Банков С.Е., Курушин А.А. Проектирование СВЧ устройств и антенн с Ansoft HFSS PDF

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Ansoft HFSS
2009

HFSS Ansoft v. 9-11

1. HFSS Ansoft

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Ptolemy1,
ADS Advanced Design System (
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Ansoft HFSS :
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Hewlett Packard, Agilent Ansoft,
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1.
Ansoft HFSS v.9-11
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1.1.
HFSS
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: Pentium III, 500 MHz,

( HFSS v.9): 200
Mb,
(RAM): 256 MB.
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: Pentium IV, 1 GHz,
( HFSS
): 500 MB,
(RAM): 2 GB.
HFSS Ansoft 9-
11:
Windows NT 4.0 Workstation,
Windows NT 4.0 Server,
Windows 2000 Professional,
Windows XP Professional.
1.2. HFSS Ansoft

HFSS , ,
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1.3.
( . 1.1)
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Shift+F1.

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. 1.1. HFSS Ansoft 911
HFSS ,
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File File
HFSS .
Edit Edit
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View View
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3D Modeler, .
Project Project HFSS
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Draw Draw -, -,
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Window Window 3D
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Help Help -
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1.4.

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Tools (), Customize ().
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Customize (. 1.2).
. 1.2. HFSS
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Project Manager.

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Customize, Customize
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1.7. 3D Modeler
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1.8. Project Manager

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Status Bar View. :
X, Y, Z;
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1.9.
Project Manager ,
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. 1.8.
Project Manager HFSS,

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1. Tools Parameters, General Options.
Options.
2. Project Options, Expand Project Tree on Insert (.
1.9).
. 1.9.
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1.10.
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Definitions
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1.11. Properties
Properties , ,
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Properties
(. 1.1).
. 1.1.
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Boundaries
Excitations ,
Mesh ,
Operations .
-
Analysis

Optimetrics
Results
Port Field
Display
Field Overlays ,

Radiate
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Properties (. 1.10).
. 1.10. () ()
Properties, View, Property

Window. , Properties
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, Properties .
, Properties .
1.12.
Properties
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: Attribute Command.
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. 1.11.
2. Attribute,
(. 1.11).
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ENTER.
OK .
1.13.
Properties
Command (. 1.12) Properties
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, Edit>Duplicate>Mirror.
. 1.12.
Command . ,
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1. , ,
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2. Command Properties,
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1.14.
3D Modeler
3D Modeler (. 1.13).
Project Manager ,
HFSS . 3D
Modeler
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3D Modeler,
Insert HFSS Design,
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. 1.13.
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3D Modeler.
, Draw,
(1D) , ,
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3D Modeler
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1.15.
(. 1.14) 3D Modeler
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.1.14.
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Properties.
Model ,
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Coordinat ,
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Planes .
, xy,
yz xz.
Points ,
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Lists .
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1.16. HFSS

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. 1.15.
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. 1. 15. HFSS

(Optimetrics).
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1.17. HFSS
HFSS - ,
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Project n ,
. File > New.
File,
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HFSS
HFSS, .hfss
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HFSS :
. 1.1 . HFSS

.hfss HFSS 9.0
Design_name.hfssresults HFSS 9.0,

Project_name.hfssresults HFSS 9.0,

.asol HFSS 9.0.
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project_name.hfssresults
.pjt HFSS 8.5
.anfp Ansoft PCB
File New.
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Project_n, n - ,
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File>Save, File>Save As.
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1. File Open.
2. , .hfss.
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4. OK. .
1. File Multiple Open.

2. , HFSS 9.0
.adsn.
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4. OK. .
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1. File, Open.
2. Ansoft Legacy EM Projects (*.cls) .
3. Look in, .
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1.18. HFSS
HFSS , Ansoft HFSS 8.5

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(. 1.2).
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Properties. , ,
9.0.
, 9.0,
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HFSS 9.

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Driven Terminal ,
Driven Modal.
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Mesh ,
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Optimetrics , ,
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9.0;
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9.0
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, Number of
Steps, Step Size 9.0.

Maximum
Number of Passes 9.0. , 3
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9.0.
Solutions ;
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1.19.
1. File, Save As.

2. , , .
3. File name.
4. .
5. Switch to saved, :
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Switch to saved
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6. OK.

File, Save .
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HFSS auto-save,
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1. File Save As.
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3. File name.
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5. Switch to saved, :
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Switch to saved,
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6. OK. HFSS
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HFSS ,
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Projectn.hfss.auto , n - ,
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1. Tools, Options, General Options.

Options (. 1.16).
. 1.16.
2. Project Options, Do Autosave.

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3. Autosave interval, ,
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10.
4. OK, .
,
. , HFSS
undo/redo.
HFSS ,
.auto. , Project1.hfss
Project1.hfss.auto.
1.20.

.
1. HFSS.
2. File Open,
Projectn.hfss, ,
Projectn.hfss.auto. Crash Recovery
(. 1.17),
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3. Open project using autosave file (. 1.17),

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HFSS -
. HFSS
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. 1.17.
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Undo Edit,
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2. Edit, Undo, Undo
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undo/redo .
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1. Project Manager :
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2. Edit Redo, Redo
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undo/redo .
1.21.
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1. HFSS, Validation Check . HFSS
, Validation Check (. 1.18).
2. Validation Check.
. 1.18.
3. , Message
Manager (. 1.19).
. 1.19. : PerfE2
Imped1, PerfE3 PerfE4
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5. HFSS, Validation Check ,

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6. Close.
Progress ( . 1.20
Progress,
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Progress, :
View, Progress Window. ,
, Progress .
. 1.20.
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Progress . ,
Progress .
1.23.
HFSS_ 9:
Ansoft 2D Modeler;
3D ;
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.
Ansoft 2D Modeler
Ansoft 2D Modeler (.sm2),
, x-y.
.sm2 :
1. 3D Modeler, Export,
Ansoft 2D Modeler.
2. , ,
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3. File name.
4. Ansoft 2D Geometry Files (*.sm2) Save as type.
5. Save.
.sm2.
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x0y,
.
3D Model
HFSS
(. 1.21):
.sat ACIS
.sm3 HFSS 3D Modeler ACIS 2.0

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:
1. 3D Modeler, Export
3D model.
2. , , .
3. File name.
4. ( ) Save as type.
5. .sm3, Select Version (.
1.22). ACIS,
ACIS SM3 Version, OK.
. 1.22.
6. Save.
.
1.24.
,
,
:
.bmp Batch Message Processing.

.gif Graphics Interchange Format.
.jpeg Joint Photographics Experts Group.
.tiff Tagged Image File Format.
.wrl Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML).
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1. 3D Modeler, Export,
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2. , , .
3. File name (. 1.23).
4. Save as type.
5. Save.
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.1.23.
1.25.
1. Report2D, Export to File.
, Export to File
. Export plot data to file.
2. , , .
3. File name.
4. Save as type:
.txt
.csv
.tab
.dat
5. Save.
.
1.26.
,
AutoCAD. ,
, 3D Modeler. HFSS
:
2D
3D

1.26.1. 2D Model
3D
Modeler :
.gds GDS-II 2D

.sm2 Ansoft 2D Modeler.
2D :
1. 3D Modeler, Import.
2. , , .
3. 2D model, .
4. Open. 3D Modeler
(. 1.24).
. 1.24.
3D Modeler,
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(. 1.24). Ansoft 2D
Modeler (.sm2), ,
xy. ,
xy,
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1.26.2. 3D Model

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.dxf AutoCAD
.geo Agilent HFSS.
.iges, .igs Initial Graphics Exchange Specification
(IGES).
.sat ACIS
.sm3 HFSS 3D
.step, .stp AP203 STEP
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. 1.25. dxf ,

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1. 3D Modeler, Import.
2. , ,
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3. , (
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4. Open. 3D Modeler.
. 1.26.
1.26.3.
,
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. :
1. HFSS, Results, Import Solutions.

Imported Data (. 1.27).
. 1.27.
2. Import Solution. S Parameter
Import.
3. File Name, ,
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(. 1.28).
. 1.28. S-
4. Load File. , .
5. , Source Name.
6. , Available
Solutions, Import.
Imported Data.
7. , ,
OK.
1.27.
,
:
Table Tab. HFSS ,
.
Table Comma. HFSS ,
.
1. HFSS, Results, Import Solutions.
,
Import Solutions .
Imported Data.
2. Import Table. Table Import (.

1.29).
3. File Name, ,
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.
. 1.29.
4. , Real/Imag,
Mod/Phase.
5. Load File. ,
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6. , Source Name,
.
7. Table Name,
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8. All Columns
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a. All Columns, , .
Column Name.
b. Column Name, Set Column
Name. ,
Imported Data.
9. Independent Data Columns,

. Dependent Data Columns,

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10. Dependent Data Columns

, Matrix Data. ,
Field Data.
11. Import. Imported Data.
12. , Current
Imports, OK.
.
1.28.

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1. File, Print. .
2. ( dpi
,
), .prn.
3. :
OK, .
Cancel, .
Setup, .
1.29.
,
.
.
1. HFSS, Edit Notes. Design Notes.

2. .
3. OK, .

Notes . Design Notes,
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HFSS v.9 [1,2]. ,

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2
HFSS ,
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HFSS:
Project
Variables HFSS,
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$. $
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Design Variables
HFSS,
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2.1.
1. Project, Project Variables.

, Project Variables
. Properties.
2. Project Variables Add (. 2.1).

Add Property.
. 2.1.
3. Name .
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(_).
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4. Value, . ,
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(current), (default), (value).
5. OK. Properties.
.
6. Description.
7. Read Only. ,
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8. Hidden ( ).
Hidden,
Properties.
2.2.
,
HFSS.
1. HFSS Design Properties. ,

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Design Properties . Properties (. 2.2).
. 2.2. dlina lengh,

33
2. Local Variables, Add (. 2.2).
Add Property (. 2.3).
3. Name, .
, -
(_).
pi () .
. 2.3. W_project,
21
4. Value, , .
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( Value), ,
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5. OK. Properties.
- .
6. ,
Description (. 2.2).
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.
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2.3.
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pi (), .
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2.3.1.
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- 2
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* 4
/ 5
% 6
+ 7
- 8
<< 9
>> 10
== 11
!= 12
> 13
< 14
>= 15
<= 16
& 17
| 18
^ 19
~ 1- 20
2.4.
HFSS
, ,
. (. 2.4) ,
.
. 2.4. ,
,
:
. 2.2. ,
abs abs(x)

sin sin(x)
cos cos(x)
tan tan(x)
asin asin(x)
acos acos(x)
atan ( atan(x)
90
90)
atan2 ( atan2(y,x)
-180
180)
pow pow(x,y)=x y
sinh sinh(x)

cosh cosh(x)

tanh tanh(x)

if if(cond_exp,true_exp,
false_exp)
pwlx - pwlx(variable, form_exp,

dataset_exp)
x
pwly - pwly(variable, form_exp,
dataset_exp)
y
dset dset((x 0 , y 0 ), (x 1 , y 1 ),
... (x n , y n ))
sqrt sqrt(x)
exp exp (x)=e x
ln ln(x)

lg lg(x)
2
log log(x)

round round(x)
(
)
floor Floor ( floor(x)
)
ceil Ceiling ( ceil(x).
)
deg Degrees deg(x)
(
)
rad Radians rad(x)
(
)
sign sign(x)
rand rand(x)
( 1)
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Constants (. 2.5).
. 2.5. , : ,
..
-
:
pwlx (dataset_expression, variable),

pwly (dataset_expression, variable).
pwlx x
y. pwly y
x.
dset ((x0, y0), ..., (xn, yn)).

pwlx
pwly.
pwly pwlx.

, Datasets.
,
. ,
,
.
- .
2.4.
, :
1. Project, Datasets. Datasets.

2. Add. Add Dataset (. 2.6).
3. , , ,
Name.
4. x- y- , , 1.
5. x- y- .
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.
6. , OK.
,
.
. 2.6. Add Dataset
1. Project, Datasets. Datasets.
2. , ,
Edit. Edit Dataset.
3. ,
Name.
4. . ,
. , OK.
2.6.
,
.
. , 2.3 2.4.
.
X, Y, Z, Phi, Theta, R
. X, Y, Z -
, Phi, Theta, R - .
,
.
2.7.
HFSS (. 2.7),

Value. ,
, Add Variable to DesignName,
.
. 2.7. ,

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, Add Variable to
Project, (. 2.8).
. 2.8. Add Variable to Project $dlina_2
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,
Properties (. 2.9).
1. - , :
HFSS, Design Properties. - ,
Project, Project Variables.
Properties.
2. , ,
.
3. , ,
($dlina_2 . 2.9).
4. Optimization.
. 2.9. $dlina_2
5. , ,
Include.
, .
6. ,
, Optimetrics
.
, HFSS ,
.
2.8.
,
, ,
Properties (.
2.10).
1. - , HFSS Design
Properties.
, HFSS.
2. , .
3. , ,
.
4. Sensitivity.
. 2.10.
5. , ,
Include.
.
6. ,
,
.
,
.
2.9.
, , ,
Properties
(. 2.11).
1. - , HFSS,
Design Properties. - , Project,
Project Variables. Properties.
. 2.11.
2. , .
3. , , .
4. Tuning.
5. , , Include.
.
.
2.10.
, ,

. 2.12.
1. - , HFSS,
Design Properties.
- , Project, Project
Variables. Properties.
2. , ,
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3. , ,
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4. Statistical.
5. , ,
Include.
.
6. (Tolerance),
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3

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(. 3.1).
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3D Modeler.
. 3.1. .
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Project Insert HFSS Design. ,
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Design_N , N - ,
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3D Modeler.
(. 3.2).
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3D Modeler, :
HFSS Project ->
Insert Design HFSS.
Insert Design HFSS .
3D Modeler , :
HFSS, 3D Model Editor.
,
3D Model Editor .
. 3.2. , 3D Modeler
HFSS
, ,
Draw. ,
, (. 3.2).
(1D) HFSS - , , -
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2D
.
(2D) ,
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;
. 2D ,
Cover Lines.
(3D) - , ,
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Draw.
, 3D Modeler,
: ,
Properties.
, (. 3.3).
, , ,
.
. 3.3.
cavity Cylinder1

. ,
,
. :
1. 3D Modeler, Units. Set

Model Units.
2. .
3. , :
Rescale to new units ,
. , (cm),
, 10 10 c.
Rescale to new units ( )
. , cm
, , 10
1 c.
4. OK, .
3.1.1.

, Draw>Line.
1. Draw, Line.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z HFSS.
, , Undo Previous Segment
.
3. ,
X, Y, Z.
.
, ESC
Escape Draw Mode .
4. :
.
Done .
Enter.
. 3.4.
, Properties (. 3.4),
.
5. OK.
3.1.2.
HFSS, Draw>Arc>3
Point,
.
1. Draw, Arc, 3 Point.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
3. ,
X, Y, Z (. 3.5).
, ,
Undo Previous Segment .
, ESC
Escape Draw Mode .
4. ,
X, Y, Z.

.
. 3.5.
5. ,
, Done
.
Properties (. 3.5),
.
6. OK.
, , HFSS
.
, ,
, , Set Edge Type
, .
3.1.3.
, ,
. Draw>Arc>Center Point,

.
1. Draw Arc, Center point (. 3.6).
2. ,
X, Y, Z.
3. , ,
X, Y, Z.
. 3.6. , xy
4. , ,
- X, Y, Z.
5. ,
, Done
. Properties,
.
6. OK.
3.1.4.
- , . HFSS
, ,
, . Draw>Spline ,

.
1. Draw, Spline.
2. ,
X, Y, Z. Enter.
3. ,
X, Y, Z.
4. ,
X, Y, Z (. 3.7)
. 3.7. ,
, ,
, ,
Set Edge Type .
.
5. , ,
Done , Enter.
Properties, (. 3.7).
3.1.5.
, ,
, , (.
3.8).
. , ,
, Set Edge Type
. :
1. Draw, Line.
2. 3D Modeler,
, Set Edge Type.
3. Straight, Spline, 3 Point Arc, Center Point Arc

, .
. 3.8.
4. Straight, :
Set Reference Point.
x, y, z Enter.
Spline, .
3 Point Arc,
.
Center Point Arc,
.
5. 2 3 .

.
6. ,
, Done (. 3.8).
, Close
Polyline .
. , ,
, ,
.
3.1.6.
, .
:
1. Draw, Circle.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
3. , ,
dX, dY, dZ, d -
.
Properties, .
4. OK.
3D Modeler Options Automatically cover closed
polyline, ,
. 1D .
3.1.7.
, , ,
(. 3.9).
1. Draw Ellipse.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
3. .
xy, x - .
yz,
y. xz, z -
. :
. HFSS
.
dX, dY, dZ,

d - .
4. .
:
. HFSS
, .
dX, dY, dZ.
. 3.9.
Properties (. 3.9), .
Ratio
.
5. OK.

polyline, , .
.
, ,

. ,
,

.
, , .
3.1.8.
( ) ,
. :
1. Draw, Rectangle.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
3. , ,
- dX,
dY, dZ, d - .
4. OK.

polyline,
. 1D .
3.1.9.
-
.
.
1. Draw Regular polygon.
2. ,
X, Y, Z.
3. ,
, :
.
dX, dY, dZ,
d - .
4. ,
OK (. 3.10).
. 3.10.
5. OK.
3.1.10.
, .
.
1. Draw, Sphere.
2. ,
X, Y, Z (. 3.11).
. 3.11.
3. , ,
dX, dY, dZ, d -
.
. ,
, .
4. OK.
3.1.11.
, , .
(true surfaces) HFSS. ,
. :
1. Draw Cylinder.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
. 3. 12.

3. , ,
xy ( ).
4. ,
(. 3.12). ,
dX, dY, dZ.
5. OK.
3.1.12.
, , ,
, .
:
1. Draw, Box.
2. ,
, X, Y, Z.
3. , ,

dX, dY, dZ, d - .
. , , HFSS
.
. 3.13.
4. ,
. ,
dX, dY, dZ. Properties
(. 3.13).
5. OK.
3.1.13.
HFSS, -
;
.
(. 3.14).
1. Draw, Regular Polyhedron.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
. 3.14.
3. ,
, ,
dX, dY, dZ, d -
.
4. Segment number, Number of segments,

OK.
5. OK.
3.1.14.
(. 3.15), ,
. ,
.
. :
1. Draw, Cone.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
3. , ,
dX, dY, dZ,
d - .
. 3.15 .
4. , .
, dX, dY, dZ.
, .
5. ,
dX, dY, dZ.
Properties, (. 3.15).
3.1.15.
, , , . HFSS
.
(. 3.16) :
1. Draw Torus.
2. , , ,
X, Y, Z.
3. , :
.
dX, dY, dZ,
d - .
(. 3.16).
. 3.16.
4. ,
. .
Properties, .
3.1.16.
- , ,
() (.
3.17).
.
.
1. ,
, .
2. Draw Helix.
3. , :
a. ,
X, Y, Z.
b. ,
dX, dY, dZ.
Helix.
4. Right hand, -
Left hand, .
5. Pitch, ,
.
6. Turns, ,
.
. 3.17.
3.1.17.
- , ,
(. 3.18).
.
.
:
. 3.18. ,
1. ,
, ,
, .
2. Draw Spiral.
3. , :
a. ,
X, Y, Z.
b. ,
dX, dY, dZ.
Spiral.
4. Right hand, -
Left hand, .
5. Radius Change,
- .
,
.
6. .
7. Turns, ,
.
, . ,
, .
3.1.18.
Bondwire - ,
.
:
1. Draw Bondwire.
2. ,
X, Y, Z.
3. ,
X, Y, Z. Bondwires (. 3.19).
4. Type, Bondwire:
JEDEC 4-point JEDEC 5-point.
. 3.19.
5. No. of Facets.
3.
6. h1 (.
3.19). .
7. h2 -
. HFSS , .
h2, .
, h2
.
8. JEDEC 5-point, :
a.
alpha.
b.
beta.
9. OK.
3.1.19.

