candy

chromatography

a.vishwa
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 index:
1.Bonafide certificate
(i)
2.Acknowledgment
(ii)
3.Introduction
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4.Experimental procedure
2
Requirements
Procedure
5.Result
4
6.Scope of the project
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7.Picture Gallery
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8.Bibiliography
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 INTRODUCTION:
Chromatography is a technique used to separate the
various components in a complex mixture or solution. It
works because the components of the mixture will differ
in how much they "stick" to things to each other ,and to
other substances. For example , some of the components
of the ink will stick more tightly to the paper fibers. They
will spend less time in the water as it moves along the
paper fibers, and thus will not travel very far. Other
components of the ink will stick less tightly to the paper
fibers. They will spend more time in the water as it moves
along the paper fibers, thus they will travel further
through the paper. Other materials than paper and water
can be used for chromatography, but in each
chromatography apparatus there is generally a stationery
phase and a mobile phase. In the paper chromatography,
the paper is the stationery phase and the water is the
mobile phase. The separation of the dyes used in two
different kinds of candy is performed.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
REQUIREMENTS:
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 MIXTURE OF CANDY DYES
WATER
ETHY ALCOHOL
SODIUM HYROXIDE
BOILING TEST TUBES
CHROMATOGRAPHY PAPER
FINE CAPILLARY TUBES

PROCEDURE:
Place 3 candies in a test tube with enough NAOH to
cover the candies. Heat the test tube until the
colored coating dissolves. Avoid dissolving the
interior of the candies
Carefully decant the solution into another test tube.
Repeat the same with different colored candies and
mix all the different dyes into one test tube.
Take a chromatography paper and draw a pencil line
1cm from the long edge of the paper. Use a fine
capillary tube to place a small spot of the
concentrated dye solution on the middle of the pencil
line. Allow this spot again exactly on the same point
to increase the amount of sample.
Add 5ml of ethyl alcohol(C6H5OH) to a boiling tube.
Carefully place the chromatography paper into the
boiling tube. Be careful that the chromatography
paper does not touch the sides of the boiling tube.
Allow the chromatogram to develop until the
developing solution has climbed about 15cm from

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 the top of the paper. Mark the solvent front and allow
the paper to dry.
Put pencil spots at the points where the dyes have
seperated from each other.
Measure the distance between the two spots have
travelled from the original line and the distance of
the solvent from the original line.
Calculate the Rf values and record them.

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 RESULT:
Rf value for pink dye=0.67
Rf value for green dye=0.57
Ratio of Rf
values=0.57/0.67=0.85

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 scope of project:
Paper chromatography is a simple chromatography
technique which has many applications. Its main
advantage is that it is not very expensive to perform, and
provides clear results. Given below are some important
uses of paper chromatography.
Separating Colored Pigments:
Paper chromatography is an effective technique for
separating colored pigments from a mixture. A few drops
of the mixture of colored pigments are placed on the filter
paper (stationary phase) and it is then slowly submerged
into a jar of solvent (mobile phase). As the solvent rises
up the paper, it dissolves the molecules present in the
mixture, their solubility depending on their polarity.
Because of different polarity, molecules of each pigment
leaves the solution at different places, as the solvent
continues to rise up the stationary phase. Thus, each
pigment rises up to a particular level on the
chromatography paper, and gets separated in the
process.
Used in the separation of plant pigments.
Obtaining Pure Compounds:
Paper chromatography is used to obtain pure compounds
from a mixture. This is done by cutting out and
redissolving the patterns formed by each constituent.
Also, this technique can be effectively used to remove
impurities from chemical compounds. Due to the process
of paper chromatography, the impurities get separated

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from the compound and the pure compound can be
obtained.
Used in the separation of proteins into homogenous
groups for use in medicine.
Qualitative Analysis:
Paper chromatography is one of the methods of
qualitative analysis, to analyze or separate the different
constituents of a mixture. It is a useful tool for separating
polar as well as nonpolar solutes. Pharmaceutical
companies use this technique to analyze the different
compounds in drugs.
Used in the testing of antibiotics and determining the
pollutants in water.

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picture gallery:

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 bibliography:
www.buzzle.com
www.scientificamerican.com
www.google.com

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