RANPAR 1

RN 3163-30A

Nokia Siemens Networks

Soc Classification level

1 Nokia Siemens Networks RN3163-30A / AA / 04/2011
 Course Objectives

Explain how NSN RRM is working, what

is measured, when & where
Describe the purpose of each RRM
functional entities
Identify the relations between different
RRM functional entities
Describe the parameter database
structure
Describe the main RRM parameters

Soc Classification level

2 Nokia Siemens Networks RN3163-30A / AA / 04/2011
Course Content

Radio Resource Management Overview

Parameter Configuration
Common Channels & Power Control
Load Control
Admission Control
Packet Scheduling
Handover Control
Resource Manager
HSDPA basics & RRM
HSUPA basics & RRM
HSPA+ features (Overview)

3 Nokia Siemens Networks RN3163-30A / AA / 04_2011

Module Objectives

At the end of the module you will be able to:

Describe the purpose of RRM
List the RRM functional entities
Describe the purpose of each RRM functional entity

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Radio Resource Management
Radio Resource Management (RRM) is responsible for optimal
utilisation of the air interface resources

Target for RRM is to ensure the RAN offers:

The planned coverage for each targeted service
High capacity i.e. low blocking (new calls, handovers)
The required Quality of Service (QoS)
Optimize the use of available capacity (priorities)

By continuously monitoring/adjusting how the available resources are used in

accordance with user requests

Link Quality

Cell Capacity RRM Cell Coverage

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RRM Tasks

RRM must be able to:

Predict the impact on interference (power) of Overload
Overload Margin
the admitting a new user for UL & DL Load Target
Perform appropriate actions (e.g. new call

Power
admissions, bitrate increase/decrease etc.) in
accordance with prevailing load conditions
Provide different quality of service for real
time (RT) and non-real time (NRT) users Time
Take appropriate corrective action when the Estimated capacity for
different cell load thresholds are exceeded in NRT traffic
order to maintain cell stability (i.e. load Measured load caused
control) by non-controllable load
(RT)

RT services must have higher quality assurance than NRT

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RRM Functional Split
RRM is made up of a number of closely interdependent functions (i.e.
algorithms)
These functions can be divided into;

Cell Based LC
Load Control (LC) PS
Admission Control (AC)
RM
AC
Packet Scheduling (PS)
Resource Manager (RM) Cell based functions

PC
Connection Based
Handover Control (HC) HC
Power Control (PC)
Connection based functions

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Power Control PC

WCDMA systems are interference limited; therefore, it is beneficial to reduce

transmission power as far as possible (without violate the required quality).
Thus, the target of PC is to achieve the min. SIR that is required to offer
sufficient quality of the connection.
PC works on a per-connection basis.

MS BTS RNC

Power Control
Power Control
Handover Control
Admission Control
Power Control Load Control
Load Control Packet Scheduler

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Load Control functions

The load control function within RRM can be divided:

Preventative load control (e.g. congestion)
Overload control (e.g. dropping of calls in worst case)
Preventative actions are performed before the cell is overloaded (threshold y)
Overload actions are performed after cell is overloaded (threshold x)
RNP parameters define the thresholds for the RRM functionalities
The thresholds define a stable functionality within a cell & with surrounding cells

Overload Overload Control

threshold x Preventative Load Control
Load Target
threshold y Estimated capacity for
NRT traffic.
Power

Measured load caused by

non-controllable load (RT)

Time
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Load Control LC
Load change info

AC
Load status

NRT load
PS
LC
LC performs the function of load control in association with Admission Control AC &
Packet Scheduling PS
Updates load status using measurements & estimations provided by AC & PS
Continuously feeds cell load information to PS & AC:
Interference levels
Load differentiation:
BTS power levels Total load =
Non-controllable load Controllable load +
Semi-controllable load +
Non-controllable load
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Admission Control AC
Grant
Checks that admitting a new user will not sacrifice planned
coverage or quality of existing connections
Determines whether RABs or RRC connections can be Admission
admitted Decision
Handles RT RABs by estimating the increase in non-controllable load
In the decision UL interference & DL power measurements by BTS
are used
Since RAS06 the UL throughput is considered for AC, too Reject
UL & DL admission conditions must both be fulfilled to admit a new
call or modified existing call
Provides RLC parameters to PS for NRT users, e.g.
Bearer class
Transport Formats
AC sets quality and power parameters for the radio link, e.g.:
UL/DL BLER, Eb/No targets, SIR target
Initial DL transmission power
AC takes place in the RNC

