CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCVN 08 : 2009/BXD

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

CNG TRNH NGM TH

PHN 2. GARA T
Vietnam Building Code for Urban Underground Structures
Part 2. The Parkings

H NI 2009
 QCVN 08: 2009/BXD

Li ni u

QCVN 08 : 2009/BXD do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng bin son, V Khoa
hc Cng ngh v Mi trng trnh duyt v c ban hnh theo Thng t s:
........./2009/TT-BXD ngy ....... thng ...... nm 2009 ca B trng B Xy dng.
Quy chun QCVN 08 : 2009/BXD bao gm cc phn:
Phn 1. Tu in ngm;
Phn 2. Gara t.

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 QCVN 08 : 2009/BXD

1. Phm vi p dng
Quy chun ny bao gm cc quy nh bt buc p dng trong vic lp, thm
nh, ph duyt cc d n u t xy dng nh, cng trnh v cc gian phng lu gi
t (sau y gi chung l ga ra t) m khng ph thuc vo dng s hu.
Quy chun ny quy nh cc ni dung v cc yu cu ch yu v gii php quy
hoch khng gian, kt cu, trang b k thut ca cc ga ra t v s b tr chng trong
khu dn c.
Quy chun ny khng p dng cho nh, cng trnh v cc gian phng lu gi
t dng chuyn ch cc cht n, cht c, cht ly nhim v cht phng x.

2. Gii thch t ng
Cc thut ng s dng trong quy chun ny c hiu nh sau:
2.1 Ga ra t nh, cng trnh (hoc phn ca nh v cng trnh) hoc bi h chuyn
dng lu gi t.
2.2 Ga ra t trn mt t dng kn gara t c tng bao che ngoi.
2.3 Gara t dng h - gara t khng c tng bao che ngoi. Ga ra t cng c
coi l h nu cng trnh c hai cnh i din di nht c h. Cnh c coi l
c h nu nh tng din tch phn h dc theo cnh ny chim khng t hn
50% din tch mt ngoi ca n trn tng tng.
2.4 Ga ra t c ng dc ga ra t s dng dy cc sn nng cao u (hoc h
thp u) hoc dy cc ng dc ni gia cc sn cho php t ln xung c mt
t.
2.5 Ga ra t c kh ga ra t m vic vn chuyn t n cc v tr lu gi c
thc hin bng cc thit b c kh chuyn dng (khng c s tham gia ca ngi li).

3. B tr ga ra t
3.1 Vic b tr cc ga ra t trong khu dn c th, kch thc khu t dnh cho
chng v khong cch t chng ti cc nh v cng trnh khc c qui nh trong Ph
lc A.
3.2 Ga ra t ph hp vi cc yu cu ca quy chun ny c php xy dng: di
mt t hoc trn mt t; mt phn di mt t, mt phn trn mt t; lin k hoc
nm trong cc nh c chc nng khc, trong ga ra c th c b tr di cc nh
ny cc tng di mt t, tng hm, tng na hm hoc cc tng di ca cc tng
ni trn mt t, cng nh trn cc khu t h c trang thit b chuyn dng.
Tng c coi l di mt t khi cc phng ca tng ny c cao sn thp
hn cao mt t (theo quy hoch) qu na chiu cao ca cc phng .
Cc ga ra t ngm c php xy dng k c di cc li i, cc ng ph,
cc qung trng, vn hoa, bi c, v.v
3.3 Cho php b tr ga ra t lin k vi cc nh c chc nng khc, tr cc nh thuc
nhm nguy him chy sau y: F1.1, F 4.1 v cc nh sn xut nhm F 5 hng A v B
quy nh ti Ph lc B.
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 QCVN 08: 2009/BXD

