International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)

ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-4, April 2014

Simulation and Analysis of Constant V/F Induction

Motor Drive
Jay R. Patel, S.R. Vyas .
and frequency supply to AC drives is invariably obtained
Abstract- Induction motors are used extensively in industries from a three-phase voltage source inverter A number of Pulse
for obtaining motive power, as it has many practical advantages width modulation (PWM) schemes are used to obtain variable
over other types of electrical motors. Low maintenance cost, self voltage and frequency supply. The most widely used PWM
starting, simple and rugged construction, multiple methods for
schemes for three-phase voltage source inverters are
obtaining smooth torque-speed control as per the requirement
and suitability of the industrial application, are a few
carrier-based sinusoidal PWM . Three phase induction motors
advantages of an induction motor. Induction motor are most widely used motors for any industrial control and
characteristics are well suited for Adjustable or Variable Speed automation. It is often required to control the output voltage
Drive, which is, nowadays, preferred over Constant Speed Drive of inverter for the constant voltage/frequency (V/F) control of
In this paper, Variable Voltage-Variable Frequency (V/f) base an induction motor. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) based
torque-speed control of three phase induction motor fed by a firing of inverter provides the best constant V/F control of an
PWM Voltage Source Inverter will be simulated using PSim induction motor. Amongst the various PWM techniques, the
Software. The PWM method, which involves the modulation of sinusoidal PWM is good enough and most popular that
conventional sinusoidal reference signal and a triangular carrier
provides smooth changeover of V/F, four quadrant operation,
to produce pulse width modulated output signals, which are
applied to Power Electronic Switches of a 2-Level Voltage
harmonic elimination, etc in both closed and open loop
Source Inverter, driving a Three Phase Induction Motor, shall applications. Three phase induction motors are reliable,
be used. The performance analysis of three phase induction robust, and highly durable and of course need less
motor fed by PWM voltage source inverter in terms of phase maintenance. They are often known as workhouse of motion
current of inverter, rotor and stator current, speed, and industries. When power is supplied to an induction motor with
electromagnetic torque developed of inverter is simulated. specified frequency and voltage, it runs at its rated speed.
Many advanced semiconductor devices are available today in
Index Terms Constant V/f control, Induction motor, power electronics market like BJT, MOSFET, IGBT, etc.
SPWM scheme, Voltage Source Inverter.
II. 3-PHASE 2-LEVEL VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER
I. INTRODUCTION
The primary function of a voltage source inverter (VSI) is to
Three phase induction motors are the most widely used
convert a fixed dc voltage to a three-phase ac voltage with
motors for industrial control and automation. Hence they are
variable magnitude and frequency. A simplified circuit
often called the workhorse of the motion industries. They are
diagram for a two-level voltage source inverter for
robust, reliable, less maintenance and of high durability.
high-power medium- voltage applications is shown in Fig.1.
When power is supplied to an induction motor with
The inverter is composed of six group of active switches, S1 ~
recommended specified voltage and frequency, it runs at its
S6, with a free-wheeling diode in parallel with each switch.
rated speed. However many applications need variable speed
Depending on the dc operating voltage of the inverter, each
variations to improve the quality of the product. The
switch group consists of two or more IGBT or GCT switching
development of power electronic devices and control systems
devices connected in series.
has to mature to allow these components to be used for speed
control of AC and DC motors control in place of conventional
methods. This type of control not only controls the speed of
AC and DC motors, but can improve the motors dynamic and
steady state characteristics. Pulse Width Modulation variable
speed drives are increasingly applied in many new industrial
applications that require superior performance. Recently,
developments in power electronics and semiconductor
technology have lead improvements in power electronic
systems. Three phase voltage-fed PWM inverters are recently
showing growing popularity for multi-megawatt industrial
drive applications. The main reasons for this popularity are
easy sharing of large voltage between the series devices and
the improvement of the harmonic quality Variable voltage
Figure 1: 3-phase 2-level Voltage source Inverter

Manuscript received April 20, 2014.

Jay R. Patel, Electrical Engineering Department, Ldrp-ITR, KSV
University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat,India, +919979517833
S.R.Vyas, Electrical Engineering Department, Ldrp-ITR, KSV
University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat,India,

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 Simulation and Analysis of Constant V/F Induction Motor Drive

III. SIN PWM TECHNIQUE
The principle of the sinusoidal PWM scheme for the
two-level inverter is illustrated in Fig. 2, where vmA, vmB,
and vmC are the three-phase sinusoidal modulating waves and
vcr is the triangular carrier wave. The fundamental-frequency
component in the inverter output voltage can be controlled by
amplitude modulation index is
ma=
The synchronous speed and, therefore, the speed of
motor can be controlled by varying the supply frequency. The
emf induced in the stator of an induction motor is given by
E=
Therefore, if the supply frequency is change, E1 will also
change to maintain the same air gap flux. If the stator voltage
drop is neglected the terminal voltage V1 is equal to E1 . in
order to avoid saturation and to minimize losses, motor is
operated at rated air gap flux by varying terminal voltage with
frequency so as to maintain (v/f) ratio constant at rated value.
TABLE-1

