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1970 IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. NS-30, No. 4, August 1983

THE FERMILAB ANTIPROTON SOURCE*

John Peoples
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory*
?.!I. Box 500
Batavia, Illinois 60510

Status of the Tevatron I Pro'ect The luminosity will decrease with time after a
---------_-------------d--.--
fill because of scattering from the residual gas in
Fermilab has begun the construction of a the Energy Saver, intrabeam scattering and beam-beam
proton-antiproton collider, the Tevatron I Project. scattering. If beam-beam scattering is neglected the
The goal of this project is to achieve l.Jminosity is calculated to decrease by 7% after 10
proton-an:iproton collisions at 2 TeYoin tge cenCer of hours. On the basis of the SPS experience we expect
mass at a 1Luninosity greater than 10 cm- set-I: The the beam-beam interaction will cause a more rapid
projeft consizts of the adaptation of the Energy decrease of luminosity'. Tne average luminosity will
Saver to a 1 TeV storage ring, modification of the probably be limited by the time required to replenish
existing Main Ring, and construction of an Antiproton the Antiproton Source with an additional 2x10" p'z.
Source. The locations of experimental halls for Once sufficient p's have been accumulated and cooled,
colliding-beams experiments are shown in Fig. 1. The filling of the Energy Saver is expected to take less
experimental hall at BO, which will contain the than 15 minutes. A 25% allowance was made in the
general-purpose CDF detector, was completed recently. design for the inevitable inefficiencies that will
Work continues on the adjacent experiment-assembly occur during the multistep transfer process between
area. The construction of the low-beta quadrupoles the Antiproton Source and the Energy Saver. The
for 80 is in progress and the installation of these design that is reported in the remainder of this paper
magnet3 will be completed in September, prior to the has a predicted accumulation rate of 1.1~10~' 5's per
first use of the Energy Saver for high-energy physics hour, roughly a factor of 2.5 greater than the design
experiments. The construction of the experimental specification of 2x10" 5'3 in 5 hours. This should
hall at DO is scheduled to begin during the second provide an adequate margin of safety.
half of 1984. Specialized experiments such as
small-angle elastic scattering and monopole searches Since the p's will be accelerated in the Main
are planned for the EO and FO straight sections. Ring and the Energy Saver, the longitudinal emittance
of the i;'s after cooling cannot be arbitrarily large.
The modifications of the Main Ring have already Calculations have shown that a bunch of 6x10" p's
begun, although t'he incorporation of all of the with a longitudinal emittance of 1.1 eV-seconds can be
modifications will not be finished until 1985. The efficiently accelerated to 150 GeV in the Main Ring in
construction and commissioning of the Antiproton seven 53 MHz buckets, subsequently coalesced into a
Source is expected to be completed by September of single 53 MHz rf bilcket and then transferred to the
1985. Shortly thereafter the first test of colliding Energy Saver3. For that reason the cooling system was
beams in the Energy Saver should occur. Colliding designed to increase the peak density of 5's to 10'
Beam physics is scheduled for 1986. p's/eV during the cooling cycle.

