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BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
M SAI PRASHANTH 13691A03E0
www.mits.ac.in
CERTIFICATE
13691A03E0, who carried out the seminar under our supervision. Certified further, that to
the best of our knowledge the work reported herein does not form part to any other report or
dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on
Abstract
Hyperloop is a proposed mode of passenger and freight transportation that propels a pod-
like vehicle through a near-vacuum tube at more than airline speed. The alpha version of the
proposal, published on the SpaceX website, describes claims of the design of the system, as
well as its function. The pods would accelerate to cruising speed gradually using a linear
electric motor and glide above their track using passive magnetic levitation or air bearings.
The tubes could also go above ground on columns or underground, eliminating the dangers of
grade crossings. It is hoped that the system will be highly energy-efficient, quiet and
autonomous.
The concept of high-speed travel in tubes has been around for decades, but there has been a
resurgence in interest in pneumatic tube transportation systems since the concept was
reintroduced, using updated technologies, by Elon Musk after 2012, incorporating reduced-
pressure tubes in which pressurized capsules ride on an air cushion driven by linear induction
motors and air compressors.
The outline of the original Hyperloop concept was made public by the release of a
preliminary design document in August 2013, which included a suggested route running from
the Los Angeles region to the San Francisco Bay Area, paralleling the Interstate 5 corridor for
most of its length. Preliminary analysis indicated that such a route might obtain an expected
journey time of 35 minutes, meaning that passengers would traverse the 350-mile (560 km)
route at an average speed of around 600 mph (970 km/h), with a top speed of 760 mph
(1,200 km/h). Preliminary cost estimates for the LASF suggested route were included in the
white paperUS$6 billion for a passenger-only version, and US$7.5 billion for a somewhat
larger-diameter version transporting passengers and vehicles although transportation
analysts had doubts that the system could be constructed on that budget; some analysts
claimed that the Hyperloop would be several billion dollars overbudget due to construction,
development and operation costs.
CONTENTS
Page no
Certificate I
Abstract II
Acknowledgement III
Contents IV
List of figures and Tables V
I
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1
Chapter 2
Main Parts of Hyperloop
2
2.1 Low Pressure Tube
3
2.2 Capsule
4-5
2.3 Axial Compressor
6
2.4 Compressed Line Diagram
7
2.5 Suspension
8
Chapter 3
Dept of Mech. Engg, Jain Institute of Technology, Davanagere
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Hyperloop
List of Table
Chapter-1
INTRODUCTION
Existing conventional modes of transportation of people consists of four unique
types:rail, road, water, and air. These modes of transport tend to be either relatively
slow (e.g., road and water), expensive (e.g., air), or a combination of relatively
slow and expensive (i.e., rail). Hyperloop is a new mode of transport that seeks to
change this paradigm by being both fast and inexpensive for people and goods.
Hyperloop is also unique in that it is an open design concept, similar to Linux.
Feedback is desired from the community that can help advance the Hyperloop design and
bring it from concept to reality
Figure 1. Hyperloop
Hyperloop consists of a low pressure tube with capsules that are transported at both
low and high speeds throughout the length of the tube. The capsules are supported on a
cushion of air, featuring pressurized air and aerodynamic lift. The capsules are
accelerated via a magnetic linear accelerator affixed at various stations on the low
pressure tube with rotors contained ineach capsule. Passengers may enter and exit
Hyperloop at stations located either at the ends of the tube, or branches along the tube
length.
Chapter-2
2.2 CAPSULE
Geometry
In order to optimize the capsule speed and performance, the frontal area has been
minimized for size while maintaining passenger comfort.
1. Tube air is compressed with a compression ratio of 20:1 via an axial compressor.
a. The air travels via a narrow tube near bottom of the capsule to the
tail.
3. Up to 0.2 kg/s of air is cooled and compressed an additiona l 5.2:1 for the
passenger
2.5 Suspension
Figure 8. Suspension
Suspending the capsule within the tube presents a substantia l technical challenge due to
transonic cruising velocities. Conventio na l wheel and axle systems become
impracticalat high speed due frictional losses and dynamic instability. A viable
technical solution is magnetic levitation; however the cost associated with material
and construction is prohibitive. An alternative to these conventio na l options is an
air bearing suspension. Air bearings offer stability and extremely low drag at a feasible
cost by exploiting the ambient atmosphere in the tube
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Chapter-3
3.1 Cost
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3.2 Route
The following rationale and philosophies were followed to arrive at the best corridor
strategy to set-up the Hyperloop in India.
Existing Corridor Integration: It should integrate well with existing/sanctioned
industrial/dedicated freight corridors, and should not disrupt sanctioned Government
transport plans.
Passenger & Cargo Mobility: It should maximize the opportunities
for both Passenger and Cargo transport between Origin and Destination pairs.
Favorable Trends in Economic Geography: It should link high-potential markets
found in fast-growing urban agglomerations
Minimal Seismic Activity : It should be in areas with low seismic activity zone
factor of less than 0.16 according to IS Code.
Incremental Phase-wise Strategy : It should be introduced in phases with relevant
opportunities for socio-economic impact/benefits in all phases.
High-Impact Demonstration Projects: Initial phases should maximize opportunities
for low-infrastructure, high-impact setup which triggers a nationwide demonstration
ef
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We can find support for these figures if we agree that the hyperloop can be powered
mostly or entirely by renewable energy. If powered entirely by solar and wind power,
the net emissions of the hyperloop are practically zero.
Even if the hyperloop uses coal or natural-gas power, at the expected level of energy
efficiency, it may still be more efficient and environmentally friendly than alternatives
like high-speed rail or plane travel. This will depend on the actual designs that are
built .
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Chapter-4
4.1 Advantages
Faster
Lower cost.
Pollution free.
Immune to weather.
Safer
Sustainably self-powering.
Resistant to Earthquakes.
4.2 Disadvantages
Tube pressurization.
Turning will be critical (with large radius).
Insufficient movable space for passenger
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Hyperloop
Conclusion
As it has number of advantages it will very help full for transport public as well as
goods in a very short period of time (at a top speed of 1220 kmph) and also in lower
cost.
It is a new concept so there is some future work will be required for development of
this project.
Conventional means of transportation (road, water, air, and rail) tend to be some mix
of expensive, slow, and environmentally harmful. Road travel is particularly
problematic, given carbon emissions and the fluctuating price of oil. As
the environmental dangers of energy consumption continue to worsen, mass transit.
Rail travel is relatively energy efficient and offers the most environmentally friendly
option, but is too slow and expensive to be massively adopted.
An additional passenger plus transport version of the Hyperloop has been
created that is only 25% higher in cost than the passenger only version.
This version would be capable of transporting passengers, vehicles,
freight, etc. The passenger plus vehicle version of the Hyperloop is less
than 11% of the cost of the proposed passenger only high speed rail system
between Los Angeles and San Francisco. Additional technological
developments and further optimization could likely reduce this price.
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