Bo ph

nh ngha

Bo ph l tnh trng tng trng lng c th mn tnh do tng khi lng m qu mc v bt thng, lin quan n dinh dng v chuyn ha.

Cc bc s thng s dng mt cng thc da trn chiu cao v cn nng, c gi l ch s khi c th (BMI), xc nh bo ph. Ngi ln c BMI t 30 tr ln c

coi l bo ph. Bo ph nghim trng, cn c gi l bo ph nng hoc bo ph bnh hon, xy ra khi c ch s BMI t 40 tr ln. Vi chng bo ph bnh hon, c bit

c th c vn sc khe nghim trng.

BMI Trng thi trng lng

Di 18,5 Thiu cn

18,5-24,9 Bnh thng

25,0-29,9 Tha cn

30,0 v cao hn Bo ph

I. CC TRIU CHNG CA BNH BO PH:

Cc triu chng lin quan vi bo ph c th bao gm:

Kh ng.

Ngy.

Ng ngng th.

au lng hoc khp xng.

Ra m hi qu nhiu.

Lun lun cm thy nng.

Pht ban hoc nhim trng trong cc np da.

Cm thy ht hi th vi n lc nh.

Bun ng hoc mt mi ban ngy.

Trm cm.

n gp bc s khi

Nu c triu chng lin quan vi bo ph chng hn nh nhng triu chng trn, gp bc s hoc nh cung cp chm sc sc khe, v bc s c th tho lun v gim

cn ty chn. Ngay c gim cn va phi c th ci thin hoc ngn chn cc vn lin quan n bo ph. Gim cn thng c th thng qua nhng thay i ch n

ung, tng hot ng th cht v thay i hnh vi. Trong mt s trng hp, thuc theo toa hoc phu thut gim cn c th c la chn.

II. NGUYN NHN GY BO PH:

Mc d c nhng nh hng di truyn v ni tit t v trng lng c th, cui cng l bnh bo ph xy ra khi nhiu calo hn khng t chy thng qua tp th dc v cc

hot ng hng ngy bnh thng. Cc m c th vi nhng calo tha cht bo. Bo ph thng kt qu t s kt hp gia nguyn nhn v yu t gp phn, bao gm:
Khng hot ng

Nu khng rt tch cc, khng t chy nhiu calo. Tht khng may, hu ht ngi ln hin nay dnh phn ln thi gian ngi trong ngy, d nh, ti ni lm vic hoc

trong qu trnh hot ng gii tr. Vi mt li sng t vn ng, c th khng d dng thc hin t chy nhiu calo mi ngy thng qua tp th dc hoc hot ng hng

ngy bnh thng. Xem truyn hnh qu nhiu l mt trong nhng ng gp ln nht cho mt li sng t vn ng v tng cn.

Ch n ung khng lnh mnh v thi quen n ung

Ch n ung nhiu calories, n thc n nhanh, b qua ba n sng, n hu ht lng calo vo ban m, tiu th nhiu calo v n phn qu nhiu, tt c ng gp cho

tng cn.

Mang thai

Trong thi gian mang thai ca ngi ph n, trng lng nht thit phi tng ln. Mt s ph n cm thy trng lng ny kh c th b mt sau khi em b c sinh ra.

iu ny - t c trng lng c th gp phn vo s pht trin ca bnh bo ph ph n.

Thiu ng

t hn by gi ng mt m c th gy ra nhng thay i v kch thch t lm tng s thm n. C th cng thm thc n c nhiu calo v carbohydrates, c th gp phn

tng cn.

Mt s thuc

Mt s thuc c th dn n tng cn nu khng cn bng thng qua ch n ung hoc hot ng. Nhng thuc ny bao gm mt s thuc chng trm cm, thuc

chng ng kinh, thuc tiu ng, thuc chng lon thn, steroids v thuc chn beta.

Vn y t

Bnh bo ph i khi c th c truy ngun t mt nguyn nhn y t, nh hi chng Prader - Willi, hi chng Cushing, hi chng bung trng a nang, v cc bnh v

iu kin khc. Mt s vn y t, chng hn nh vim khp, c th dn n cc hot ng gim, m c th dn n tng cn. S trao i cht thp khng gy bo ph,

nh chc nng tuyn gip thp.

III. YU T NGUY C CA BNH BO PH:

Yu t c th lm tng nguy c bo ph bao gm:

Di truyn hc

Gen c th nh hng n lu tr lng m c th v hp cht bo c phn phi. Di truyn cng c th ng mt vai tr trong c th c hiu qu chuyn i thc n

thnh nng lng nh th no v lm th no c th t chy calo trong khi tp luyn.

