DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN .................................. .. iii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ......................................................................... .. iv

HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ...................................................................... .. vi

KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................... .. viii

DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................... .. x

DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... .. xiii

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ .. xiv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... .. xvii

ABSRTAK ....................................................................................................... .. xix

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... .. 1

A. Latar Belakang ............................................................................... .. 1

B. Masalah Penelitian ......................................................................... .. 8

C. Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................... .. 9

D. Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................... .. 9

E. Hipotesis Penelitian........................................................................ .. 10

F. Definisi Operasional ...................................................................... .. 10

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..................................................................... .. 12

A. Karakteristik Kimia ........................................................................ .. 12

B. Perkembangan Berpikir Individu ................................................... .. 14

C. Ciri-Ciri Kemampuan Berpikir Formal .......................................... .. 16

D. Peran Kemampuan Berpikir Formal dalam Pembelajaran Kimia .. .. 18

E. Pemahaman Konsep dalam Pembelajaran Kimia .......................... .. 19

F. Pemahaman Konsep Melalui Gambaran Mikroskopis ................... .. 20

 G. Alasan Pemahaman Konsep Lebih Rendah dari Pemahaman

Algoritmik ...................................................................................... .. 24

H. Materi Reaksi Kimia ...................................................................... .. 26

I. Pentingnya Materi Reaksi Kimia ................................................... .. 28

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................. .. 31

A. Bentuk Penelitian ........................................................................... .. 31

B. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ..................................................... .. 32

C. Prosedur Penelitian ........................................................................ .. 33

D. Teknik dan Alat Pengumpulan Data .............................................. .. 35

E. Teknik Analisis Data ...................................................................... .. 45

F. Jadwal Pelaksanaan ........................................................................ .. 48

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ......................................................... .. 49

A. Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Kelas XI RSBI SMA Santu Petrus

Pontianak ........................................................................................ .. 49

B. Kemampuan Berpikir Formal Siswa Kelas XI RSBI SMA Santu Petrus

Pontianak ........................................................................................ .. 83

C. Hubungan Kemampuan Berpikir Formal dengan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Kelas

XI RSBI SMA Santu Petrus Pontianak .......................................... .. 85

BAB V PENUTUP ......................................................................................... .. 90

A. Kesimpulan .................................................................................... .. 90

B. Saran ............................................................................................... .. 90

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... . . 92

LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN .............................................................................. .. 97