.
4. Y, Y:
a. Category, S parameters.
b. Quantity, Ctrl S (Port1, Port1), S (Port1, Port2), S
(Port1, Port3), . 7.37.
c. Function, mag.
. 7.37. S-
6. Sweeps. Freq,
, (. 7.39).
8. Add Trace, .
, .
.
9. Done. S-
x-y,
. 7.40.
Result .
. 7.40. -
S-,
offset = 0.
S- offset = 0.2
. Traces
Properties .
, S110.2 1,
offset = 0,
1.
0.7 2 3.
, 1
, offset = 0.2 ,
0.2 2. 2
3 .
,
.
, Trace
Properties, .
:
. Trace Properties
Line Style, Show Symbols On All Trace,
2 . , ,
,
.
Under the Color ,
, RGB.
7.6.3.
-
(. 7.41). E-
- . ,
1.
. 7.41. -
offset = 0. :
1. , Property . View>
Property Window.
2. TeeModel .
3. Variables Properties, offset= 0 Value
, Enter.
,
.
2. :
, Select Faces .
3. T- .
4. HFSS>Fields>Plot Fields>Mag_E.
Create Field Plot.
5. Setup1:LastAdaptive ,
.
7. Done.
- E-,
2 3.
Field Overlays.
Mag_E1, Create Field Plot .
Mag_E1 E-,
1. .
3D Modeler
, ,
. ,
,
Modify Log Scale.
7.6.4.
,
,
. ,
, ,
. :
1. Mag_E1 ,
Animate. Setup Animation.
3. , :
a. Start =0deg .
b. Stop =160deg.
c. Steps= 8.
4. OK.
.
2 3.
Animation ,
, ,
.
8
0 160.
5. Animation, .
GIF
Audio Video (AVI), Export
Animation.
2,
E- .
1. TeeModel .
Animation,
.
HFSS
, !
, TEE,
.
1. Animation, ,
Close.
2. .
3. File, Close.
4. File, Exit.
, 13 ,
. HFSS
,
. , ,
HFSS , Hewlett
Pacard Agilent.
8
, , , ..,
( )
.
( ),
( ).
,
, :
,
, S-,
( Results->Solution Data).
(Eigenmode),
.
(. 8.1).
. 8.1. . 8.2.
Eigenmode ( ) .
10x23 7.1388
Optimetrics.
-
(. 8.2).
S- ,
.
(.
8.3).
,
.
. 8. 3.
Solution Data,
,
:
HFSS, Results, Solution Data.
Results ,
Solution Data (. 8.4). ,
, ,
. 8.5.
. 8.4. Results
1. ,
, Convergence ()
. Solution Data Convergence
(. 8.6)
2. Simulation, ,
(Setup1). ,
.
. 8.6.
3. Convergence, ,
:
.
, .
Max Mag. Delta S .
delta E .
.
.
delta frequency .
4. , Table,
Plot (. 8.6).
8.2.
,
(
). ,
. ,
CONVERGED, NOT CONVERGED.
8.2.1. S
( )
,
S-
.
,
.
, delta S
:
, ,
, Convergence
. Solution Data,
Convergence.
Max Mag. Delta S
S . Max Mag. Delta S
S
(Target urrent).
8.2.2. Delta Magnitude E
( , ,
. )
Delta S S-
, S-
.
,
, S-
E .
. Delta E
, .
Delta Magnitude E:
, ,
, Convergence
. Solution Data. Convergence.
Delta Mag. E E
.
Delta Mag. E Delta E
.
,
S,
Matrix Convergence. ,
.
:
, ,
, Convergence
. Solution Data. Convergence.
Magnitude Margin
-.
8.2.4. Phase Margin
( ,
S-)
,
, Matrix
Convergence. ,
.
:
,
, Convergence
. Solution Data. Convergence.
. 8.7. S11
Phase Margin
(. 8.7).
8.3.
( Eigenmode)
,
, . -
.
, .
:
,
, Convergence
. Solution Data. Convergence.
Max Delta Freq. %
(. 8.8).
Max Delta Freq. %
(0.1)
(0.28596).
,
, HFSS .
(Profile).
,
.
, ,
, Profile .
Solution Data. Profile.
(. 8.9).
. 8.9. Profile,
:
Task
(, ),
Real Time .
, .
CPU Time
Memory
. ,
; HFSS.
, .
Information ,
, .
S-
S-, Z-, Y-
, ,
:
1. , ,
, Matrix Data .
Solution Data. Matrix Data(. 8.10).
. 8.10. Solution Data
3. Simulation,
; ,
, .
4. , : S-matrix, Y-matrix,
Z-matrix, Gamma ( ), Zo
( ).
6. ,
All Freqs. ,
All Frequencies, .
, ,
Solution Setup. ,
.
, Edit Freqs.
Fast Interpolating. Edit
Frequencies, ,
Matrix Data. .
8.4.
. 8.10 Export,
. :
1. ,
, Matrix Data .
Solution Data. Matrix Data.
2. , : S-matrix, Y-matrix,
Z-matrix, Gamma, Zo.
3. Export. .
4. , , File
name.
5. Save as type.
6. Save. .
. 8.11.
8.4.1.
S-, Driven
Terminal PSpice, HSPICE, Maxwell Spice.
PSpice, HSPICE, Maxwell Spice
.
1. , Solution Data,
Matrix Data .
. Interpolating
Fast Matrix Data ( Edit Freqs
Edit Sweep),
.
. ,
,
.
,
.
2. Equivalent Circuit Export. Equivalent Circuit
Export Options.
3. , .
4. Format:
Data Table .
(spreadsheet) S-, ,
(*.tab) .
Touchstone S Touchstone/Libra,
(*.sNp) n. ,
Touchstone, ,
.s1p.
PlanarEM/HFSS , Ensemble
v6+ (*.szg) Planar EM v. 6 , Ansoft HFSS
v. 6 , Maxwell Strata v. 1.1.
8.5.
(Eigenmode)
Q, :
1. , ,
, Eigenmode Data
. Solution Data. Eigenmode Data.
2. Simulation,
.
.
Frequency (
) .
Eigenmode Q,
() ,
.
4. Do Deletions. , ,
. , ,
, X . ,
.
, , !
