BASIS FOR TRAINING

Basis for training

Scope of Training
Objectives of Training
Classification of Skills
Adaptation
Supercompensation Cycle and Adaptation
Sources of Energy
 Scope of Training
The main scope is to increase the athletes work
and skill capabilities and to develop strong
psychological traits
The athletes physical excellence should evolve
through an organized and well-planned training
program based on a high volume of practical
experience
Central to training effort for the athlete is an
achievable goal, planned according to individual
abilities, psychological traits, and social
environment
 Objectives of Training
1.Multilateral Physical Development a strong base and good overall
development (endurance, strength, speed, flexibility, coordination) improves
performance faster and better
2.Sport-specific Physical Development meet specific sports requirements
3.Technical Factors developing the capacity to perform all technical actions
correctly, rationally, economically, w/ highest possible velocity under both normal
and unusual circumstances (e.g. weather)
4.Tactical Factors setting and improving tactics and strategy
5.Psychological Aspects improving discipline, perseverance, willpower,
confidence, and courage
6.Team Capability team consolidation; enhancing the feeling of belonging;
uniting in an action; specification of each athletes role
7.Health Factors health is the fundamental factor of an athletes state; it is also
the main goal of recreational sports
8.Injury Prevention an injured athlete cannot perform optimally! Flexibility and
strength development, warm-up & cool-down principles, overtraining prevention
9.Theoretical Knowledge goal to increase athletes knowledge of the
physiological & psychological basis of training, planning, nutrition, and
regeneration
 Classification of Skills
The level and quality of movement skills are based on
biomotor abilities (i.e. largely genetic or inherited abilities)
They are:
Strength ability to apply force
Speed ability to travel or move quickly, including
elements:
1. reaction time,
2. frequency of movement per time unit,
3. speed of travel over a given distance
Endurance ability to perform work of a given intensity
and duration
Coordination is a complex biomotor ability of the
previous abilities to perfect movements, including specifics:
flexibility, agility, balance, accuracy
 Classification of Skills
Activities designed to develop skills and biomotor abilities are
called exercises
They are:
1. Cyclic motor act involves repetitive movements (running:
one cycle consists of landing, weightshift, push-off, swing);
activities/sports: walking, running, XC skiing, speed skating,
swimming, rowing, cycling, kayaking, and canoeing

2. Acyclic motor act consists of integral functions performed in

one action (shut putting: back slide, rotation, weightshift,
uploading, arm outreach); sports: shot putting, discus throw,
most gymnastics, team sports, wrestling, boxing, and fencing

3. Acyclic Combined consists of a cyclic movement followed by

an acyclic movement; sports: long & high jump, pole vault,
figure skating, gymnastics discipline (tumbling lines, vaulting),
and diving
 System of Sport
A good system should include:
The physical education & sport organization of a nation
School programs
Recreation and sport clubs
The organizational structure of sport governing bodies
The system of athletic training

To be based on:
Experience
Research findings
Social & cultural background
System of Sport
Training Quality
Training Adaptation
Supercompensation Cycle
Supercompensation Cycle
Sources of Energy
Sources of Energy
Sources of Energy
Sources of Energy
Sources of Energy
Sources of Energy
Summary
Summary