. .
1. Draw Point.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z (. 3.20).
Point .
. 3.20.
3.1.20.
.

.
HFSS.
1. Draw Plane.
2. , ,
X, Y, Z.
3. ,
,
dX, dY, dZ d - .
. ,
,
(. 3.21). Planes .
. 3.21.
3.2.
,
, (non-model).
;
.
, ,
,
, .

:
1.
. ,
, , 100
. ,
, Edit Sweeps.
2. ,

.
3. ,
, .
4. , ,
.
5. , ,
.
,
, (non-model).
,
.
3.2.1.
- :
1. 3D Modeler, New Object Type, Non
Model.
, Non Model
3D Modeler.
, ,
xy, yz, xz.
xy, yz, xz
,
.
2. .
3.2.2.
,
:
1. , .
2. Properties, Model.
.
,
.
3.3.
,
- , 3D Modeler,
:
.
.
.
(Delete).
(Move).
(Rotate).
(Mirror) .
( ).
(Duplicate).
.
(Sweep).
.
.
.
.
, .
(Connect).
(Move).
(Unite).
(Subtract).
.
.
(Split).
.
.
3.3.1.
(. 3.22)
. :
1. , .
2. Properties, Attribute.
3. Edit Color. .
4. Color, OK.
.
. 3.22. ,

1. Tools, Options 3D Modeler Options.

2. Display.
3. Object Default color.
4. Color Default color.
.
5. , OK.
, ,
, .
3.3.2.
1. Tools, Parameters, 3D Modeler.

2. Display.
3. Object Wire Default color.
4. Color Default color .
.
5. , OK.
, ,
, .
3.3.3.
,
, .
:
1. , .
3. Transparency. Set
Transparency (. 3.23).
4. , .
, .
5. OK.
. 3.23.
1. Tools, Parameters, 3D Modeler.

2. Display.
3. Default transparency ,
, ,
. , ,
, .
3.3.4.

, Edit>Copy Edit>Paste.
:
1. , .
2. Edit, Copy . .
.
3. , .
, .
4. 3D Modeler.
5. .
.
6. Edit, Paste.
.
. , ,
, .
3.3.5.
1. , .
2. Edit, Delete .
, , Delete. .
, ,
, ,
.
- ,
, , .
,
Delete. :
1. , ,
, .
.
2. , .
3. Edit, Delete. ,
Delete. , , .
,
.
.
3.3.6.
1. , .
2. Edit, Arrange, Move.
3. , ,
X, Y, Z.
4. , ,
dX, dY,
dZ, d - .
,
.
3.3.7.
x-, y-, z,
Edit>Arrange>Rotate. :
1. .
2. Edit Arrange, Rotate.

Rotate.
3. , : X, Y, Z.
4. Angle. -
.
.
5. OK. .
,
Edit>Duplicate>Around Axis.
3.3.8.
Edit>Arrange>Mirror
. ,
.
1. , .
.
2. Edit, Arrange, Mirror.
3. ,
.
, ,
.
4. , ,
dX, dY, dZ, d -
.
,
.
,
Edit>Duplicate>Mirror.
3.3.9.
Edit>Arrange>Offset
.
.

.
,
Surfaces>Move Faces>Along Normal.
:
1. , .
2. Edit Arrange, Offset.
Offset.
3. ,
.
4. OK.
3.3.10.
,
Edit>Duplicate.
, ,
.
,
,
( )
( ). ,
,
,
. ,
,
, .
, . ,
- , ,
, .
,
. ,
- (. 3.24).
:
Edit>Duplicate>Along
Line .
Edit>Duplicate>Around .
Axis
Edit>Duplicate>Mirror

.
,
Edit>Copy Edit>Paste.
. 3. 24. Z

,
, ,
.
,
Edit>Duplicate>Along Line. , ,
, , .
1. , .
2. Edit, Duplicate, Along Line .
3. , :
a. ,
X, Y, Z.
; ,
, .
b. , ,
dX, dY, dZ, d -
.
, .
Duplicate Along Line (. 3.25).
. 3. 25.
4. , , Total
number.
5. OK.
, .
x-, y-, z,
Edit>Duplicate>Around Axis.
1. , .
2. Edit Duplicate, Around Axis.
Duplicate Around Axis.
3. , : X, Y, Z.
4. Angle.

.
.
5. , , Total
Number.
6. OK.
, .
,
Edit>Duplicate>Mirror.
, .
1. , .
2. Edit Duplicate, Mirror.
3. ,
. , ,
.
4. , ,
dX, dY, dZ, d -
.
, ,
, .
, .
Edit>Arrange>Mirror, , .
3.3.11.
,
Edit>Scale.

. ,
,
- .
, 2 X,
,
(. 3.26). , ,
.
, .
. 3.26.
1. ,
.
2. , .
3. Edit, Scale. Scale.
4. .
5. OK.
.
3.3.12.
, 2D , ,
, . ,
, , , ,
, , 3D
Modeler. ,
.
1D ,
. .
()
x-, y-, z-, ,
Draw>Sweep>Around Axis (. 3.27).
-
.
, :
, ,
. , z,
, z, .. xz yz.

, .
, .
. 3.27. , X
:
1. , .
2. Draw, Sweep, Around Axis.

Sweep Around Axis.
3. , : X, Y, Z.
4. , , Angle of
sweep. -360 360.
5. .
6. Draft Type . Draft Type

HFSS, ,
.
7. OK. .
.
,
Draw>Sweep>Along Vector.
1. , .
2. Draw, Sweep, Along Vector.
3. , ,
,
X, Y, Z, ,
, dX, dY, dZ, d
- . Sweep
Along Vector.
4. ,
.
5. Draft Type:
Extended
, .
.
Round
Natural
, .
,
,
.
.
.
,
,
Draw>Sweep>Along Path.
, ,
, ,
. c,
.
1. , .
2. , ,
.
3. Draw, Sweep, Along Path.

Sweep Along Path.
4. . ,
, .
5. ,
.
6. Draft Type .
.
, , .
.
3.3.13.
,
3D Modeler>Surface>Cover Lines.
.
:
1. , ,
.
2. 3D Modeler, Surface, Cover Lines.
.
, ,
.
3.3.14.
,
3D Modeler>Surface>Cover Faces (. 3.28).
:
1. , .
2. 3D Modeler Surface, Cover Faces.
.
. 3.28.
, HFSS
, , , ,
, Automatically cover closed.
3.3.15.

.
3D Modeler>Surface>Uncover Faces.
:
1. : Edit, Select,
Faces.
2. , .
3. 3D Modeler, Surface Uncover Faces.
,
.
.
. ,
.
3.3.16.
3D Modeler>Surface>Detach Faces
,
.
:
1. : Edit, Select,
Faces.
2. , .
.
3. , 3D Modeler> Surface> Detach
Faces. ,
.
3.4.
.
3DModeler>Surface>Section.
,
xy, yz, xz.
(. 3.29).
. 3.29. YZ
1. , ,
.
2. , .
3. 3D Modeler Surface, Section.
4. , ,
: XY, YZ, ZX.
5. OK.
3.5.
3D Modeler>Surface>Connect,
:
1D . HFSS
, , ,
,
.
.
. HFSS
, ,
, ,
.
.
:
1. , .
2. 3D Modeler, Surface, Connect.
, , .
, , , ,
.
3.6.
3D ,
3D Modeler>Surface> Move Faces.
, (.
3.30).
. 3.30.
3.6.1.

,
3D Modeler>Surface>Move Faces>Along Normal.
, ,
, . ,
.
,
, , . 3. 31.
. 3.31. ,
,
:
1. Select Faces .
2. , .
3. 3D Modeler>Surface>Move Faces>Along Normal.
4. Move Faces Along Normal.
5. ,
.
6. OK.
, .
,
Edit>Arrange>Offset.
3.6.2.

, 3D Modeler>Surface>Move
Faces>Along Vector.
, (. 3.32).
. 3.32. ,

, ,
, .
.
:
1. Select Faces .
2. , .
3. 3D Modeler>Surface>Move Faces>Along Vector.
4. , :
a. , ,
X, Y, Z.
; ,

.
b. , ,
dX, dY, dZ , d -
.
,
. Enter.
, .

, Edit>Arrange>Offset.
3.7.
,
3D Modeler>Boolean>Unite.
, , , .
.
1. , .
2. 3D Modeler, Boolean, Unite .

(. 3.33).
, . ,
, .
. 3.33. ,
, , ,
.
, ,
:
,
.
Clone before unite 3D Modeler Options.
HFSS
.
3.8.
1. , .
2. Ctrl, , .
3. 3D Modeler, Boolean, Subtract .
Subtract. ,
Tool Parts ,
Blank Parts.
4. , ,
, (.
3.34).
,
Tool Parts, ,
, Blank Parts.
. 3. 34. Box4 Box3
5. , Clone tool objects before subtracting.

HFSS
.
6. OK. , ,
.
, ,
, .
3.9.
,
, 3D Modeler>Boolean>
Intersect.
:
1. , .
2. 3D Modeler, Boolean Intersect .
, ,
(. 3.35).
, , ,
.
. ,
.
. 3. 35.
,
. ,
, ,
;
Clone before intersect 3D Modeler Options.
, HFSS
, .

. , ,
, . , ,
Clone before intersect 3D Modeler Options.
Modeler>Boolean>Intersect, ,
(. 3.36).
.
. 3.36. xy
3.10.
3D Modeler>Surface>Create Object from Face

, .
:
1. Select Faces .
2. , .
, .
3. 3D Modeler Surface, Create Object from
Face.
,
.
3.11.
, xy, yz,
xz, 3D Modeler>Boolean>Split.
1. , .
.
2. 3D Modeler, Boolean, Split .

Split.
3. Split plane, .
4. ,
,
, (. 3.37).
5. OK.
. 3.37.

(.3.38).
. 3.38. ,
1. , .
2. 3D Modeler, Boolean, Separate

Bodies.
xy. (. 3.39).
. 3.39.
,
, , .
,
. :
.
.
.
1. , ,
, .
(. 3.40).
2. ,
, , Properties.
3. Properties, Value
Segment Type.
4. .
, , .
,
;
,
.
. 3.40. ,
.

3.12. 3D Modeler
,
- . , ,
, - .
?
.
.
.
.
.
3.12.1.
, HFSS .

, .
.
,
, , ,
. , Display
3D Modeler Options.
HFSS ,
, :
O.
,
Select Objects (. 3.41).
Edit, Select Objects.
Object
Selection 3D Modeler.
. 3. 41.
3.12.2.
1. , HFSS ,
O.
2. :
CTRL ,
.
CTRL ,
, .
Edit>Select All, ,
, .
CTRL+A Edit>Select All Visible
.
3.12.3.
1. , HFSS ,
O.
2. Edit, Select, By name.
Select Object.
3. Name, , .
Ctrl, .
, ,
(. 3.42).
. 3.42.
4. OK. .
3.13.
HFSS ,
, .
, CTRL,
. ,
.
,
, , ,
.
, Display 3D Modeler Options.
.
:
F.
,
Select Faces.
Edit, Select, Faces.
Face
Selection 3D Modeler.
3.13.1.
1. , ,
.
2. , F.
3. , .
4. Edit, Select, All Object Faces.
, ,
All Object Faces .
.
3.13.2.
1. , HFSS ,
F.
2. Edit Select, By name .

Select Face (. 3.43).
3. Objectn Name, ,
.
Face ID.
4. , Face ID.
.
. 3.43.
5. OK.
3.13.3.

.

.
:
1. , HFSS
F.
2. ,
.
3. 3D Modeler>List>Create>Face List.
.
Lists.

.
Geometry ,
Surface.
3.13.4.
HFSS ,
, .
, CTRL, .
, -
, , , .
, Display
3D Modeler Options.
.
,
:
Edit, Select Edges.
Edge 3D
Modeler Selection.
3.13.5.
HFSS ,
. ,
CTRL, .
,
, , ,
. ,
Display 3D Modeler Options.
.
,
:
Edit, Select, Vertices.
Vertex 3D
Modeler Selection.
, , ,
:
,
.
,
.
Edit, Deselect All.
Shift+Ctrl+A.
.
3.13.6.

, :
Edit, Select, Next Behind.
Next
Behind.
B.
Ctrl+B.
, ,
,
, .
3.14.
,
x, y, z X, Y,
Z, . ,
x, y, z dX, dY, dZ,
.
1. , Cartesian
.
2. x-, y-, z- X, Y, Z.
, .
3. , ,
, , .

x, y, z dX, dY, dZ Enter.
, ,
, , R,
X Theta, z
Z. ,
dR, dTheta,
dZ. :
1. , Cylindrical
.
2. r-, Theta -, z- R, heta, Z.

, .
3. , ,
.
dR, dTheta, dZ.
,
, R, x Theta,
Z Phi. ,
dR, dTheta, dPhi.
1. , Spherical
. Tab,
. Ctrl+Tab,
.
2. r-, theta -, phi - R, heta, Phi.

, .
3. , ,
.
dR, dTheta, dPhi.
,
.

(0, 0, 0). ,
.
,
.
:
1. .
2. Absolute Absolute/Relative
.
3. ,
.
,
.
, .
(0, 0, 0).
Tab,
. Ctrl+Tab,
.
, , -
, ,
; Relative
Absolute/Relative . ,
Absolute Absolute/Relative .
3.15.
,
. xyz-
:
,
, Ctrl+Enter.
X, Y Z,
:
, (
).
( ).
,
.
3.15.1.
,
:
1. .
2. :
3D Model, Movement Mode, In plane.
In Plane
Draw 3D Modeler.
, ,
, .
3.15.2.
,
Movement Mode 3D Model,
. 3.44. , , ,
,
.
Out of Plane.
,
(. 3.44).
3.15.3. 3D

:
1. .
2. :
3D Model Movement Mode, 3D.
3D Draw 3D
Modeler.
,
,
.
,
.
, ,
, (.
3.45).
. 3.45.
X-
,
- X:
1. .
2. :
3D Model, Movement Mode, Along X
Axis.
X.
Along X Axis
Draw 3D Modeler.
, ,
,
X.
,
, , (0.5, 0.5, 1.0)
.
Y-
,
Y:
1. .
2. :
3D Model, Movement Mode, Along Y

Axis.
Y.
Along Y Axis
Draw 3D Modeler. ,
, , ,
y.
Z-
Z:
1. .
2. :
3D Model, Movement Mode, Along Z
Axis.
Z.
Along Z Axis
Draw 3D Modeler:
, ,

Z.
3.16.
, , snap
to ( ) , ,
. ,
. ,
.
:
1. 3D Modeler, Snap Mode. Snap Mode.
2. , ,
Grid.
3. , Vertex.
4. , Edge Center.
, ,
.
5. , Face
Center.
6. ,
Quadrant. ,
:
Grid ( )
Vertex ( )
Edge Center ( )
Face Center ( )
Quadrant ( , )
Arc Center ( )
, (Grid),
, , , .

, Drawing 3D Modeler Options.
, ,
Snap Mode. ,
,
, .
3.17. ,
HFSS ,
: ,
, .
(CS) X,
Y, Z, xy.
(0,0,0) CS x-, y-, z-.
(CS) - ,
CS .
.
.

CS.
,
.
CS, ,
CS .
CS, CS,
CS, ,

CS.
CS .
.
,
.
,
, , CS. CS,
. CS
W,
CS . Properties (. 3.46)
CS, .
. 3.46.

(. 3.47).
. 3.47.

3.17.1.
CS,
. CS
CS CS. CS
, ,
:
1. 3D Modeler, Coordinate System, Set

Working CS. Select Coordinate System.
2. CS .
3. Select.
W CS
, , CS.
, , CS,
.
3.17.2.
,
:
CS,
,
CS.
CS,
, -
.

, CS,
CS. CS,
,
.
CS,
- .

,
CS:
1. CS ,
CS, CS.
2. 3D Modeler>Coordinate System>Create>Relative CS.
3. Relative CS, Offset.
4. , ,
X, Y, Z.
, ,
Movement Mode .
CS.
CS, .
Coordinate Systems
CS; ,
, CS.
xy, yz, xz.
CS
, CS:
1. , CS,
CS, CS.
3. Relative CS, Rotated.
4. X, , ,
X, Y, Z.
, ,
Movement Mode .
5. xy , , ,
dX, dY,
dZ, d - .
Z,
Y.
CS .
CS, .
Coordinate Systems
CS; , ,
CS.
,
CS:
1. , CS,
CS, CS.
3. Relative CS, Both.
4. , ,
X, Y, Z.
, ,
Movement Mode .
5. X, , ,
, dX,
dY, dZ, d - .
6. xy ,
:
.

dX, dY, dZ.
Z .
Y.
CS
Coordinate Systems. CS; ,
,
CS. xy, yz,
xz .
3.17.3.
1. ,
CS.
2. 3D Modeler>Coordinate System>Create>Face CS .
3. , ,
X, Y, Z.
4. X, , ,
,
dX, dY, dZ, d -
.
X-, Y- Z- . HFSS , Z
Y
Z.
CS Coordinate
Systems. CS; ,
, CS.
xy, yz, xz .
,
CS,
CS, CS.
CS, , ,
, , .
, , , CS
, CS.
Properties,
. ,
Edit>Arrange>Rotate, ,
, .
CS, ,
. :
1. Tools Options, 3D Modeler Options.
3D Modeler Options.
2. Automatically switch to face coordinate system.
3. OK.
, ,
,
. HFSS CS
CS. , ,
CS. (.
3.47).
. 3.48. HFSS

3.17.4.
1. 3D Modeler, Coordinate System, Edit.