8.6.
. 8.13.
, ,
:
, Optimetrics,
, View Analysis
Result (. 8.13).
Post Analysis Display.
. 8.14.
,
, ,
,
Set Design Variation.
Solution Data (. 8.15).
. 8.15.
2. Design Variation.
Set Design Variation (. 8.15).
4. ,
, OK.
.
8.6.1.
,
,
(. 8.16).
, .
:
1. , Optimetrics,
, View Analysis Result
. Post Analysis Display.
2. Profile.
3. Optimetrics ,
.
4. ,
, :
a. .
b. Solver Profile.
Solution Data.
.
. 8.16. General
8.6.2.
1. ,
, ,
View Analysis Result .
Post Analysis Display.
2. ,
, .
3. , Table .
.
5. ,
Apply. , 3D Modeler ,
.
8.6.3.
(x - y) :
1. ,
, ,
View Analysis Result . Post Analysis Display.
. 8.17. ,
2. ,
.
3. , Plot .
4. ,
x-, X.
5.
. ,
,
.
, ,
:
6. , y-
Y. x -y (. 8.18).
. 8.18.
Traces
(. 8.19).
. 8.19.
8.6.4.
.
. :
1. Setup Optimization,
,
View Analysis Result .
Post Analysis Display.
2. ,
, .
. 8.20.
4. , ,
Apply. , 3D Modeler, ,
.
Revert,
.
8.6.5.
:
1. ,
, ,
View Analysis Result. Post
Analysis Display.
2. ,
.
3. Results, Plot .
(. 8.21).
. 8.21.
8.7.
:
1. ,
, ,
View Analysis Result . Post
Analysis Display.
2. , ,
.
3. Result, Table .
:
, Func. Value.
1st D.
2nd D.
4. Apply.
3D Modeler ,
.
Revert,
.
1. ,
, ,
View Analysis Result .
Post Analysis Display (. 8.23).
. 8.23.
2. ,
, .
3. Result, Plot .
4.
x, ,
X.
5. ,
, Y.
x y Post Analysis Display (. 8.23).
.
, .
-
, .
8.8.
(. 8.24)
.
:
1. ,
, ,
, View Analysis
Result . Post Analysis Display.
2. ,
, .
3. Table .
.
4. , ,
Apply ( ).
, 3D Modeler ,
.
. 8.24.
1. , ,
,
, View Analysis Result .
Post Analysis Display.
2. ,
, .
3. Plot .
4. ,
X.
5. ,
Y, Y.
Post Analysis Display.
(. 8.33).
. 8.25.
8.9.
, ,
,
HFSS -> Field ->Edit Sources.
. 8.26.
2. , ,
. Terminal, ,
.
3. Magnitude, ,
.
4. Phase, .
.
5. Terminal,
. Terminated,
/
Resistance /
Reactance.
. 8.27.
6. (. 8.28)
:
Scattered ,
Fields .
Total Fields ,
.
Incident
Fields .
. 8.28.
8. OK.
.
, .
, ( )
180.
, ,
.
, ,
:
, .
,
t = 0,
.
.
,
. ,
, 0.5
1 ;
, 0.25
1 , ..
" " 1.
E- H- ,
1 .
, .
.
. 8. 29.
.
, , 0.
,
.
E- \.
E-, E-
.
8.10.
,
,
.
, , ,
- , -
. ,
.
Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) (AVI) Audio Video
Interleave.
8.10.1.
:
1. .
2. HFSS Fields Animate.
3. ,
Select Animation. New. Setup
Animation.
. 8.30.
4. Name,
.
5.
Description.
6. Swept Variable, Phase Swept Variable.
8. , :
a. Start.
b. Stop.
c. . , Start = 10,
Stop = 160, 10, 10
10 160.
,
11.
8. OK.
.
,
, ,
.
8.10.2.
1. , () .
Create Field Plot, ,
Solution.
3. , Select
Animation. New. Setup Animation.
4. Name, .
5. Description.
8. ,
.
Shift, , Ctrl,
, .
8. OK:
.
, .
(. 8.31),
,
.
. 8.31.
8.10.3.
,
.
1. , View
Animate. Select Drawing (. 8.32).
. 8.32.
2. , .
Setup Animation.
3. Name,
(. 8.33).
. 8.33.
4. ,
Description.
5. Swept Variable Swept Variable
.
, , Swept
Variable.
6. ,
:
a. Start.
b. Stop.
c. Steps. , 0.15
, 0.45 15,
15 0.15
0.45 .
8. OK.
:
(. 8.34).
. 8.34.
8.10.4.
,
Animation. ,
,
.
1. .
2. , Export. Save As.
4. 256 ,
Grayscale.
, .
. 8.35.
5. Compression factor.
,
. Speed ,
, .
8.11.
,
.
1. , , ,
. , .
2. HFSS Fields, Plot Fields.
3. Plot Fields ,
.
,
. ,
. ,
, , ,
. Create Field Plot.
4. ,
, Specify Name
Name.
5. Solution.
6. , ,
, Specify Folder
Plot Folder. Field Overlays
.
8. Intrinsic Variables, ,
.
8. Quantity.
Auto
.
Use
Limits .
, , ,
.
Linear
Log
9. In Volume.
.
10. Done.
,
, .
, Plot Attributes (. 8.36).
. 8.36.
8.11.1.
,
.
1. , , ,
.
3. , ,
OK. Create Field Plot.
4. , ,
Specify Name Name.
5. Solution.
6. , , Specify Folder
Plot Folder.
Field Overlays .
8. Intrinsic Variables ,
.
8. Quantity .
9.
In Volume.
.
10. Done.
,
, .
Field Overlays.
8.11.2.
,
.
1. ,
. , ,
.
3. Plot Fields ,
. Create Field Plot.
4. .
, Plot
Attributes.
.
. 8.37.
8.11.3.
, x-, y- z-
.
(. 8.37).
1. , ,
.
, , .
3. Plot Fields ,
.
8.11.4.
2. , Select,
OK.
3. Solution.
4. , Plot Folder, .
5. Intrinsic Variables ,
.
6.
Quantity. , Calculator
Category.
, Standard Category.
8. In
Volume.
.
8. Done.
, .
.
, Plot
Attributes.