3.4 Ga ra t c php b tr trong cc nh chc nng khc c bc chu la I, II c

cc cu kin c lm t cc vt liu khng chy v kh chy tr cc ngi nh nhm F
1.1, F 4.1 v cc nh sn xut nhm F 5 hng A v B (Ph lc B). Trong cc nh nhm
F 1.4 c php b tr cc ga ra t khng ph thuc vo bc chu la ca chng.
Trong cc nh nhm F 1.3 ch c php b tr cc ga ra cho cc xe con vi cc ch c
nh (khng c vch ngn ring) cho cc ch xe.
Di cc nh thuc nhm F 1.1, F 4.1 khng c php b tr ga ra t.
3.5 Khng c php b tr ga ra t dng kn dnh cho cc t c ng c chy
bng kh nn t nhin v kh ha lng vo trong cc ta nh c chc nng khc hoc
lin k vi chng, hoc di mt t.
3.6 Khong cch chng chy tnh t cc khu t h (k c khi c mi che) gi t
n cc nh v cng trnh ca cc x nghip (dch v bo dng v sa cha t, cng
nghip, nng nghip, v.v) c ly nh sau:
) Ti cc nh v cng trnh sn xut:
- C bc chu la bc I, II, v III thuc nhm S0:
+ t pha cc tng khng c l ca khng qui nh;
+ t pha cc tng c l ca khng nh hn 9 m.
- C bc chu la bc IV thuc nhm S0 v S1:
+ t pha cc tng khng c l ca khng nh hn 6m;
+ t pha cc tng c l ca - khng nh hn 12m.
- C bc chu la v nhm nguy him chy khc (Ph lc B) khng nh hn 15
m.
b) Ti cc nh hnh chnh v dch v ca cc x nghip:
- C bc chu la bc I, II v III thuc nhm S0 khng nh hn 9 m;
- C bc chu la v nhm nguy him chy khc khng nh hn 15 m;
- Khong cch t cc bi gi t n cc nh v cng trnh c bc chu la I, II
thuc nhm S0 trong khu vc ca cc trm dch v k thut cho xe con di 15 ch t
pha cc tng khng c l ca khng qui nh.
3.7 t vn chuyn cc nhin liu v cht bi trn ch c php lu gi trn cc bi
h hoc trong cc nh mt tng ng ring bit c bc chu la khng nh hn bc II
thuc nhm S0. Cho php cc ga ra trn c b tr lin k vi cc tng c ngn
chy loi 1 hoc 2 ca cc nh sn xut c bc chu la I, II thuc nhm S0 (ngoi tr
cc nh hng A v B) khi lu gi t c tng dung tch cha nhin liu v cht bi trn
khng qu 30 m3.
Trn cc bi h, vic lu gi t ch nhin liu v cht bi trn phi chia theo
nhm vi s lng khng qu 50 xe v tng dung tch cha cc cht nu trn khng
qu 600 m3. Khong cch gia cc nhm xe ny, cng nh khong cch ti cc khu t
lu gi cc loi xe khc khng c nh hn 12 m.

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Khong cch t cc khu t lu gi t vn chuyn nhin liu v cht bi trn
ti cc nh, cng trnh, x nghip c ly theo Bng 1, cn khong cch ti cc nh
hnh chnh v dch v ca cc x nghip ny khng nh hn 50 m.

Bng 1.

Kho cha cc cht lng Khong cch t ga ra ti nh v cng trnh v khong

d chy, m3 cch gia cc ga ra, m

Nh v bc chu la

, V, V

1 2 3 4
Trn 1000 n 2000 30 30 36

T 600 n 1000 24 24 30

Nh hn 600 18 18 24

n 300 18 18 24

Nh hn 300 12 12 18

4. Cc gii php qui hoch khng gian v kt cu

Yu cu chung

4.1 Cc ga ra t trn mt t c php xy dng vi chiu cao khng qu 9 tng,

cc ga ra t ngm khng qu 5 tng ngm.
4.2 Vic xp t c thc hin:
- Khi c s tham gia ca li xe theo cc ng dc hoc s dng cc thang ti;
- Khi khng c s tham gia ca li xe bng cc thit b c kh.
4.3 Trong cc nh ga ra cho php b tr: cc phng lm vic dnh cho nhn vin phc
v v trc ban (cc trm kim tra v bn v, iu , bo v), cc phng chc nng k
thut ( b tr cc thit b k thut), cc khu v sinh, kho hnh l ca khch hng, cc
phng dnh cho ngi khuyt tt, cng nh cc trm in thoi cng cng v cc thang
my ch ngi. S cn thit, thnh phn v din tch ca chng c thit k qui nh
ty thuc vo kch thc v cc c im khai thc ca ga ra.
Kch thc cabin ca mt trong cc thang my ch khch phi m bo chuyn
c ngi khuyt tt dng xe ln.
4.4 Xp hng mc nguy him chy n v chy ca cc phng v nh lu gi t
c xc nh theo Ph lc B.

