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Microprocessor
Systems
What we are going to learn in this
session:
What is a microprocessor system.
History of microprocessors.
Components inside the microprocessor system:
Component description.
Function.
Arrangement.
Introduction
P is a complex, powerful device:
Able to process huge amounts of data.
Built using transistors on silicon die.
Needs external components to support operation.
Supporting
CD-ROM CPU Circuitry
Memory
Keypad
Computer Interface
Computer Interface
A P-based system consists of many
components:
CPU.
Memory.
I/O:disk drives, keyboard, mouse.
System Bus.
Supporting circuitry.
Interrupt
Parallel I/O Serial I/O
Circuit
System Bus
EEPROM Programmer
EPROM
Quartz Window
NVM
Non-Volatile Memory
Contents can be read and written.
Contents stay without power (non-volatile).
Advantages:
Keeps memory even with no power.
Data is protected against blackouts.
Rewriteable.
Disadvantages:
Slower than RAM.
RAM
Random Access Memory.
Contents can be read and written.
Loses data without electrical power (volatile).
Advantages:
Programs can be loaded and reloaded.
Larger capacity.
Disadvantages:
Requires power, refresh cycles.
RAM vs. ROM
CPU loads
instructions
from ROM.
RAM vs. ROM
Equivalent Circuit
Sample
Clock Signal
T T T
Clock Signal vs. Processing Speed
Disadvantages:
Crosstalk.
Parallel Port
Parallel vs. Serial I/O
1011011010101010011010101010100011101100101 Receive
1011011010101010011010101010100011101100101 Transmit
Serial Port
1011011010101010011010101010100011101100101 Receive/Transmit
1011011010101010011010101010100011101100101 Receive/Transmit
1011011010101010011010101010100011101100101 Receive/Transmit
.
.
Parallel Port
UART
1
From Device 1001 0 To System Bus
UART
0
1
1
To Device 1001 0 From System Bus
UART
0
1
Interrupt
Interrupt Circuit Circuit
Watchdog monitor:
Special circuit - monitors the system for errors.
Informs the CPU.
CPU takes appropriate actions reset system, halt processor.
May work in two ways:
Constantly monitor the system, and sends signal if error
detected.
Continuously sending signal to CPU after certain interval:
If CPU receives signal, continues processing.
If CPU doesnt receive signal, somethings wrong.
How Watchdogs Work
CPU Watchdog
5. CPU reloads saved task, 5. If error is too serious, CPU may reset/halt system.
and resumes normally.
Circuit diagram of a simplified
version of Top Loading washing
machine
Circuit diagram of a simplified
version of Top Loading washing
machine
Circuit diagram of a simplified
version of Top Loading washing
machine