Select Working CS.
2. CS, .
3. Select.
, , CS,
:
, CS.
,
CS.
, ,
CS.
3.17.5.
1. , ,
.
2. Edit, Delete, Delete.
, , ,
. , ,
CS, ,
CS, .
, ,
HFSS .
, .
, ,
, .
, HFSS ,
.
4

4.1. ,
,
, ..
, .
,
,
.
. 4.1.
Material Select Definition,

Assign Material (. 4.1)
(. 4.2). HFSS , 100
( .1).
. 1. HFSS Ansoft v.9 (

).
tg tg MS LG H
Air 1.0 1.0000 0 0 0 0 2 0
06 04
AI2_03_ceramic 9.8 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
AI_N 8.8 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Alumina_92pct 9.2 1 0 0.08 0 0 2 0
Alumina_96pct 9.4 1 0 0.06 0 0 2 0
Aluminium 1 1.0000 3.8E7 0 0 0 2 0
21
Arlon_25FR 3.4 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
3

Arlon_25N - 3.2 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
8
Arlon_270 - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_AD 270 - 2.7 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_AD 295 - 2.9 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
5
Arlon_AD 300 - 3.0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_AD 320 - 3.2 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_AD 360 - 3.6 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_AD 1000 - 10. 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
0
Arlon_AR 350 - 3.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_AR 450 - 3.0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_AR 600 - 3.0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
Arlon_CL - 3.0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
TE/LC
Arlon_Cu Clad - 2.1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
217 7
Arlon_Cu Clad - 2.3 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
233 3
Arlon_Cu Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 5
Arlon_Cu Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 GT 5
Arlon_Cu Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
GX 250 5
Arlon_Di Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 5
Arlon_ Di Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 5
Arlon_ Di Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 5
Arlon_ Di Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 5
Arlon_ Iso Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 5
Arlon_ Iso Clad - 2.5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
250 5
bakelite 4.8 0 0 2 0
Be_O 6.8 0 0 2 0
bensoziclobuten 2.6 0 0 2 0

Berillium 1 1.0000 0 0 2 0
0079
Brass 0 0 2 0
7
Bronze 1E 0 0 2 0
S/m
BT_systems 3.9 1 0 0 0 2 0

Cast_iron 1 60 0 0 2 0
Chromium 1 1 0 0 2 0
Cobalt 0 0 2 0
Cooper 0 0 2 0
Corning_glass 5.7 1 0 0 0 2 0
5
Cyenate_ester 3.8 1 0 0 2 0
Diamante 16. 1 0 0 0 2 0
5
Diamante_hi_pre 16. 1 0 0 0 2 0
ss 5
Diamante_pl_cv 16. 1 0 0 0 2 0
d 5
Dupont Type100 0 0 2 0
HN Film
Duroid 0 0 2 0
Epoxy_Kelvar_x 0 0 2 0
y
ferrite 12 1000 0.01 0 0 0 2 0
FR4_epoxy 3.8 0 0 2 0
Gallium_arsenid 0 0 2 0
e
GE GETEK 3.9 1 0 0 0 2 0
ML200/RG200
GIL GML1000 3.1 1 0 0.05 0 0 2 0
2
Glass 5.5 1 0 0 0 2 0
Glass_PTFEreinf 2.5 1 0 0 0 2 0
Gold 1 0.9999 4.1e7 0 0 2 0
6 S/m
Graphite 1 1 7e5 0 0 2 0
Indium 1 1 6.44e 0 0 2 0
6
Iron 1 4000 1.03E 0 0 2 0
7
Isola Gigaver 3.7 1 0 0 0 2 0
210 5
Krempel Akaflex 3.4 1 0 0 0 2 0
KCL
Lead 1 0.9999 5e7 0 0 2 0
83
Magnesium 1 1 2.25e 0 0 2 0
7
Marble 8.3 1 0 0 0 2 0
mica 5.7 1 0 0 0 2 0
Modified_epoxy 4.3 1 0 0 0 2 0
Molybdenum 1 1 1.76e 0 0 2 0
7
Nelco N4000-13 3.5 1 0 0 0 2 0
Nelco N4000-13 3.4 1 0 0 0 2 0
SI
Neltec NH9294 2.9 1 0 0 0 0 2 0
4
Nickel 1 600 1.45e 0 0 2 0
7
Palladium 1 1.0008 9.3e7 0 0 2 0
2
Pec 1 1 1e30 0 0 2 0

Perfect . 1 1 1e30 0 0 2 0
conductor
Plexiglass 3.4 1 0 0 0 2 0

Polyamide 4.3 1 0 0 0 2 0
Polyester 3.2 1 0 0 0 2 0
Polyethylene 2.2 1 0 0 0 2 0
5
Polyflon Cooper- 3.0 1 0 0 0 2 0
Clad ULTEM 5
polyimide 3.5 1 0 0 0 2 0
PolyimideQuarz 0 0 2 0
Polystyrene 2.6 1 1e-16 0 0 2 0

Porcelain 5.7 1 0 0 0 2 0
Quartz_glass 3.7 1 0 0 0 2 0
8
Rhodium 1 1 2.22e 0 0 2 0
7
Rogers RO3003 3 1 0 0 0 2 0

Rubber_hard 3 1 1e-15 0 0 2 0
Sapphire 10 1 0 0 0 2 0
Sheldahl 2.6 1 0 0 0 2 0
ComClad HF
Silicon 11. 1 0 0 0 2 0
9
Silicon_dioxide - 4 1 0 0 0 2 0
Silicon- - 7 1 0 0 0 2 0
NITRITE
Silver 1 0.9999 6.1e7 0 0 2 0
8
Solder 1 1 7e7 0 0 2 0
Steel_stainless 1 1 1.1e7 0 0 2 0
Taconic CER-10 10 1 0 0 0 2 0
Tantalum 1 1 6.3e7 0 0 2 0
Tantalum Nitride 1 1 7400 0 0 2 0
Teflon 2.1 1 0 0 0 2 0
Tin 1 1 8.67e 0 0 2 0
7
Titanium 1 1.0001 1.82e 0 0 2 0
8 7
Tungsten 1 1 0 0 2 0
Vacuum 1 1 0 0 0 2 0
Water_distilled . 81 0.9999 0.000 0 0 0 2 0
91 2
Zinc 1 1 1.67e 0 0 2 0
7
Zirconium 1 1 2.11e 0 0 2 0
7
(. 4.2)
.

.
. 4.2. HFSS Ansoft.

Add Materials ,
(. 4.3).
. 4.3.

,
. :
1. Adding a New
Material.
2. Options, ,
- .
3. Functions, ,
.
4. (. 4.4).
. 4.4.
HFSS
(. . 4.5),

, ..
. 4.5.

Edit Material (. 4.6) Simple.
(. 4.6):
,
Anisotropic Material.
,
,
,
.. (. . 4.6).
. 4.6.
,
, ,
,
.
, .
, ,
.
,

(. 4.7):
(Magnetic saturation)
G (Lande G factor)
H (Delta H)
. 4.7.
,
.
, . 4.7. . 4.7. ,

,
, , ..
4.2.
,
,
,
HFSS.

(Relative Permeability) -
.
, :
= '+ j ' ' , ( 4.1)
''
= ' 1 j
'
( 4.2)

/
.
= '+ j ' ' ( 4.3)
''
= ' 1 j ( 4.4)
'
/ .
- ,
,
,
c
r r r
rotH = ( + j ) E = j c E , ( 4.5)

= 1 j tan j
. ( 4.6)
Relative
Permittivity.
c - ,
r.
(Bulk Conductivity)
HFSS
,
, ,
.
Solve Inside Properties.
Solve Inside,
() .
.
.

.
, ,
- . ,
,
. , -,
,
. ,
:
1
rot rotE = ( j + ) E . ( 4.7)
j
, , ,
.
, ,
, .
.
1 0 0 0
[ ] = 0 20 0 , ( 4.8)
0 0 3 0
1 -
.
2 - .
3 - .
0 .
H
B:
Bx H x
B = [ ] H
y y ( 4.9)
B z H z

, 1, 2, 3 Value T (1,1), T (2,2), T
(3,3), (. 4.7).
,
1, 2, 3.
.
1 0 0 0
[ ] = 0 2 0 0 , ( 4.10)
0 0 3 0
1 -
.
2 - .
3 - .
0 - .

D:
Dx Ex
D = [ ] E
y y ( 4.11)
Dz E z

, 1 , 2 , 3 T (1,1), T
(2,2), T (3,3). .
1 0 0
[ ] = 0 2 0 ,
(4.12)
0 0 3
1-
.
2 - .
3 - .
J
E :
J x Ex
J = [ ] E
y y ( 4.13)
J z E z
,
1, 2, 3 T (1,1), T (2,2), T (3,3), .
.
tan 1 0 0
[T ] = 0 tan 2 0 ,
( 4.14)
0 0 tan 3
1 , 2 3 - .
[T ]
[ ] , D E
:
Dx Ex
D = [ ] E
y y , ( 4.15)
D z E z
[ ] = [ ](E i[T ]) ,
E - , [ ] (4.10).

, tan 1 , tan 2 tan 3 .
Value T (1,1), T (2,2), T (3,3) .
[Tm ]
[ ] :
tan 1m 0 0
[Tm ] = 0 tan 2 m 0
( 4.16)
0 0 tan 3m
1m , 2 m 3m - .
B H :
Bx H x
B = [ ] H
y y ( 4.17)
B z H z

, tan M 1 , tan M 2 , tan M 3 T(1,1), T(2,2),
T(3,3). .

:
:
- .

.

,
.
, -.
:
t jk 0
= 0 jk t 0
(4.19)
0 0 1
(4.19) ,
0z. :
0 m
t = 1 +
02 2
(4.20)
0 m
k= 2
0 2 (4.21)
0 = m 0 H 0 (4.22)
m = m 0 M S (4.23)
m- ,
H 0 - ,
M S - ,
0 - .
.

(4.19) ,

.
(4.19) (, ,
). 0 :
0 = 0 (1 + j ) , (4.24)
:
0 H
=
2 , (4.25)
H - ,
. H
Delta H.
.

.

.
,
.

(Magnetic Saturation). ,

. ,
. s
.
. 4.10, , B-H
.
. 4.8. .

g , ,
,
.
-, g = 1.99 2.01. g
.
4.3.
.
-
,
,
. 4.9.

. 4.9 :
epsrlower -
20 - 50 GHz.
epsrupper -
20 - 50 GHz.
f lower - ,
.
f upper - ,
.
,
Piecewise Linear Material Input,

. , HFSS
,
.
- , ,
( DC)
( ).
Loss Model Material Input.

.
, 10 ,
.
:
( rstatic roptical )
rcomplex = roptical + ( 4.18)
1 + j
= .
rstatic = .
roptical =
.
HFSS ,
Loss Model Material Input (4.18),
.
.
,
.
4.4.
,
, (Magnetic Bias
Source). ,
.
.
.
,
.
.
,
Maxwell 3D Field Simulator.

,
- 0z
,
.
;
.
, ,

( ). ,
, .
Magnetic
Bias Source :
1. X
(X Angle).
2. Y
(Y Angle).
3.
(Z Angle).
. 4.10.

X. y '
( Y).
z '' ( Z).
(x" y" z")
.
. 4.10.

, X,
, z-
X . , X
Angle= 0, Y Angle=90, Z Angle=0.
, ,
.
, ,
.
Maxwell 3D Field Simulator
Ansoft .
, HFSS.
1. 3D ,
.
2. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Magnetic Bias.
Magnetic.
3. Name .
4. : Uniform
Non-uniform, Next.
5. Uniform, :
a. Internal Bias /.
.
b. ,
,
X Angle, Y Angle, Z Angle.
.
Non-uniform, Maxwell 3D
Field Simulator Project, Browse .
HFSS
.
6. Finish.
MaxwellEminence
MaxwellEminence - ,
Ansoft,
.

.
Maxwell Eminence

.

,

, S-
.
.
.
,
. S-
,
.
.
HFSS, ,
,
,
, , . HFSS
, .

,

.
5
HFSS Ansoft
, ,
,
.

. HFSS 9 :
Perfect E .
Perfect H ,
H- .
Impedance .
Radiation ,
.
PML ,
,

Finite
Conductivit
y
Symmetry ,
E H
Master , E-
E- (
slave)
Slave , E-
, E-
( Master)

Lumped
RLC , , -

Layered ,
Impedance
E ,
,
(infinite ground plane), ,
.
.
5.1. Perfect E
E
(). , :
1. ,
E .
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Perfect E. Perfect E
Boundary (. 5.1).
. 5.1.

3. Name,
PerfE.
4. Infinite Ground Plane, ,

.
.
5. OK. Boundary
.
5.2. Perfect H
Perfect H ,

. :
1. ,
H (. 5.2).
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Perfect H. Boundary
Perfect H.
3. Name,
.
. 5.2. Perfect H
( dra_diel Projects)
4. OK. Boundaries
.
5.3.
.
.
. :
1. , .
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Impedance.
Impedance Boundary (. 5.3).
3. Name,
.
. 5.3.
50 / 50 /

4. Resistance / Reactance /.

.
, Zs,
/. / , , Zs,
Z,
.
, L W
I, . V.
Z [].
. 5.4.
J, , ,
, ,
r r
n E Z s n J ,
E = Zs J (5.1)
r r
E = E J = J (. 5.4).
:
L
r r
V = EdL = EL
(5.2)
x =0
r w
I = y J xdy = JW
(5.3)
y =0
V EL
Z= = (5.4)
I JW
(5.1) (5.4)
:
L
Z = Zs (5.5)
W
, L = W,
. .
5.4.
( Driven Modal
Driven Terminal)
Radiation , ,
,
. HFSS Radiation,
, .
,
,
, , ,
.
, ,
Radiation, .
1. , ,
.
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Radiation.
Radiation Boundary (. 5.5). ,
(. 5.6).
3. Name.
4. OK.
Boundary.
. ,
.
.
. 5.5.

. 5.6. , .
5.5
HFSS Radiate: PML.

(PML)
, ,
. .
PML:
, .
, PML
,
. PML ,
Radiate, PML
,
.
PML ,
, ,
. ,
, , . PML
, ,
.
5.5. PML
(Perfect Material Layer - PML)

, ,
. PML
Radiation: ;
, Radiation ,
PML, .
HFSS PML .
PML , , PML,
. PML :
1. PLM .
2. PML, PML.
, , ,
.
3. HFSS, Boundary, PML Setup Wizard.

PML Setup (. 5.7).
. 5.7. PLM

4. Create PML Cover Objects on Selected Faces ( ,

- ).
5. Uniform Layer
Thickness. .
6. Create joining corner and edge objects.

PML ,
PML , .
7. Next.
HFSS PML , .
, PML,
HFSS, PML.
8. , PML,
(. 5.8):
a. PML Objects Accept Free Radiation, PML
. Min Frequency
.
b. PML Objects Continue Guided Waves, PML

.
.
9. PML
Minimum Radiating Distance.
, ,
PML . ,
.
PML
PML.
. 5.8. PML
10. Next. HFSS PML

- ,
PML. (. 5.9),
.
11. Finish.
PML :
1. PML , .
2. Properties PML.
, PML, HFSS,
PML.
3. HFSS Boundaries, PML Setup

Wizard. PML Setup (. 5.7).
4. Use Selected Object as PML Cover.

. 5.9. PML
5. Corresponding Base Object,

PML, .
6. Uniform Layer Thickness.

- .
7. PML, ,
-, .
8. Next.
9. , PML ,
:
a. PML Objects Accept Free Radiation, PML
. Min Frequency
.
b. PML Objects Continue Guided Waves, PML
.
.
10. PML
Minimum Radiating Distance.
11. Next. HFSS PML,

,
PML.
12. Finish.
PML
PML
:
PML. HFSS
PML.
PML z,
.
HFSS PML . PML

, ,
PML (
/20).
, PML .
HFSS PML,
. ,
. PML
,

.

. PML
.
. 45.
, PML.
PML:
1. , 3D Modeler.
2. HFSS, Boundaries, PML Setup

Wizard. PML.
3. PML ,
PML, .
4. PML.
5. Recalculate. HFSS
PML .
6. Finish.
, PML ,
PML
PML Setup Wizard. ,
PML, PML PML Setup
Wizard.
, PML
PML . PML
. 5.10.
.5.10. PML,

,
PML/ , x-, y- z- PML
(PML_X, PML_Y, PML_Z) .
PML_X:
[ ] = 1
C C (5.6)
[ ] = 1
C C
0 C 0 C
(5.7)

PML_Y:
[ ] = 1
C (5.8)
[ ] = 1
C
0 C 0 C
(5.9)
PML_Z:
[ ] = C
1 [ ] = C
1
0 C (5.10) 0 C (5.11)
C = a - jb.
, PML_X, PML x-
, PML yz . ,
PML_Y PML_Z PML y- z-.
PML ,
PML . ,
PML , PML,
, PML_X PML_Y,
PML_XY:
[ ] = [1 1 C2 ] [ ] = [1 ]
1 C 2 (5.13)
0 (5.12) 0
PLM x-
z- y- z- .
PML_XYZ:
[ ] = [ C]
[ ] = [ C]
0 (5.14) 0 (5.15)
PML,
- . ,
(PEC)
(PMC). PEC
.
5.5.4.

. ;
HFSS .
,
- ,
- , -
.
1. , ,
.
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Finite Conductivity.
Finite Conductivity Boundary (. 5.11).
3. Name.
4. :
Simens/m, .
Use Material, ,
.
- , ,
.
. 5.11.

- ,
.
, , Infinite Ground Plane,

, ,
- .
6. OK. ,
- .

.
:
E = Z s ( n H ) (5.20)
:
E , ,
ZS - , ZS =( 1 + j ) / ( ) ,
n - , ,
H ,
- - ,
, = 2 /( ) ;
- ,
- ,
. .

.
,
.
,
.
, E-
, ,
.
,
,
. , HFSS ;

.
,
,
,
.
,
- ,
.
5.6.
E H
-.
, .
Driven Modal Eigenmode.
:
1. ,
(. 5.12).
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Symmetry.
Symmetry Boundary.
3. Name,
-.
4. : Perfect E Perfect H.
. 5.12.
5. Impedance Multiplier.
,
,
. Port Impedance
Multiplier (. 5.12).
6. Impedance Multiplier, OK.
7. OK.
, :
.
, 3D
Modeler.
.

.
E
H
, , ,
: E H:
, E-
, E .
, E- ,
H .
, . 5.13,
. E-
(TE10). ,
.
. 5. 13.
Perfect E. E-
, H- .
Perfect H. E- , H-
.
, , .
, - , E
; , E-
,
.
, ,
E- H- .
H E
.
5.7. Master Slave

, E- E-
(. 5.14).
E- Slave,
E-
Master.
.
0 90
. 5.14. Master Slave 90
, ,

, E
. ,

( ).
, :

.
.

. , Master -
, Slave
.
(. 5.15)
, . HFSS
; ,

. ,
,
,
,
.
()
,
. 5.15.
,
, ,
. HFSS ,
.
, HFSS Slave ,
. ,
Slave, . , ,

, .
, . 5.16.
. 5.16. ,

,
90 ;
, , . 5.17.
. 5.17. Master Slave
. 5.17
, .
, u v,
.
5.7.1. Master

, E-
E- Master
. E-
Master Slave, ,
.
1. , .
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Master.
Master Boundary.
3. Name.
4. , -
. U . HFSS
U,
, V-. V (.
5.18).
a. New Vector ( U).
Master Boundary , U.
b. U ,
, ,
X, Y, Z.
c. u-. Master
Boundary.
d. V, Reverse Direction.
. 5.18. UV
5. OK. HFSS E-
- , ,
.
5.7.2. Slave
Master Slave
. E- Slave,
E- Master
. :
1. , Slave.
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Slave.
Slave.
3. Name.
4. Master.
, ,
.
5. ,
. U .
HFSS U,
, V-.
V.
a. New Vector U Vector.

Boundary Slave , U.
b. U ,
, ,
X, Y, Z.
c. u-. Boundary
Slave.
d. V, Reverse direction.
6. Next.
7. , E- Slave E-
Master :
Phi
Theta.
; ,
,
Phase Difference.
Field Radiation, ,
, E- Phase Difference. HFSS
E- Master, ,
Slave Master.
, phi, ,
.
E- Slave
E- Slave E-
. E- ;
.
, , ES,
, EM, ,
. ,
.
, (, )
.

= k ' r0 (5.21)
k' ,
r0 - ,
- .
, HFSS
.

. :
E S = e j E M (5.22)
, ES EM.
. ,
, .
5.8. RLC
,
, / , ,
, Lumped RLC boundary.
- R, L, C (. 5.19).
. 5.19. RLC
, lumped RLC
- :
E tan = Z S (n H tan ) (5.23)
Zs Rs + jXs,
Rs / .
Xs /.
n
Htan H-, .
, ,
- , R, L,
C. HFSS
RLC .
RLC
, , - ,
. - R, L,
. ,
RLC
: ,
,
, , .
:
1. , ,
RLC .
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Lumped RLC.
Lumped RLC Boundary (. 5.20).
. 5.20. RLC
3. Name.
4. :
, Resistance,
.
, Inductance,
.
, Capacitance,
.
, .
5. ,
. :
a. New Line Current Flow Line.

Lumped RLC Boundary ,
.
b. , ,
X, Y, Z.
c. , .
. ,
, , ,.
, Swap End Points Current Flow Line.
5.9.
,
.
,
, , HFSS
, , .

.

.
HFSS -
.
HFSS
,
.
,
.
1. ,
- .
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Assign>Layered Impedance.
Layered Impedance Boundary (.
5.21).
3. Name.
4. Surface Roughness .
,
- .
.
5. Next.
. 5.21. . 5.22.
1
2
6. :
Infinite, Perfect E, Perfect H Thickness/Type.

, HFSS ,
; .
,
:
a. Internal ( . 5.22).
b. Thickness/Type.
.
7. , vacuum,
.
8. :
a. New Layer (. 5.22). .
b. Thickness/Type.
.
c. , Vacuum
.
9. , ,
.
10. ,
- , :
a. , Test Frequency
.
b. Calculate.
, HFSS.
11. Finish.
.
,
,
Z inputk +1ch( k d k ) + Z wk sh( k d k )
Z inputk = Z wk (5.24)
Z inputk +1 sh( k d k ) + Z wk ch( k d k )
Zinputk k- ,
0 rk
Z wk = - (5.25),
0 rk
ch ,
sh .
k = k 0 rk rk - (5.26),
k0 ,
rk k- .
rk k- .

rk = k j + epsr tan (5.27)
0
rk = murk j (murk tan m k ) (5.28)
dk k .
surface roughness
.
. Ansoft
HFSS
:

= (5.29)
K w2

,
1.6
s
K w = 1 + exp , (5.30)
2h
h .
s -.
5. 10.
(),
Infinite ground plane E,
, .
.