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 QCVN 08: 2009/BXD
Cc gian phng lu gi cc xe con c php ly tng ng hng C1
C4, cc nh ga ra xe con tng ng hng C (ngoi tr cc loi t c ng c
chy bng kh nn hoc kh ha lng).
4.5 Cc ga ra t xy dng lin k vi cc nh c chc nng khc phi c cch ly
vi cc nh ny bng cc tng ngn chy loi 1.
Cc ga ra t xy dng trong nh c chc nng khc phi c bc chu la
khng thp hn bc chu la ca chnh nh v phi c cch ly vi cc gian phng
(tng) ca cc nh ny bng cc tng v sn ngn chy loi 1.
Cho php cch ly ga ra xy dng trong cc nh nhm F 1.3 bng sn ngn chy
loi 2. Khi , cc tng phi c cch ly vi ga ra bng mt tng khng c ngi
(v d, tng k thut).
Khng qui nh vic ngn ga ra cha mt xe con ca ch nh trong cc nh
nhm 1a bng cc vch ngn chy.
Pha trn cc l ca ca cc ga ra c xy bn trong hoc lin k cc nh c
chc nng khc (tr cc nh nhm F 1.4) phi b tr cc mi ua lm t cc vt liu
khng chy. Mi ua ny phi c chiu rng khng t hn 1m v c khong cch t mp
mi ua ti mp di ca cc l ca s ca cc nh trn khng nh hn 4m hoc phi
lm ca bng vt liu khng chy.
4.6 Khi trong thnh phn ca ga ra (theo nhim v thit k) cn c cc gian phng dch
v (cc trm dch v k thut v sa cha, khm xe v cc cng vic hiu chnh, ra
xe, v.v) th chng phi c b tr thnh mt nh ring, mt phng hoc mt nhm
phng cho cc mc ch trn. Cc phng ny c th b tr ngay trong cc ga ra (tr ga
ra dng h v ga ra t trong cc nh ) nhng phi c cch ly vi ga ra bng cc
tng ngn chy loi 2 v cc sn ngn chy loi 3. Cc li vo v li ra ca cc phng
ny phi c cch ly vi cc li vo v li ra ca ga ra.
Thnh phn v din tch ca cc gian phng dng thc hin mt hoc cc
dch v k thut v sa cha t thng xuyn c xc nh ph hp cc yu cu
cng ngh.
4.7 Mc n trong cc gian phng ca nh c ga ra t phi ph hp vi quy nh hin
hnh v v sinh dch t.
4.8 i vi cc ga ra xy trong cc nh c chc nng khc, khng c php b tr bn
trong cc lng cu thang chung v cc h thang my chung. m bo mi lin h
chc nng ca ga ra v nh c chc nng khc th cc li ra t cc lng cu thang b
v h thang my ca ga ra phi c b tr i vo snh c li ra chnh ca ta nh trn,
ng thi trn cc tng ca ga ra phi lp t cc khoang m loi 1 (Ph lc B) c
thi kh khi chy. Khi cn c lin h gia ga ra vi tt c cc tng ca nh c chc nng
khc th phi bo v chng khi cho cc h thang my v lng thang b ph hp vi
5.15.
Vic lin h cc phng lu gi t trn tng c cc gian phng chc nng khc
(tr cc phng nu trong 4.3) hoc khoang chy lin k c php thng qua khoang
m c thi kh khi chy hoc mn nc pha trn l ca t pha ga ra.
4.9 Khng cho php b tr cc gian phng thng mi, quy hng, kit, xp hng
ngay trong cc gian phng lu gi t.

