Covalent bonding Ionic bonding Metallic bonding

Cl2

Existence Simple molecules. Giant ions Giant Metal (metal

(Crystals, salt) lattice)
Bonds between Non-metal + non- Metal + non-metal Metal + metal
metal
Reason for Atoms want to have noble gases electron configuration
bonding
How particles Atoms share electrons Electrons are Atoms release their
are bonded with transferred between electrons to become
atoms to form ions. cations.
Cations and anions Electrons are shared
are held together by between all cations.
electric attraction
Attraction between - attraction between Attraction between
shared electrons and cations and anions a metal cation and
protons in each the shared electrons
nucleus that surround it
Compounds or Elements or Compounds Elements
elements compounds
What decides Strong attraction Mobility of electrons
properties among ions within a within a metal
crystal lattice lattice
Conductivity Do no normally Ability to conduct Can conduct
conduct electricity depend on state electricity and heat
Solid: doesnt conduct
Melted or when
dissolved in water:
conduct
Melting/boiling Low melting point and High melting point High melting point
point boiling point and boiling point and boiling point

Phases at room Usually liquids or gas Usually solids Usually solids

temperature
Hardness soft Hard, but brittle Hard, malleable

Chemical formula: - What elements a compound contains

- Ratio of the atoms or ions of these elements in the
compound.

Diatomic molecule: = molecules contain 2 atoms.

VD: H2, Cl2 (single bond); O2 (double bond) ; N2 (triple bond)

Binary ionic compound: compound made from only two elements.

Polyatomic ions: A covalently bonded group of atoms that has a positive or
negative charge and act as a unit.