Performance Specifications of the Antiproton Source Antiproton

--_- Production
_---------
__-----_-----------------------------------
30
_2 In ordpr to achieve a peak luminosity of 10 The most efficient way to produce p's at Fermilab
GUI set- in the Energy Saver at 2 TeV, is to bombard a fixed target with high energy protons
t5-i from the Main Ring. All of the available 5 production
Antiproton Source must be able to accumulate 2x1O
antiprotons (E's) within a time that is shorter than data from nuclear targets as a function of proton
or comparable to the lllminosity lifetime. We plan to enemy, i; energy, 6 transverse momenta and A
obtain the design luminosity by injecting three dependence have been fitted in order to establish the
bunches of protons and three bunches of choices for proton energy and F momentum4. When the
counter-rotating i;'s into the Energy Saver. Head on energy dependence of the Main Ring cycle time is taken
collisions will take place in the six straight into consideration, there is R broad maximum iq the
sections. Since the experience at the SPS collider flux near 150 CeV proton energy'. Since it is
indicates that the luminosity lifetime is longest when desirable to locate the Scurce near the Booster, as
thethe psoton and antiproton bunches have the sxme shown in Fig. 1, the proton beam will be extracted
emittance , we have designed the Antiproton Source from the F17 medium straight section. This ChOLW
betatron cooling systems so that the transverse will limit the proton energy to 120 GeV, but the 5
emittance of the 5 bunches will be the same as the flux will be down only slightly from the optimum. The
transverse emittances of the proton bunches. The yield of p's per GeV/c into a 60 mrad cone as a
proton beam invariant emittances have been measured function of i; momentum has a broad maximum at 10 GeV/c
above transition in the Main Ring to be 24' mm-mrad in for this production energy. We chose to collect and
each plane. Since the beam-beam tune shift per cool p's at 8.9 GeV/c, since it is very nearly the
crossing for a fixed luminosity has its smallest value optimum choice of p momentum and since it is the
when the p bunches have the same intensity as the standard injection momentum into the Main Ring. At
proton bunches we plan to operate with bunches of 120 GeV, the Main Ring cycle time is 2 seconds.
equal intensity. The special high gradient
quadrupoles that are being constructed for the BO Since the yield of p's per incident proton is
straight section will make H* -100 cm in each plane. proportional to the product of the solid angle and the
Under these conditions a lluminosity of 103' cm-' see-' momentum spread accepted by the collection system
can be achieved with 6x10" p's per bunch. The linear these quantities should be large in an efficient
beam-beam tune shift per crossing will be 0.0017. collection system. The phase space volume from which
---__- the p's are collected is proportional to the 5 beam
*Operated by Universities Research Association, Inc. area and z time spread at the production target as
under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy. well 3S the solid angle and momentum spread. By
minimizing the former parameters, it is possible to