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4.10 di chuyn t trong cc nh ga ra t nhiu tng phi c cc ng dc, sn
dc gia cc tng hoc cc thang my chuyn dng (cc thit b c kh).
Khi s dng kt cu c sn xon lin tc, mi vng xon hon chnh c xem
nh mt tng.
i vi cc ga ra nhiu tng c cc tng lng, th tng s tng c xc nh
bng s tng lng chia i, din tch mt tng c xc nh bng tng hai tng lng
lin k.
4.11 S ng dc v s li ra vo cn thit trong mi ga ra c xc nh ph thuc
vo s lng t b tr trn tt c cc tng, tr tng mt (i vi ga ra ngm trn tt
c cc tng) c k n ch s dng ga ra, lu lng tnh ton v gii cc gii php
t chc mt bng.
Thng thng, loi v s lng ng dc c ly theo s lng t nh sau:
- n 100 xe: mt ng dc n c s dng tn hiu tng ng.
- n 1000 xe: mt ng dc i hoc hai ng dc n;
- Trn 1000 xe: hai ng dc i. Khng cho php b tr li vo (li ra) t cc
tng di v trn mt t qua khu vc lu gi xe tng mt hoc tng na hm.

4.12 Trong cc ga ra dng kn, cc ng dc chung cho tt c cc tng phi c

ngn cch (cch ly) trn mi tng vi cc phng lu gi xe bng cc vch, ca v cc
khoang m ngn chy c thi kh khi chy theo Bng 2.

Bng 2.

Gii hn chu la ca cc kt cu
Loi ga ra bao che (cc vch ngn chy), pht, Yu cu b tr khoang m
khng nh hn
Tng Cng
EI 90 El 60 Khoang m c su m bo
Ngm m c cng, nhng khng
nh hn 1,5 m
El 45 El 30 Khng cn thit
Trn mt
t

Cc cnh ca v cng trong cc vch ngn chy v cc khoang m phi c

trang b cc thit b t ng ng khi chy.
Trong cc ga ra mt tng di mt t, trc cc ng dc khng s dng lm
ng thot nn th khng cn b tr khoang m.

4.13 Trong cc ga ra trn mt t cc ng dc khng cch ly c php b tr:

Trong cc nh chiu cao khng qu 3 tng c bc chu la bc I v II thuc nhm
S0 v S1 v tng din tch cc tng (cc tng lng), c ni vi nhau bng cc ng
dc khng cch ly, khng vt qu 10400 m2;
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4.14 T mi tng ca mt khoang chy ca ga ra (tr ga ra c kh) phi c khng t
hn hai li thot him phn tn dn trc tip ra bn ngoi hoc vo lng cu thang b.
Cho php mt trong cc li thot him b tr trn ng dc cch ly. Li i theo
cc thm ca ng dc trn tng lng vo lng thang b c php xem nh l li
thot him.
Cc li thot him t cc gian phng nu trong mc 4.3, cho php i qua cc
gian phng lu gi t. Ch cho php b tr kho hnh l ca khch trn tng mt (tng
n) ca ga ra.
Khong cch cho php t v tr xe xa nht n li thot him gn nht c
ly theo Bng 3.
Cc ng dc trong cc nh ga ra, ng thi s dng lm ng thot him,
phi c va h rng khng nh hn 0,8 m mt pha ca ng dc.
Cc cu thang b dng lm ng thot him phi c chiu rng khng nh
hn 1m.
Bng 3.

Khong cch n li thot him gn nht, khi b tr ch lu

gi xe
Loi ga ra Gia cc li thot him Ti phn ct ca gian phng
Ngm 40 20
Trn mt t 60 25
GHI CH Chiu di ca ng thot him c o t trc ca cc ng i b v ng xe
chy c k n s phn b xe.