8.11.5.
,
Plot Attributes.
,
.
1. HFSS Fields Modify Plot Attributes.
Select Plot Folder.
2. , , OK.
.
.
3. ,
:
Color map
Scale
Marker/Arrow ( ).
( ).
Plots ( ).
.
, (
.)
.
4. Save as default, ,
,
(. 8.38).
. 8.38.
6. Close, .
8.11.6.
2. , , OK.
.
.
3. Color map.
4. Number of colors
.
5. Real time mode, ,
. , Apply,
.
6. Close .
8.11.7.
(Color Keys)
,
. .
2. Color Keys. :
Uniform .
Color.
Ramp
. Color.
.
Spectrum .
.
.
3. Visibility ,
.
4. Done .
, ,
Hide .
8.11.8.
.
:
1. HFSS, Fields, Modify Plot Attributes.
Select Plot Folder.
2. , ,
OK. .
.
3. Scale (. 8.39).
. 8.39. Scale ,
5. Use Limits,
, .
6. :
Range of Plotted,
Field Values,
Color Map,
Plot Title.
8. Close, .
8.11.9.
2. , ,
OK. .
.
3. Marker/Arrow.
4. Arrow Options, :
Line
Cylinder . -
Umbrella , .
5. Size, ( )
( ) .
.
6. Map Size, ,
.
7. Arrow tail, .
8. Plots.
9. HFSS ,
, . Vector plot
Spacing, ( ) (
) ( )
Uniform, .
11. Close.
8.11.10.
,
:
2. , , OK.
.
.
3. Plot.
4. Add Grid, .
5. Color.
8. Close, .
8.11.11.
(Isovalues)
. 8.40.
(-)
2. , ,
OK. .
.
3. Plots.
4. , :
a.
IsoValType:
Line (. 8.40)
Fringe , isovalues
Tone isovalues
Gourard
b. Fringe Tone, Outline,
(isovalues).
5. - , :
a. :
isovalues
IsoValSurface
Cloud ,
.
, .
. 8.41. Fringe
8.11.12.
1. HFSS, Fields Modify Plot Attributes.
Select Plot Folder.
2. , , OK.
.
.
3. Plots.
4. Map transp, ( )
( ) .
Map transp.,
.
8.11.13.
,
. (
.)
2. , ,
OK.
.
.
3. Marker/Arrow .
4. Marker options ,
:
5. Size, ( )
( ) .
6. Map size,
.
8.11.14.
.
. ,
.
2. , ,
OK. .
.
. 8.42.
3. Plots (. 8.42).
4.
IsoValType:
Fringe (.8.41)
Ton
Gourar
d
5.
:
6. Line width, ( )
( ) .
8. 100
. ,
.
9. Close, .
8.11.15.
3D Modeler:
2. FieldsReporter.
3. Visibility ,
(. 8.43). ,
. .
. 8.43.
8.11.16.
(.adsn);
HFSS
(.dsp) HFSS.
.dsp:
1. Plot, .
. 8.44.
3. Select, , ,
OK. .
Cylinder
.
Solid .
Dash-Dash
.
Dot-Dot .
Dash-Dot
.
5. .dsp .
6. Save. .dsp .
, , HFSS 9
. HFSS>Fields>Open.
8.11.17.
,
HFSS (.dsp), HFSS 9 :
3. .dsp .
4. Open. .
Field Overlays .
8.11.18.
2. , , Delete .
. 8.45.
3. OK. .
Delete.
8.11.19.
,
Set Plot Defaults.
:
1. , Field Overlays
.
3. Solution.
4. , ,
Quantity type.
New Folder
Automatic ,
HFSS
. ,
E .
An existing ,
folder .
5. Intrinsic Variables ,
.
6. OK.
, ,
. Auto ,
.
8.12. SAR HFSS
, (SAR
Specific Absorption Rate)
2
E
SAR =
, (8.1)
- , /,
, /,
- , /3.
HFSS (SAR)
SAR SAR.
- , :
. 8. 47. SAR
2. Material Density
g/cm3.
3. Mass of Tissue ,
. 1 10.
4. OK. , SAR
. SAR
,
, ,
SAR .
. 8.48. SAR
,
(. 8.49),
.
, , ,
, ,
.
,
, .
,
,
.
SAR 1.6 /.
. 8. 49.
,
(),
(.1).
.1. ( 1.9 )
tg
, [6]
, / /3
48 53 (0.9 ) 1.1 0.415 1030
46 (1.9 ) (1.7) (0.369)
3 9 0.06 0.133 1800
(8) ( 0.1 ) (0.125)
1 59 1.3 0.44 1100
(46) (1.9) (0.41)
.
HFSS
.
, ,
HFSS SAR
(. 8.50) ,
. SAR
.
. 8.50. SAR (
)
. . 8.50 ,
, . -
, -
.
,
. ,
, ,
,
!
,
: ,
.
,
. 10 ,
.
, HFSS ,
.
,
-.
9
,
, , .
,
, .
. - , .
,
, phi
theta. ,
. 9.1. :
. ,
.
. , HFSS
. HFSS
(. 9.1),
, , , .
, HFSS ,
, E-
.
9.1.
,
. Sphere Geometry
Traces. :
2. Sphere, Name .
3. Radius,
,
Coordinate System.
PML .
, HFSS
.
5. Coordinate System,
:
(CS),
Use global coordinate system.
CS,
Use local coordinate system (. 9.3), CS Choose
from existing coordinate systems.
7. OK. .
Radiation. , , PML
, , ,
,
. ,
Near Field Radiation Sphere Setup.
. 9.5. , 20
, ,
.
- , ,
- . ,
,
.
9.2.
,
.
.
, Geometry
Traces, .
:
1. .
4. ,
Choose Line.
5. Number of points . -
.
,
.
. 9.7. , ,
. 9.8. E ,
6. , Radiate
PML, :
a. Radiation Surface.
b. Use Custom Radiation Surface.
c. .
. 9.9.
HFSS
.
,
PML.
7. OK.
9.3.
,
PML.
1. Sphere Line
Compute Max Parameters .
. 9.10.
. ,
, . ,
,
. ,
, , ,
.
Select Solution (. 9.10).
2. Select Solution, ,
.