.
, ,
, ,
, ,
. , ,
.
Infinite
ground plane,
.
,
, .
, :

.
.

.

.

.
:
- (Frequency-Dependent Boundaries)
(Default Boundary Assignments)
,
. - Freq.
,
Freq:
Impedance - Resistance Reactance.
Finite conductivity - Conductivity.
, .
Slave - Phase.
RLC R, L, C.
- ,
, .
, Freq
Discrete Interpolating.
Fast sweep, ,
.
, ,
:
smetal Perfect E ,
Solve Inside Properties
.
i_<object , ,
name> Solve Inside
Properties
. <object name> ,

outer ,
.
, HFSS ,
.
5.13.
, :
.
, .
,
Properties . ,
.
HFSS, List. Design List,

.
1. , ,
.
2. Edit Delete.
, HFSS Boundaries,
Delete All.

Design List:
1. HFSS List. Design List.

2. Boundaries, ,
.
3. Delete.
. ,
, .
, ,
,
. ,
. :
1. , ,
.
2. HFSS>Boundaries>Reassign. Reassign
Boundary.
3. , OK.
.
, , ,
(. 5.23).

, Reassign .
. 5.23. WavePort LumpPort
. ,

WavePort, Lumped Port.
,
HFSS .
, ,
, Reprioritize.

, .
, ,

. ,
.
1. HFSS>Boundaries>Reprioritize,
. HFSS>Excitations>Reprioritize,
.
Reprioritize Boundaries and Excitations (. 5.24).
, ,
.
. ;
.
. 5.24.
2.
.
, ,
.
,
.

1. HFSS Options: Tools,

Options, HFSS Options.
2. Duplicate boundaries with geometry.

, .
1. , .
2. 3D Modeler, Surface, Create Object

From Face.
3. .
4. ,
Paste.
5.14.
, .
,
.
5.14.1.
1. View, Visibility. Visibility (. 5.25).

. 5.25.
2. Boundaries,
. Excitations,
.
3. Visibility ,
. , .
4. Visibility ,
.
,
.
5.14.2.
1. HFSS>Boundaries>Visualization,
. HFSS>Excitations>Visualization,
.
2. View Geometry, View
Name, View Vector, .
. .
5.14.3.
,
,
HFSS.

.
1. HFSS, Boundary Display (Solver View). HFSS

.
Solver View of Boundaries (. 5.26),
,
Reprioritize Boundaries and Excitations.
. 5.26.
2. Visibility .
3D
Modeler .
, Solver
Visibility Visible to Solver.
,
-
, Solver Visibility
Overridden.
3. , ,
.
4. ,
.
5.15.
,
" ".
" " HFSS,
.
" ",
:
1. .
2. " ".
3. .
4. .
Defaults (. 5.27).
. 5.27.
5. Defaults, Save Defaults. ,

, " " ,
.
6. , Revert to Standard Defaults.

" ",
, " ",
HFSS.
5.16.
HFSS ,
- , , ,
.
Driven:
Wave Port ,

.
Lumped ,
Port
.
Incident ,
Wave .
Voltage
Source .
Current
Source .
Magnetic ,
Bias

,
:
.
.
.
.
5.16.1.
,
. ,
.

, .. (modal)
(terminal).
,
E ,
.
, ,
.
. 5.28.
HFSS , , ,
,
, . S-, HFSS ,
(),
. ,

.
(. 5.28).
HFSS , .

. 1 ,
. , , 2
,
..
,
Lumped Port.
S- . S-
Y- Z-.

.
5.16.2. modal
, ,
,
, E-, .
, , E-
, ,
. .
, Polarize E Field, HFSS
(. 5.29).
. 5.29.

E-. E-
t = 0 .
, ,
Polarize E Field. ,
, .
E-, ,
:
E- .
, (
).
E-, .

.
1. , .
2. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Wave Port.
Wave Port (. 5.30).
3. Name,
, Next.
. 5.30.
4. , ,
Number of Modes, Update. mode
, (. 5.31).
. 5.31.

5. ,
:
a. .
b. , , Zpi,
Zpv, Zvi Characteristic Imp.
c. Polarize E Field, E-
( 1) .
6. Next.
7. ,
Renorm, (. 5.32).
8. , Deembed,
.
. , Get Distance
Graphically, .
. 5.32. S-
9. Finish.
. ,
,
.
,
, - .

.
5.16.3. Terminal
1. ,
(. 5.33).
2. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Wave Port.
Wave Port.
3. Name, ,
Next.
4. ,
Number of Terminals, Update.
,
. ,
.
5. ,
Next.
6. ,
, Next.
7. ,
Reference Impedance.
8. , Deembed,
, .
, Get Distance Graphically,
.
9. Finish.
.
.
. 5.33. (
). 4 : H11 , H11
E01 H21
5.17.
,
,
(. 5.34). S-
. ,
.
modal terminal.

.
. 5.34. ,

.
terminal, ,
.

.
Zs,
S-. Zs
; ,
V I, .
S-,
Zs

.
, S-
- 1, .
, (.
5.35), ,
,
.
. 5.35. ,
Bluetooth,
5.17.1. Terminal

: , .
,
, .
Ansoft Designer, , MWO ,
S- ,
. ,
,
:
1. ,
.
2. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Lumped Port.
Lumped Port (. 5.36).
. 5.36.
3. Name .
4. :
a.
Resistance.
b. Reactance,
- Next. .
5. , :
Zpi, Zpv Zvi Characteristic Imp, Finish.
5.17.2.
,
,
; ,
Zpv Zvi (. 5.37).
1. Wave Port Lumped Port, Modes.
2. New Line Integration Line.

, .
. 5.37.
Terminals
3. , ,
X, Y Z.
4. , (.
5.38).
.
Wave Port Lumped Port.
. 5.38. ,

5.17.3.
- , :
,
.
, ;
.
, Zpv Zvi .
, , ,
, . , ,
,
.
, .
5.17.4.
, ,
.
, .
1. Wave Port, Modes.
2. , ,
.
3. Duplicate Line Integration Line.

, ,
.
4. , :
a. ,
, X, Y, Z.
b. .
, . Duplicate Port
Line.
5. , ,
Number of Duplicates. ,
,
, .
6. , Assign to existing modes.

, ,
, .
7. OK.
, .
5.17.5.
Modes
Wave Port Lumped Port.

:
Swap Endpoints Line Integration.

.
:
Copy from Moden Line Integration.

.
,
None Line Integration.
5.17.6.

- .
1. Wave Port Lumped Port,
Terminals.
2. New Line Terminal Line.

, .
3. ,
X, Y, Z. Enter.
4. , .
, :

, ,
.
- .
.
.
, 1 ,
2.
, .

. ,
.
, ,
,
,
.
, ,
+ - .
; +,
- .
5.17.7.
, ,
.
.
1. Wave Port, Terminals (. 5.39).
2. , ,
.
3. Duplicate Line Terminal Line.

, ,
.
. 5. 39.
4. , :
a.
, X, Y, Z.
b. , .
,
. Duplicate Port Line.
5. Number of Duplicates.
, ,
.
6. Assign to existing terminals.

, ,
, .
, .
7. OK. , .

Swap Endpoints Terminal Line.
.
None Terminal
Line.
5.18.
,
, ,
- .
,
.

- ,
Zo ,
.

, (. 5.41).
,
.
.
, HFSS,
.
vd v
,
v1 v2,
Wave Port (. 5.40).
. 5.40. Differential Pairs
vd vC
v1 + v 2
v d = v1 v 2 vc = (5. 31)
2
,
, id iC
,
i1 i2
id = ic = i1 + i2 (5. 32)
2
(5.14) (5.15)
v = Qe (5. 33)
i = Q T u
v i1 v i
v = 1, i = , e = d , u = d
v 2 i2 vc ic
-Q - , ,
1 / 2 1
Q= (5.34)
1 / 2 1
Q T - , Q ,
1 1 / 2
Q T = (5.35)
1 1 / 2
(5.35),
.
. 5.41.
, L/4

,

.

(Y) (Z) ,
, .
e u,
(5.31, 5.32), Y Z ,
.
, i= Yv, (5.35),
Q- Tu = YQe (5.36).
u = QTYQe (5.37)
Y ', e u,

Y ' = QTYQ (5.38)
Z.
S-
, S-
,
. S-

, .
.
,
,
() ,
v1 zref 0 i1
(1)
v = 0 ( 2)
zref (5.39)
2 i2
(1) ( 2)
zref z ref - . ,
,

vd z ref 0 id
(d )
v = 0 (c) (5.40).
c z ref ic
(d ) (c )
, z ref z ref
, .
,
, .
(. 5.42):
1. Wave Port Lumped Port,

Differential Pairs.
2. New Pair.
3. .
4. .
5. Differential Mode,
Name,
Ref. Z.
6. Common Mode, :
a. Name.
b.
Ref. Z.
. 5.42.
, HFSS ,
- S-
Matrix Solution Data.
5.19.
() ,

. :
1. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Incident Wave.
Incident Wave (. 5.43).
2. Name,
.
3. k, E-,
E0, Cartesian Spherical ,
Next.
. 5. 43.

4. Cartesian, :
a. x-, y-, z- k X, Y, Z (. 5.43).
b. E0 Vector X, Y, Z.
.
5. Spherical, (. 5.44):
a. Phi, Start, Stop, Points ( ).
View, .
b. Theta, Start, Stop, Num Points.
c. E0 Phi Theta.
. 5. 44.
, .
,
. , ,
, Num Point.
6. Finish.
,
:
k E .
phi Theta .
phi Theta E .
k, E-, E0,
, :
, z
, (0, 0, 1) k vector.
E0 .
k E0; , k E0
, .
E-,
, :
Points . ,
0 180 10, 19 18
.
,
.
5.20.
,
- .
, , ,
,
. , HFSS
,
.
1. ,
.
2. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Voltage. Voltage
Source (. 5.45).
3. Name, .
4. , , Magnitude.
.
. 5.45.
5. , .
New Line E-Field Direction.
Voltage Source , .
, ,
X, Y, Z. ,
. .
6. OK.
, , (v i)
(. 5.46).
. 5.46.
, ,
:
1. Excitations
. Voltage Source.
2. .
3. E- Swap Endpoints
E-Field Direction. E-
; .
5.21.
,
. ,
,
, (.
5.47).
1. ,
.
2. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Current.
Current Source.
. 5. 47. ,

3. Name.
4. , ,
Magnitude. .
5. , :
a. New Line Current Flow Direction.
Current Source , .
b. , ,
X, Y, Z.
c. , .
.
6. OK.
, , (v i)
.
5.22.
,
, , ..
.
, (. 4).
1. ,
.
2. HFSS>Excitations>Assign>Magnetic Bias.
.
3. Name.
4. Uniform
Non-uniform, Next.
5. Uniform, :
a. Internal Bias / .
.
b. xyz-
X Angle, Y Angle, Z Angle.
.
Non-uniform, :
Maxwell 3D Field Simulator Project,

Browse . HFSS
.
6. Finish.
.
5.23.
, :
Excitations .
,
(. 5.48).
,
Properties .
, .
HFSS, List. Design List.
Excitations,
.
. 5. 48.
1. , ,
.
2. Edit Delete.
:
HFSS Excitations, Delete All.

Design List:
1. HFSS, List. Design List.
2. Excitations, ,
.
3. Delete.
. ,
,
. ,
,
,
. ,
.
1. , ,
.
2. HFSS>Excitations>Reassign. Reassign
Excitation.
3. , OK.
.
5.24.

,
, .
1. HFSS>Excitations>Edit Impedance Mult.

Port Impedance Multiplier (. 5.49).
. 5.49.
2. Impedance Multiplier.
.
3. OK.
5.25. S-
,
S- (
Wave Port.).
Wave Port, Wave port
, Post Processing.
S-
:
1.
, .
Wave Port.
2. Post Processing.
3.
50 . Renorm,
Value.
4. OK, . ,
,
.
,
- , ..
. ( Wave Port.).
,
Wave Port, ,
Post Processing.
S-:
1. ,
.
Wave Port.
2. Post Processing.
3. Deembed, ,
Distance.
.
.
.
4. OK, .
, S-.
,
S-.
HFSS, ,
,
. .
, .

.
6
HFSS
,
HFSS, .
,
. , .
, HFSS :
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. , .
5. ,
.
6. Driven solution, -
, ,
.
, , .
, , ,
.
1. HFSS, Solution Type. Solution Type

(. 6.1).
2. :
Driven S-
Modal ,
, ,
() .
Driven S- ,
Terminal ,
,
.

.
Eigenmode ,
. Eigenmode

.
. 6. 1. General HFSS
Options
6.1. HFSS Ansoft v.9

Driven Modal, HFSS
S-
, , .

,
.
Driven Solution Ansoft HFSS
( ):
Sx + k o2Tx = b (6. 1)
:
S T - , .
x .
ko .
b - , .
Driven Terminal , , HFSS

S- ,
. S-
,
.
Eigenmode
. Eigenmode
, ,
.
, Eigenmode
(6.1) b =0 :
Sx + ko2Tx = 0 . (6.2)
x - , ko
, .
ko :
ko c
f = (6.3)
2
.
Eigenmode :
: , ,
, , .
.
.
S-.
.
6.2. HFSS
S- , HFSS :
.
.
, ,
.
S-
.
(. 6.2)
:
1. HFSS .
.
2. (lambda
refinement), HFSS ,
.
3. , .
4. , HFSS
.
. 6.2. ,
.

6. , HFSS
,
. (. 6.3).
7. HFSS , .
8. HFSS , (
) ,

(. 6.3).
9. , HFSS
.
.
, HFSS ,
. ,
(. 6.5, 6.6).
. 6.3. General . 6.4. Advanced

. 6.5. . 6.6.

.
. 2.1349
2.116
6.3.

HFSS .
, , .
, ,
, . ,
,
.
, ,
, . HFSS
.
, , ,
,
(. 6.7).
(), ,
, .
10 , .
, ,
(background). ()
, ,
.
,
.
. 6.7. ()

6.4. . Meshmaker
HFSS -
, HFSS
, ,
.
( )
,
. ,
, , -
,
, .
HFSS
. , Mesh Operations
HFSS (. 6.8).
. 6.8.

,
(, )

(, - -).
.
, ,
,
.
, .
, ,
.
.

, HFSS
Meshmaker.
, .
Meshmaker
,
. Meshmaker
.
,
.
.
:
,
(
). ,
,
.

,
.

.
6.4.1.
,
,
.
.
.
,
.
, , .
6.4.2. -
-
, HFSS
.
.
- ,
(. 6.9).
6.9. -
-, HFSS
, ,
-.
, (P0, P1, P2, ...,
Pn) , n . P0 - ,
P0 Pn -.
, ,
, Pn P0.
, :
-: 12 mm
: 4
[P0,P1]: 0.8 mm.
[P1,P2]: 1.6 mm.
[P2,P3]: 3.2 mm.
[P3,P4]: 6.4 mm.
[P0,P4]: 0.8 + 1.6 + 3.2 + 6.4 = 12 mm.
-
,
.
,
:
,
-.
,
,
, .
,
.
Plot Mesh. (. 6.10).

, , ,
.
. 6.10.
6.5.
HFSS ,
-, , , .
true surfaces ( ).
, HFSS
-.
,
(. 6.11).
. 6.11.
,
;
. ,

. ,
.
.
,
(
).

.
,

.
,
(. 6.12).
,
, (surface
deviation), ,

Surface Approximation
( HFSS>Mesh Operations>Assign>Surface Approximation).
.
, ,
(true surfaces). ,
,
.
. 6.12. ,

, :
,
,
.
.
.
,
,
, .
HFSS ,
1,

. 1
- . HFSS
4 1.2
.
6.5.1.

1. ,
. , , HFSS
.
. 6. 13.
2. HFSS>Mesh Operations>Assign>On Selection>Length-Based.

Element Length Based Refinement (. 6.13).
3. Name,
.
4. , :
a. Restrict Length of Elements.
b. ,
, Maximum Length of Elements.
" " 20 %
.
HFSS ,
,
, .
5. ,
:
a. Restrict the Number of Elements.
b. Maximum Number of Elements, .
c. OK.
(. 6.14),
. ,

.
. 6.14.

6.5.2.

1. , .
2. HFSS>Mesh Operations>Assign>On Selection>Length-Based.
Element Length-Based Refinement (. 6.15).
3. Name.
4. :
a. Restrict Length of Elements.
b. Maximum
Length of Elements.
" " 20 %
,
. HFSS ,
.
5. ,
:
a. Restrict the Number of Elements.
b. Maximum Number of Elements, .
c. OK.
. 6.15.
6.5.3.
-
1. , .
.
2. HFSS>Mesh Operations>Assign>On Selection>Skin-Depth-

Based. Skin Depth-Based Refinement (. 6.16).
3. Name.
4. Skin Depth.
, , ,
, ,
. :
a. Calculate Skin Depth. Calculate Skin Depth.
b. Relative Permeability Conductivity .
c. Frequency,
.
d. OK. HFSS
Skin Depth.
5. Number of Layers of Elements ,

. HFSS
. , HFSS 10 ,
Surface Triangle Length, 10
.
6.
Surface Triangle Length. " " 20
% ,
.
. 6. 16.
-
7. ,
:
a. Restrict the Number of Surface Elements.
b. Maximum Number of Surface Elements,
, .
c. OK.
,
, .
6.5.4.
HFSS ,
.
HFSS , ,
.
1. ,
. ,

.
2. HFSS>Mesh Operations>Assign>Surface Approximation.
Surface Approximation (. 6.17).
. 6. 17.
3. Name,
.
4. Surface Deviation Ignore,

, Set maximum
surface deviation (length),

.
6. Normal Deviation, :
Ignore,
.
Use defaults,
,
22.5 .
Set maximum normal deviation (angle),

, .
6. Aspect Ratio, :
Ignore,
.
Use defaults,
,
10 200 .
Set aspect ratio, .
.
. , 1 ,
.
7. OK. ,
.
Mesh Operations.
6.5.5.
,
, .
,
.

,
. HFSS Analysis Setup,
Revert to Initial Mesh. ,
, ,
.
6.5.6.
,
, :
HFSS, Analysis Setup, Apply Mesh

Operations. , HFSS
, .
, HFSS
.
, HFSS
.

, .

. ,
, .
6.6.
HFSS , Setup Solve

,
. :
, ,
.
,
.
:
1. .
2. HFSS, Analysis Setup, Add Solution

Setup . Analysis ,
Add Solution Setup . Solution Setup.
:
General .
Advanced

.
Ports
( ).
Default

HFSS
3. General (. 6.18).
. 6.18. General
4. Driven, :
a. Solution Frequency .
b. , Solve Ports Only ( ).
Eigenmode, :
a. Minimum Frequency .
b. .
5. , 2
Maximum Number of Passes,
.
, 0

. 1 ,
, .
6. OK.
7. , .
6.6.1.
( Driven)
Driven,
. ,
. ,
.
General Solution Setup,

Solution Frequency . , Fast
sweeps, HFSS ,
(, ,
).

.
6.6.2.
( Eigenmode)
Eigenmode, ..
,
, . HFSS
,
Minimum Frequency, .
General Solution Setup, Minimum

Frequency . ,
, ,
, HFSS -
, .
, , 0.01 ,
, Minimum Frequency.
Eigenmode,
, . 5,
5
. Eigenmode 20
.
General Solution Setup, Number of
Modes.
6.6.3.
,
General Solution Setup:
Maximum number of passes

Maximum delta S per pass ( )
Maximum delta E per pass ( ,
)
,
.
Advanced Solution Setup,
:
Lambda refinement

Percent refinement per pass

Minimum number of passes

Minimum number of
converged passes
Matrix convergence
Reduced solution basis
. 6.19. ,

6.6.4.
Maximum Number of Passes -

, .
- ;
, .
, ,
.
:
Maximum Number of Passes.
3 6.
2 .
6.6.5. Maximum Delta S Per Pass
( )
Delta S S-
.
, Maximum Delta S Per Pass -
.
S-
,
.
,
, ,
.