4.15 ra c ng dc hoc vo khoang chy lin k, phi b tr ca ngn chy

gn cng hoc trong cc cng c chiu cao ngng khng nh hn 15 cm.
c th t cn cu ha, phn di ca cc cng phi c ca np vi cnh
t ng kch thc 20 x 20 cm.
4.16 Khi s dng sn mi nh lm ch t, th cc yu cu i vi sn mi ny
c ly nh i vi cc sn thng thng ca ga ra t. Lp trn ca sn mi ny
phi c lm t cc vt liu khng lan chy khng nh hn RP1 (Ph lc B).
4.17 Trong cc phng lu gi t ti cc li ra (li vo) ng dc hoc vo cc
khoang chy lin k, k c ra sn mi (khi b tr ga ra trn mi) phi c cc gii php
ngn nga kh nng chy nhin liu khi chy.
4.18 Cc ga ra t nhiu tng phi c cc li ra mi nh ph hp vi Quy chun phng
chy cha chy.
4.19 Cc kt cu bao che ca h thang my phi ph hp Quy chun phng chy cha
chy.
4.20 Trong cc ga ra ngm c trn hai tng hm, trong mi khoang chy phi b tr t
nht mt thang my lm vic ch chuyn ch lc lng cha chy ph hp vi
yu cu ca Quy chun Phng chy cha chy.

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4.21 Lp ph ca sn ga ra phi bn di tc ng ca cc sn phm du v lm sch
kh (k c lm sch c kh) cc gian phng.
Lp ph ca cc ng dc v ng i b trn chng phi khng trn trt.
Lp ph sn phi c lm t nhm vt liu c lan chy khng thp hn
nhm RP1 (Ph lc B).

4.22 Ti cc v tr li i v lu gi xe, chiu cao ca cc gian phng v cng tnh t mt

sn n mp di ca phn kt cu nh ra v thit b treo phi vt qu t nht 0,2 m
so vi chiu cao t ln nht v khng c nh hn 2 m.

4.23 Cc ng i ca t trong ga ra phi c c ch dn chiu sng nh hng

cho li xe.

4.24 Cc thng s ca cc ch lu gi xe, ng dc, ng i trong ga ra, khong

cch gia cc t ti ni lu gi, k c khong cch gia cc t v kt cu nh c
thit k quy nh ph thuc vo loi t, phng php lu gi, kch thc xe, kh nng
xoay s v phn b ca cc xe theo yu cu ca tiu chun la chn p dng.
4.25 Kch thc ti thiu ca ni lu gi ly nh sau:
- Chiu di mt ch xe: 5 m;
- Chiu rng: 2,3 m (i vi ngi khuyt tt s dng xe ln: 3,5 m).
4.26 Cc gian phng lu gi t c php s dng mt phn chiu sng t nhin
hoc khng s dng chiu sng t nhin.
4.27 Trong cc nh ga ra t nhiu tng dc ca cc sn mi tng, cng nh cc
rnh, mng phi m bo khng cc cht lng chy ra ng dc v xung cc tng
bn di.
4.28 Cc ng dc trong ga ra t phi tha mn cc yu cu sau:
a, dc dc ca cc ng dc thng, c mi che theo trc ca di xe chy
phi khng ln hn 18%, dc dc ca cc ng dc cong khng ln hn 13%,
dc dc ca cc ng dc h (khng c mi che) khng ln hn 10%.
b, dc ngang ca cc ng dc phi khng ln hn 6%;
c, Trong cc ng dc c ngi i b phi c va h rng khng nh hn 0,8 m.
4.29 Cc sn nghing gia cc tng phi c dc khng ln hn 6%.
4.30 Ga ra lu gi t c ng c chy bng kh ha lng hoc kh nn t nhin
phi b sung cc yu cu cho cc gian phng, nh v cng trnh theo quy nh ring.
4.31 Cc gian phng lu gi t c ng c chy bng kh ha lng hoc kh nn t
nhin phi b tr trong nh, cng trnh ring bit chu la bc I, II, III, IV thuc nhm S0.
Cc gian phng lu gi xe con chy bng kh ha lng hoc kh nn t nhin
c php t trn cc tng trn ca cc ga ra ng ring bit cha cc t chy bng
xng hoc du diezen.