. 9.11. -
3. Intrinsic Variables, ,
(. 9.11). Max Field Data (.
9.12), .
. 9.12. Line1
,
, .
, ,
.
. :
1. , ,
.
. 9.14. ,
2. , (MeshPlots),
, OK.
.
.
3. , Plot.
4. Scale factor, ( )
( ) .
80 % 80 %
(. 9.15).
. 9.15.
5. Transparency, ( )
( ) .
.
6. :
9. Surface Only, ,
. ,
.
12. Close .
,
, ,
,
.
, HFSS ,
. ,
,
. (. 9.16),
Traces (. 9.17).
. 9.16.
Traces
, .
. 9.17. E
6. Solution (. 9.17), , ,
.
7. Domain, .
S- (Time).
9. ,
, Output Variables.
Output Variables. ,
.
9. .
10. Done.
, (. 9.18).
.
. 9.18.
,
. ,
.
, :
1. , , .
3. Traces.
4. Done.
.
, ,
Report Type, Create Report.
Create Report:
Modal S S-
Parameters , Y-, Z-,
,
(VSWR).
Terminal S S- , Y-, Z-
Parameters ,
,
,
(VSWR).
Fields ,
.
Far Fields .
, :
E, , ,
, ,
, .
,
PML.
Near Fields , .
PML,
.
Rectangular (x-y).
Plot
3D (x-y-z).
Rectangular
Plot
Polar Plot ,
.
3D Polar Plot ,
.
Smith Chart ,
.
Data Table , , ,
.
Radiation .
Pattern
2D
,
, , ,
.
,
. .
3. Report Type, .
5. Y, , Y:
a. Category, , .
b. Quantity, , .
c. Function, ,
.
6. X , X
:
Use Primary Sweep. ,
Sweep, X.
Use Primary Sweep, Category, Quantity,
Function, X.
,
Sweeps.
7. Sweeps, , ,
.
9. Add Trace.
, .
Traces.
,
.
9. , .
10. Done.
,
x -y. Results
.
x-y-z
. :
2. Target Design, ,
.
3. Report Type, .
5. Z , z:
a. Category, , .
b. Quantity, , .
c. Function, ,
.
6. Y, , Y
:
Use Secondary Sweep. () ,
Sweeps, Y.
Use Secondary Sweep, Category,
Quantity, Function, Y. ,
, ,
Sweeps.
7. X , X
:
Use Primary Sweep. ,
Sweeps X.
Use Primary Sweep, Category, Quantity,
Function, X. ,
, ,
Sweep.
9. Sweep , ,
.
9. Add Trace.
- , .
Traces.
,
.
10. , .
11. Done.
- , x-
y-z. (. 9.19) Results .
. 9.19. S11 ()
- ,
R Theta, R - ,
, Theta - X.
:
2. Target Design, ,
.
3. Report Type, .
5. Polar, , :
a. Category, , .
b. Quantity, , .
c. Function, ,
.
6. Sweeps, ,
, 5.
7. Add Trace.
, .
Traces. ,
.
8. , .
9. Done.
, .
Results .
,
R, Theta, Phi, R - ,
, Theta - X, Phi -
z .
.
2. Target Design, , ,
.
3. Report Type, ,
.
5. Mag, , R-
, :
a. Category, , .
b. Quantity, , .
c. Function, ,
.
6. Theta, ,
:
(
Sweeps) Theta, Use
Secondary Sweep.
Theta, Use
Secondary Sweep, Category, Quantity, Function,
.
, Sweeps.
7. Phi, , phi-
:
(
, Sweeps) phi, Use Primary
Sweep.
phi, Use Primary Sweep,
Category, Quantity, Function, .
phi
, Sweeps.
8. Sweeps, , ,
5, 6, 7.
9. Add Trace.
10. Done.
R-, phi-, Theta-
.
- S-,
.
:
2. Target Design, ,
, .
3. Report Type, ,
.
4. Display Type, Smith Chart, OK.
Traces. Polar .
5. Polar, , :
a. Category, , .
b. Quantity, , .
c. Function, ,
.
6. Sweeps, ,
, 5.
7. Add Trace.
,
- .
9. ,
.
9. Done.
- , ,
,
.
2. Target Design, ,
, .
3. Report Type, .
6. X, ,
:
Use Primary Sweep.
, 5,
, Sweeps.
Use Primary Sweep, Category, Quantity,
Function, ,
5.
, Sweeps.
7. Sweeps , ,
.
9. Add Trace.
,
.
Traces.
9. , .
10. Done.
, 5,
, ,
. Results .
HFSS .
,
.
,
FDTD. :
1. 1 - 4 .
2. Traces, Domain, Time.
3. TDR Options. TDR Options (.
9.20).
4. , Step Impulse.
5. Rise Time.
6. Maximum Plot Time.
. 9.20.
7. Delta Time ,
(. 9.21).
.
. 9.21. S11
9. , TDR Window .
10. OK.
11. , :
a. Category, TDR Impedance.
b. Quantitiy, TDRZ, .
c. TDRZ ,
. Z 0 * (1_Re (S11) / (1-Re (S11)).
d. Function, ,
.
12. Done. .
,
,
.
:
,
, Remove Trace.
:
Remove All Traces.
1. Traces, ,
.
2. , .
3. Replace Trace. , ,
, ,
.
HFSS, - ,
, .
.
(. 9.22):
1. Sweeps Traces,
:
2. - (primary
sweep). ,
- (secondary sweep ).
.
:
Name ,
, .
, .
3. ,
:
a. .
.
b. All Values.
.
All Values, ,
.
. 9.22.
, ,
, Function
Traces. ,
( ), .
, ,
, HFSS ;
.
.
Function:
Abc
Acos
Acosh
Ang , + /-180
Ang_rad
Asin
Asinh
Atan
Atanh
Conjg
Cos
cosh
dB(x) 20*log10 (|x |)
dBm(x) 10*log10(|x|) +30
eve 1, ; 0
exp
Im
Int
J0 (0 th )
J1 (1 C-).
S-,
,
. , HFSS
S11, ,
Theta.
, ,
:
log
log10
mag
nint
odd 1 ; 0
polar
re
rect
rem (Fractional part)
sgn
sin
sinh
sqrt
tan
tanh
y0 (0- )
S- :
1. Traces, :
2. , , Quantity.
