CEE 220 Homework No.

7 Solution - Part 1

Reading Assignments:
Please read the Torsion handouts.

Problem Set
For all problems, write a problem statement, provide sketches, and comment on your thought process.
Draw free body diagrams as applicable.

1. Strain Energy Density

m
er as
For plane stress, the strain energy density can be computed as:

co
1 1 1

eH w
u= x x + y y + xy xy
2 2 2

o.
For the following, it is safe to assume that for the given levels of stress and strain, the material behaves

rs e
as a linear elastic isotropic material):
ou urc
(a) A thin titanium (Ti-6A1-4V with E = 17500 ksi, G = 6500 ksi and = 0.35) plate is subjected to
the state of stress shown, determine the strain energy density (units of kipin/in3 ).
o

y = 75 ksi
aC s
vi y re

xy = 85 ksi

x = 100 ksi
ed d
ar stu
sh is
Th

(b) The same material is deformed in the manner shown below. Assuming that the distance = 1mm
and the plate has original dimensions a = 1 m, determine the strain energy density.

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 CEE 220 2

Solution, part (a)

Hookes Law:
x y y x xy
x = y = xy =
E E E E G

Combining the Hookes Law equations with the strain energy density equation gives:
1  x y  1  y x  1 xy
u = x + y + xy
2 E E 2 E E 2 G
1 x2 1 y2 x y 2
1 xy
= + +
2E 2E E 2 G

m
er as
Titanium Ti-6A1-4V has the following material properties:

co
eH w
E = 17500ksi G = 6500ksi = 0.35
1002 752 (100)(75) 852

o.
u= + 0.35 +

rs e
2(17500) 2(17500) 17500 2(6500)
ou urc
k in
u = 0.852
in3
o

Solution, part (b) for the block shown, with a = 1m and = 1mm.
aC s

dx
vi y re

x = = =0
x a
dy
y = = =0
y a
0 0
ed d

dx dy 2 2(0.001m)
xy = + = + = = = 0.002
dy dx a a a 1m
ar stu

Hookes Law:
sh is

xy = Gxy
Th

Combining with the strain energy density equation:

1 1 1
u= x x + y y + xy xy
2 2 2
1 2
= 0 + 0 + Gxy
2
1 k in
= (6500ksi)(0.002)2 u = 0.013
2 in3

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 CEE 220 3

2. Required Strength of Material in a Steel Column

A steel column is subjected to a combination of loads (only the main axial load is shown in the figure)
resulting in the given stress state. Determine the required material yield stress for this steel column
using:

(a) the maximum shear stress (Tresca) failure criterion.

(b) the maximum distortional energy (Von Mises) failure criterion.
(c) the maximum shear stress (Tresca) failure criterion for the case of axial compression alone (i.e.,
the simple loading shown in the figure). Assume an axial load of P = 50 kips on the column.

P 0.75 in

m
er as
0.38 in
12 in

co
eH w
0.75 in

o.
rs e 14 in
ou urc
55 ksi
o

15 ksi
aC s

10 ksi
vi y re
ed d
ar stu

Solution, part (a) Tresca

Determine principal stresses:

sh is

s 2 s 2
Th

x + y x y 2
10ksi 55ksi 10ksi + 55ksi
1,2 = + xy = + (15ksi)2
2 2 2 2
1 = 13.29ksi
2 = 58.29ksi

Since 1 and 2 are opposite signs:

Y S |1 2 |
Y S 71.58ksi

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 CEE 220 4

Solution, part (b) VonMises

Use the principal stresses found in part (a)

q
Y S 12 1 2 22
p
Y S (13.29ksi)2 (13.29ksi)(58.29ksi) (58.29ksi)2
Y S 65.95ksi

Solution, part (c) 50k axial Load

m
er as
Need to find y
x = xy = 0

co
eH w
A = 2(AF lange ) + AW eb = 2(0.75in)(14in) + (12in)(0.38in) = 25.56in2

o.
50k
= 1.96ksi
y = 2 =
rs e
25.56in2
ou urc
Since 1 = x = 0
Y S |2 | = 1.96ksi
o
aC s
vi y re
ed d
ar stu
sh is
Th

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 CEE 220 5

3. Concrete Cylinder Failure

The concrete cylinder shown in the figure has a radius of 4 in and is subjected to a torque T = 200 ftlb
and an axial compressive force P = 2500 lb. The particular mix design used for this concrete will fail
in tension at ult = 2 ksi, but is able to withstand five times this value in compression.

(a) Determine if the cube will fail based upon the maximum normal stress (Rankine) failure theory.
Accomplish this by drawing the failure envelope in a principal stress space and plotting the principal
stresses for this cylinder.
(b) What is the factor of safety against failure? Hint: A factor of safety is defined as the ratio of the
capacity of the material to the demand placed upon it by the loading.

m
er as
co
eH w
T

o.
rs e
ou urc
o
aC s
vi y re

P
Solution
ed d
ar stu

Determine if the cylinder will fail based upon the maximum normal stress failure theory. Draw a
failure envelope and plot the principal stresses.

