Theorists Thomas Hobbes Walter V Bingham

Name
Years of life 1588 - 1679 1880 - 1952
The year/s of 1608 - 1648 1908 - 1952
the theorys
development
Main points of One of the first modern Western thinkers. intelligence is comprised of an aptitude of math,
the theory Humans are fearful and predatory verbal, mechanical and social skills
Stimulation, or appetite, will cause movement toward Aptitude tests could be used to increase productivity
an object while aversion, or pain, will cause and identify careers that would best suit individuals.
movement away from and object.
How the theory His writing provided a secular explanation of the aptitude tests helped the Army identify duties and
is measured or political state, and denoted the departure in English responsibilities of a soldier and identifying officers
demonstrated philosophy from Scholasticism with its religious Testing was embraced by civilian community.
emphasis
Understanding Hobbes theorized all human actions are based on It is measured by the complexity of the problem, the
the theory material phenomena. (Hobbs) Knowledge is power, ability to accurately solve problems at that level and
the more you know, the more you control. the speed at which the questions can be answered

Benefits of and Critics argue that all morality cannot be reduced to Caution of putting blind-faith into results
holes in the self-interest, it weakens moral motivations and not all Aptitude tests are used to identify best fit careers
theory human nature is selfish. nave exuberance often resulted in
inappropriate use of these tests
Quotes from Such is the nature of men, that howsoever they may
the theorists acknowledge many others to be more witty, or more
eloquent, or more learned; yet they will hardly believe
there be many so wise as themselves The condition
of man is a condition of war of everyone against
everyone.
Knowledge is power.
All human actions are based on material
phenomena.
How culture Knowledge is power, the more you know the more
affects notions you control (Monarchy government)
of intelligence
The theory If students appetites are stimulated, they may be
applied to the more willing to engage, experience, research and
school setting. learn; regardless of the content.
Sources A. Plucker, J. A., & Esping, A. (Eds.). (2014).
Human intelligence: Historical influences, current
controversies, teaching resources. Retrieved
September 1, 2015, from
http://www.intelltheory.com.
"We shall use the term 'intelligence' to mean the
ability of an organism to solve new problems or, as
Warren puts it, 'to meet novel situations by
improvising novel adaptive responses.
"The most reasonable interpretation would seem to
be that a person's position on the scale of
intelligence is not unalterably fixed at birth. His
ability to think and act intelligently is a product of at
least three factors: native endowment, growth or
maturity, and opportunity for educative
experienceTo be sure, inherited capacities make a
greater contribution than environmental influences
in the ultimate outcome.
aptitude tests would help the war effort and
increase American military might
human engineering made possible by the
administration of aptitude tests would increase
the efficiency and effectiveness of military
training programs
It was his hope that more attention would be paid to
students of high ability has certainly been realized in
the greatly increased research and educational
activity in this area.
"Bingham, Walter." International Encyclopedia of
the Social Sciences. 1968. Encyclopedia.com. 3
Sep. 2015 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.
A. Plucker, J. A., & Esping, A. (Eds.). (2014). Human
intelligence: Historical influences, current
controversies, teaching resources. Retrieved
September 1, 2015, from
http://www.intelltheory.com.