,
, HFSS,
, ,
, Theta.
:
S- S- S-.
Y- ,
S- .
Z- , S-
.
S-.
Z o .
VSWR. ,
Variables , ,
,
.
Output Variables ,
,
,
,
.
, :
1. Traces, :
2. Category, ,
,
Quantity:
Variables , ,
,
.
Output Variables ,
.
rE ,
.
Directivity
Axial Ratio .
Polarization Ratio .
Antenna Params HFSS ,
, ,
, , , max U,
.
Normalized RCS ,
, 0 - .
2o
.
Radar Cross- (RCS), ,
Section
2
4r 2 E scat
= 2
Einc
Escat E-.
Einc E-.
, ,
,
Quantity:
Total E,H .
Phi Phi
Theta.
X x-.
Y y-.
,
phi Theta
. :
1. Sweeps Traces.
2. phi .
phi.
phi, .
3. All Values.
4. phi,
. HFSS
phi
Theta.
. 9.23 ,
:
. 9.23. ,
,
(phi).
:
1. Sweep Traces.
2. theta .
. ,
.
3. All Values.
4. ,
. HFSS
phi.
,
,
, HFSS,
,
Theta.
:
1. Traces, :
2. Near E,
,
Quantity:
Variables , ,
,
.
Output Variables
Near E
.
Max Near Field
NearETotal
NearEPhi phi E
NearETheta Theta E.
NearEX X- .
NearEY Y- .
NearEZ z- .
NearELHCP
.
NearERHC
.
NearECircularLHCP
.
NearECircularRHCP
.
NearEL3X. x-
NearEL3Y. y-
,
. Datasets
Projects (. 9.24).
. 9. 24.
1. Solution Traces,
, .
2. ,
Table Data Category.
3. .
,
.
, ,
, ,
.
10
10.1.
, , HFSS
,
.
.
,
,
. E (x, y, z)
, Radiate (. 10.1)
:
S ,
, 2f,
0 ,
Htan , ,
Enormal , S,
Etan , S,
G ,
jk0 r r '
e
G= (10.2)
r r'
k0 = 0 0 , - ,
2f;
r r ,
.
. 10.1. Rad1 ,
, r >> r' ( r >> 0),
:
e jk 0 r e jk 0 r '
G (10.3)
r
G (10.3) ,
, r:
e jkr
(10.4)
r
r
- TEM ,
:
E = 0 H r (10.5)
0 , r - -
.
, HFSS ,
(10.1). r,
,
(. 10.2, ).
.
, HFSS ,
, ,
.
,
, .
, .
. 10.2.
HFSS ,
, , ,
() . , HFSS
, E-
E- .
,
(. 10.2) PML.
, Radiation/Compute/Near Field,
(10.1).
r. ,
.
,
, .
,
.
Radiation/Compute/Far Field,
,
.
,
,
. ,
.
. .
,
.
.
(. 10.3).
,
.
. 10.3. . 10.4.
HFSS ,
, . ,
,
.
, -180 (deg)
180 (deg), (). deg,
rad, HFSS , .
(Phi) Near Field
Radiation Sphere Setup Far Field Radiation Sphere Setup.
Start , . Start ,
, .
Stop , . Stop ,
Start , 360. Stop Start ,
HFSS , Step Size
.
Step ( ) .
Size , 0 180 10,
18. Step Size=0 ,
, . Step Size=0, HFSS ,
.
Theta:
Start , Theta. Start , -
90.
Step ( ) theta.
Size , -60 60 10,
10deg.
0 ,
Start. Step Size=0, HFSS ,
.
,
, .
, Sphere Geometry
Traces, .
. 10.5.
3. , :
a. Phi, (deg) (rad),
b. Theta, (deg) (rad).
4. Coordinate System,
:
(CS),
Use global coordinate system.
CS, Use local coordinate system,
Choose from existing coordinate systems.
5. ,
, , PML,
Radiation Surface (. 10.6),
Use Custom Radiation Surface.
. 10.6.
c. Choose from
existing fase list. HFSS (. 10.7)
.
, PML.
6. OK.
. 10.7. Face List
Radiation.
10.2.
.
,
, ,
. ,
.
, ,
, .
F(, )
,
( )
, R
.
Ansoft HFSS :
- ,
- (),
- ,
- (),
- ,
- (),
- ( ),
- (),
- (
).
,
, ,
(. 10.8).
,
.
,
,
, E E .
. 10. 8.
() ,
,
.
D.
, :
4U
D= (10.6)
Prad
:
U
,
Prad - .
, Umax,
Antenna Parameters (. 10.9) -
.
. , -
, .
, .
. 10.9.
,
,
.
Max U
, U, , ,
, . HFSS
Max U.
2
E
U ( , ) = r2 (10.8)
0
U (,) .
|E| - E-.
0 - 376.7 .
r - , .
.
. ,
, ,
(. 10.10). ,
.
,
.
, ,
.
. 10.10.
- .
.10.10.
.
.
,
. ,
,
(. 10.11).
. 10.11. ,
,
.
-
,
Tetha phi. ,
E = (E, E).
. 10.12. ,
,
. [6]
. ,
(Ludwig-3),
. , E =
(Ex, Ey), :
- .
(.
10.13). , ,
.
. 10.13.
,
,
(L) (R) .
E = (ER, EL) :
ER =
1
(E
jE ) (10.11)
2
EL =
1
(E + jE ) (10.12)
2
.
:
1 AR (10.13)
, 1, ,
, , ,
, .
HFSS
:
EL
Circular / LHCP = (10.14)
ER
ER
Circular / RHCP = (10.15)
EL
E
Spherical / Phi = (10.16)
E
E
Spherical / Theta = (10.17)
E
Ex
Ludwig 3 / X = (10.18)
Ey
Ey
Ludwig 3 / Y = (10.19)
Ex
, ,
, .
, 10:1, 10 dB.
, , .
10.14 ,
.
.10.14. (Ludwig3/X
Ludwig3/Y) (
10 0.190)
Ludwig3/X Ludwig3/Y.
Ludwig3/X - -
,
X.
Ludwig3/Y - -
,
Y.