0018-9499/83/0800-1970$01BOO 1983 IEEE

 1971
increase the initial density 3nd make cooling easier. 52 II:.. 1 :'nan 1 nsec while the energy spread Will
The first step in the collection process is to collect be increased to about 0.4%'. The train of narrow
as many p's as possibLe while minimizing the proton bunches will be extracted from the Main Ring at
beam area and time spread. Our design will use a F17 as soon as the bunch rotation is completed.
lithium lens similar to that developed at INP,
Novosibirsk' to collect the c's produced within a cone 3. Antiproton
-.__-.-.-. Production
.-.--- _-- and
--- Transport
-___--_* The narrow
of 60 mrad. The active part of the lens, which is proton bunches will strike a tungsten target.
under construStisn, is a 15-cm long by Z-cm diameter producing a train of 82 equally narrow 5 bunches:
cylinder of Li . The peak focusing - gradient - will be 7 x 10 a.9 GeV/c p's will be collected by the
1000 T/m. lithium lens and transported by the i injection
line to the Debuncher'. The momentum spread of the
The proton beam area cannot be reduced c beam wi1L be 3% and its transverse emittances
arbitrarily, since for a fixed number of will be 2011 mm-mrad in each plane.
protons/pulse, the nearly instantaneous temperature
rise of the material in the target struck by the 4. Bunch Rotation in the Debut-E. The p's will be
g-j-g& eh' - ;-
proton beam is proportional to the flux density of An-t% ~<s~~t-c~e~~-53-MHz rf buc'kets in the
protons, which is inversely proportional to the beam Debuncher. After somewhat less than a quarter of
area. That flux density which heats the target to the a synchrotron oscillation, the rf voltage i~ill be
meLtin@; point poses a practical limit. Calculations rapidly decreased to match the bucket to the
donelfior Tevatron I conditions show that a pulse of rotated bunch, and then adiabatically decreased to
2x10 protons with an rms radius of 0.6 mm can be a few kilovolts. The final momentum spread will
safely targeted on a 6-cm long tungsten rhenium target be 0.2%'.
every 2 seconds*.
5. Transverse Cooling
- ---- in the Debuncher.
------ After
-----I.----
debunchlng, the horizGntal%<d vertical transverse
The number of protons which are routinely
accelerated in a single, cycle of the 8 GeV Booster, a emittances will be stochastically cooled in the
Booster batch, is 2*10 . We plan to accelerate one Debuncher from 20~ mm-mrad to less than
Booster batch of protons every 2 seconds. Each 7n mm-mradlO.
Booster batch will contain 82 53-MHz bunches. The
time spread of the proton bunches will be reduced to 6. Antiproton
-I- -I-- Accumulation
---- -.-- -- and
-- Cooling.
-.- The E's will
0.16 ns, rms, by a bunch rotation in the Main Ring be extracted from the Debuncher and injected into
just prior to extraction . In order to take advantage the Accumulator. Successive batches will be rf
of the narrow time spread, we plan to reduce the stacked at the edge of the stack as shown in
momentum spread of the P's by a bunch rotation Fig. 3. Between injection cycles, the stack will
followed by adiabatic debunching in an 8-GeV ring, the be stochastically cooled using a system similar to
Debuncher . the type developed by CERN for the AA ring." The
coherent force of the stochastic-cooling system
Since the bunch rotation is a relatively violent will move the fresh batch away from the stacking
process, we chose to accumulate the i's in a second orbit toward the core of the stack. Some i;'s will
ring, the Accumulator, rather than attempting to use be lost during transfer and rf stacking and some
the Debuncher for accumulation. The separation of the will diffuse away from the stack into the chamber
two functions into two rings, as shown in Fig. 2, walls. Allowing for losses, 6x10 p's will be
makes it possible to optimize each ring for its own stacked in each pulse12. In 4 hours, the peak core
purpose. The ability to do fast betatron cooling in density will grow to 10' c's per eV. The total
the Debuncher once the debunching is completed is an number of 5's in the stack wilL be 4.3~10~'.
additional benefit that Ls possible with two rings. During this time the betatron cooling systems will
reduce the horizontal and vertical emittances to
The transverse acceptance of the Debuncher will 2n mm-mrad.
limit the 5 beam emittance to 208 mm-mrad. The
momentum spread of the p beam will be limited to 31, 7. Filling
I ----- -Ithe Tevatron.
---- -- After accumulation is
since this B corresponds to a spread of 0.2% after complete, antiproton bunches of the desired
Debunching. The Accumulator stack tail momentum intensity will.be individually extracted from the
cooling system will not be able to accumulate the 5 core, transferred to the Main Ring, accelerated to
flux efficiently if the momentum spread is %.2%. At 150 GeV and injected into the Tevatron3. The same
the end of the debunching cycJ,e the number of p's per number of proton bunches of similar intensity will
unit energy wilL be 7 ev- , 10 times less than the be prepared in the Main Ring and injected into the
density that is required for colliding beams. Tevatron. All six bunches will then be
accelerated to about 1 TeV and the strength of the
Antiproton
--- -------- Source
--_--- Operation
---- _-- low beta quads increased in order to create the
appropriate conditions for experiments.
The sequence of operations that leads to
colliding beams involves seven steps: Dkbuncher

1. Proton - ;~~~
E~e~r-~ Acceleration
- seco~~~~,- for
-- I Antiproton
-- - - - -- - - -Production.
- . - - - - -. The primary purpose of the Debuncher is to reduce
one Booster batch containing the large momentum spread of the 8 GeV 5 beam at
2 x 10 protons in 82 rf bunches will be production to 0.2% or less prior to injection into the
accelerated in the Main Ring to 120 GeV and held Accumulators. Since the debunching time is slightly
at that energy while the rf manipulation described longer than 10 msec, the remainder of the 2-second
in the next step is carried out. cycle will be used for betatron-cooling.

2. Preparation
-._ -_--__ - of Protons - ---.
--------- for _Targeting.
----_- _-- The 53-MHz The Debuncher aperture was designed to accept
rf voltage will be decreased until the time spread beams with a momentum spread of 4% and a transverse
of each proton bunch increases to 9 nsec. The rf emittance of 201 mm-mrad in both planes. The
voltage will be increased rapidly to 4 MV per tarn betatron-cooling system was designed to reduce the
causing each proton bunch to rotate in phase emittance in each plane from 20~ to 7s mm-mrad or
space. After 1.3 msec the proton bunch width will less. This degree of cooling can be achieved by a
 197:

systa;ji operating in the frequency range of 2 to !J GHz. temptrature. Table 2 summarizes the parameter3 of the
r The aperture of the difference pickup loops was chosen Debuncher Betatron Cooling Systems.
to be 30 mm in order to get adequate sensitivity. The
beam tube must be no more than 35 mm in diameter in at Table 2 Debuncher Betatron Cooling System
least part of the arc which connects the pickup3 and
kicker3 , in order to prevent microwave power in the Pickup Midband frequency 3 GHz
bandwidth from propagating from the kickers to the Pickup Characteristic Impedance, Z. 75Q
pickups. These constraints limit g in these region3 Sensitivity (coupler factor) 1.73
to 10 a or less. Number of pickup pair3 per system, n 128
Terminating resistor temperature, @HP 80%
The betatron-cooling system placed additional Amplifier equivalent noise temperature, BA 12ooK
restrictions on the design of the lattice, since the Separation of pickup plates 30 mm
betatron phase advance between the pFckup5 and kicker Maximum amplifier gain 138 db
must be near r/2, modulo nn. The remaining constraint Maximum output power 500 w
which wa5 imposed on the Debuncher lattice followed Initial Emittance, h and v 20~ mm-mrad(lOO%)
from the choice of yT. Since the rf voltage \hat,is Final Emittance, h and v 7~ mm-mrad!99%)
needed for debunching is proportional to n (Y - -r 1,
a value of 0.003 would be preferred. On F he other
hand, the smaller the value of n, the poorer the The results of the calculation based on these
mixing and hence the slower the cooling rate. After parameters show that rms emittance decreases by nearly
weighing the various possibilities a lattice was an order of magnitude after 2 seconds of cooling".
picked which made n = 0.006 . The lattice, one sextant
of which is shown in Fig. 4, consist5 of a regular Accumulator
__-------
structure of 57 nearly kdentical cells each with a
phase advance of roughly 60 . The triangular shape of The purpose of the Accumulator is to cool and
the latttce, as exhibited in Fig. 3, was chosen to accumulate a Flux of 10" p'z/hr for a period of at
allow ihe Debuncher and Accumulator to be in a common least 12 hours. In addition it should be able t0
tunnel . The regular quadrupole spacing is continued store the 7'3 for a longer time, since a long storage
through the long straight sections in order to provide time will provide additional flexibility during
space for rf, stochastic cooling and beam transfer. colliding-beam operation.
Table 1 provides a tabulation of zome of the
parameter5 of the Debuncher lattice. The cooling systems which will be used are
similar in principte to the systems developed at CERN
Table 1 Debuncher Lattice Parameter3 for the AA ring. They differ primarily in the
Tune V,, 'Jy (Nominal) 9.75, 9.75 implementation since the cooling rate of 10" <'s/hr
7.66 can be achieved only CF the system bandwidth is in the
yT microwave region.
Betatron Acceptance, h and v 205 mm-mrad The stack tail momentum system will
Momentum Acceptance 4% accumulate p*s by building a density profile a5 shown
Natural Chromaticity, cx and 5 -10.4, -10.6 in Fig. 3. It require3 a high dispersion straight
Circumference Y section for the pickups and a zero dispervion straight
505 m
Operating Energy 8.0 GeV section for the kickers. The stack tail betatron
Superperiodicity 3 systems require high dispersion regions for both
pickup3 and kickers. The betatron phase advance
between these two straight sections should be about
The horizontal betatron-cooling system consists w2, modulo nlT. The core momentum system which will
of u modules of pickups and 4 module5 of kickers, increase the density to 10' p's/eV require5 a high
which are arranged a5 shown in Fig. 2. Each module dispersion region for the pickup3 and a zero
consists of 32 pairs of loop couplers, which have a dispersion region For the kickers. The horizontal and
maximum response at 3 GHz. The signals from the 32 vertical core betatron systems requires separate zero
pickups from a given side are added in phase. The dispersion regions For pickups and kickers, which have
combined signals from each side are subtracted to form a betatron-phase advance of about n/2, module nn,
a signal which is proportional to the horizontal between them.
position of the beam. The signal5 from the two
horizontal modules which are located on either side of The microwave bandwidth of the stack-tail
a horizontally defocusing quadrupole are added and momentum system create3 a very difficult design
amplified by 40 db. The amplified signal is added to challenge for the notch filters which are an integral
the amplified signal of a second pgir of horizontal part of the system. The gain of the stack-tail
modules which are displaced 180 in betatron-phase momentum system has to be large in order to move the
advance from the first pair. The combined signal is p's from the stacking orbit into the denser part of
amplified further with the final 40 db being provided the tail before the next pulse of p's is deposited on
by traveling wave amplifiers (TWT3). The amplified the stacking orbit. This large gain will cau5e the
output is split and used to drive four kicker module5 thermal noise in the bandwidth of the core to heat the