,
, .
Maximum Delta S Per Pass :

Maximum Delta S Per Pass.
Delta S , HFSS
. , Delta S
S- - - ,
S- .
6.6.6. Maximum Delta E Per Pass
( , ,
, . 6.19. )
Delta E - ( E ),
.
, Maximum Delta E Per Pass -
. Delta E
,
. , ,
.
Delta E
:
Maximum Delta E Per Pass.
Delta E , HFSS
.
6.6.7. Real Frequency
( Eigenmode)
Converge on Real Frequency Only

;
.
General Solution Setup, Converge on Real
Frequency Only.
6.6.8.
Lambda Refinement
Lambda Refinement
, ,
. .
, HFSS
:
1. Advanced Solution Setup, Lambda

Refinement.
2. Target.
0.33, , HFSS ,

.
3. ,
, Use free space lambda.
Lambda, , .
Percent Refinement Per Pass
Percent Refinement Per Pass ,

.
.
:
Advanced Solution Setup, Percent
Refinement Per Pass.
Minimum Number of Passes
, ,
, , .
Advanced Solution Setup, Minimum
Number of Passes.
Minimum Number of Converged Passes
, ,
.
Advanced Solution Setup, Minimum
Converged Passes.

, .
6.6.9.
( )
,
S-.
Matrix Convergence. ,

, ,
.
1. Advanced Solution Setup, Use

Matrix Convergence (. 6.20).
. 6. 20.

2. Edit Matrix. Matrix Convergence.
3. Entry Selections:

All
Diagonal
.
Off-Diagonal ,
.
Selected
Entries
All .
All, Diagonal, Off-Diagonal
Dominant .
Only All, Diagonal, Off-Diagonal,
Off-Diagonal.
Higher
Order Only . All, Diagonal,
Off-Diagonal. ,
, 100,000 ,

.
4. All, Diagonal, Off-Diagonal ,

,
Mode Selection (. 6.21).
6. Selected Entries, :
a.
.
b.
.
. 6.21.
6. Magnitude ,
.
7. Phase, , ,
,
.
8. Insert Entries. .
9. OK.
6.7.
HFSS
:
Advanced Solution Setup,
Use Low-Order Solution Basis.
, Use Reduced Solution Basis,

1/20
. ,
Lambda Refinement.
6.8.
HFSS ( ),
, .

.

(. 6.22):
Port.
.
.
. 6. 22.
Min/Max.

, General Solution Setup, Solve
Ports Only.
( )
HFSS ,
,
Port Field Accuracy.
, Ports
Solution Setup, Port Field Accuracy
. , " ".
,
.
,
.

:
1. Ports Solution Setup,

Automatically Set Min/Max Triangles.
Automatically Set Min/Max Triangles, HFSS

, .
2. Minimum Number of Triangles.

25
90
.
3. Maximum Number of Triangles.

400.
6.9.
6.9.1.
( Driven)
,
.
HFSS .
,
.
:
1. HFSS Analys Setup, Add Sweep.
2. OK.
Edit Sweep.
3. :
Sweep type - ,

Error tolerance ( )
Maximum (
number of )
solutions
Frequency .
points
Frequency , .
points
4. SPICE,
Full-Wave SPICE Calculation ( Time Domain Calculation),
.
6. OK.
6.9.2.
:
Fast
.
,
. Fast
.
Discrete
.

Interpola .
ting , ,
,
Fast .
6.9.3. (Fast Frequency Sweeps)

.
Fast sweep ,
.
Fast sweep
.
HFSS ,
, ..
, Fast
sweep.
Lanczos-Pade (ALPS)
.
HFSS ,
(,
, ).
.
, HFSS ,
,
,
, . ,
. ,
, Fast
sweeps (. 6.23).

, S- ;
, Fast sweeps
.
, Fast sweep ,
, .
. Fast sweep,
. ,
, , .
Fast sweep .
. 6.23. , Fast Sweep

.6.24.Fast
6.9.4.
( Interpolating sweeps)
Error Tolerance
.
0.5 .
Interpolating:
Edit Sweep, Error Tolerance.
Max Solutions ,
.
Edit Sweep, Max Solutions.
6.9.5.
Discrete sweep
. ,
1000 2000 , 2.5,
1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000 .
,
, 2000 . Save Fields,
. S-
.
Discrete sweep ,
.
HFSS ,

, , ,
.
.
, ,
, .
,
. , ,

.
6.9.6.
1. Edit Sweep, Linear Step Type.
2. Start, .
HFSS , Start ,
Stop.
3. Stop, .
4. Step Size, . HFSS
,
.
, 10 , 20 ,
2.5 , HFSS 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5,
20. ,
,
.
6. Fast, Save Fields,

,
.
Linear Step Linear ,

Linear Count

Single Points .
, Save Fields (All Frequencies),

,
.
,
Single Points Type, Save Fields
.
6.9.7.
1. Edit Sweep, Linear Count

Type.
2. Start .
3. Stop .
4. Count .
Count . HFSS
Count.
6. Discrete Fast, Save Fields (All
Frequencies),
,
.

, Single Points Type , Save
Fields .
6. (Fast sweeps), Save Fields,

,
.
, Save Fields (All
Frequencies),
, .
,
Single Points Type Save Fields
.
6.9.8.

. HFSS ,
,
( . 6.24 |S11|>1).
,
.
, ,
.
. 6.25.
, ,
, Fast sweep
. ,
, .

. ,
- , ,
. ,

.
6.9.9.
1. Edit Sweep, Single Points Type.

2. Single, ,
.
3. Save Fields,
,
.
4. Insert.
Frequency . Save Fields
, .
5. 2 - 4 .
1. Single Points Type.

2. , .
3. Delete.
,
. ,
. :
1. Single Points Type.
2. , .
3. Single,
.
4. Save Fields, ,
.
6. Insert.
6.9.10. SPICE
SPICE,
Full-Wave SPICE Calculation,
.
:
1. Edit Sweep, Full-Wave SPICE Calculation.

Full-Wave SPICE Calculation.
2.
Signal rise time.
, Ansoft
Designer.
3. Time Steps Per Rise Time (. 6.26).

,

t =
N
t - ,
- ,
N - .
4. Number of Time Points.
6. Calculate.
. 6.26.
HFSS Maximum Frequency

. Frequency Step Size.
6. OK,
Edit Sweep.
SPICE
,
:

, .
,
. ,
.
, ,
, , .
, , 500 .
SPICE,
. ,
1000
.
.
,
.
, HFSS

- .
, ,
.
, ,
.
6.10.

- .

,
.
2 4 .
,
HFSS Options. ,
1.
1. Tools, Options, HFSS Options.
2. Solver (. 6.27).
3. Number of Processors.
HFSS.
,
, .
. 6. 27.

Soft Memory Limit (RAM)
Memory Limit, Soft ,

HFSS , "
"
.
,

, .
, HFSS ,
"
" 60 % 256 (262,144 ),
.
, HFSS :
1. Tools, Options HFSS Options.
2. Solver.
3. Memory Limit, Soft (MB).
4. , .
HFSS.
,
, . Memory Limit Hard
,
HFSS.
, , ,
.
, HFSS :
1. Tools, Options, HFSS Options (. 6.28).
2. Solver.
3. Memory Limit, Hard (MB).
4. , . HFSS
, .
HFSS. ,
, ,
, .
6.11.
, ,
. ,
,
.
(remote machine) , ,
(local machine).
6.11.1.
:
HFSS Ansoft .
(Configure
Distributed COM -DCOM) .
.
. 6.28.
6.11.2.
1.
.
2. Start>Run dcomcnfg.
3. OK, DCOM.
, ,
- Windows NT /2000 Windows XP.
Windows NT/2000
, :
a. Default Properties , Enable Distributed

COM on this computer .
b. Applications , HFSSEngineclass.
Properties.
c. General , Authentication Level
None.
d. Location , Run application on this computer
.
e. Identity Interactive User,
, ,
.
, HFSSEngineClass :
Start/Run, command ,
.
<installation directory>\hfss9.
hfsscomengine RegServer,
HFSS COM.
. Launching user This user

. .
f. Security, Permissions,
, Interactive . ,
, ,
, .
:
1. Use custom access permissions.
2. Edit , Interactive
,
, . (
Everyone, ,
).
Add , .
List Names From, ,
.
,
Show Users.
, ,
, Type of Access .
OK, Add Users.
user/group Registry Value Permissions.
3. OK, .
g. OK, DCOM
HFSS COM.
h. OK, DCOM.
Windows XP
, :
a. Console Root>Component Services>Computers,

My Computer, Properties.
b. Default Properties, , Enable Distributed COM
on this computer . OK, .
c. Console Root>Component Services>Computers>My
Computer>DCOM Config, , HFSSEngine Class .
, HFSSComEngine.
, HFSSEngine
Class, Properties.
, HFSSEngineClass :
Start/Run, command,
.
<installation directory>\hfss9.
HFSScomengine -RegServer, HFSS COM
Engine.
d. General , Authentication Level

None.
e. Location, , Run application on this computer

.
f. Identity, Interactive User,

,
.
g. Security, ,
, Interactive . ,
,
- , .
Customize.
Edit
- ,
, .
Everyone, ,
.
h. OK, DCOM
HFSS COM Engine.
6.11.3.
HFSS
DCOM,
, , .
HFSS:
1. ,
HFSS Engine DCOM.
2. HFSS.
3. HFSS , Tools/Options/General Options.
4. , . C:\Temp.
, .
6. , , ,
. ,
, .
, HFSS.
6. Windows,
Everyone Temporary HFSSBin.
,
.
.
CLSID HFSS, OK, CLSID.
. Launching user This user
. ,
.
Permissions ( Permissions Sharing).
Security ( Security).
6.11.4.
:
1. HFSS ,
HFSS v9 (local machine).
2. HFSS ,
.
3. , Tools/Options/General Options.
4. Analysis Options.
6. Show the Remote Analysis Dialog.

,
remote machine .
6. OK, Options.
7. , .
8. , HFSS>Analyze.
Remote Analysis.
9. , ,
OK.
6.12.
, ,
.
1. .
2. HFSS Analyze.
HFSS .
, ,
. ,
.
:
1. , , , Analysis.
2. HFSS, Analyze.
, .
6.12.1.
,
Progress.

(. 6.29):
, HFSS>Analysis Setup>Convergence.
S-,
, , HFSS>Analysis
Setup>Profile.
,
, HFSS>Results>Browse Solutions.
. 6.29. Convergence
Solution Data
6.12.2.
,
.
HFSS,
, , HFSS
.
:
1. ,
Progress, Change Priority .
2. Change Priority, :
Lowest Priority
Below Normal
Normal
Above Normal
Highest.
,
,
. , RAM
24 , .
.
6.12.3.
, :
Progress, Abort. HFSS .

, . ,
, .
, , ,
. , ,
, ,
.

:
Progress, Clean Stop
.
HFSS
.

, .
, , ,
.
6.12.4.
,
, .
X
Results.
,
, Analyze
HFSS.
Analyze.
,
, ,
,
,
, .
,

. ,
, , ,
,
.
7
T-
,
- . , HFSS
:
.
.
.
.
.
HFSS.
S-.
.
.
7.1.
, , -
1.
. 7.1. -
1,
1 2 3. S21, S31
0.7. 1
.

S21 S31
1. , ,
,
.
,
:
.
- .
. ,
,
Properties.
.
. ,
.
.
Ctrl+D,
.
. ,
.

. HFSS Ansoft ,
.
. , ,
,
.
,
(Optimetrics).
,
. ,
,
.
7.2.
,
*.hfss.
, HFSS. HFSS,
.
1. HFSS.
Project Manager Projectn . ,
.. .
. 7.2.
2. File, Save As.
3. , ,
, C:\Ansoft\HFSS9\Projects,
.
4. Tee , Save.
Projects Tee.hfss.
HFSS ,
, HFSS: File
New.
HFSS
HFSS .
1. Project, Insert HFSS Design.

.
. (. 7.3) 3D
Modeler.
2. :
HFSSModel_n , Rename .
3. TeeModel, Enter.
. 7.3.
.
,
. , Driven Modal
, S-
, .
1. HFSS, Solution Type (. 6).
2. Solution Type, Driven Modal,

OK (. 7.4).
. 7.4.
, ,
Tools>Options> General Options (. 7.5).
. 7.5.
Expand Project Tree on Insert. Project
Manager , ,
View > Project Manager.
. 7.6.
1. 3D Modeler, Units.
2. Set Model Units, Select units, mm

OK (. 7.6).

. , 1 1 inch
(. 7.7).
. 7.7.
7.3.
T-
:
T- - .
.
, -
.
,
- .
.
.
-.
- .
, . ,
, .
,
. ,
-.
,
.
1. Draw, Box .
2. (0, -0.45,
0):
a. Tab, X -.
b. 0 X (. 7.8) , Tab,
Y.
c. -0.45 Y, Tab.
d. 0 Z, Enter.
. 7.8.
3. ,
: (2, 0.9, 0) dX, dY, dZ.
Enter.
4. , Z
. (0, 0, 0.4) dX, dY, dZ,
Enter.
, Shift+Tab.
, TeeModel ,
Undo Edit, . HFSS
, .
Properties, Command.
(. 7.9) .
. 7.9. ,

Properties ,
, .
2. Tee: Tee Value
Name, Enter.
, Properties, ,
, Tools>Options>3D Modeler Options.
Options 3D Modeler, Drawing,
Edit Property of new primitives.
, , - . ,
-. , vacuum -
Materal.
. 7.10. ,

, .
1. Transparent. Set
Transparency.
.7.11.Tee
2. 0.4 (. 7.12),
OK.
. 7.12.
3. OK, Properties.
3D Modeler Tee. ,
, .
,
yz x = 2. , ,
.
.
HFSS
.
1. , F.
2. , YZ X =
2, . 7.13.
. 7.13. ,
3. 3D Modeler
Assign Excitation>Wave Port . Wave Port.
4. Port1 Name, Next.
5. New Line Integration Line (. 7.14).

. 7.14.
7. 3D Modeler (2, 0, 0),

. ,
.
7. (2, 0, 0.4)
(. 7.15). Wave Port.
. 7.15.
WavePort1
8. ,
Next.
, Alt+Shift,
. ,
.
9. , Finish.
,
-.
. , ,
,
HFSS
Options ( Tools). , Duplicate
boundaries with geometry (. 7.16).
. 7.16.
, T-
1. EE ,
Edit>Duplicate>Around Axis .
2. 90 , .
Duplicate Around Axis , Z (.

7.17).
. 7.17.
3. 90 Angle.
.
4. 2 Total Number. - ,
, .
5. OK. ee ,
Tee_1, . Z 90 (.
7.18).
, , ,
, , ,
(. 7.19).
. 7.18.
, Port1 .
Port2 , Exitation
.
7. Ctrl+D,
.
. 7.19. WavePort1
, Tee
Tee_1.
, ,
-90 Angle (. 7.20).
(. 7.21).
. 7.20.
,
.
: Save File.
. 7.21.
-
,
-.
, , HFSS
,
clone before unite
Options 3D Modeler (. 7.22).
. 7.22. Operation
1. Tools, Options, 3D Modeler Options.
2. Operation 3D Modeler Options,

, Clone tool objects before uniting , OK.
3. , O.
4. , .
5. Ctrl .
7. 3D Modeler, Boolean ( ),
Unite .
(.7.23). (. 7.24) ,
.
. 7.23. 3 ,
. 7.24. 3-

,
-. ,
y.
,
Properties.
1. Draw, Box .
2. 3D Modeler:
, ,
.
, Properties,
Command.
(. 7.25).
(-0.45, 0, 0), ( 0.45,
0.1, 0), ( 0, 0, 0.4).
. 7.25.
. 7.26. -
Tee Box1 (. 7.26).

3D Modeler -> Boolean -> Substract
. . 7.27.
1. Tee , -.
2. Ctrl Septum ,
.
3. 3D Modeler, Boolean, Subtract.
Subtract. Box1
Tool Parts, Tee Blank Parts, ,
(. 7.27).
4. , Clone tool objects before subtracting .

5. OK. .
Tee, .
. 7.27. ToolParts Blank Parts
T-
(. 7.28).
. 7.28. -
7.4.
,
y: offset - 0.05, offset ,
(. 7.29). offset , ,
, Add
Variable, offset.
. 7.29. offset

,
.
1. Position, -0.45in, offset - 0.05in, 0in,

Enter. Add Variable (. 7.30).
. 7.30. offset Tee
2. 0in Value, OK.

Properties.
.

1. Properties, Command, 0.45 Xsize.
2. 0.1 Ysize.
3. 0.4 Zsize.
, ,
.
Properties (.
7.31), ,
, Design Properties.
. 7.31.

1. Properties Attribute (. 7.32).
2. Septum Value Name.
3. OK.
. 7.32. .
4. , , .
Alt, ,
-.
7.5.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7.5.1.
HFSS
10 GHz. , HFSS
-,
.
1. , TeeModel,
Analysis, Add Solution Setup .
Solution Setup (. 7.33).
2. General , 10 Solution Frequency,

GHz.
. 7.33.
3. Adaptive Solutions, Maximum Number of Passes = 3. -

, HFSS.
Analysis.
Setup1 .
,
.
7.5.2.

,
Interpolating. , HFSS
, ,
.
, HFSS
.
, .
1. Setup1 , Add
Sweep. Edit Sweep.
2. Interpolating.
3. Error Tolerance Max Solutions.
10 GHz.
, HFSS
.
4. Linear Step Type.
5. : Start 8 GHz, Stop 10 GHz,

Step Size 0.05 GHz. HFSS
,
(. 7.34).
. 7.34.
Setup1
Sweep1 .
Display, , .
7.5.3.
, , ,
, .
1. HFSS, Validation Check .

HFSS , Validation
Check (. 7.35).
. 7.35.
2. Close . .
7.6.
,
1.
HFSS, Analyze.
HFSS
. , Setup1 - .
1 - 5 .
, Message Manager.
, Message Manager
.
View>Message Manager,
.
Progress,
Progress , Tools>Options>HFSS Options.
.
, Tools>Options>HFSS Options.
General, Save bevore solving.
7.6.1.
, ,
offset.
1. TeeModel ,
Design Properties. Properties.
2. Local Variables , Value.
3. 0.2 Value offset.
4. OK.
:
, 2.
,
-, 2.

.
Analysis ,
Analyze. HFSS .
, , 1 - 5
.
,
x-y S-. :
S-.
T-.
.
,
.
7.6.2. S-
, S-
.
1. Results ,
Create Report. Create Report.
2. Modal S Parameters Report Type (. 7.36).
. 7.36.
3. Rectangular Plot Display Type, OK.

Traces.
4. Y, Y:
a. Category, S parameters.
b. Quantity, Ctrl S (Port1, Port1), S (Port1, Port2), S
(Port1, Port3), . 7.37.
c. Function, mag.
. 7.37. S-
5. X, Use Primary Sweep.

, Sweeps c
X (. 7.38). .
. 7.38.
6. Sweeps. Freq,
, (. 7.39).
7. Sweep Design and Project variable values.