Lch s gia nh

Bo ph c xu hng trong gia nh. iu khng ch v di truyn hc. Thnh vin gia nh c xu hng tng t nh n ung, li sng v thi quen hot ng. Nu mt

hoc c hai cha m b bo ph, nguy c bo ph ang tng ln.

Tui

Bo ph c th xy ra mi la tui, thm ch tr nh. Nhng khi c tui, thay i ni tit v mt li sng t hot ng lm tng nguy c bo ph. Ngoi ra, s lng c

bp trong c th c xu hng gim theo tui tc. Khi lng c thp hn s lm gim s trao i cht. Nhng thay i ny cng lm gim nhu cu calo v c th lm cho

kh hn trnh trng lng d tha. Nu khng gim lng calo nh c tui, s c th tng cn.

B ht thuc

B ht thuc l thng gn lin vi tng cn. V i vi mt s ngi, n c th dn n tng cn nhiu nh mt vi cn mt tun trong vi thng, m i khi c th dn

n bo ph.

Cc vn kinh t v x hi
X hi v kinh t nht nh c th c lin kt n bo ph. Khng th vo khu vc tp th dc, c th khng c dy cch nu n lnh mnh, hoc c th khng c

phng tin ti chnh mua tri cy ti v rau qu, thc phm khng c ch bin v ng gi. Ngoi ra, mt s nghin cu cho thy mng li x hi nh hng n

cn nng, c nhiu kh nng tr nn bo ph nu c bn b hoc ngi thn b bo ph.

Thm ch nu c mt hoc nhiu cc yu t nguy c, n khng c ngha l ang tr thnh bo ph. C th chng li hu ht cc yu t nguy c thng qua ch n ung,

hot ng th cht, tp th dc v thay i hnh vi.

IV. CC BIN CHNG CA BO PH:

Nu ang bo ph, c nhiu kh nng pht trin mt s vn sc khe nghim trng, bao gm:

Bt thng lipid (cht bo) mu.

Ung th, bao gm ung th t cung, c t cung, bung trng, v, trc trng, rut kt v tuyn tin lit.

Trm cm.

Bnh ti mt.

Vn ph khoa, chng hn nh v sinh v chu k kinh khng thng xuyn.

Bnh tim.

Cao huyt p.

Hi chng chuyn ha.

Bnh gan nhim m khng do ru.

Vim xng khp.

Vn v da, nh hm v cha lnh vt thng chm.

Ng ngng th.

t qu.

Tiu ng tup 2.

Cht lng cuc sng

Khi b bo ph, cht lng cuc sng tng th c th thp hn. Khng th cm nhn c xung quanh nh mun hoc thc hin cc hot ng bnh thng hng ngy.

C th gp kh khn khi tham gia hot ng gia nh. C th trnh nhng ni cng cng. Thm ch c th gp phi phn bit i x.

Cc vn khc c th nh hng n cht lng sng bao gm:

Trm cm.

Khuyt tt.

Kh chu.

Vn tnh dc.

Xu h.

C lp x hi.

V. PHNG V IU TR BO PH:
Cc phng php iu tr c th

C nhiu cch iu tr bnh bo ph v t c mt trng lng khe mnh. Cc phng php iu tr ph hp ph thuc vo mc ca bnh bo ph, sc khe tng

th, v s sn sng tham gia vo k hoch gim cn. Hy ngh v k hoch iu tr nh l mt cch thc hin thay i m c th gn b, gi cho trng lng

gim.

Phng php iu tr bao gm:

Ch n ung thay i.

Tp th dc v hot ng.

Thay i hnh vi.

Toa thuc gim cn.

Phu thut gim cn.

t c mt trng lng khe mnh thng c thc hin bng cch lm thay i trong li sng - thay i ch n ung, tng hot ng v thay i hnh vi. Toa

thuc hoc phu thut gim cn thng c s dng ngoi vic thay i li sng trong nhiu trng hp nghim trng.

Ch n ung thay i

Gim lng calo hng ngy v n ung lnh mnh l quan trng khc phc bnh bo ph. Chm v gim cn n nh 1 hoc 2 pounds (1 / 2 n 1 kg) mi tun c coi

l cch an ton nht gim cn v cch tt nht gi cho n i vnh vin. Trnh thay i ch n ung quyt lit v khng thc t, chng hn nh ch n qu

king, bi v chng khng th gip gi gim trng lng d tha lu di. C mt s ch n ung ca chin lc khc nhau la chn, tt c u c th lng calo

thp hn.

