Advanced FRF Based Determination of Structural Inertia Properties Webex 2008 PDF

Advanced FRF based determination of
structural inertia properties

Overview
Why inertia properties are needed ?

How to determine inertia properties ?
LMS Test.Lab Rigid body properties calculation
How does it work ?
Mass line method & other method
Implementation
Application
Validation
Practical Aspect
Test case
Validation of the proposed technology:
Frame
Component model for Substructuring :
Exhaust
Component model for motion analysis for
Ride Comfort: Front wheel setup
Conclusion
2 copyright LMS International - 2008

Overview

How does it work ?
Implementation
Application
Validation
Practical Aspect
Test case
Frame
Exhaust
Conclusion

Verification of CoG & MoI values

Input for simulation models
Kinematic and dynamic prediction
(multibody dynamics calculation)
Coupling of an FE model with smaller
rigid components
Accurate Modal based modification or
Substructuring requires flexible modes +
rigid body modes

Overview

How does it work ?
Implementation
Application
Validation
Practical Aspect
Test case
Frame
Exhaust
Conclusion

Based on measured Frequency response Pendulum test

functions
Typical modal test with hammer or shaker
excitation
At least 6 excitation locations (SDOF)
8 12 response locations (3 DOF)
No extra equipment is need Time consuming

Limited measurement effort Requires multiple suspensions - difficult
Highly accurate alternative to for complex structures
conventional pendulum test

Overview

How does it work ?
Implementation
Application
Validation
Practical Aspect
Test case
Frame
Exhaust
Conclusion

Rigid Body Properties Calculation
How does it work ?
Weigh the test item to obtain mass [kg]

Suspend Test item (once) in free-free conditions
Create geometry wire-frame model in global or local coordinates
Measure FRF matrix with hammer or shaker(s)
LMS Test.Lab extracts mass line of measured FRF multiple analysis options available
unchanged FRF
subtract the effect of the first flexible mode if these occur at low frequencies
use lower residuals of first flexible mode(s) which represents the influence of the rigid body modes
LMS Test.Lab Calculates Rigid Body Inertia Properties

Least square solution over all measured DoF
Least squares over selected frequency band of mass-line
Validation through animation of rigid body motion
Results
Coordinates of centre of gravity
Moments and products of inertia about CoG and any user defined reference point
Principal moments of inertia and their direction
Synthesis of 6 scaled rigid body modes with user defined frequency and damping for use in simulation models

Mass line methods
Unchanged FRFs
Rigid body modes and first deformation modes
are sufficiently spaced
Measured FRFs are used
Corrected FRFs
Rigid body modes and first deformation modes
are not sufficiently spaced
Estimate first set of flexible modes from
measured FRFs
Correct measured FRFs by subtraction of
contribution of flexible modes
Lower Residual
No accurate FRFs are measured in the
frequency range directly above rigid body modes
Estimate first set of flexible modes from
measured FRFs with lower and upper residual
terms
Use lower residual terms of the frequency
band use for estimation of the first flexible mode
Rigid body properties calculation
Modal Model method
6 rigid body modes

Measure FRF: 6 rigid body modes are excited
Curve fit the FRF to determine the 6 rigid body
modes
Based on the orthogonality relationship
between the mass matrix and the rigid body
modes
\ T
mr \ 0 M0 0
Result Mass matrix related to the origin

m 0 0 0 m zcg m ycg
0 m 0 m zcg 0 m xcg
0 0 m m ycg m xcg 0
M0
0 m zcg m ycg J xx 0 J xy 0 J xz 0
m zcg 0 m xcg J yx 0 J yy 0 J yz 0
m ycg m xcg 0 J zx 0 J zy 0 J zz 0

Rigid body properties calculation
Mass Line Method vs Modal Model Method
6 rigid body modes
Mass line Method (Inertia restraint method) Modal Model Method

depends on the quality of measured FRF above depends on the quality of measured FRF at the
rigid body modes (> 10 Hz) low frequency (< 10 Hz)
Not limited by the high pass filter of the Limited by the high pass filter of the
acquisition system acquisition system
Not limited by the poor performance of Limited by the poor performance of the
the sensors at low frequency range sensors at low frequency range
Equal FRF quality

Mass Line Method gives more accurate result
Mass line method - Implementation
For each input:

Transformation of excitation force to 6 DOF force vector at reference point
incl. compensation for Euler angles
Transformation of response DOF translation acceleration to 6 DOF rigid body acceleration at
reference point
for each frequency line quality indication of mass-line
globally over the frequency band least squares error reduction
Inertial equations of motion split in 2 parts for stepwise solution

Coordinates of Centre of gravity (3 unknowns)
Moments of inertia (6 unknowns)
Identification of principal direction and moments

Application
Calculate Rigid body properties and

synthesis of rigid body modes
Available as Add-in in
Test.Lab Modal

Application Data Selection
Easy FRF selection and visualization
Calculate sum of FRFs
Select band with double cursor
3 mass line methods

Unchanged FRFs
Corrected FRFs
Lower residual
Validate FRFs selection with

Rigid body correlation
ODS animate at selected
frequency band
Animate Lower Residual
Coloring and text feedback on
validation
Solid data validation before analysis

Application - Calculate
Extract rigid body properties
Coordinates of CoG
Moments and products of inertia
about a reference
Principal moments of inertia and
their direction
User defined frequency and

damping for rigid body modes
Synthesized rigid body modes

3 translational
3 rotational
Animate rigid body modes

immediately
Automatically add CoG with
principal axes orientation on
geometry
Rigid body properties and rigid body modes in 1 click

Application - Results

Validation
Structure representative for engine (248 kg)

Easy to calculate analytically, but not too simplified
With low frequency flexible modes