.

offset.
. 7.39. Primery Sweep
( Freq) X
8. Add Trace, .
, .
.
9. Done. S-
x-y,
. 7.40.
Result .
. 7.40. -
S-,
offset = 0.
S- offset = 0.2
. Traces
Properties .
, S110.2 1,
offset = 0,
1.
0.7 2 3.
, 1
, offset = 0.2 ,
0.2 2. 2
3 .
,
.
, Trace
Properties, .
:
. Trace Properties
Line Style, Show Symbols On All Trace,
2 . , ,
,
.
Under the Color ,
, RGB.
7.6.3.
-
(. 7.41). E-
- . ,
1.
. 7.41. -
offset = 0. :
1. , Property . View>
Property Window.
2. TeeModel .
3. Variables Properties, offset= 0 Value
, Enter.
,
.
1. 3D Modeler: HFSS, 3D Model Editor.
2. :
, Select Faces .
3. T- .
4. HFSS>Fields>Plot Fields>Mag_E.
Create Field Plot.
5. Setup1:LastAdaptive ,
.
7. Done.
- E-,
2 3.
Field Overlays.
Mag_E1, Create Field Plot .
Mag_E1 E-,
1. .
3D Modeler
, ,
. ,
,
Modify Log Scale.
7.6.4.
,
,
. ,
, ,
. :
1. Mag_E1 ,
Animate. Setup Animation.
2. Swept Variable, Phase Swept Variable.
3. , :
a. Start =0deg .
b. Stop =160deg.
c. Steps= 8.
4. OK.
.
2 3.
Animation ,
, ,
.
8
0 160.
5. Animation, .
GIF
Audio Video (AVI), Export
Animation.
2,
E- .
1. TeeModel .
Animation,
.
2. Variables Properties, 0.2 Value

offset, Enter. E-
. , 3
.
HFSS
, !
, TEE,
.
1. Animation, ,
Close.
2. .
3. File, Close.
4. File, Exit.
, 13 ,
. HFSS
,
. , ,
HFSS , Hewlett
Pacard Agilent.
8

, , , ..,
( )
.
( ),

( ).
,
, :
,
, S-,

( Results->Solution Data).
(Eigenmode),

.
(. 8.1).
. 8.1. . 8.2.
Eigenmode ( ) .
10x23 7.1388

Optimetrics.
-
(. 8.2).
S- ,
.
(.
8.3).
,
.
. 8. 3.
Solution Data,
,
:
HFSS, Results, Solution Data.
Results ,
Solution Data (. 8.4). ,
, ,
. 8.5.
. 8.4. Results
. 8.5. Solution Data

8.1.
1. ,
, Convergence ()
. Solution Data Convergence
(. 8.6)
2. Simulation, ,
(Setup1). ,
.
. 8.6.
3. Convergence, ,
:
.
, .
Max Mag. Delta S .
delta E .
.
.
delta frequency .
4. , Table,
Plot (. 8.6).
8.2.
,
(
). ,
. ,
CONVERGED, NOT CONVERGED.
Solution Data Convergence.

Number of Passes.
8.2.1. S

( )
,
S-
.
,
.
, delta S
:
, ,
, Convergence
. Solution Data,
Convergence.
Max Mag. Delta S
S . Max Mag. Delta S
S
(Target urrent).
8.2.2. Delta Magnitude E
( , ,
. )
Delta S S-
, S-
.
,
, S-
E .

. Delta E
, .
Delta Magnitude E:
, ,
, Convergence
. Solution Data. Convergence.
Delta Mag. E E
.
Delta Mag. E Delta E
.
8.2.3. Magnitude Margin

( ,
S-)
,
S,
Matrix Convergence. ,
.
:
, ,
, Convergence
Magnitude Margin
-.
8.2.4. Phase Margin
( ,
S-)
,
, Matrix
Convergence. ,
.
:
,
, Convergence
. 8.7. S11

Phase Margin
(. 8.7).
8.3.
( Eigenmode)
,

, . -
.
, .
:
,
, Convergence
Max Delta Freq. %
(. 8.8).
Max Delta Freq. %
(0.1)
(0.28596).
. 8. 8. (Max Delta Freq)

,
,
, HFSS .
(Profile).
,
.
, ,
, Profile .
Solution Data. Profile.
(. 8.9).
. 8.9. Profile,
:

Task
(, ),
Real Time .
, .
CPU Time
Memory
. ,
; HFSS.

, .
Information ,
, .
S-
S-, Z-, Y-
, ,
:
1. , ,
, Matrix Data .
Solution Data. Matrix Data(. 8.10).
. 8.10. Solution Data
2. Design Variation (. 8.10), ,

. ,
,
Set Design Variation, .
3. Simulation,
; ,
, .
4. , : S-matrix, Y-matrix,
Z-matrix, Gamma ( ), Zo
( ).
5. Magnitude/ Phase, Real/ Imaginary, dB/ Phase,

Magnitude, Phase, Real, Imaginary, dB.
6. ,
All Freqs. ,
All Frequencies, .
, ,
Solution Setup. ,
.
, Edit Freqs.
Fast Interpolating. Edit
Frequencies, ,
Matrix Data. .
8.4.
. 8.10 Export,
. :
1. ,
, Matrix Data .
Solution Data. Matrix Data.
2. , : S-matrix, Y-matrix,
Z-matrix, Gamma, Zo.
3. Export. .
4. , , File
name.
5. Save as type.
6. Save. .
. 8.11.
8.4.1.
S-, Driven
Terminal PSpice, HSPICE, Maxwell Spice.
PSpice, HSPICE, Maxwell Spice
.
1. , Solution Data,
Matrix Data .
. Interpolating
Fast Matrix Data ( Edit Freqs
Edit Sweep),
.
. ,
,
.
,
.
2. Equivalent Circuit Export. Equivalent Circuit
Export Options.
3. , .
4. Format:
Data Table .
(spreadsheet) S-, ,
(*.tab) .
Touchstone S Touchstone/Libra,
(*.sNp) n. ,
Touchstone, ,
.s1p.
PlanarEM/HFSS , Ensemble
v6+ (*.szg) Planar EM v. 6 , Ansoft HFSS
v. 6 , Maxwell Strata v. 1.1.
Neutral Model , MAFET

Format (*.nmf) Consortium.
MATLBAB (*.m) MATLAB, S-, Y-, Z-

.
Citifile (*.cit) Citifile
5. Lumped element Export (Low Bandwidth)

(, , ,
).
6. , Combine Sweeps,
.
, .
8. OK. S-
.
8.5.
(Eigenmode)

Q, :
1. , ,
, Eigenmode Data
. Solution Data. Eigenmode Data.
2. Simulation,
.

.
Frequency (
) .
Eigenmode Q,
() ,
.
1. HFSS Results, Clean Up Solutions.

Clean Up Solutions.
2. Data Deletion Options, :

, , .
(All Solution Data)
, ,
Variation Selection Options.
3. Variation Selection Options,

, :
Non Current Variation Options,
, .
All Variations, .
. 8. 12. Create Report
4. Do Deletions. , ,
. , ,
, X . ,
.
, , !
8.6.
. 8.13.
, ,
:
, Optimetrics,
, View Analysis
Result (. 8.13).
Post Analysis Display.
. 8.14.
,
, ,
,
Set Design Variation.
Solution Data (. 8.15).
. 8.15.
1. HFSS, Results, Solution Data.

Solution Data.
2. Design Variation.
Set Design Variation (. 8.15).
3. Use nominal design.
4. ,
, OK.
.
8.6.1.
,
,
(. 8.16).
, .
:
1. , Optimetrics,
, View Analysis Result
. Post Analysis Display.
2. Profile.
3. Optimetrics ,
.
4. ,
, :
a. .
b. Solver Profile.
Solution Data.
.
. 8.16. General
8.6.2.
1. ,
, ,
View Analysis Result .
2. ,
, .
3. , Table .

.
4. , Show complete output name.

-, ,
.
5. ,
Apply. , 3D Modeler ,
.
8.6.3.

(x - y) :
1. ,
, ,
View Analysis Result . Post Analysis Display.
. 8.17. ,
2. ,
.
3. , Plot .
4. ,
x-, X.
5.
. ,
,
.
, ,
:
a. Set Other Sweep Variables Value.

Setup Plot.
.
b. ,
, OK.
6. , y-
Y. x -y (. 8.18).
. 8.18.

Traces
(. 8.19).
. 8.19.

8.6.4.
.

. :
1. Setup Optimization,
,
2. ,
, .
. 8.20.
3. Results, Table ().

(. 8.20).
4. , ,
Apply. , 3D Modeler, ,
.
Revert,
.
8.6.5.

:
1. ,
, ,
View Analysis Result. Post
Analysis Display.
2. ,
.
3. Results, Plot .
(. 8.21).
. 8.21.
8.7.

:
1. ,
, ,
View Analysis Result . Post
Analysis Display.
2. , ,
.
3. Result, Table .
:
, Func. Value.
1st D.
2nd D.
4. Apply.
3D Modeler ,
.
Revert,
.
1. ,
, ,
Post Analysis Display (. 8.23).
. 8.23.
2. ,
, .
3. Result, Plot .
4.
x, ,
X.
5. ,
, Y.
x y Post Analysis Display (. 8.23).

.
, .
-
, .
8.8.

(. 8.24)
.
:
1. ,
, ,
, View Analysis
Result . Post Analysis Display.
2. ,
, .
3. Table .

.
4. , ,
Apply ( ).
, 3D Modeler ,
.
. 8.24.

1. , ,
,
, View Analysis Result .
2. ,
, .
3. Plot .
4. ,
X.
5. ,
Y, Y.

(. 8.33).
. 8.25.
8.9.
, ,
,
HFSS -> Field ->Edit Sources.
. 8.26.
Edit Sources (. 8.26):
2. , ,
. Terminal, ,
.
3. Magnitude, ,
.
4. Phase, .
.
5. Terminal,
. Terminated,
/
Resistance /
Reactance.
. 8.27.
6. (. 8.28)
:
Scattered ,
Fields .
Total Fields ,
.
Incident
Fields .
. 8.28.
8. OK.
.
, .
, ( )
180.
, ,
.
, ,
:
, .
,
t = 0,
.

.
,
. ,
, 0.5
1 ;
, 0.25
1 , ..
" " 1.
E- H- ,
1 .
, .
.
. 8. 29.

.

, , 0.
,
.
E- \.
E-, E-
.
8.10.
,
,
.
, , ,
- , -
. ,
.

Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) (AVI) Audio Video
Interleave.
8.10.1.
:
1. .
2. HFSS Fields Animate.
3. ,
Select Animation. New. Setup
Animation.
. 8.30.
4. Name,
.
5.
Description.
6. Swept Variable, Phase Swept Variable.
8. , :
a. Start.
b. Stop.
c. . , Start = 10,
Stop = 160, 10, 10
10 160.
,
11.
8. OK.
.
,
, ,
.
8.10.2.
1. , () .
Create Field Plot, ,
Solution.
2. HFSS Fields, Animate.
3. , Select
Animation. New. Setup Animation.
4. Name, .
5. Description.
6. Swept Variable, Frequency Swept Variable.
8. ,
.
Shift, , Ctrl,
, .
8. OK:
.
, .
(. 8.31),
,
.
. 8.31.
8.10.3.
,
.
1. , View
Animate. Select Drawing (. 8.32).
. 8.32.
2. , .
Setup Animation.
3. Name,
(. 8.33).
. 8.33.
4. ,
Description.
5. Swept Variable Swept Variable
.
, , Swept
Variable.
6. ,
:
a. Start.
b. Stop.
c. Steps. , 0.15
, 0.45 15,
15 0.15
0.45 .
8. OK.
:
(. 8.34).
. 8.34.
8.10.4.
,
Animation. ,
,

.
1. .
2. , Export. Save As.
3. Animated GIF File

(.gif) AVI. Animation Options (. 8.35).
4. 256 ,
Grayscale.
, .
. 8.35.
5. Compression factor.
,
. Speed ,
, .
8.11.

,
.
1. , , ,
. , .
2. HFSS Fields, Plot Fields.
3. Plot Fields ,
.
,
. ,
. ,
, , ,
. Create Field Plot.
4. ,
, Specify Name
Name.
5. Solution.
6. , ,
, Specify Folder
Plot Folder. Field Overlays
.
8. Intrinsic Variables, ,
.
8. Quantity.
Auto
.
Use
Limits .
, , ,
.
Linear
Log
9. In Volume.

.
10. Done.
,
, .
, Plot Attributes (. 8.36).
. 8.36.
8.11.1.
,
.
1. , , ,
.
2. HFSS Fields Plot Calculated Expression.
3. , ,
OK. Create Field Plot.
4. , ,
Specify Name Name.
5. Solution.
6. , , Specify Folder
Plot Folder.
Field Overlays .
8. Intrinsic Variables ,
.
8. Quantity .
9.
In Volume.
.
10. Done.
,
, .
Field Overlays.
8.11.2.

,
.
1. ,
. , ,
.
2. HFSS Fields Plot Fields.
3. Plot Fields ,
. Create Field Plot.
4. .
, Plot
Attributes.
.
. 8.37.
8.11.3.
, x-, y- z-
.
(. 8.37).
1. , ,
.
, , .
2. HFSS Fields Plot Fields.
3. Plot Fields ,
.
8.11.4.
1. HFSS Fields Modify Plot.

Select Field Plot.
2. , Select,
OK.
3. Solution.
4. , Plot Folder, .
.
6.
Quantity. , Calculator
Category.
, Standard Category.
8. In
Volume.
.
8. Done.
, .
.
, Plot
Attributes.
8.11.5.

,
Plot Attributes.
,
.
1. HFSS Fields Modify Plot Attributes.
Select Plot Folder.
2. , , OK.
.

.
3. ,
:
Color map
Scale
Marker/Arrow ( ).
( ).
Plots ( ).

.
, (
.)
.
4. Save as default, ,
,
(. 8.38).
. 8.38.
5. Real time mode, ,

. , Apply,
.
6. Close, .
8.11.6.

Select Plot Folder.
2. , , OK.
.

.
3. Color map.
4. Number of colors
.
. , Apply,
.
6. Close .
8.11.7.
(Color Keys)
,
. .
1. View Visibility. Visibility.
2. Color Keys. :
Uniform .
Color.
Ramp
. Color.
.
Spectrum .
.

.
3. Visibility ,
.
4. Done .
, ,
Hide .
8.11.8.
.
:
1. HFSS, Fields, Modify Plot Attributes.
Select Plot Folder.
2. , ,
OK. .

.
3. Scale (. 8.39).
. 8.39. Scale ,

4. : Auto User Limit.
5. Use Limits,
, .
6. :
Range of Plotted,
Field Values,
Color Map,
Plot Title.

. ,
Apply, .
8. Close, .
8.11.9.
1. HFSS Fields, Modify Plot Attributes.

Select Plot Folder.
2. , ,
OK. .
.
3. Marker/Arrow.
4. Arrow Options, :
Line
Cylinder . -

Umbrella , .
5. Size, ( )
( ) .
.
6. Map Size, ,
.
7. Arrow tail, .
8. Plots.
9. HFSS ,
, . Vector plot
Spacing, ( ) (
) ( )
Uniform, .

.
11. Close.
8.11.10.
,
:

Select Plot Folder.
2. , , OK.
.
.
3. Plot.
4. Add Grid, .
5. Color.

.
8. Close, .
8.11.11.
(Isovalues)

Select Plot Folder.
. 8.40.
(-)
2. , ,
OK. .

.
3. Plots.
4. , :
a.
IsoValType:
Line (. 8.40)
Fringe , isovalues
Tone isovalues
Gourard
b. Fringe Tone, Outline,
(isovalues).
5. - , :
a. :
isovalues
IsoValSurface
Cloud ,
.
, .
b. Cloud, Cloud density,

.
c. Cloud, Point size
.
. 8.41. Fringe
8.11.12.

1. HFSS, Fields Modify Plot Attributes.
Select Plot Folder.
2. , , OK.
.
.
3. Plots.
4. Map transp, ( )
( ) .
Map transp.,
.
8.11.13.
,
. (
.)

Select Plot Folder.
2. , ,
OK.
.
.
3. Marker/Arrow .
4. Marker options ,
:

5. Size, ( )
( ) .
6. Map size,
.
8.11.14.
.

. ,
.
1. HFSS Fields, Modify

Attributes(. 8.41). Select Plot Folder.
2. , ,
OK. .
.
. 8.42.
3. Plots (. 8.42).
4.
IsoValType:
Fringe (.8.41)
Ton

Gourar
d
5.
:
6. Line width, ( )
( ) .
8. 100
. ,
.

.
9. Close, .
8.11.15.
3D Modeler:
1. View Visibility. Visibility.
2. FieldsReporter.
3. Visibility ,
(. 8.43). ,
. .
. 8.43.
8.11.16.
(.adsn);
HFSS
(.dsp) HFSS.
.dsp:
1. Plot, .
2. HFSS, Fields Save as.

Select Field Plot (. 8.44).
. 8.44.
3. Select, , ,
OK. .
Cylinder
.
Solid .
Dash-Dash
.
Dot-Dot .
Dash-Dot
.
4. , Field Plot Files (.dsp), - .
5. .dsp .
6. Save. .dsp .
, , HFSS 9
. HFSS>Fields>Open.
8.11.17.
,
HFSS (.dsp), HFSS 9 :
1. HFSS Fields Open.

.
2. , Field Plot Files (.dsp) -
3. .dsp .
4. Open. .
Field Overlays .
8.11.18.
1. HFSS, Fields Delete Plot.

Delete Plots (. 8.45).
2. , , Delete .
. 8.45.
3. OK. .
Delete.
8.11.19.
,
Set Plot Defaults.
:
1. , Field Overlays
.
2. HFSS, Fields, Set Plot Defaults .

Set Plot Defaults (. 8.46).
. 8.46.
3. Solution.
4. , ,
Quantity type.
New Folder

Automatic ,
HFSS
. ,
E .
An existing ,
folder .
.
6. OK.
, ,
. Auto ,
.
8.12. SAR HFSS
, (SAR
Specific Absorption Rate)
2
E
SAR =
, (8.1)
- , /,
, /,
- , /3.
HFSS (SAR)
SAR SAR.
- , :
1. HFSS Fields SAR Setting.

Specific Absorption Rate Setting (. 8.47).
. 8. 47. SAR
2. Material Density
g/cm3.
3. Mass of Tissue ,
. 1 10.
4. OK. , SAR
. SAR
,
, ,
SAR .
. 8.48. SAR
SAR, Quantity = Average_SAR (.

8.48),
. , -
,
.
,
(. 8.49),
.
, , ,
, ,
.
,

, .
,
,
.
SAR 1.6 /.
. 8. 49.
,
(),

(.1).
.1. ( 1.9 )
tg
, [6]
, / /3

48 53 (0.9 ) 1.1 0.415 1030
46 (1.9 ) (1.7) (0.369)
3 9 0.06 0.133 1800
(8) ( 0.1 ) (0.125)
1 59 1.3 0.44 1100
(46) (1.9) (0.41)
.
HFSS

.
, ,
HFSS SAR
(. 8.50) ,
. SAR
.
. 8.50. SAR (
)

. . 8.50 ,
, . -

, -
.
,
. ,
, ,
,
!
,
: ,
.
,
. 10 ,
.
, HFSS ,

.

,
-.
9
,
, , .
,
, .

. - , .
,
, phi
theta. ,

. 9.1. :
. ,
.
. , HFSS
. HFSS
(. 9.1),
, , , .
, HFSS ,
, E-
.
9.1.
,
. Sphere Geometry
Traces. :
1. HFSS>Radiation>Insert Near Field Setup>Sphere.

Near Field Radiation Sphere Setup (. 9.2).
. 9.2. 20
2. Sphere, Name .
3. Radius,
,
Coordinate System.
4. Phi Theta (. 9.2).

a. Phi, (deg) (): 0, 360,10.
b. Theta, (deg) ():-180, 180,10

PML .
, HFSS
.
5. Coordinate System,
:
(CS),
Use global coordinate system.
CS,
Use local coordinate system (. 9.3), CS Choose
from existing coordinate systems.
. 9.3. Coordinate System,

,
6. , Radiate Surface PML

(
), :
a. Radiation Surface.
b. Use Custom Radiation Surface.
c. (. 9.4). HFSS
.
, PML.
. 9.4. ,

7. OK. .
Radiation. , , PML
, , ,
,
. ,
Near Field Radiation Sphere Setup.
. 9.5. , 20
, ,
.
- , ,
- . ,
,
.
9.2.
,
.
.
, Geometry
Traces, .
:
1. .
2. HFSS>Radiation>Insert Near Field Setup>Line.