Ch n ung vt qua bnh bo ph bao gm:

Cha kha gim cn l gim bao nhiu calo tiu th.

Cm gic y

Khi nim ny c mt nng lng c th gip tha mn cn i vi t calo. Tt c cc loi thc phm c mt s lng nht nh ca lng calo trong mt s nht nh (khi

lng). Mt s loi thc phm, chng hn nh mn trng ming, bnh ko v thc phm ch bin, c mt nng lng cao. iu ny c ngha rng mt lng nh thc

n c mt s lng ln calo. Ngc li, cc loi thc phm khc nh tri cy v rau qu, c mt nng lng thp. Nhng thc phm ny cung cp mt kch thc ln

hn vi s t calo.

Tng cng hot ng

Tng cng hot ng th cht hoc tp th dc cng l mt phn thit yu ca iu tr bnh bo ph. Hu ht nhng ngi c th duy tr gim cn ca h trong hn mt

nm tp th dc thng xuyn, thm ch ch n gin l i b. Mc tiu ca hot ng v tp th dc gim cn l t chy nhiu calo hn, mc d thc hin cung cp

nhiu li ch sc khe khc. Bao nhiu calo t chy ph thuc vo thi gian, tn sut v cng hot ng.

Thay i hnh vi

gim cn v gi n, cn phi thc hin nhng thay i trong hnh vi v thi i vi thc phm v tp th dc.

C mt s cch gip thay i hnh vi v suy ngh khng lnh mnh. Hnh vi sa i, i khi c gi l hnh vi tr liu, c th bao gm:

T vn. iu tr hoc can thip vi sc khe tm thn c hun luyn hoc cc chuyn gia khc c th gip gii quyt cc vn hnh vi v cm xc lin quan n n

ung. Tr liu c th gip hiu l do ti sao n qu nhiu v hc hi cch lnh mnh i ph vi s lo lng. Cng c th tm hiu lm th no gim st hot ng ch

n ung, hiu n ung gy ra v i ph vi s thm mun thc phm

Cc nhm h tr. C th tm thy tnh thn thit v hiu bit trong cc nhm h tr ni ngi khc chia s nhng thch thc tng t vi bnh bo ph. Kim tra vi bc s,

bnh vin a phng hoc cc chng trnh gim cn thng mi cho cc nhm h tr trong khu vc.

Toa thuc gim cn

Cch tt nht gim cn thng qua mt ch n ung lnh mnh v tp th dc thng xuyn. Nhng trong nhng tnh hung nht nh, theo toa thuc gim cn c th

l mt la chn. Hy nh, d rng thuc gim cn c ngha l c s dng cng vi nhng thay i ch n ung, tp th dc v hnh vi, khng thay th. Nu khng

thc hin nhng thay i khc trong cuc sng, thuc hot ng khng hiu qu.

Phu thut gim cn

Trong mt s trng hp, phu thut gim cn, cn c gi l bariatric phu thut l mt la chn. Phu thut gim cn cung cp c hi tt nht ca vic mt trng

lng, nhng n c th gy ra ri ro nghim trng. Gim cn phu thut hn ch lng thc n c th thoi mi n hoc c ch s hp thu thc n v nng lng, hoc

c hai.

Phu thut gim cn thng c th gip gim khong 50 phn trm trng lng c th d tha. Ch hn mt na trong s nhng ngi tri qua phu thut gim cn gi

cho trng lng ti cc im 5 nm. Tuy nhin, phu thut gim cn khng phi l mt php l cha bnh bo ph. N khng m bo rng s mt tt c trng lng d

tha hoc l s gi n lu di. Gim cn thnh cng sau khi phu thut d dy ph thuc vo cam kt thc hin thay i trong n ung sut i v thi quen tp th dc.

C rt nhiu loi ca phu thut gim cn. Mt s loi hn ch, lm gim cn bng cch hn ch d dy c th gi bao nhiu. Loi khc ngn chn c th hp th calo v

cht dinh dng. Nhng ngi khc l mt s kt hp ca hai loi.

