Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Coming together is a beginning..

Keeping together is progress.
Working together is a success
--- Henry Ford

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 What is
Manufacturing?

How do we make these?

Definitions
Manufacturing
manufacturing

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Definition of "Manufacturing"

Big "M" Manufacturing

"Manufacturing" is a process for
converting ideas and market or
customer needs into artifacts
Includes design, procurement, test,
finance, human resources, marketing,
etc.
The "Artesan" of history performed
"Manufacturing"

Definition of "manufacturing"

Little m "manufacturing" (production)

manufacturing is the conversion of raw
materials into useful products
The "traditional" definition
What you observe on the shop floor
"Shop floor" is where work orders and
machine instructions are converted into
hardware

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 Little "m" manufacturing is all about
Creating shapes by various means and
assembling these shapes into a useful
product
The processes used to transform raw
material into finished products
A physical product always has a shape
Function
Aesthetics
These shapes are created by a wide
variety of processes

Historical Development of Integrated Manufacturing

Manual Manufacturing
Mechanization
Automation
Integrated Manufacturing

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5
 RAW MATERIAL
I
N
E F
N O
E MANUFACTURING R
R M
G A
Y T
I
PRODUCT O
N

The Manufacturing Process

Materials Science, Statics, Dynamics, Thermodynamics, Fluid
dynamics
Raw Material

Material
Products
Assembly

Transformation
Processes

Machines and Automation

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 Manufacturing
Societal pressures, Government regulations,
company plans and policies, etc
Customer
needs

Products
manufacturing
Raw
material

People, money, machines and automation

Manufacturing Process Overview

SFF
Powders Firing/
Pressing
Sintering
Injection
Molding
Blow
molding
Raw Material

Products

Sheet metal
Assembly

Stamping
Finishing

forming
Continuous
Casting/Rolling Rolling
Forging/
Press forming
Ingot
Machining

casting
Extruding
Molten Casting
Material Shapes
Single crystal
pulling

Special
Increasing level of detail

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 TOP-DOWN APPROACH FOR SHAPING

Design Process

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 Product

Engineering process specification

for product realization Design synthesis

(Design for X)

- Design establishes and defines solutions to

Design
problems not solved before, or new solutions to representation
problems already solved in different ways
- A good design is the essence of engineering, which Design analysis
requires analysis and synthesis.
- Sythesis involves the identification of design
elements that comprise the product, its Design evaluation
decomposition into parts, and the combination of
those parts in the form of a workable and functional
system. Manufacturing
- Analysis is decomposing the problem into parts so planning

that one can understand how a design performs

under service and apply the appropriate Manufacturing
engineering principles/criteria to the design. execution

Inspection

Some Problems
1. Manufacturing not emphasized
enough
2. Systems are not integrated.

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An Elementary Manufacturing System

Activities in a Production Cycle

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CAD/CAM Integration Computer Assistance to the Production Cycle

CAD/CAM
Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of
computer systems to assist in the creation,
modification, analysis, or optimization of a
design.

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use

of computer systems to plan, manage, and
control the operations of a manufacturing plant
through direct or indirect computer interface with
plants resources.

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 Need for CAD/CAM
To increase productivity of the designer

To improve quality of the design

To improve communications
To create a manufacturing database
To create and test toolpaths and optimize them
To help in production scheduling and MRP models
To have effective shop floor control

CAD/CAM Activities in a Production Cycle

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Boundaries Between Functions in Traditional Manufacturing

REDUNDANT DATA

Redundant Data Cause Manufacturing Problems

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Information Flow from Design to Production Shop

Common Database for a Manufacturing System

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Common Database for a Manufacturing System

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DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING
Designing products for the ease of manufacturing.
use std components (parts)
general guidlines
use work mtl. shape to design
Some approaches:
parameterized product model
gear,......

restrictive CAD system, force

designers to use certain design
features which are proven easy to
mfg.

mfg. evolution during the design

stage

CONCURRENT ENGINEERING
(SIMULTANEOUS ENGINEERING)
Design product and process
simultaneously.
"Do not focus on only one aspect of the
product realization process."

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Life Cycle
Considerations
in
Product Design

CIM WHEEL

Computer and Automated Systems

Association (CASA) of SME

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CIM

CIM is the integration of the total

manufacturing enterprise through the
use of integrated systems and data
communications coupled with new
managerial philosophies that improve
organizational and personnel efficiency.

Computer and Automated Systems

Association (CASA) of SME

Problems Associated with CIM

Technical Problems
Cultural Problems
Business Related Problems

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