Near Field Line Setup (. 9.6).
. 9.6.
3. Near Field Line Setup,

Name.
4. ,
Choose Line.
5. Number of points . -
.

,
.
. 9.7. , ,

. 9.8. E ,

6. , Radiate
PML, :
a. Radiation Surface.
b. Use Custom Radiation Surface.
c. .
. 9.9.
HFSS
.
,
PML.
7. OK.
9.3.
,
PML.
1. Sphere Line
Compute Max Parameters .
. 9.10.
. ,
, . ,
,
. ,
, , ,
.
Select Solution (. 9.10).
2. Select Solution, ,
.
. 9.11. -
(. 9.11). Max Field Data (.
9.12), .
. 9.12. Line1
,
, .
, ,
.

. :
1. , ,
.
2. HFSS, Field Plot Mesh.

, (. 9.13).
. 9.13.
,

Select Folder (. 9.14).
. 9.14. ,
2. , (MeshPlots),
, OK.
.
.
3. , Plot.
4. Scale factor, ( )
( ) .
80 % 80 %
(. 9.15).
. 9.15.
5. Transparency, ( )
( ) .
.
6. :
7. Mesh color Line,

Color.
8. Mesh color, Filled,

Color.
9. Surface Only, ,
. ,
.
10. Save as default, ,

, , .

. , Apply,
. .
12. Close .
,
, ,
,
.
, HFSS ,
. ,
,

. (. 9.16),
Traces (. 9.17).
. 9.16.
Traces
, .
. 9.17. E
1. HFSS Results, Create Report.

Create Report.
2. Target Design, ,
, .
3. Report Type, ,
.
4. Display Type, (,
, ).
5. OK. Traces.
6. Solution (. 9.17), , ,
.
7. Domain, .
S- (Time).
9. ,
, Output Variables.
Output Variables. ,
.
9. .
10. Done.
, (. 9.18).
.
. 9.18.
,
. ,
.

, :
1. , , .
2. Report2D Report3D, Modify Report.

(. 9.17).
3. Traces.
4. Done.
.
, ,
Report Type, Create Report.
Create Report:
Modal S S-
Parameters , Y-, Z-,
,

(VSWR).
Terminal S S- , Y-, Z-
Parameters ,
,
,
(VSWR).
Fields ,

.
Far Fields .
, :
E, , ,
, ,
, .
,

PML.
Near Fields , .

PML,
.
Rectangular (x-y).
Plot
3D (x-y-z).
Rectangular
Plot
Polar Plot ,
.
3D Polar Plot ,
.
Smith Chart ,
.
Data Table , , ,

.
Radiation .
Pattern
2D
,
, , ,
.
,
. .
1. HFSS, Results, Create Report.

Create Report.
2. Target Design, ,
.
3. Report Type, .
4. Display Type, Rectangular Plot, OK.

Traces.
5. Y, , Y:
a. Category, , .
b. Quantity, , .
c. Function, ,
.
6. X , X
:
Use Primary Sweep. ,
Sweep, X.
Use Primary Sweep, Category, Quantity,
Function, X.
,
Sweeps.
7. Sweeps, , ,
.
9. Add Trace.
, .
Traces.
,
.
9. , .
10. Done.
,
x -y. Results
.

x-y-z
. :

Create Report.
2. Target Design, ,
.
3. Report Type, .
4. Display Type, 3D Rectangular Plot,

OK. Traces.
5. Z , z:
a. Category, , .
b. Quantity, , .
c. Function, ,
.
6. Y, , Y
:
Use Secondary Sweep. () ,
Sweeps, Y.
Use Secondary Sweep, Category,
Quantity, Function, Y. ,
, ,
Sweeps.
7. X , X
:
Use Primary Sweep. ,
Sweeps X.
Function, X. ,
, ,
Sweep.
9. Sweep , ,
.
9. Add Trace.
- , .
Traces.
,
.
10. , .
11. Done.
- , x-
y-z. (. 9.19) Results .
. 9.19. S11 ()

- ,
R Theta, R - ,
, Theta - X.
:

Create Report.
2. Target Design, ,
.
3. Report Type, .
4. Display Type, Polar Plot, OK.

Traces. Polar
.
5. Polar, , :
a. Category, , .
b. Quantity, , .
c. Function, ,
.
6. Sweeps, ,
, 5.
7. Add Trace.
, .

Traces. ,
.
8. , .
9. Done.
, .
Results .

,
R, Theta, Phi, R - ,
, Theta - X, Phi -
z .
.

Create Report.
2. Target Design, , ,
.
3. Report Type, ,
.
4. Display Type, 3D Polar Plot, OK.

Traces. Mag
.
5. Mag, , R-
, :
a. Category, , .
b. Quantity, , .
c. Function, ,
.
6. Theta, ,
:
(
Sweeps) Theta, Use
Secondary Sweep.
Theta, Use
Secondary Sweep, Category, Quantity, Function,
.
, Sweeps.
7. Phi, , phi-
:
(
, Sweeps) phi, Use Primary
Sweep.
phi, Use Primary Sweep,
Category, Quantity, Function, .
phi
, Sweeps.
8. Sweeps, , ,
5, 6, 7.
9. Add Trace.
10. Done.
R-, phi-, Theta-
.
- S-,
.
:

Create Report.
2. Target Design, ,
, .
3. Report Type, ,
.
4. Display Type, Smith Chart, OK.
Traces. Polar .
5. Polar, , :
a. Category, , .
b. Quantity, , .
c. Function, ,
.
6. Sweeps, ,
, 5.
7. Add Trace.
,
- .
9. ,
.
9. Done.
- , ,
,
.

Create Report.
2. Target Design, ,
, .
3. Report Type, .
4. Display Type, Data table, OK.

Traces. Y .
5. Y, ,
:
a. Category, .
b. Quantity, , .
c. Function, ,
.
6. X, ,
:
Use Primary Sweep.
, 5,
, Sweeps.
Function, ,
5.
, Sweeps.
7. Sweeps , ,
.
9. Add Trace.
,

.
Traces.
9. , .
10. Done.
, 5,
, ,
. Results .
HFSS .
,
.
,
FDTD. :
1. 1 - 4 .
2. Traces, Domain, Time.
3. TDR Options. TDR Options (.
9.20).
4. , Step Impulse.
5. Rise Time.
6. Maximum Plot Time.
. 9.20.
7. Delta Time ,
(. 9.21).
.
. 9.21. S11

9. , TDR Window .
10. OK.
11. , :
a. Category, TDR Impedance.
b. Quantitiy, TDRZ, .
c. TDRZ ,
. Z 0 * (1_Re (S11) / (1-Re (S11)).
d. Function, ,
.
12. Done. .
,
,
.

:
,
, Remove Trace.
:
Remove All Traces.
1. Traces, ,
.
2. , .
3. Replace Trace. , ,
, ,
.
HFSS, - ,
, .

.
(. 9.22):
1. Sweeps Traces,
:
2. - (primary
sweep). ,
- (secondary sweep ).

.
:
Name ,
, .

, .
3. ,
:
a. .

.
b. All Values.
.
All Values, ,
.
. 9.22.
, ,
, Function
Traces. ,
( ), .
, ,
, HFSS ;
.
.
Function:
Abc
Acos
Acosh
Ang , + /-180
Ang_rad
Asin
Asinh
Atan
Atanh
Conjg
Cos
cosh
dB(x) 20*log10 (|x |)
dBm(x) 10*log10(|x|) +30
eve 1, ; 0

exp
Im
Int
J0 (0 th )
J1 (1 C-).
S-,
,
. , HFSS
S11, ,
Theta.
, ,
:
log
log10
mag
nint
odd 1 ; 0

polar
re
rect

rem (Fractional part)
sgn
sin
sinh
sqrt
tan
tanh
y0 (0- )
S- :
1. Traces, :
2. , , Quantity.
,
, HFSS,
, ,
, Theta.
:
S- S- S-.
Y- ,
S- .
Z- , S-
.
S-.
Z o .
VSWR. ,

Variables , ,
,
.
Output Variables ,
,
,

,
.
, :
1. Traces, :
2. Category, ,
,
Quantity:
Variables , ,
,
.
Output Variables ,
.
rE ,
.
Directivity
Axial Ratio .
Polarization Ratio .
Antenna Params HFSS ,
, ,
, , , max U,
.
Normalized RCS ,

, 0 - .
2o
.
Radar Cross- (RCS), ,
Section
2
4r 2 E scat
= 2
Einc

Escat E-.
Einc E-.
, ,
,
Quantity:
Total E,H .
Phi Phi
Theta.
X x-.
Y y-.

,
phi Theta
. :
1. Sweeps Traces.
2. phi .
phi.
phi, .
3. All Values.
4. phi,
. HFSS
phi
Theta.
. 9.23 ,
:
. 9.23. ,

,

(phi).
:
1. Sweep Traces.
2. theta .
. ,
.
3. All Values.
4. ,
. HFSS
phi.
,
,
, HFSS,
,
Theta.
:
1. Traces, :
2. Near E,
,
Quantity:
Variables , ,
,
.
Output Variables
Near E
.
Max Near Field
NearETotal
NearEPhi phi E
NearETheta Theta E.
NearEX X- .
NearEY Y- .
NearEZ z- .
NearELHCP
.
NearERHC
.
NearECircularLHCP
.
NearECircularRHCP
.
NearEL3X. x-

NearEL3Y. y-
,
. Datasets
Projects (. 9.24).
. 9. 24.
1. Solution Traces,
, .
2. ,
Table Data Category.
3. .
,
.
, ,
, ,

.
10

10.1.
, , HFSS
,
.
.
,
,
. E (x, y, z)
, Radiate (. 10.1)

:
E ( x, y , z ) = ( j 0 H tan G + E tan G + E normal G )ds (10.1)

S
S ,
, 2f,
0 ,
Htan , ,
Enormal , S,
Etan , S,
G ,
jk0 r r '
e
G= (10.2)
r r'
k0 = 0 0 , - ,
2f;
r r ,
.
. 10.1. Rad1 ,

, r >> r' ( r >> 0),
:
e jk 0 r e jk 0 r '
G (10.3)
r
G (10.3) ,
, r:
e jkr
(10.4)
r
r
- TEM ,
:
E = 0 H r (10.5)
0 , r - -
.
, HFSS ,
(10.1). r,
,
(. 10.2, ).
.
, HFSS ,
, ,
.
,
, .
, .
. 10.2.

HFSS ,
, , ,
() . , HFSS
, E-
E- .
,
(. 10.2) PML.
, Radiation/Compute/Near Field,
(10.1).
r. ,
.
,
, .
,
.
Radiation/Compute/Far Field,
,
.
,
,
. ,
.
. .
,
.
.
(. 10.3).
,
.
. 10.3. . 10.4.

HFSS ,
, . ,
,
.
, -180 (deg)
180 (deg), (). deg,
rad, HFSS , .
(Phi) Near Field
Radiation Sphere Setup Far Field Radiation Sphere Setup.
Start , . Start ,
, .
Stop , . Stop ,
Start , 360. Stop Start ,
HFSS , Step Size
.
Step ( ) .
Size , 0 180 10,
18. Step Size=0 ,
, . Step Size=0, HFSS ,
.

Theta:
Start , Theta. Start , -
90.
Stop , Theta. Stop

, Start , 90. Stop
Start , HFSS ,
Step Size .
Step ( ) theta.
Size , -60 60 10,
10deg.
0 ,
Start. Step Size=0, HFSS ,
.

,
, .
, Sphere Geometry
Traces, .
1. HFSS>Radiation>Insert Far Field Setup>Infinite Sphere.

Far Field Radiation Sphere Setup (. 10.5).
. 10.5.
2. Infinite Sphere, Name.
3. , :
a. Phi, (deg) (rad),
b. Theta, (deg) (rad).
4. Coordinate System,
:
(CS),
Use global coordinate system.

CS, Use local coordinate system,
Choose from existing coordinate systems.
5. ,
, , PML,
Radiation Surface (. 10.6),
Use Custom Radiation Surface.
. 10.6.
c. Choose from
existing fase list. HFSS (. 10.7)
.
, PML.
6. OK.
. 10.7. Face List

Radiation.
10.2.
.
,
, ,
. ,
.
, ,
, .
F(, )
,
( )
, R
.
Ansoft HFSS :
- ,
- (),
- ,
- (),
- ,
- (),
- ( ),
- (),
- (
).
,
, ,
(. 10.8).
,
.

,
,
, E E .
. 10. 8.
() ,

,
.

D.
, :
4U
D= (10.6)
Prad
:
U
,
Prad - .
, Umax,
Antenna Parameters (. 10.9) -
.
. , -
, .
, .
. 10.9.
,
,
.
Max U
, U, , ,
, . HFSS

Max U.

2
E
U ( , ) = r2 (10.8)
0
U (,) .
|E| - E-.
0 - 376.7 .
r - , .

.
. ,
, ,
(. 10.10). ,
.
,
.
, ,
.
. 10.10.
- .
.10.10.

.
.
,
. ,
,
(. 10.11).
. 10.11. ,

,
.
-
,
Tetha phi. ,
E = (E, E).
. 10.12. ,
,
. [6]
. ,
(Ludwig-3),
. , E =
(Ex, Ey), :
E x = E cos E sin (10.9)

E y = E sin E cos (10.10)
- .
(.
10.13). , ,
.
. 10.13.

,
,
(L) (R) .
E = (ER, EL) :
ER =
1
(E
jE ) (10.11)
2
EL =
1
(E + jE ) (10.12)
2

.
:
1 AR (10.13)
, 1, ,
, , ,
, .
HFSS
:
EL
Circular / LHCP = (10.14)
ER
ER
Circular / RHCP = (10.15)
EL
E
Spherical / Phi = (10.16)
E
E
Spherical / Theta = (10.17)
E
Ex
Ludwig 3 / X = (10.18)
Ey
Ey
Ludwig 3 / Y = (10.19)
Ex

, ,
, .
, 10:1, 10 dB.
, , .
10.14 ,
.
.10.14. (Ludwig3/X
Ludwig3/Y) (
10 0.190)
Ludwig3/X Ludwig3/Y.
Ludwig3/X - -
,
X.
Ludwig3/Y - -
,
Y.
, . 10.15.
. 10.15.
(,)
, ,
,
.
:
Prad
A = (10.20)
U max
:
A - .
Prad - .
Umax - .
4
,
. Ansoft HFSS
, .
:
U
G = 4 (10.21)
Pacc
:
U -
.
Pacc - , , .
,
.
. 100%, .
, .
. - ,
, .

- 4
,
. ,
,
(.
10.16).

HFSS:
U
= 4 (10.22)
Pincident

U
.
Pincident .
. Antenna
Parameters,
, U max.
,
, LumpPort
.
. 10.16. (,)
,
.
:
Prad = Re E H * ds (10.23)
S
:
Prad
S -
E - .
H* - , H .

E H.
.

, .

( ), .

,
. ,
(,
).
HFSS
:
Pacc = Re E H * ds (10.24)
A
Pacc - ,
A ,
E ,
H , E,
ds - 3D
HFSS.
,
, :
2
(
Pacc = a 1 s11
2
) (10.25)
:
a - , Data/Edit Sources,
S11 ( ),
HFSS.
.
, .
(Incident Power) -
( ) .
Edit Sources (. 10.17).
. 10.17.
,
,
2
Pincident = a (10.26)
a (Magnitude), Edit
Sources.

( ):
Prad
= (10.27)
pacc
Prad -
Pac
,
,
.
,
.
HFSS ,
:

Total E-.
X E- x-.
Y E- y-.
Z E- z-.
Phi E- -.
Theta E- -.
LHCP
.
RHCP
.
Ludwig 3/X , Vmain, x-

dominant
-.
| E cos E sin | .
Ludwig 3/Y , Vmain, y-
dominant ,
-.
| E cos + E sin | .
,
r , E-. ,
.
HFSS Radiate ,
,
. HFSS ,
(. 10.18) .
,
:
j j
( E )tan = jk 0 E tan tan ( tan E tan ) + tan ( tan E tan ) (10.28)
k0 k0
Etan - E-, .
k0 - .
. 10.18.

.
, .
10.3.
HFSS ,
t = 0 ;
( ) .
. 10.19 t = 0 ,
, . ,
.
,
, .
. 10.19.

,
.
, ,
.
,
.

; , S-
.
,
,
. - ,
,
, ,
.
, :
1. Infinite Sphere
Compute Antenna Parameters .
Antenna Parameters.
2. Solutions, ,
.
. Antenna Parameter
(. 10.20). ,
( ):
Maximum 0.30282
intensity (Max U) /

Peak directivity 3.8619

Peak Gain 3.9288
Peak realized gain 3.8054

Radiation power 0.96858
Accepted power 0.98537
Incident power 1
Radiation 0.9827
effeciency ()
, Max U Peak directivity

, .
,
.
. 10.20. ,
,
:
Maximum intensity (Max U)
Peak directivity
Radiation power
4. More,
(Maximum Far Field):
RE Field Phi Theta
Total 15.11 V () 360 0
X 15.11 V 360 0
Y 2.203 V 330 -90
Z 8.1642 V 0 -52
Phi 15.11 V 270 0
Theta 15.11 V 360 0
LHCP 10.685 V 360 0
RHCP 10.684 V 300 0
Ludwig 3/X dominant 15.11 V 300 0
Ludwig 3/Y dominant 0.59655 V 140 174
. ,
r E-. ,
(. 10.21).
. 10. 21. Phi,

Theta
10.4.
HFSS (regular)
(custom) , ,
. HFSS
, array
factor ( ) ,
.

,
. -

.

,

.

,
(. 10.22).
.10.22.
, ,
:
1. HFSS Radiation, Antenna Array Setup.

Antenna Array Setup (. 10.23).
. 10.23.
2. Array Type, Regular Array Setup.
3. Regular Array.
4. First Cell Position xyz-,

.
5. Directions, :
a. U Vector, X, Y, Z,
U-.
b. V Vector, X, Y, Z,
V-.
6. Distance Between Cells,
U- V-
.
7. Number of Cells, U-
V-.
8. Scan Definition,
:
Use Scan Angles,
, , Theta
Phi.
Use Differential Phase Shift,
, , In V direction In U
direction.
9. OK.

, ,
.
HFSS ,
.
:
regular uniform array ( ) -
,
.

.
, .. ,
Use Scan Angles,
.
..
,

.
HFSS
,
(. 10.24-10.32).
custom array ( )
.
,
.
,
, Master Slave.
, (. 13)
(. 14)
.
,
(. 13) (. 14) .
.10.24. 30 , . 10.25. ,
-
8 dB
. 10.26. . 10.27.
U (2 1) 5 dB

. 10.28. 4- . 10.29.
(2 2) 4 dB

. 10.30. 10 10 . 10.31.
10 10
. 10. 32.
10 10
()
, .. An = 1 n .
,
, (. 2)
jk0 r r '
e
G =
r r'
N
AF ( , ) = e jk o r ( rn r ') (10.29)
n =1
k0 , 0 0
rn r N-
, .
,
(lattice vectors) u v, rn
,
rmn = (m 1)u + (n 1)v (10.30)
m = 1, 2, ..., Nu n = 1, 2, ...., Nv.
N = NuNv.
( 6) Nu x Nv
N N
AF ( , ) = e jk o rmn ( rmn r ') (10.31)
m =1 n =1
( 10.31)
. , ,

.
. 10.33-10.38.
. 10. 33. .10. 34.

.10.35. U .10. 36. U

10 10 30 .
. 10. 37. . 10. 38.
V 30 , V
10 10
,
,
master slave.
, -

,
(, Master Slave
). ,
, ,
.

15.
,
. HFSS

.
. HFSS Ansoft
, ,
,

.
11

,
.
, ,
..
, .
Hewlett-Packard.
First Quantity ( ) ,
Second Quantity ( ) , .
top,
.
:
,
(. 11.1) ,
.
, , ,
(Plot->Fields) ,
!
, ,
.
, .
11.1.