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Khng qui nh vic b tr cc gian phng lu gi t chy bng kh ha lng
hoc kh nn t nhin trn cc tng ca ga ra dng h, cng nh cc ga ra c kh (vi
iu kin m bo thng gi cho cc tng lu gi xe).
4.32 Cc gian phng lu gi t chy bng kh ha lng hoc kh nn t nhin khng
c php b tr:
a) Trong cc tng hm v na hm ca ga ra;
b) Trong cc ga dng kn ra trn mt t t trong cc nh c chc nng khc;
c) Trong cc ga ra dng kn trn mt t c cc ng dc khng cch ly;
d) Khi lu gi xe trong cc ngn khng c li trc tip t tng ngn ra ngoi tri.

Ga ra ngm cha xe con

4.33 Bc chu la yu cu, s tng v din tch mt tng cho php trong phm vi ca
mt khoang chy c ly theo Bng 4.
Bng 4.

Bc chu la Nhm nguy him S tng ca Din tch mt tng cho

ca nh (cng chy kt cu ca nh mt khoang php trong phm vi ca
trnh) (cng trnh) chy mt khoang chy, m2
I S0 5 3000
II S0 3 3000

4.34 Cc gian phng lm vic ca nhn vin trc ban v nhn vin phc v, cp nc
v cha chy bng bm, cc trm bin th (ch vi bin th kh), kho hnh l ca
khch, phng cho ngi khuyt tt c php b tr khng di tng th nht (tng
trn cng) ca tng hm cng trnh. Khng qui nh vic b tr cc phng k thut khc
trn cc tng.
Cc phng nu trn phi c cch ly vi cc phng lu gi t bng cc vch
ngn chy loi 1.
4.35 Trong cc ga ra ngm khng cho php phn chia cc ch xe thnh cc khoang
ring bit bng cc vch ngn.
4.36 Trong cc ga ra ngm c hai tng hm tr ln, cc li ra t cc tng hm vo cc
bung thang b v cc li ra t cc lng thang my phi b tr qua cc khoang m
c thi kh khi chy tng tng.

4.37 Cc li ra vo ca cc ga ra ngm phi cch cc nh nh sau, m:

- n cc li vo cc nh : 100
- n cc gian phng hnh khch ca cc bn xe, cc li vo ca cc t chc
thng mi v thc phm cng cng: 150
- n cc c quan v x nghip v phc v dn sinh v cc nh hnh chnh:
250

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- n cc li vo cng vin, trin lm v sn vn ng: 400
4.38 Trn cc sn tng ca ga ra ngm phi c cc thit b thot nc cha chy. Cc
ng ng dn nc thot nu trn phi ring bit cho tng tng hm. Nc thot
c php dn vo mng thot nc ma hoc h cha m khng cn lm sch cc
b.

Ga ra dng kn trn mt t cha xe con

4.39 Bc chu la yu cu, s tng v din tch mt tng cho php trong phm vi ca
mt khoang chy ly theo Bng 5.
Bng 5.

Din tch mt tng cho php trong phm

vi ca mt khoang chy, m2

Bc chu Nhm nguy Nh mt tng Nh nhiu tng

la ca him chy kt
S tng
nh (cng cu ca nh
ca mt
trnh) (cng trnh) khoang
chy

I, II S0 9 10400 5200

S1 2 5200 2000

III S0 5 7800 3600

S1 2 3600 1200

IV S0 1 5200

S1 1 3600

S2 1 1200

V Khng qui nh 1 1200

4.40 Trong cc nh ga ra c bc chu la bc I v II, cho php phn chia cc ch xe

con thnh cc ngn ring. Cc vch gia cc ngn phi c gii hn chu la R45 nhm
K0; cng vo tng ngn phi c dng li hoc c l kch thc khng nh hn 300 x
300 mm cao 1,4 1,6 m lun cc thit b cha chy v thc hin vic kim tra
tnh trng chng chy ca ngn.
Khi t tng ngn c li trc tip ra ngoi tri, c php b tr cc vch ngn
lm t vt liu khng chy khng quy nh gii hn chu la trong cc nh 2 tng c bc
chu la bc I, II v III v trong nh mt tng thuc nhm S0. i vi cc cc nh hai