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Packet Scheduler PS

Packet Scheduler in RNC schedules

radio resources for both UL & DL R99 power
Overload threshold
NRT RABs
Target threshold
Scheduling period defined by RNP
parameters
PS relies on up-to-date information from
AC & LC Total Load

Capacity allocated on a needs basis controllable load

using best effort approach non-controllable load
time

PS allocation times need to be fast to accommodate changing conditions &

accurate (up-to-date load info)
Capacity requests sent via traffic volume measurement reports (governed by
RNP parameters)
PS comprises two parts: UE specific & Cell specific
HSDPA & HSUPA resources are scheduled by the Node B

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Handover Control HC
HC is responsible for:
Managing the mobility aspects of an RRC connection as UE move around network
Maintaining connection quality by ensuring UE is always served by best cell
saving capacity

Intra-Frequency Handovers WCDMA F1 WCDMA F1 WCDMA F1

Softer/Soft Handover
UE simultaneously connected to multiple
cells from same/different Node Bs
Mobile Evaluated Handover MEHO
Hard Handover
when Inter-RNC SHO is not possible
(Iur not supported or Iur congestion) WCDMA F2 WCDMA F2
in case of HSDPA WCDMA F1

Inter-Frequency Handover
can be Intra-BS, Intra-RNC or Inter-RNC
Network Evaluated Handover NEHO
GSM GSM
Inter-RAT Handover
Handovers between WCDMA and GSM, LTE or WLAN WCDMA
Network Evaluated Handover NEHO
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Resource Manager RM

Responsible for managing the logical radio resources of the RNC in co-operation with
AC and PS
On request for resources, from either AC(RT) or PS(NRT), RM allocates:
DL Channelisation Code
UL Scrambling Code

Code Type Uplink Downlink

Scrambling codes User separation Cell separation

Channelisation codes Data & control channels from same UE Users within one cell

cares about code tree management (to maintain orthogonality);

Initial code selection codes concentrated to same branch
Code de-fragmentation dynamic reallocation of codes as users enter/leave system
DL spreading code allocation for HSDPA users can be dynamic from RAS06 on

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HSDPA - general principle 16

Instantaneous EsNo [dB]

14
12
10
8
Channel quality 6
4
(CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC) 2
0
-2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Time [number of TTIs]
16QAM3/4
16QAM2/4
Data
QPSK3/4
QPSK2/4

UE1 QPSK1/4

Data New WBTS functions:

Channel quality Fast HARQ retransmissions
(CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC) Fast Adaptive Modulation & Coding
Fast Packet data scheduling (short TTI)
UE2
Users may be time and/or code multiplexed

Fast scheduling is done directly in Node-B based on feedback information from UE

and knowledge of current traffic state.
Hard Handover only
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 HSUPA / Comparing HSUPA to R99 and HSDPA

HSUPA is 3GPP Rel6 Enhanced FDD Uplink

main characteristics: E-DCH
Fast WBTS Packet Scheduling
Fast L1 HARQ algorithms
Fast Link Adaptation Rel99 Rel5 Rel6
2ms or 10ms TTI periods Feature DCH HSDPA HSUPA
Soft Handover Var. spreading factor Y N Y
SF down to SF = 2
Fast power control Y N Y
Peak Rates up to 5.76 Mbps
Adaptive modulation N Y N

WBTS based scheduling N Y Y

Fast L1 HARQ N Y Y

Soft Handover Y N Y

TTI length [ms] 80,40,20,10 2 10,2

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 HSPA+ Improvements
Improving the DL peak rates, cell throughput & spectrum efficiency:
64QAM: Enhanced HSDPA Modulation
MIMO: Intelligent Multi-Antenna Systems
DC-HSDPA: Dual-Carrier/Cell Transmission RU20
Improving the cell throughput & spectrum efficiency:
DL Flexible RLC
Continuous Packet Connectivity DL Peak Rates up to: 21/28/42 Mbps
UL Peak Rates up to: 5.8 Mbps
CS Voice over HSPA

DL Peak Rates up to: 84 Mbps

UL Peak Rates up to: 5.8 Mbps

HSDPA Improvements: HSUPA Improvements:

DC-HSDPA + 64QAM + MIMO Frequency Domain Equalizer
General Improvements: HSUPA Interference Cancellation
Fast Dormancy Receiver
Multi-Band Load Balancing MBLB RU30

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