which are arranged in a similar fashion to the core unless the power at those Frequencies is reduced
pickups. The arrangement of the four module5 of by 40db or more. The necessary suppression can be
pickups and four module5 of kicker3 for the vertical achieved with either a notch filter or a correlation
betatron cooling system follows the same pattern a5 filter. Since these Filters must suppress harmonics
the horizontal betatron system. Consideration is of the Accumulator revolution frequency, the
being given to varying the gain during 2 set cooling transmission line used in such Filters has to be
cycle in order to optimize the cooling. superconducting; otherwise the attenuation OF
microwave signals will be excessive. After a good
Since the p beam in the Debuncher consists of deal of consideration and debate, the bandwidth of the
less than 105 particles, the amplified output is stack-tail momentum system was picked to be l-2 GHz,
dominated by thermal noise of the pickup termination since we believed that acceptable filters could be
resistor and the GaAsFet preamplifier. The thermal built In that bandwidth.
noise will be reduced by nearly a factor of three by
cooling the pickup5 and preamplifier5 to liquid N2 The use of such filters requires that the
 Schottky bands within the bandwidth of the stack-tail Z-4 Cp:: :>~ndwidth. A11 systems w<ll use loop coupl,srs
system be non overlapping, in order to preserve a for pickups and kickers. A11 of the pickdpa and the
unique relation between frequency and energy. The preamplifiers will be cooled to the temperature OP
largest value of n for which this can be satisfied is liquid N in order to reduce the thermal noise. The
slightly less than 0.03. In order to satisfy this vacuum vo f LUne containing the A<50 pickups till be
restriction and to optimize the cooling n was picked pumped with a liquid He cryopump. All of th2 systelns
to be 0.023, thus fixing 'Y, to be 5.42. The choice of will use TWT's in the high power output stages. They
bandwidth and YT s.lso cbnstrained the acceptance of will be typically operated at lest than 23% of their
the Accumulator. We chose to limit the separation of maximum rating. Since the stack-tail momentum system
the pickup plate to 30 mm in order to achieve adequate is the most complicated system Lt is described in
sensitivity. This led us to limit the Accumulator somewhat more detail in the following paragraphs.
acceptance to 107 mm-mrad. The momentum spread of the
input flux will be limited to 0.2% by the microwave The block diagraun of the stack-tail momentum
output power of the stack-tall momentum system. The system is shown in Fig. 6. The pickups and kickers
Accurmllator was designed to have a momentum Bcceptance will be grouped into modulfss, each of whi,zh Will
of 2.5%. _
After allowance is made for the momentum contain 16 pairs of loop couplers. The signal from
spread of the p stack and the momentum aperture needed eight pickups will be combined using a combiner board
for rf stacking, the 2.5% aperture will accommodate a made of l/4 wave striplines". The signals from up to
7 flux with a 0.3% momentum spread at injection. eight groups of eight pickups will be added together
in the vacuum chamber and then brought outside of the
The preceding choices strongly constrain but do vacuum chamber. The signals from the upper and lower
not define the lattice. The Accumulator lattice which plates will be added together to form the sum signal.
accommodates the cooling systems contains six 16 m These signals will be combined into two groups whi-h
long straight sections, which alternate between high will be amplified and filtered independently. Finally
dispersion and zero dispersion. A dispersion of 9 m these two signals will be combined.
ws.3 obtained by concentrating the bending at the high
dispersion straight section3 as shown in Fig. 2. Each group of pickups shown on Fig. 6 will be
Figure 5 shows the lattice functions vs position for displaced horizontally by a different amount relative
one sextant of the Accumulator. The beta functions to the central orbit. The location of a group of
are less than 16 m throughout both types of straight pickups is designated by the energy of the orbit that
section so that the uncooled 5 beam will be passes under the center of the pickups. The energy is
accommodated by the 30 mm aperture of the stochastic measured with respect to the energy of the central
cooling pickups and kickers. The natural <orbit. By subtracting the -1 MeV pickup signal from
c'hromatizities are -8.52, -12.93 in the horizontal and the 16 MeV pickup signal the amplified Schottky power
vertical planes. Sextupoles will be used as shown in from particles in the core will be reduced to near
Fig. 5 in order to correct the momentum dependence of zero. On the other hand, the amplifled signal from
tne tune. Table 3 provides a tabulation of some of particles with an energy near the stack tail pickups
the chromaticity corrected lattice parameters. receive relatively small contributions from the -1 MeV
pickups in comparison to the signal from the 16 tieV
Table 3 Accumulator Lattice Parameters pickups. A similar subtraction will be made with the
Corrected for Chroroaticity -1 MeV and -25 MeV pickups.