, . 10.15.
. 10.15.
(,)
, ,
,
.
:
Prad
A = (10.20)
U max
:
A - .
Prad - .
Umax - .
4
,
. Ansoft HFSS
, .
:
U
G = 4 (10.21)
Pacc
:
U -
.
Pacc - , , .
,
.
. 100%, .
, .
. - ,
, .
- 4
,
. ,
,
(.
10.16).
HFSS:
U
= 4 (10.22)
Pincident
U
.
Pincident .
. Antenna
Parameters,
, U max.
,
, LumpPort
.
. 10.16. (,)
,
.
:
Prad = Re E H * ds (10.23)
S
:
Prad
S -
E - .
H* - , H .
E H.
.
, .
( ), .
,
. ,
(,
).
HFSS
:
Pacc = Re E H * ds (10.24)
A
Pacc - ,
A ,
E ,
H , E,
ds - 3D
HFSS.
,
, :
2
(
Pacc = a 1 s11
2
) (10.25)
:
a - , Data/Edit Sources,
S11 ( ),
HFSS.
.
, .
(Incident Power) -
( ) .
Edit Sources (. 10.17).
. 10.17.
,
,
2
Pincident = a (10.26)
a (Magnitude), Edit
Sources.
( ):
Prad
= (10.27)
pacc
Prad -
Pac
,
,
.
,
.
HFSS ,
:
Total E-.
X E- x-.
Y E- y-.
Z E- z-.
Phi E- -.
Theta E- -.
LHCP
.
RHCP
.
,
r , E-. ,
.
HFSS Radiate ,
,
. HFSS ,
(. 10.18) .
,
:
j j
( E )tan = jk 0 E tan tan ( tan E tan ) + tan ( tan E tan ) (10.28)
k0 k0
Etan - E-, .
k0 - .
. 10.18.
.
, .
10.3.
HFSS ,
t = 0 ;
( ) .
. 10.19 t = 0 ,
, . ,
.
,
, .
. 10.19.
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
; , S-
.
,
,
. - ,
,
, ,
.
, :
1. Infinite Sphere
Compute Antenna Parameters .
Antenna Parameters.
2. Solutions, ,
.
3. Intrinsic Variables, ,
. Antenna Parameter
(. 10.20). ,
( ):
Maximum 0.30282
intensity (Max U) /
Peak directivity 3.8619
Peak Gain 3.9288
Peak realized gain 3.8054
Radiation power 0.96858
Accepted power 0.98537
Incident power 1
Radiation 0.9827
effeciency ()
4. More,
(Maximum Far Field):
RE Field Phi Theta
X 15.11 V 360 0
Y 2.203 V 330 -90
Z 8.1642 V 0 -52
. ,
r E-. ,
(. 10.21).
10.4.
HFSS (regular)
(custom) , ,
. HFSS
, array
factor ( ) ,
.
,
. -
.
,
.
,
(. 10.22).
.10.22.
, ,
:
3. Regular Array.
5. Directions, :
a. U Vector, X, Y, Z,
U-.
b. V Vector, X, Y, Z,
V-.
6. Distance Between Cells,
U- V-
.
7. Number of Cells, U-
V-.
8. Scan Definition,
:
Use Scan Angles,
, , Theta
Phi.
Use Differential Phase Shift,
, , In V direction In U
direction.
9. OK.
, ,
.
HFSS ,
.
:
regular uniform array ( ) -
,
.
.
, .. ,
Use Scan Angles,
.
..
,
.
HFSS
,
(. 10.24-10.32).
custom array ( )
.
,
.
,
, Master Slave.
, (. 13)
(. 14)
.
,
(. 13) (. 14) .
.10.24. 30 , . 10.25. ,
-
8 dB
. 10.26. . 10.27.
U (2 1) 5 dB
. 10.28. 4- . 10.29.
(2 2) 4 dB
. 10.30. 10 10 . 10.31.
10 10
. 10. 32.
10 10
()
, .. An = 1 n .
,
, (. 2)
jk0 r r '
e
G =
r r'
N
AF ( , ) = e jk o r ( rn r ') (10.29)
n =1
k0 , 0 0
rn r N-
, .
,
(lattice vectors) u v, rn
,
rmn = (m 1)u + (n 1)v (10.30)
m = 1, 2, ..., Nu n = 1, 2, ...., Nv.
N = NuNv.
( 6) Nu x Nv
N N
AF ( , ) = e jk o rmn ( rmn r ') (10.31)
m =1 n =1
( 10.31)
. , ,
.
. 10.33-10.38.
. 10. 33. .10. 34.
,
,
master slave.
, -
,
(, Master Slave
). ,
, ,
.
15.
,
. HFSS
.
. HFSS Ansoft
, ,
,
.
11
,
.
, ,
..
, .
Hewlett-Packard.
First Quantity ( ) ,
Second Quantity ( ) , .
top,
.
:
,
(. 11.1) ,
.
, , ,
(Plot->Fields) ,
!
, ,
.
, .
11.1.
.
, . , Vector ->Dot -
; Unit Vec
Normal Vector Surf.
,
, :
. 11.1.
11.2.
Push ,
.
.
Pop .
RlUp ,
.
RlDn , -
.
Exch .
Clear .
Undo ,
, .
. 11.2.
,
11.3.
,
:
E H .
.
: , , , ,
.
, ,
. ,
:
, ,
.
, , ,
, ,
, , , ,
, Draw.
, , , .
,
, , , (.
11.3). Pop, Clear,
.
: Select HFSS > Fields > Calculator.
. 11.3.
,
.
11.4.
, , ,
. ,
, .
, .
Vec ,
. X-, Y-, Z-
.
Scl , .
Cvc
Csc
Pnt
Lin
Srf
Vol
SclLin
VecLine
SclSrf
VecSrf
, :
,
.
, Write.
11.5.
,
:
Quantity E H,
, .
Geometry , , ,
Constant , , ,
.
Number ,
.
Function ,
.
Geom .
Settings
, Stack, General,
Scalar Vector. ,
Output.
. 11. 3. ,
11.5.1. Quantity
Input
.
, (peak
phasors). Poynting
.
E , E.
H , H.
Jvol , Jvol .
Jsurf
Poynting ,
0.5E x H*.