Validation
Measured with impact hammer

8 excitation points
10 response points measured in 3 directions

Validation
Comparison 3 test methods with FE results:
Excellent prediction
Lower residual method gives best results

Overview

How does it work ?
Implementation
Application
Validation
Practical Aspect
Test case
Frame
Exhaust
Conclusion

Practical Aspects
Support structure using free-free boundary condition

Soft suspension
Requires accurate measurement of coordinates for geometry model
Requires accurate transducer calibration
Perform modal FRF testing using single reference excitation, preferably hammer
High measurement accuracy in the lower frequency range
Include first deformation modes in measurement frequency range
Typically 6 different hammer excitation degrees of freedom at least in X, Y and Z
Typically 8 to 12 response points in 3 directions
Validate data consistency (calibration, directions,) by animation
Use a suitable mass line method by comparison
Straight forward calculation of Rigid Body Properties Calculation
Synthesize rigid body modes with user defined (about-zero) frequency and
damping for further use in modeling & simulation


Overview

How does it work ?
Implementation
Application
Validation
Practical Aspect
Test case
Frame
Component model for Substructuring:
Exhaust
Conclusion

Test Case - Frame
Frame structure
Finite element model

2272 elements
2347 nodes
Test data 408 FRFs
34 response DOFs
12 excitation DOFs

Test Case - Frame
Rigid body modes and the first

flexible mode are sufficiently
spaced
Comparison of the 3 mass line
Finite Element methods with the FE results
12 references
34 responses
Excellent prediction for all
the methods

Test Case - Frame
Use the inertia properties to synthesize 6 rigid body modes

Test Case - Frame
Influence on number of responses and references

Database with a clear mass line Unchanged FRF method
Number of reference rigid body calculation accuracy

Number of response rigid body calculation accuracy
Rigid body correlation rigid body calculation accuracy

Substructuring - Exhaust
Exhaust coupled to Car body
bad quality mass line due to not soft

enough suspension of the setup
Lower Residue method

Substructuring - Exhaust

Multi body dynamic simulation - Front wheel set up
Motion analysis for ride comfort : Front wheel set up

Multi body dynamic simulation - Front wheel set up
Front wheel set up

Rigid body Properties calculation
Test-based modal model - Trimmed car body
Test-based modal model of a trimmed car body

rigid body modes and flexible modes
Difficult to get rigid body modes with measurement
Use FRF based mass line method
Lower Residual method
Compare with the FE model
Combine rigid body modes and flexible modes

Rigid body Properties calculation
Test-based modal model - Trimmed car body
Compare FRF
Measured FRF (red)
Synthesized FRF with measured Rigid body
mode (green)
Synthesized FRF with synthesized Rigid body
mode (blue)
no need to compare at peak of rigid body

modes because it depends on the way of
suspending the body
Good result from ~10 to 80 Hz
Rigid body effect is added to the modal
model

Overview

How does it work ?
Implementation
Application
Validation
Practical Aspect
Test case
Frame
Exhaust
Conclusion

Conclusion
Based on classical FRF

measurement
Limited measurement effort
Fast and accurate analysis, using

least squares solution
Compensate the effect of the first

flexible mode
Fast and easy data validation
6 rigid body modes for modal-based

substructuring
For a wide range of applications

Invitation
More information on
www.lmsintl.com
See LMS website for other webseminars

www.lmsintl.com
Contact your local office for more information
Please fill out the poll (finish with submit)

Thank you
Test Case - Frame

Test case - Exhaust

Advanced FRF Based Determination of Structural Inertia Properties Webex 2008 PDF

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Advanced FRF based determination of

structural inertia properties

Why inertia properties are needed ?

2 copyright LMS International - 2008

Why inertia properties are needed ?

3 copyright LMS International - 2008

Verification of CoG & MoI values

4 copyright LMS International - 2008

Why inertia properties are needed ?

5 copyright LMS International - 2008

Based on measured Frequency response Pendulum test

No extra equipment is need Time consuming

6 copyright LMS International - 2008

Why inertia properties are needed ?

7 copyright LMS International - 2008

Weigh the test item to obtain mass [kg]

LMS Test.Lab Calculates Rigid Body Inertia Properties

8 copyright LMS International - 2008

6 rigid body modes

Result Mass matrix related to the origin

10 copyright LMS International - 2008

Mass line Method (Inertia restraint method) Modal Model Method

Equal FRF quality

For each input:

Inertial equations of motion split in 2 parts for stepwise solution

Identification of principal direction and moments

12 copyright LMS International - 2008

Calculate Rigid body properties and

13 copyright LMS International - 2008

Easy FRF selection and visualization

Calculate sum of FRFs

Select band with double cursor

3 mass line methods

Validate FRFs selection with

Solid data validation before analysis

User defined frequency and

Synthesized rigid body modes

Animate rigid body modes

Rigid body properties and rigid body modes in 1 click

16 copyright LMS International - 2008

Structure representative for engine (248 kg)

17 copyright LMS International - 2008

Measured with impact hammer

18 copyright LMS International - 2008

Comparison 3 test methods with FE results:

19 copyright LMS International - 2008

Why inertia properties are needed ?

20 copyright LMS International - 2008

Support structure using free-free boundary condition

21 copyright LMS International - 2008

22 copyright LMS International - 2008

Why inertia properties are needed ?

23 copyright LMS International - 2008

24 copyright LMS International - 2008

Rigid body modes and the first

25 copyright LMS International - 2008

Use the inertia properties to synthesize 6 rigid body modes

26 copyright LMS International - 2008

Influence on number of responses and references

Number of reference rigid body calculation accuracy

27 copyright LMS International - 2008

Exhaust coupled to Car body

bad quality mass line due to not soft