2015 15th International Conference on Control,Automation and Systems (ICCAS 2015)

Oct. 13-16,2015 in BEXCO,Busan,Korea

Fast Magnetic Field Simulation with Linear System Approach

i* i i i 2
Jaeho Lim , Chang-Beom Kim , Sunglok Choi , HyoBong Hong and JongWon Park
i Advanced Vision System Research Section,Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI),
218 Gajeong-ro,Yuseong-gu,Daejeon,305-700,Korea
Gh.lim@etri.re.kr*,cbkim@etri.re.kr,sunglok@etri.re.kr,hb8868@etri.re.kr) * Corresponding author
2 Department of Information Communications Engin.,ChungNam National University (CNU),

99 Daehak-ro,Yuseong-gu,Daejeon 305-764,Korea Gwpark@cnu.ac.kr)

Abstract: In this research, we propose a noble methodology for modeling and simulation of the intensity and
direction of the magnetic fields generated by coils in a limited 3-dimensional region. This method was strictly based
on the Biot-Savart's law determining the magnetic fields induced by currents flowing through the coils. We also used
Finite Element Method (FEM), a numerical technique for finding a solution for each subdivision of a whole domain
within the regions of interest. Based on the introduction of rotational transform method for an arbitrary axis, this
method possesses a strong analysis capability for the magnetic fields in the vicinity of the coil at an arbitrary position in
3-dimensional region. In addition, a linear calculation system adopted in the simulation process was able to carry on
high-performance analysis for the magnetic fields generated by even multiple coils. We strongly propose that this noble
method would be a powerful simulation tool for the design of a system that can generate magnetic fields within a 3-dim
region of interest considering both the intensity and direction.

Keywords: magnetic field simulation,steady currents,Biot-Savart's law ,FEM,MATLAB

1. INTRODUCTION determining the magnetic fields induced by currents

The simulation for the magnetic field distribution is
important in many fields such as MRI, motors, electric
and electronic systems. Especially, in case of the
high-cost facilities required for semiconductor
processing,it is necessary to simulate the magnetic field
for prototyping and validation of the system [1] [2]. It is
not, however, easy to analyze the complex magnetic
fields in a way of user-defined codes because the
mathematical process in the magnetic field analysis
generally includes a very complicated form of vectors
and integral calculus.
Various approaches have been performed to simulate
magnetic fields. COMSOL Multiphysics is a fmite
element analysis, solver and Simulation software / FEA
Software package for various physics and engineering
applications, especially coupled phenomena, or
multiphysics. This commercial software allows for
entering coupled systems of partial differential
equations (PDEs) [3]. However, it is hard to be used to
simulate magnetic fields, that is, users should modify
the simulation's conditions repetitively. FARADAY is
a 3D time-harmonic eddy current field solver from
INTEGRATED Engineering Software. This program
provides accurate calculations for optimization of
parameters such as force, torque and power, and the
eddy current calculations can be used for determining
losses, which in turn can be used for thermal analysis
input [4]. However, it is difficult to apply to
multi-physics because it is designed to electromagnetic.
Therefore, in this research, we used MATLAB to
develop a noble method for modeling and simulation of
the intensity and direction of the magnetic fields
generated by coils in a limited 3-dimensional region.
This method was strictly based on the Biot-Savart's law
flowing through the coils. We also used Finite Element
Method (FEM) [5] [6],a numerical technique for finding
a solution for each subdivision of a whole domain
within the regions of interest.
2. METHODS AND MODELING
2.1 Assumption
We considered 3 assumptions for simplification of the
magnetic field distribution around an electrical coil
system. First assumption was focused on the
3-dimensional space. In normal, the magnetic field
analysis for the unlimited range of 3-dim region is not
practical and inefficient. Consequently, we set a limited
region in the vicinity of the coil system as the region of
interest to determine the magnetic field intensity and
direction,which was treated as a vacuous space to apply
vacuum state to magnetic permeability in the calculation
process.
Second assumption is on the shape of electrical coil
system. Normally, the shape of actual coil system
represents a spiral form, but, in this study, we assumed
that our system was composed of the series of a circular
wire that has the same number of turns and dimensions
as the actual coil system.
Third, we assumed that the alternating currents were
supplied to this system and there would not be no
transient response normally existing at the early stage of
electric power supply or switching. Consequently, the
Biot-Savart's law was able to be applied to the
calculation of magnetic fields induced by the steady
state alternating currents.