Injection Stacking Core Although the gain profile will be determined

Orbit Orbit Orbit primarily by the spatial sensitivity of pickups, the
notch filters will provide some gain shaping as well
Kinetic as suppression of the thermal noise at harmonics of
Energy (GeV) 8.01 7.94 7.87 the core revolution frequencies. The filters may be
6.616 6.611 6.614 either notch filters or correlators, since we have
$ 8.611 8.611 8.611 been successful in constructing superconducting
2.05 1.13 -.22 transmission line filters sjith the proper notch depth
.21 .32 .33 and dispersion for both ca9es.l' The calculated
2 5.37 5.42 5.50 performance is based on the correlator type of filter.
n 0.024 0.023 0.022
The final output stage will consist of 40 TWTs,
Since the stability of the stored beam for 24 each rated at 200W of saturated output power. The
hours or more is an overriding priority, the phase total microwave output power will be 16OOW. Even when
advance per superperiod is slightly different from the operating at 20% of the saturated power, the TWTs will
conditions which wouid be ideal for betatron cooling. generate significant intermodulation distortion. This
This causes a small amount of degradation in the Will fill in the notch at the core, unless fiirther
horizontal stack tail betatron cooling system as the filtering is done. We are proposing to combine two
kickers cannot be put at exactly the correct spacing T'WTs in push-pull and then drive the output through a
from the pi,okups. The other systems can be adjusted correlator filter. This will reduce the power at the
to have the proper phase advance. By increasing the core frequencies to an acceptable level. Since we
power of the horizontal cooling system, the desired estimate that the superconducting transmission lines
betatron emittances can be obtained. oe our design can transmit 200W before they quench,
there should be an adequate margin of safety for
Accumulator
--- -------- Cooling
----__-_ Systems transnitting 40W. Experimental verification of our
estimate is in progress. Each of the twenty
Tne six stochastic cooling systems in the correlator outputs Will be used to drive 8 pairs of
Accumulator will be arranged as shown in Fig. 2. The kickers.
stack-tail systems will operate in the 1-Z GHZ
bandwidth, while the core systems will operate in the
1974

Conclusions Acknowledgements

We have designedTan Antiproton Source that is 1 am happy to acknowledge that this report
capable of providing sufficient F's to achieve a represents the very dedicated work of my colleagues in
luminosity of 1030 in the Energy Saver. In principle, the Fermilab Tevatron I Section and our collaborators
it should be possible to increase the bunch intensity at Argonne, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, INp at
to 10" without exceeding a beam-beam tune shift of Novosibirsk and the University of Wisconsin.
0.003, the value which has been sustained at the SPS
collider with the same arrangement of bunches as
described here.' This bunch intensity would provide a
luminosity of 3x10" cm-' see-'. Further increases in
luminosity can be achieved if a suitable system of
beam separators can be devised, so that more bunches
can be injected.
"eferrncrs
9. Paper .lY. LllCHr prurrdingb; A rsl!q iur AnLiprOLo Cllrcil
1. paper ~5, t,irbr proircdingti; The Frrlnilab E"rrw Saver. and Beam Irsi,upc>rt in the Fermilab Trva~run I Prajrct. E. Colt",,
J.R. err. and C. Hujvdt.