LocalSAR
AverageSAR
E: E
H: H
Poynting: ,
(E H*)
Jvol: ,
Jsurf: . Jsurf
.
, , ,
.
11.5.2. Geometry
Geometry .
:
, ,
.
.
,
(), Draw.
Geometry:
Point
Line
Surface
Volume
:
1. , Geometry.
Geometry (. 11.4).
.11. 4.
2. . .
3. OK .
11.5.3. Constant
Constant
:
Pi 3.14
Epsi0 ,
0 = 8.85418782 x 10 12 .
Mu0 ,
0 = 4 x 10 7
c ,
c = 2.99792458 x 108 /.
11.5.4. Number
Number
(. 11.5):
Scalar :
1. Number. Input Number.
2. Scalar.
3. Value.
4. OK, .
Vector :
1. Number. Input Number.
2. Vector.
3. x-, y-, z- .
4. OK .
Complex .
C=A+jB, A , B .
1. Number. Input Number.
2. Scalar Vector.
3. Complex.
4. .
5. OK .
. 11.5. . 11. 6.
11.5.5. Function
(. 11.6)
.
11.6.
,
, .
General
+ (Add) .
.
(Subtract) (
). ( ).
* .
(Multiply) ;
.
/ (Divide) .
;
.
Neg .
Scalar .
:
1. Function. Function.
2. Scalar.
3. .
4. OK .
, : X, Y, Z, RHO,
THETA, R, PHI , , ,
.
Abs
Smooth
.
,
. ,
.
Complex
, ,
, .
C .
,
.
Complex :
Real (A).
Imag (B).
CmplxMag (M).
CmplxPhase ().
Conj
. C = A + jB,
C* = A jB.
AtPhase , t,
.
.
CmplxReal
CmplxIImag
VecX x- .
VecY y- .
VecZ z- .
Domain
, .
,
.
:
1. ,
.
2. , Geometry.
3. Domain.
Domain ,
, .
Scalar
,
.
Vec
, .
:
Vec X X-
Vec Y Y-
Vec Z Z-
1/x (Inverse)
.
Pow
, .
:
1. .
2. .
3. Pow.
Square Root
.
Trig
:
Sin
Cos
Tan
Asin
Acos
Atan
Atan2
d/ dx x.
d/dy y.
d/dz z.
Integral
,
, . ,
, .
:
1. ,
.
2. Geometry, ,
, , .
3.
. ,
Eval.
Iso
,
. ,
.
:
1. ,
.
.
2. ,
, Number.
3. Iso.
Min
, , .
:
Value .
Position ,
, Max.
Eval, ,
.
,
, ,
. HFSS
,
,
.
:
,
Plot.
.
.
.
Max
,
, . :
1. ,
. :
. ,
, - .
,
,
Cmplx/AtPhase Cmplx/Real.
2. , , ,
Geometry.
3. :
Max/Value .
Max/Position, ,
.
Eval,
, .
Gradient
Vector
Scal
, -
. :
Value .
Position ,
. :
,
Plot.
.
.
.
ScalarX x- .
ScalarY y- .
ScalarZ z-
Matl
.
.
Permittivity , r .
(epsi)
Permeability , r
(mu)
Conductivity ,
Omega () , = 2 f, f - ,
. 11. 7.
3. Multiply or Divide.
4. OK,
, Cancel, .
Mag
Dot
,
.
Cross
Divg
Curl
Tangent
.
:
1. .
2. , Geometry/Line.
3. Tangent.
Normal
:
1. .
2. ,
Geometry/Surface.
3. Normal.
Unit Vec
Output
Value
.
, :
.
x-, y-, z- .
:
1. ,
.
2. ,
Geometry/Point.
3. Value.
,
Eval.
11.7.
Output :
Draw.
Plot. ( )
Anim.
.
2D Plot. (XY)
Value. ,
.
Eval. -
Write Export
.
Eval
,
, , .. ,
, . Eval
, .
, ,
I = H dl .
H I - ,
H, I,
H, I.
:
1. H , Qty.
2. H, Cmplx/Real.
3. , Geom/Line.
.
4. Tangent, H .
Tangent
.
Normal ,
.
5. , Eval.
6. Eval . I
.
7. , H (
Cmplx/Imag) I.
Write
.
:
.
.
:
1. Write.
2. , .
.reg.
3. OK. ,
.
Export
(. 11.8). , ,
.
:
To File
. ,
, .
On Grid ,
x, y, z
, (
).
. 11.8.
Export/To File
.
:
1. , , .
2. ,
.
3. Export/To File.
:
.
HFSS, ,
(. 11.9).
,
,
, ,
,
,
,
.
. 11.9. ,
2x2 ,
'' , r = 11.8, 2 .
60, TM .
. ,
.
!
( )
,
, 60 2*tan
(60), 3.46 , l/10= 1.2 , 4.66 .
5 .
PML, 1.2 ,
,
PML_setup.
(0, ), =0 60,
Master/Slave (180, )
.
PML Perfect_H.
11.8.
, ,
thetaang,
.
master/slave.
'Write'
.
. 11.10.
Geometry (. 11.10).
X, Y,
Z 10.
.
,
, Pinc ,
(Incident).
, Pref , ,
(Scattered).
,
S - , .
, ,
,
. ,
- ,
,
, .
, , ,
(. 12.1).
.
. 12.1.
( 3D_Modeler-> Measure-> Length)
(. 12.2):
Parametric
; .
, ,
.
,
.
Optimizati
on . ,
.
, HFSS ,
, S-,
.
Sensitivity
,
.
Tuning
.
Statistical
, .
12.2.
12.1.
,
.
.
, .
, . HFSS
.
, ,
.
, ,
, L, C, R,
. ,
, .
,
.
, , ,
, , .
,
.
,
, .
,
.
2. , Add...
. 12.3.
Add/Edit Sweep. ,
, Variable.
3. , , Variable.
,
.
4. . ,
.
5. Add, OK.
Setup Sweep Analysis.
.
, , Table
(. 12.4).
, , ,
.
. 12.4. Table Setup Sweep Analysis
$scan_angle,
12.1.1.
1. , Add/Edit
Sweep:
Single Value
Linear Step
.
Linear Count ,
,
.