Induction Motor
Rating
Voltage 480 volts
Pole 6 pole
Frequency 60 Hz
Speed 1100 Rpm
Rs 0.0461
Ls 0.001345 H
Figure 2: Sinusoidal pulse-width modulation
Rr 0.258
where Vm and Vcr are the peak values of the modulating and
carrier waves, respectively. The amplitude modulation index Lr 0.00082 H
ma is usually adjusted by varying Vm while keeping Vcr
fixed. The frequency modulation index is defined by Lm 0.08154 H
M.I 0.5
mf =

where fm and fcr are the frequencies of the modulating and
carrier waves, respectively. The operation of switches S1 to
S6 is determined by comparing the modulating waves with the
carrier wave. When vmA _ vcr, the upper switch S1 in inverter
leg A is turned on. The lower switch S4 operates in a
complementary manner and thus is switched off. The resultant
inverter terminal voltage vAN, which is the voltage at the
phase A terminal with respect to the negative dc bus N, is
equal to the dc voltage Vd. When vmA < vcr, S4 is on and S1 is
off, leading to vAN = 0 as shown in Fig.2 Since the waveform
of vAN has only two levels, Vd and 0, the inverter is known as
a two-level inverter. It should be noted that to avoid possible
short circuit during switching transients of the upper and
lower devices in an inverter leg, a blanking time should be
implemented, during which both switches are turned off. The
inverter line-to-line voltage vAB can be determined by vAB =
vAN vBN. The waveform of its fundamental-frequency
component vAB1 is also given in the figure. The magnitude
and frequency of vAB1 can be independently controlled by ma
and fm, respectively.
IV. CONSTANT V/F CONTROL OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR
The synchronous speed of an induction motor is given by
V. SIMULATION OF CONSTANT V/F INDUCTION MOTOR
Here constant v/f induction motor closed loop simulation is
done using Psim software.For this simulation the speed of an
Induction Motor is compared with reference speed the error is
given to the PI controller and limiter and the slip is added to
frequency and this frequency signal is multiplied by v/f and
converted into voltage.This voltage is given to DQO-ABC
block and thehree phase sin wave is compared by triangular
wave. The frequency signal is also converted into theta angle
and theta is given to DQO-ABC block. The SPWM signal is
used to operate the inverter leg.Here IGBT switch is used.For
PI controller tunning Ziegler-Nichols Method is used.
VI. ZIEGLER-NICHOLS TUNNING STEPS
1. Reduce the integrator and derivative gains to 0.
2. Increase Kp from 0 to some critical value Kp=Kc at which
sustained oscillations occur
3. Note the value Kc and the corresponding period of
sustained oscillation, Tc
4. The controller gains are now specified as follows:

Ns =

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 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-4, April 2014

VII. SIMULATION RESULTS

In this section the simulation results for constant v/f Induction

motor are demonstrated by PSIM6.0 software module.
Figure 4: Speed, line voltage and torque profile for Speed
reference change (low to high)

Figure 2: Volt/Hertz Closed Loop Speed Control of

Induction Motor Simulation Circuit
Figure 5: Speed, Line current and torque profile for Speed
reference change (low to high).

Figure 3: Speed, line current and Voltage profile for Speed Figure 6: Speed, Line current and Line voltage profile for
reference change (low to high). Speed reference change (high to low).

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 Simulation and Analysis of Constant V/F Induction Motor Drive

REFERENCES
[1] Bin Wu, High-Power converters and AC drives ISBN:
9780471731719, DOI:10.1002/0471773719 Copyright 2006 the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
[2] ECET-462, Application of computers in process control, purdue
university,calumet.[Labouratery-8].Tunning of PID controller using
Zigler-Nicholas method.
[3] B. K Bose, Adjustable Speed AC Drives- A Technology,
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, VOL. 70, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 1982.
[4]P.C.Sen.PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND POWER
ELECTRONICS,SECOND EDITION.
[5] R.KRISNAN ,ELECTRIC MOTOR DRIVE MODELING ANALYSIS
AND CONTROL.

J. R.Patel is a research scholar pursuing M.E in

Electrical Power System from L.D.R.P. Institute of Technology and
Research Gandhinagar (Gujarat)India.
Figure 7: Speed, Line voltage and torque profile for Speed
reference change (high to low).

VIII. CONCLUSION
Simulation results illustrate the performance and
effectiveness of constant V/F Induction Motor drive. The S.R vyas presently working as assistant professor in
actual speed follows the reference speed and change in the Electrical Engineering at L.D.R.P. Institute of Technology and research
Gandhinagar (Gujarat)India.
speed from high to low and low to high makes change in the
voltage and current profile accordingly .

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