2, pap,1 Hj, L&Se prucerdings; nw lit!anl-Bri"~~ Effect ill Lbe 10. Paper s4. these pr"credi"Ki; F*st fletacron Cooling in the
sps pro~,J"-i\"tiprato" Collldrr. I..R. Eva"8 and J. CareYte. Debunchcr Ri"i: LOT the Fermilab Trvarrari I rro,rcr, B. A"Li".
J. Marri"er, 4. nuggirro and K. Tdiayma.
3. Paper ~20, t,tese procerdings; RF ~xrrclsrs Assuctdted
"ith *cceleratio" of 1nrrriae Antiprofa" Bu"chcs dt Fcrulll.lb. 11. 0. .!,ohl. C. i'rtruccl. IL. Tin>rndalil, i"d S. vau drr Elerr. t'bysics
lleporcs z, 73 ClYHO).
4. Cn,lculacloo uf ~nripruton Yields far the k'rrniiI.,b A"ti,>rotw
Source, Fermil,b-Pub 82143 (submitted t" Nucl. 1"s~. Meth.). 12. Paper 57. these procrrdl,,p.: Effrits uf KF Sr.+ckini: on Couliny
C. Nojvat and A. "a" Ginnrken. Tail In ciie FNAI. Anciproro" Accumularur. A. And" and K. Tnkayan,.,.

5. B.F. Bryan"" eL ill., N"Cl. 1nar. Merhuda IYO (IY8l). 9. 11. Paper 1.9, thele p'"Crcdillga; Iktil~" of dll B CU'J ACCllmlllrltor
Ring fur Lhe YcrnliIdb Tcvarr"" 1 PrujecL. A. Ando. T. Collins
6. Paper K51, these prucerdings; Mrchanlc~l rnJ Electric*1 "esla" and i1.E. Juh",no".
of the Fermilab Lithium Lens and Transformerr, 6. Dugan re al.
Paper K52, these proceedings; The Design Parameters for a ,a. Paper w25. CheJe proceedings; A" Array of St"chd.scic Cd"llng
Lithium Lens a. a" Anripro~o" ColLector. A. Lennox. Electrodes for I to 2 Cliz, F. Uorlker. W.S. Fiood, T. ilrnderron,
and J. Johiiso".
7. Paper S21, these pruceedinps; Tune and Mumrn~um Excl,c,n~r fur
PraducLlon and Collection of intanae A,lti,~r"to" Bedmu *t 15. Paprr EM, these ,ir"cucdt"qs; SupcrconducLlni: 0elily 1.1"~ fur
Fermilnh, I, Grilfln. .J. Hacl.ucillil". A. RI,~&tlcr". imrl K. 'r,Ih.lymllli Srochuarl CWll"~ FllL.ra. M. Kuclmlr, i.0. k:,lrtliy. ,,",I
R. I'"rrq"l"ul Ii.
8. Paper 024. these procredlngr; Thr Frrmidb rr"aLr"li I LkbU"L/t~r
Ring. A. Augglrro.

2
0 '#-V

Er' !

\
11 ysmw >{
- 1 ?,

~.~zLm 'fA,\ oeo

'h
~~EE~~~,~ f

,
i i

i mloYxNii,
I-LWBETITSO(
ii
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Figure 2

/ STOCHASTIC
COOLING SYSTEMS
 1975
TEVATRON I

Figure

4
Figure 6
- IO
7
>
2
3. 103
5
.z 102
0

IO

-80 -65 -50 -35 -20 -5 IO 25 40

ENERGY RELATIVE TO THE CENTRAL ENERGY (Me.)

Fi8rr 3 - Denatfy of Stack Tail YP Energy b Tnc

5
DebuncherLaltlceF"rcllonsFor cm Sellanl
4
; 3
i 2 jI
0' / )-
01
20 t A /*.