A = r2 = (4)2 = 50.27in2
sh is

J = r4 = (4)4 = 402.1in4
2 2
Th

Stresses on a surface stress block element:

P 2.5k
y = = = 0.0497ksi
A 50.27in2
Tc (0.2k-ft)(12in/f t)(4in)
xy = = = 0.0239ksi
J 402.1in4

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 CEE 220 6

Determine principal stresses:

s 2 s 2
x + y x y 2
0.0497ksi 0.0497ksi
1,2 = + xy = + (0.0239ksi)2
2 2 2 2
1 = 0.00963ksi
2 = 0.0593ksi

Failure envelope:

2 (ksi)

m
er as
co
(2, 2)

eH w
o.
1 (ksi)
rs e
ou urc
(0.00963, -0.0593)
o
aC s
vi y re

(10, 10)
The point plots inside the failure envelope. Therefore, failure does not occur.
ed d
ar stu

Determine the factor of safety against failure:

2ksi
F ST ension = = 208
0.00963ksi
sh is

10ksi
F SCompression = = 169 controls
0.0593ksi
Th

Remark:

If we increase the applied torque, the cylinder will fail in tension because the tensile principal stress is
due to the shear stresses. Increasing the compressive force will eventually cause compressive failure.

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 CEE 220 7

4. Torques on a Steel Shaft

(a) Concentrated Torques on a Steel Shaft
Consider the steel shaft subjected to the concentrated torques shown in figure. This shaft is made
from A36 steel (G = 11, 000 ksi). The shaft is securely fixed at point A.

450 ft-lb 300 ft-lb

D1 = 8 in 150 ft-lb 150 ft-lb

D2 = 5 in

A B C D E

m
1 ft 1 ft 1 ft 2 ft 2 ft

er as
(a) Draw the torque diagram for the shaft.

co
eH w
(b) What is the maximum shear stress acting in the segment between points B and C?
(c) What is the maximum shear stress acting in the segment between points D and E?

o.
(d) Determine the total angle of twist for the shaft (between points A and E).
rs e
ou urc
(b) Distributed and Concentrate Torsion Loadings on a Steel Shaft
Consider a solid shaft is subjected to the distributed and concentrated torsional loadings shown in
figure.
o
aC s

0.8 in-k/in 15 in-k

vi y re
ed d
ar stu

1 ft 0.5 ft 0.5 ft

(a) Draw the torque diagram for the shaft.

(b) Determine the required diameter D of the shaft if the allowable shear stress for the material
sh is

is allow = 10 Ksi.
Th

(a) Solution:
(a) Torque diagram:

A B C D E
300
150
Torque
x (ft)
(ft-lbs)

-450

(b) Maximum shear stress between points B and C:

Tc (0)(4in)
BC = = = 0
J (4in)4
2

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 CEE 220 8

(c) Maximum shear stress between points D and E:

Tc (150f t lb)(12in/f t)(2.5in)

DE = = = 73.3psi
J (2.5in)4
2
(d) Total angle of twist for the shaft:

TL
=
JG
AE = AB + BC + CSplice + SpliceD + DE
 
in
(450f t lbs) 12 (12in)
ft
AB =    = 1.465 105 rad
psi

m

(4in)4 (11000ksi) 1000

er as
2 ksi
 

co
in
(0f t lbs) 12 (12in)

eH w
ft
BC =    =0
 psi

o.
(4in)4 (11000ksi) 1000
2 ksi
rs e 
in

ou urc
(300f t lbs) 12 (12in)
ft
CSplice =    = 0.977 105 rad
 psi
(4in)4 (11000ksi) 1000
2 ksi
o

 
in
(300f t lbs) 12 (24in)
aC s

ft
 = 12.801 105 rad
vi y re

SpliceD =  
 psi
(2.5in)4 (11000ksi) 1000
2 ksi
 
in
(150f t lbs) 12 (24in)
ft
ed d

CE =    = 6.400 105 rad

4
 psi
ar stu

(2.5in) (11000ksi) 1000

2 ksi
AE = 1.465 105 rad + 0 + 0.977 105 rad + 12.801 105 rad + 6.400 105 rad
AE = 18.7 105 rad
sh is
Th

(b) Solution:
(a) Torque diagram:

5.4 0.8 15
Torque
x (ft)
(k-in)
1 ft 0.5 ft 0.5 ft

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 CEE 220 9

(b) Minimum required diameter for allow = 10 ksi:

Tc T rmin
max = =
J r4
2 min
3 2T 2(15k in)
rmin = = = 0.9549in3
max (10ksi)
rmin = 0.985in
dmin = 2rmin = 1.97in

m
er as
co
eH w
o.
rs e
ou urc
o
aC s
vi y re
ed d
ar stu
sh is
Th

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