Decade Count
Octave Count
Exponential Count
2. Single Value,
Value.
,
Start
Stop.
3. Linear Step ,
Step.
- .
. HFSS
, .
, ,
Count.
.
12.1.2.
,
.
, ,
1, 2, 3 , , ,
4, 5, 6 , HFSS 3 .
1 4;
, 2 5;
, 3 6.
,
Sync #.
, ,
Table.
. 12.5. ,
$width $length
12.1.3.
,
, ,
Tab Setup Sweep
Analysis.
. 12.6.
Setup Sweep Analysis Sweep Definitions.
12.1.4.
, HFSS
,
.
:
2. Value, ,
.
3. Value, Enter.
Override. , ,
,
.
.
4. , Units.
, Override.
12.1.5.
,
,
Post Analysis Display.
, , S-
, .
.
. 12.8.
3. Solution, ,
.
4. Calculation,
:
, Calculation.
,
, :
a. Edit Calculation. Output Variables (. 12.9).
. 12. 9.
b. , ,
Done.
Calculation.
c. ,
Calculation (. 12.10).
,
. .
. 12.10. Calculations
12.1.6.
,
.
. ,
Override,
Value.
, , ,
, . Driven Modal
Driven Terminal, ,
.
,
.
3. Variable, .
5. Update, OK.
12.2.
-
.
,
.
12.2.1.
:
Quasi Newton Pattern Search.
, ,
Quasi Newton.
.
HFSS ,
,
.
, Pattern Search.
. Pattern Search
, Quasi Newton.
1. ,
Properties (. 12.12).
12. 12.
4. , HFSS
, Max. No.Iterations.
5.
, Save Fields.
6. Cost Function (,
).
7. , Acceptable Cost ,
.
8. (
) Noise.
12.2.2. :
linear constraints. .
parametric sweep
before an optimization
analysis
parametric sweep
during an optimization
analysis
update optimized
variables
12.2.3.
,
, ,
, .
:
Goal Setup Optimization,
Max. No. Of Iterations.
12.2.4.
,
. ,
,
. ,
Wave Port 1 Wave Port 2
(S 21 = > 1), ag (S (WavePort2, WavePort1)),
.
Setup Optimization,
.
,
,
Calculation.
Output Variables.
. ,
,
.
2. Solution, ,
.
3. , .
4. Calc. Range ,
.
5. Condition, .
6. Goal ,
.
, ;
.
. 12. 15. ,
7. , ,
,
Weight.
. ,
; .
.
,
(0 . 12.15)
.
12.2.5.
,
.
,
, S-,
.
1. () :
a. Goal Setup Optimization, Add.
Cost Function.
b. Solution,
.
2. Solution, ,
.
. 12.16.
3. Calculation,
:
, Calculation.
,
, :
a. Edit Calculation. Output Variables
(. 12.16).
b. , , Done. HFSS
Calculation.
c. ,
Calculation. ,
.
Output variable .
12.2.6.
, ,
.
, .
. 12.17.
2. Variable, .
,
,
Variables. ,
,
.
,
- S-, phi Theta,
.
3. ,
Variable,
:
a. Range.
b. Start, .
c. Stop, .
4. :
a. Single Value.
b. Value, ,
.
5. Update, OK.
12.2.7.
,
.
. - ,
.
Goal. ,
Edit Goal/Value Weight,
, ,
.
()
, ;
.
.
4. OK. , ,
Goal.
, -
.
( ). ,
,
.
, , |S11| -
, |S11|, ,
.
|S11|, , 0.
(. 12.18) - ,
.
. 12.18.
,
.
.
. ,
, ,
.
, - 0. ,
.
:
Nj
G Wj
N e
j i
i
j
G - .
Wj - , j - -.
Nj - j - -.
ej - j - - i- .
e j ,
, .
- < =, =, > =.
ej , s j
, g j -
<= 0
ei =
si g
si g i
si > g i
= ei s i g i
>= 0
ei =
si g
si g i
si < g i
,
.
,
. -, ,
.
. , ,
. ,
,
, . ,
.
,
. :
.
,
,
.
i (i+1) :
si = xi +1 xi .
T
s i = s i s i ,
.
T
: s i D = s i D Dsi , D
T
. -
, D , ,
.
, si Dmin
< 1, D min
, , Min. Step.
Min.Step
.
, si Dmax
> 1,
Dmax , , Max. Step
.
12.2.8.
,
.
.
,
, ,
,
.
.
:
,
,
.
,
. ( -
.).
,
. , ,
, .
3. ,
Units.
, Override.
- ,
. ,
,
, .
:
3. Min. Step .
4. Max. Step, .
12.2.10.
.
. 12.20. General
2. Parametric Analysis,
, .
,
, ,
.
.
:
1. Setup Optimization, General.
2. Parametric Analysis,
, ,
.
3. Solve the parametric sweep during optimization.
,
,
.
:
1. Setup Optimization, General.
12.3.
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
.
. ,
.
:
.
.
.
, ,
,
, , (-
) (. 12.21).
, ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
Master Output ,
.
1. , ,
Properties.
2. HFSS, Optimetrics Analysis, Add
Sensitivity. Setup Sensitivity Analysis.
3. Calculations, ,
, HFSS , Max. No. of
Iterations/Sensitivity Variable.
4. ,
, Save Fields.
5. Output Parameters, .
6. ,
Approximate Error in Master Output.
12.3.1.
12.3.3.
2. Solution, ,
.
3. , .
4. Calc. Range, ,
.
5. ,
Master Output, ,
.
,
, .
,
, S-.
1. : Calculations
Setup Sensitivity Analysis, Add.
Output Parameters.
2. Solution, , .
3. Calculation,
:
, Calculation.
:
a. Edit Calculation. Output Variables.
b. , ,
Done. HFSS
Calculation.
c. ,
Calculation. ,
.
.
. , ,
.
. 12.23.
, .
,
. Driven Modal Driven
Terminal , .
,
. ,
,
.
. 12.24.
2. Variable, .
,
Variable.
, ,
.
,
S-; phi Theta,
.
4. Update, OK.
12.3.4.
-
- ,
.
, .
.
2. Starting Value ,
, Enter.
Override , , ,
;
. ,
Override,