Phong cch sng v bin php khc phc

N lc vt qua bnh bo ph c nhiu kh nng thnh cng, lm theo cc chin lc nh ngoi k hoch iu tr chnh thc. y c th bao gm:

Tham gia vo k hoch iu tr

Ung thuc theo ch dn

Tm hiu v tnh trng

Gio dc v bnh bo ph c th gip tm hiu thm v l do ti sao tr thnh bo ph v nhng g c th lm g v n. C th cm thy c trao quyn kim sot v lm

ng theo k hoch iu tr. c sch uy tn t gip v xem xt ni v chng vi bc s tr liu.

Tranh th s h tr

Gia nh v bn b trn din n vi mc tiu gim cn. m mnh vi nhng ngi s h tr v gip, khng ph hoi nhng n lc. Hy chc chn rng h hiu c tm

quan trng ca gim cn l i vi sc khe. Cng c th tham gia mt nhm h tr gim cn.

t mc tiu thc t

Khi mt mt lng ng k trng lng, c th thit lp mc tiu m khng thc t, chng hn nh c gng mt qu nhiu qu nhanh. Khng t mnh ln cho tht

bi. t mc tiu hng ngy hoc hng tun tp th dc v gim cn. Hy thay i nh trong ch n ung thay v c gng thay i quyt lit khng c kh nng gn

b vi mt thi gian di.

Xc nh v trnh cc thc n gy nn

Phn tm mnh t mong mun n vi mt ci g tch cc, chng hn nh gi mt ngi. Thc hnh ni khng vi cc loi thc phm khng lnh mnh v s lng

ln. Hy n khi thc s i, khng ch n gin l khi ng h cho bit l thi gian n.

Kt ni. Do khng b c lp. Hy th tham gia vo cc hot ng thng xuyn v c c cng vi gia nh hoc bn b theo nh k.

Tham gia. Tham gia mt nhm h tr c th kt ni vi nhng ngi khc phi i mt vi nhng thch thc tng t.

Tp trung. Tp trung vo mc tiu. Khc phc bnh bo ph l mt qu trnh lin tc. Vn gi c thc y bi mc tiu trong tm tr. Nhc nh bn thn rng ang chu

trch nhim qun l tnh trng v lm vic hng ti mc tiu.

Th gin. Tm hiu th gin v qun l cng thng. Hc nhn ra s cng thng v stress qun l pht trin v k nng th gin c th gip ginh quyn kim sot thi

quen n ung khng lnh mnh. Hy th cc k thut gim cng thng nh yoga, thin nh hoc tai chi, nu bc s ni l OK.

Thc trng
Theo kt qu nghin cu ca Vin thng k v nh gi sc khe thuc H Washington (M), nm 2013 th gii
c 2,1 t ngi bo ph v tha cn, gp hn 2 ln con s 857 triu ngi vo nm 1980, ngha l gn 1/3 dn s
th gii ngy nay bo ph hoc tha cn.

Nhng iu ti t hn c l 33 nm qua khng c quc gia no t c thnh cng ng k trong vic gim thiu tnh
trng dn s bo ph hoc tha cn. Khng ging cc vn ton cu khc nh thuc l v suy dinh dng tr em,
tnh trng bo ph hoc tha cn cha h suy gim trn khp th gii.
Mt s kt qu bo ng m bn nghin cu a ra:

Tnh n 2013, hn mt na trong s 671 triu ngi bo ph trn khp th gii sinh sng ti 10 quc gia: M, Trung
Quc, n , Nga, Brazil, Mexico, Ai Cp, c, Pakistan v Indonesia.
36,9% nam gii b tha cn hoc bo ph vo nm 2013, so vi 28,8% vo nm 1980.

T l ph n cng tng t 29,8% t nm 1980 ln 38% vo nm 2013.

T l tr em tha cn hoc bo ph tng ln 47,1% trong vng 33 nm qua, trong khi con s ny vi ngi ln l
27,5%.

Nm 2013, 13% s ngui bo ph trn th gii sng ti Hoa K, nhiu hn bt k quc gia no khc.
Khong 2 trong s 3 ngi bo ph ang sng cc nc ang pht trin. T l n ng tha cn hoc bo ph cc
nc pht trin nhiu hn ph n, tri ngc tnh trng cc nc ang pht trin.

M, c v Anh nm trong s cc quc gia ghi nhn tnh trng gia tng bnh bo ph nhanh nht c nam gii v n gii
trong 33 nm qua.
Thm ch min nam chu Phi cn Sahara, ni cc quc gia ang u tranh vi suy dinh dng v HIV/AIDS, bo ph
cng tr thnh mt vn nn, vi 37% ph n v gn 12% nam gii mc bnh.