.
, . , Vector ->Dot -
; Unit Vec
Normal Vector Surf.
,
, :
Vec Scl Vec,

Scal ,
Cmplx " Real Cmplx " Imag Scl CSc
CVc,
Cmplx " CmplxR Cmplx " CmplxI Vec
Scl
CVc CSc, .
,
. ,
, Scalar,

.
. 11.1.
11.2.
HFSS, Fields, Calculator. :

Field Overlays
Calculator .
(. 11.1), ,
(. 11.2).
.
Push ,
.
.
Pop .
RlUp ,
.
RlDn , -
.
Exch .
Clear .
Undo ,
, .

. 11.2.
,
11.3.
,
:
E H .
.
: , , , ,
.
, ,
. ,
:
, ,
.
, , ,
, ,
, , , ,
, Draw.
, , , .
,
, , , (.
11.3). Pop, Clear,
.
: Select HFSS > Fields > Calculator.
. 11.3.

,
.
HFSS > Field > Plot Field .
11.4.
, , ,
. ,
, .
, .

Vec ,

. X-, Y-, Z-
.
Scl , .
Cvc
Csc
Pnt
Lin
Srf
Vol
SclLin
VecLine
SclSrf
VecSrf
, :
,
.
, Write.
11.5.
,
:
Quantity E H,
, .
Geometry , , ,

Constant , , ,
.
Number ,
.
Function ,
.
Geom .
Settings
, Stack, General,
Scalar Vector. ,
Output.
. 11. 3. ,
11.5.1. Quantity
Input
.
, (peak
phasors). Poynting
.
E , E.
H , H.
Jvol , Jvol .
Jsurf
Poynting ,
0.5E x H*.
LocalSAR

AverageSAR

E: E
H: H
Poynting: ,
(E H*)
Jvol: ,
Jsurf: . Jsurf
.
, , ,
.
11.5.2. Geometry
Geometry .
:
, ,
.
.
,
(), Draw.
Geometry:
Point
Line
Surface
Volume
:
1. , Geometry.
Geometry (. 11.4).
.11. 4.
2. . .
3. OK .
11.5.3. Constant
Constant
:
Pi 3.14
Epsi0 ,
0 = 8.85418782 x 10 12 .
Mu0 ,
0 = 4 x 10 7
c ,
c = 2.99792458 x 108 /.
11.5.4. Number
Number
(. 11.5):
Scalar :
1. Number. Input Number.
2. Scalar.
3. Value.
4. OK, .
Vector :
2. Vector.
3. x-, y-, z- .
4. OK .
Complex .
C=A+jB, A , B .
2. Scalar Vector.
3. Complex.
4. .
5. OK .
. 11.5. . 11. 6.
11.5.5. Function
(. 11.6)
.
11.6.
,
, .
General
+ (Add) .
.
(Subtract) (
). ( ).
* .
(Multiply) ;
.
/ (Divide) .
;
.
Neg .
Scalar .
:
1. Function. Function.
2. Scalar.
3. .
4. OK .
Vector , x-, y-, z-

.
:
1. Function. Function.
2. Vector.
3. .
4. , SetX, SetY, SetZ.
5. OK .
, : X, Y, Z, RHO,
THETA, R, PHI , , ,
.
Abs
Smooth
.
,
. ,
.
Complex
, ,
, .
C .
,
.
Complex :
Real (A).
Imag (B).
CmplxMag (M).
CmplxPhase ().
Conj
. C = A + jB,
C* = A jB.
AtPhase , t,
.
.
CmplxReal

CmplxIImag

VecX x- .
VecY y- .
VecZ z- .
Domain
, .
,
.
:
1. ,
.
2. , Geometry.
3. Domain.
Domain ,
, .
Scalar
,
.
Vec
, .
:
Vec X X-
Vec Y Y-
Vec Z Z-
1/x (Inverse)
.
Pow
, .
:
1. .
2. .
3. Pow.
Square Root
.
Trig

:
Sin
Cos
Tan
Asin
Acos
Atan
Atan2
d/d (Partial Derivative)

:
d/ dx x.
d/dy y.
d/dz z.
Integral
,
, . ,
, .
:
1. ,
.
2. Geometry, ,
, , .
3.
. ,
Eval.
Iso

,
. ,
.
:
1. ,
.
.
2. ,
, Number.
3. Iso.
Min

, , .
:
Value .
Position ,

, Max.
Eval, ,
.
,
, ,
. HFSS
,
,
.
:
,
Plot.
.
.
.
Max
,
, . :
1. ,
. :
. ,
, - .
,
,
Cmplx/AtPhase Cmplx/Real.
2. , , ,
Geometry.
3. :
Max/Value .
Max/Position, ,
.
Eval,
, .
Gradient
Vector
Scal
, -
. :
Value .
Position ,
. :
,
Plot.
.
.
.
ScalarX x- .
ScalarY y- .
ScalarZ z-
Matl

.
.
1. Matl. Material Operation (. 11.7).

2. . :
Permittivity , r .
(epsi)
Permeability , r
(mu)
Conductivity ,
Omega () , = 2 f, f - ,

. 11. 7.
3. Multiply or Divide.
4. OK,
, Cancel, .
Mag
Dot
,
.
Cross
Divg
Curl
Tangent
.
:
1. .
2. , Geometry/Line.
3. Tangent.
Normal
:
1. .
2. ,
Geometry/Surface.
3. Normal.
Unit Vec
Output
Value
.
, :
.
x-, y-, z- .
:
1. ,
.
2. ,
Geometry/Point.
3. Value.
,
Eval.
11.7.

Output :
Draw.
Plot. ( )

Anim.
.
2D Plot. (XY)
Value. ,
.
Eval. -
Write Export

.
Eval

,
, , .. ,
, . Eval
, .
, ,

I = H dl .
H I - ,
H, I,
H, I.
:
1. H , Qty.
2. H, Cmplx/Real.
3. , Geom/Line.
.
4. Tangent, H .
Tangent
.
Normal ,
.
5. , Eval.
6. Eval . I
.
7. , H (
Cmplx/Imag) I.
Write
.
:

.

.
:
1. Write.
2. , .
.reg.
3. OK. ,
.
Export

(. 11.8). , ,
.
:
To File
. ,
, .
On Grid ,
x, y, z
, (
).
. 11.8.
Export/To File

.
:
1. , , .
2. ,
.
3. Export/To File.
4. Points File Name, ,

, .
,
, . ,
( .pts).
5. Output File Name,

. ,
. , .
.reg .
6. OK, Cancel,
.
:
.
HFSS, ,

(. 11.9).
,
,
, ,
,
,

,
.
. 11.9. ,

2x2 ,
'' , r = 11.8, 2 .
60, TM .

. ,
.

!
( )
,

, 60 2*tan
(60), 3.46 , l/10= 1.2 , 4.66 .
5 .
PML, 1.2 ,
,
PML_setup.
(0, ), =0 60,
Master/Slave (180, )
.
PML Perfect_H.
11.8.
, ,
thetaang,
.

master/slave.
'Write'
.
. 11.10.
Geometry (. 11.10).
X, Y,
Z 10.
.
,
, Pinc ,
(Incident).
, Pref , ,
(Scattered).
,
S - , .
mag = (Pref / Pinc )

,
,
.
, , ,
( ,

) ,
E H ,
.
12
, ,

,
. ,
- ,
,
, .
, , ,
(. 12.1).
.
. 12.1.
( 3D_Modeler-> Measure-> Length)

(. 12.2):
Parametric
; .
, ,

.
,
.
Optimizati
on . ,
.
, HFSS ,
, S-,
.
Sensitivity
,
.
Tuning
.
Statistical
, .
12.2.
12.1.

,
.
.

, .
, . HFSS
.
, ,
.
, ,
, L, C, R,
. ,
, .
,
.
, , ,
, , .
,
.
,
, .

,
.
1. HFSS Optimetrics Analysis, Add

Parametric (. 12.2) . ,
Optimetrics Add>Parametric .
Setup Sweep Analysis (. 12.3).
2. , Add...
. 12.3.
Add/Edit Sweep. ,
, Variable.
3. , , Variable.
,

.
4. . ,
.
5. Add, OK.
Setup Sweep Analysis.
.
, , Table
(. 12.4).
, , ,
.
. 12.4. Table Setup Sweep Analysis
$scan_angle,

12.1.1.
1. , Add/Edit
Sweep:
Single Value
Linear Step
.
Linear Count ,
,
.

Decade Count
Octave Count
Exponential Count
2. Single Value,
Value.
,
Start
Stop.
3. Linear Step ,
Step.
- .

. HFSS
, .
, ,
Count.
.
12.1.2.
,
.
, ,
1, 2, 3 , , ,
4, 5, 6 , HFSS 3 .
1 4;
, 2 5;
, 3 6.
1. Sweep Definitions Setup Sweep Analysis,

Add Add/Edit Sweep Dialog :
2. Sync (. 12.5).
,
Sync #.
, ,
Table.
. 12.5. ,
$width $length
12.1.3.
,
, ,
Tab Setup Sweep
Analysis.
1. Tab Setup Sweep Analysis (. 12.6).

,
, .
2. , .
, , ,
Delete. , Add.
,
.
. 12.6.

Setup Sweep Analysis Sweep Definitions.
12.1.4.
, HFSS
,
.
:
1. Setup Sweep Analysis, General

(. 12.7) Starting Point .
. 12.7. General
2. Value, ,
.
3. Value, Enter.
Override. , ,
,
.
.
4. , Units.
, Override.
12.1.5.
1. Setup Sweep Analysis, General.

2. , HFSS
(Sim.Setup . 12.7).
HFSS ,
. ,
.

,
,
, , S-
, .

.
1. Setup Sweep Analysis, Calculations.

2. Add (. 12.8).
. 12.8.
3. Solution, ,
.
4. Calculation,
:

, Calculation.
,
, :
a. Edit Calculation. Output Variables (. 12.9).
. 12. 9.
b. , ,
Done.
Calculation.
c. ,
Calculation (. 12.10).
,
. .
. 12.10. Calculations

12.1.6.
,
.

. ,
Override,
Value.
, , ,
, . Driven Modal
Driven Terminal, ,
.
,
.
1. Setup Sweep Analysis, Calculations.

2. Edit Cal. Range. Edit Calculation Range (.
12.11).
. 12.11.
3. Variable, .
4. Single Value . Value, ,

.
5. Update, OK.
12.2.
-
.
,
.
12.2.1.
:
Quasi Newton Pattern Search.

, ,
Quasi Newton.
.
HFSS ,
,
.

, Pattern Search.
. Pattern Search
, Quasi Newton.
1. ,
12. 12.
2. HFSS Optimetrics Analysis, Add

Optimization . Setup Optimization (.
12.13).
3. Goals, : Quasi Newton, Pattern

Search Optimizer.
. 12.13. Quasi Newton
Goals
4. , HFSS
, Max. No.Iterations.
5.
, Save Fields.
6. Cost Function (,
).
7. , Acceptable Cost ,
.
8. (
) Noise.
12.2.2. :
starting variable value.

minimum and
maximum values of
variables
Exclude variables ,
values of fixed ,
variables
minimum and
maximum step size .
linear constraints. .
parametric sweep
before an optimization
analysis
parametric sweep
during an optimization
analysis
update optimized
variables

12.2.3.

Max. No. of Iterations - ,

Optimetric . ;
,
.
. 12.14.
,

, ,
, .

:
Goal Setup Optimization,
Max. No. Of Iterations.
12.2.4.
,
. ,
,
. ,
Wave Port 1 Wave Port 2
(S 21 = > 1), ag (S (WavePort2, WavePort1)),
.
Setup Optimization,
.
,
,
Calculation.
Output Variables.

. ,
,
.
1. Goal Setup Optimization, Add.

Cost Function.
2. Solution, ,
.
3. , .
4. Calc. Range ,
.
5. Condition, .
6. Goal ,
.
, ;
.
. 12. 15. ,

7. , ,
,
Weight.
. ,
; .
.
,
(0 . 12.15)
.
12.2.5.

,
.
,
, S-,
.
1. () :
a. Goal Setup Optimization, Add.
Cost Function.
b. Solution,
.
2. Solution, ,
.
. 12.16.
3. Calculation,
:

, Calculation.
,
, :
a. Edit Calculation. Output Variables
(. 12.16).
b. , , Done. HFSS

Calculation.
c. ,
Calculation. ,
.
Output variable .
12.2.6.
, ,
.
, .
1. Goal Setup Optimization, Edit

Calc. Range (. 12.17).
. 12.17.
2. Variable, .
,
,
Variables. ,
,
.
,
- S-, phi Theta,
.
3. ,
Variable,
:
a. Range.
b. Start, .
c. Stop, .
4. :
a. Single Value.
b. Value, ,
.
5. Update, OK.
12.2.7.
,
.
. - ,
.
Goal. ,
Edit Goal/Value Weight,
, ,
.
()
, ;

.
.

Goal/Weight. Edit Goal/Weight.
2. Goal Value, Simple Numeric Value Type.
3. , real/imag
,
. , mag/ang,
.
4. Goal Value.
,
Goal Value. , 1, 1.
,
Goal Value.
5. OK. , ,
Goal

2. Goal Value, Expression Type.
3.
,
Goal Value.
, ,
, :
a. Edit Expression. Output Variables.

b. , ,
Done.
HFSS
Goal Value.
4. OK. , ,
Goal.
1. Goals Setup Optimization, Edit

2. Goal Value, Variable Dependent Type.
3. .
4. .
5.
Goal Value.
6. Add .
7. 4, 5, 6, .
8. OK.
Goal.

, -
.
( ). ,
,
.
, , |S11| -
, |S11|, ,
.
|S11|, , 0.
(. 12.18) - ,
.
. 12.18.

,

.
.

. ,
, ,
.
, - 0. ,
.
:
Nj
G Wj
N e
j i
i
j

G - .
Wj - , j - -.
Nj - j - -.
ej - j - - i- .
e j ,
, .
- < =, =, > =.
ej , s j
, g j -
<= 0
ei =
si g
si g i
si > g i
= ei s i g i
>= 0
ei =
si g
si g i
si < g i
,
.
,
. -, ,
.

. , ,
. ,

,
, . ,

.
,
. :

.
,
,
.
i (i+1) :
si = xi +1 xi .
T
s i = s i s i ,
.

T
: s i D = s i D Dsi , D
T
. -
, D , ,
.
, si Dmin
< 1, D min
, , Min. Step.
Min.Step
.
, si Dmax
> 1,
Dmax , , Max. Step
.
12.2.8.
,
.

.
,
, ,
,
.
.
:
1. Setup Optimization, Variables.

, .
2. Starting Value ,
, Enter.
Override. , ,
, ;
.
, Override,
.
3. ,
Units.
12.2.9. Min. Max.
,
,
.
,
. ( -
.).
,
. , ,
, .
1. Setup Optimization, Variables.

, .
2. Min Max ,
, Enter.
Override. , ,
, ; Min
Max .
, Override,
Min Max.
3. ,
Units.

, Override.
- ,
. ,
,
, .
:
1. Setup Optimization, Variables (.

12.19).
2. Advanced. Min. Step and Max.
Step. " " ,
.
. 12.19. Avdaned, Min
Step Max Step
3. Min. Step .
4. Max. Step, .
12.2.10.

.
. 12.20. General
1. Setup Optimization, General (.

12.20).
2. Parametric Analysis,
, .
3. Solve the parametric sweep before optimization.

,
.
,
. ,
.
,
, ,
.
.
:
1. Setup Optimization, General.
2. Parametric Analysis,
, ,
.
3. Solve the parametric sweep during optimization.
,
,
.
:
1. Setup Optimization, General.
2. Update design parameters values after optimization.

,
.
12.3.

,
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
.
. ,
.
:
.
.
.
, ,
,
, , (-
) (. 12.21).
. 12. 21. $lenght

1
, ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
Master Output ,
.
1. , ,

Properties.
2. HFSS, Optimetrics Analysis, Add
Sensitivity. Setup Sensitivity Analysis.
3. Calculations, ,
, HFSS , Max. No. of
Iterations/Sensitivity Variable.
4. ,
, Save Fields.
5. Output Parameters, .
6. ,
Approximate Error in Master Output.
12.3.1.
Max. No. of Iterations/Sensitivity Variable

,
. ;
,
(. 12.22).
, ,
, .
,
.
. 12.22.
Calculations Setup Sensitivity Analysis,

Max. No. of Iterations/Sensitivity Variable (.
12.22).
12.3.3.
1. Calculations Setup Sensitivity Analysis,

Add. Output Parameters.
2. Solution, ,
.
3. , .
4. Calc. Range, ,
.
5. ,
Master Output, ,
.
,
, .
,
, S-.
1. : Calculations
Setup Sensitivity Analysis, Add.
Output Parameters.
2. Solution, , .
3. Calculation,
:

, Calculation.
:
a. Edit Calculation. Output Variables.
b. , ,
Done. HFSS
Calculation.
c. ,
Calculation. ,
.
.
. , ,
.
. 12.23.

, .
,
. Driven Modal Driven
Terminal , .
,
. ,
,
.
1. Calculations Setup Sensitivity Analysis,

Edit Calc Range. Range Edit
Calculation.
. 12.24.
2. Variable, .

,
Variable.
, ,
.
,
S-; phi Theta,
.
3. Single Value . Value,

,
.
4. Update, OK.
12.3.4.
-
- ,
.
, .
.
1. Setup Sensitivity Analysis, Variables.

,
.
2. Starting Value ,
, Enter.
Override , , ,
;
. ,
Override,

Язык

Банков С.Е., Курушин А.А. Проектирование СВЧ устройств и антенн с Ansoft HFSS PDF

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.., ..

HFSS Ansoft v. 9-11

. -5. HFSS AnSoft

.10. Ansoft Designer

. -10. Ansoft Designer ,

Ansoft HFSS v.9-11

: Pentium III, 500 MHz,

(RAM): 256 MB.

: Pentium IV, 1 GHz,

Windows NT 4.0 Workstation,

Windows NT 4.0 Server,

Windows 2000 Professional,

1.2. HFSS Ansoft

Tools (), Customize ().

1.8. Project Manager

Project Manager HFSS,

Properties, View, Property

1. File Multiple Open.

HFSS , Ansoft HFSS 8.5

1. File, Save As.

1. File Save As.

1. Tools, Options, General Options.

2. Project Options, Do Autosave.

3. Open project using autosave file (. 1.17),

. HFSS > Analyze.

5. HFSS, Validation Check ,

4. Ansoft 2D Geometry Files (*.sm2) Save as type.

.bmp Batch Message Processing.

1. HFSS, Results, Import Solutions.

2. Import Table. Table Import (.

9. Independent Data Columns,

10. Dependent Data Columns

11. Import. Imported Data.

1. HFSS, Edit Notes. Design Notes.

1. Project, Project Variables.

2. Project Variables Add (. 2.1).

1. HFSS Design Properties. ,

. 2.2. dlina lengh,

. 2.1. , HFSS Ansoft

pwlx - pwlx(variable, form_exp,

exp exp (x)=e x

pwlx (dataset_expression, variable),

dset ((x0, y0), ..., (xn, yn)).

1. Project, Datasets. Datasets.

1. Project, Datasets. Datasets.

. 2.8. Add Variable to Project $dlina_2

1. 3D Modeler, Units. Set

1. Draw, Arc, 3 Point.

1. Draw Arc, Center point (. 3.6).

3. Straight, Spline, 3 Point Arc, Center Point Arc

dX, dY, dZ,

3D Modeler Options Automatically cover closed

3D Modeler Options Automatically cover closed

1. Draw Regular polygon.

1. Draw, Regular Polyhedron.

4. Segment number, Number of segments,

1. Tools, Options 3D Modeler Options.

1. Tools, Parameters, 3D Modeler.

1. Tools, Parameters, 3D Modeler.

2. Edit Arrange, Rotate.

2. Edit, Duplicate, Along Line .

2. Edit Duplicate, Mirror.