978-89-93215-09-0/15/$31.00 @lCROS 1425

 section. Completed for all infinitesimal coil section
2.2 Biot-Savart's law composing the circular coils, the calculation proceeded
to temporarily analyze the magnetic field for time L1 t.
The Biot-Savart's law has been well known to
describe the physic of the magnetic field induced by
2.4 Linear system
electric currents and mathematically described as
follows, The number of the calculation process would
exponentially increase for the case of multiple coils,
", I d J Xr 1'- compared to single coil. To improve this inefficient
d= t _", = 4w 0.- . mjA) ( )
---- (
4w calculation process, we applied a linear calculation
l eU r system in a way of simple rotation and translocation of
=
4l'f \l'i'
= ( 2) the location and vectors of one infinitesimal coil section

-
In equation (1) above, dB represents the magnetic
field vector at an arbitrary point P, Po vacuum-state
permeability,I the electric current flowing through coil,
d vector of an infinitesimal coil section, and r the
unit vector of :ji! between an infinitesimal coil section
and an arbitrary point P. We can obtain equation (2) by
substituting :;! / r into r in equation (1).
which was once determined at the first step, not by
calculating each individual infinitesimal coil section of
entire coil system, which enabled rapid simulation
performance.
Equation (3) represents the magnetic field intensity
rises in proportion to a rise in current. Therefore, if the
standard current has been set and calculated the
magnetic field of finite elements,the magnetic field by a
random current can be figured out by multiplying or
dividing multiples. In this paper, the standard current
was 1 Ampere flows through wires.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Figure 4(a) represents the contour of the magnetic

field intensity when alternating current of I Ampere
flows through an infinitesimal coil section of 0.01 m in
length at (x, y, z) (3, 3, 0). The red represents strong
=

magnetic field,the blue weak intensity of magnetic field,

Fig. I Magnetic B-Field due to a circular current 100p[7]
2.3 FEM (Finite Elements Method)
As shown in equation (2), we can calculate the
magnetic field vector, dB, generated at point P by an
which describe that the magnetic field is getting weaker
as the distance from the core of the coil becomes farther.
The square represents the cross sectional area of the coil.
Figure 4(b) represents the contours of the magnetic field
intensity for the cross sectional areas of 2 coils under
the same electric current located at (x,y,z) {(0.5,0.05,
=

infinitesimal coil section dl However, we need to use 0),(0.5,-0.05,O)},respectively.

FEM to determine all magnetic field vectors within the
3-dim regions of interest,as shown in figure 2.

3.1

3.05

295
(Q)
2.9

Fig. 2 FEM for RO[ in 3-dimensions

2.85 2.9 2.95 3.05 3.1 3.15

After calculation of entire distribution of the

magnetic field generated by an infinitesimal coil section (a)
for the entire region of interest using FEM,we repeated
the mathematical process for another infinitesimal coil

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 Figure 6(a) shows the magnetic fields around a pile
01
of 10 circular coils, and coil system was supplied by
0.08
alternating current of -1 Ampere. Each coil of 0.1 m in
radius and the center of the first circular wire is located
006
at (x, y, z) (0.5, 0, 0). Also, the simulation result
004
=

seems to be definitely correct and the magnetic field

0.02
vectors for the entire coil system was properly
distributed following the Biot-Savart's law. Figure 6(b)
-00
. 2
shows the image of a temporal moment for the case of
- 0 04
alternating current of I Ampere with 100 Hz,applied to
-0.06
2 coil systems. Due to the introduction of alternating
-00
. 8
current, the distribution of magnetic field continuously
-01
changes with a certain period.
0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6

(b)
Fig. 4 Magnetic field due to infinitesimal coil sections 08

06
Figure 5(a) shows the simulation plot describing that
04
alternating current of -1 Ampere flows through a
02
circular coil of 0.1 m in radius and the center of the
circular wire is located at (x, y, z) (0.5, 0, 0). Figure I 0
=
>-

5(b) shows more details of Figure 5(a), and we can -0 2

recognize the proper distribution of direction of the -04

magnetic field vectors following the Biot-Savart's law. -0 .6

- 0 .8

-1

0.8 X[m]

0.6 (a)
0. 4

0. 2

I 0
>-

-0.2

-0.4

-0 .6

-0.8

-1
-1 -0.5 o 0.5
X[m]

(a)

--
. --0 -- ,.

(b)
Fig. 6 Distribution of magnetic fields due to two coils
I
>-

4. CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, we developed a noble analysis method

for the simulation of the magnetic field induced by the
steady state currents flowing through the electric coils.
As a first step, we confirmed the proper magnetic field
(b) distributions for an infinitesimally small coil section and
Fig. 5 Distribution of magnetic field due to a coil further a circular wire using our method. Then, we
proceeded to analysis for a pile of the circular coils,

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which also satisfied the Biot-Savart's law. Finally, we
successfully performed the simulation of 2 coil system
for the alternating current supply, which represents the
capability of temporal analysis under arbitrary electrical
conditions. We strongly propose that this noble method
would be a powerful simulation tool for the design of a
system that can generate magnetic fields within a 3-dim
region of interest considering both the intensity and
direction.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by the ICT R&D program
of MSIPIIITP, Republic of Korea. [RO I 0 I -15-0034
(10041066), Development of tactile information storing
and playing platform based on flexible sensors for
immersible media]

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sics
[4] https:llwww.integratedsofi.com/products/faraday
[5] Silvester, P. and Chari, M.Y.K., "Finite Element
Solution of Saturable Magnetic Field Problems,"
IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and
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[7] http://phylab.yonsei.ac.kr

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