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tng, cc sn phi l sn ngn chy loi 3. Cng vo trong cc ngn cng phi c l
kch thc khng nh hn 300 x 300 mm lun cc thit b cha chy v thc hin
vic kim tra tnh trng chng chy ca ngn.
Ga ra trn mt t dng h cha xe con
4.41 Bc chu la yu cu, s tng v din tch mt tng cho php trong phm vi ca
mt khoang chy ly theo Bng 6.
Bng 6.

Bc chu Nhm nguy him S tng Din tch mt tng cho php trong
la ca chy kt cu ca ca mt phm vi ca mt khoang chy, m2
nh (cng nh (cng trnh) khoang
trnh) chy Nh mt Nh nhiu tng
tng

I, II S0 9 10400 5200
S1 2 3500 2000
III S0 6 7800 3600
S1 2 2000 1200
IV S0 6 7300 2000
S1 2 2600 800

4.42 Chiu rng ca mt khung nh trong ga ra khng c vt qu 36 m.

4.43 Khng c php lp cc ngn, xy cc bc tng (tr cc tng ca lng thang
b) v cc vch ngn cn tr vic thng gi. Khi cn phn chia ch xe con c
php s dng cc vch dng li lm t vt liu khng chy.
4.44 Chiu cao tng phn cch cc tng khng c qu 1 m.
Cho php s dng li lm t vt liu khng chy lm ca kt cu bao che
ngoi. Khi , phi m bo iu kin thng gi xuyn sut tng.
gim nh hng ca ma phi c mi ua pha trn cc l ca lm t vt liu
khng chy. Khi , phi m bo iu kin thng gi xuyn sut tng.
4.45 Trong cc nh c bc chu la bc IV, cc kt cu bao che ca cc lng thang b
thot him v cc b phn ca chng phi tha mn yu cu cho cc lng thang b ca
nh c bc chu la bc III.
4.46 Khng yu cu cc h thng thot khi v thng gi.
4.47 Trong cc ga ra dng h phi c ni cha cc bnh cu ha (trn tng mt)
Ga ra c kh cha xe con
4.48 Thnh phn v din tch cc phng, ch xe, cc thng s ca ga ra phi ph
hp cc c im k thut ca h thng lu gi xe c s dng.

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 QCVN 08 : 2009/BXD
Vic iu khin thit b c khi, kim tra s lm vic ca n v an ton chy ca
ga ra phi c thc hin t phng iu nm tng xe n.
4.49 Nh (cng trnh) ca cc ga ra c kh lm t vt liu khng chy c php b tr
trn mt t.
Cc ga ra c php dng khung kim loi khng bc chng chy vi cc kt cu
bao che t vt liu khng chy.
Cc ga ra c kh ch c php t lin k vi cc nh chc nng khc ti v tr
cc tng c c gii hn chu la khng nh hn REI 150.
4.50 Mt khi ca ga ra c kh c php c sc cha khng qu 50 xe v chiu cao
nh khng qu 28 m.
Khi cn t hp ga ra t cc khi, th gia cc khi ny phi c phn chia bng
cc vch ngn chy loi 1.
4.51 Mi mt khi ca ga ra c kh phi m bo cho cc xe cu ha v lc lng
cha chy tip cn c t hai pha i din nhau (qua cc ca s knh hoc cc l
h).
4.52 Trong mt khi ca ga ra c kh cho php lp t cc cu thang b h lm t vt
liu khng chy dnh cho h thng dch v k thut c kh theo tng.
5. Cc h thng k thut
Cc yu cu chung
5.1 Cc h thng k thut ca ga ra v trang b k thut ca chng phi ph hp vi h
thng tiu chun la chn p dng, ngoi tr cc trng hp c ni trong qui chun
ny.
Trong cc ga ra, yu cu v lng nc cu ho, h thng thng gi c ly
nh i vi cc nh kho c hng nguy him chy hng C (Ph lc B).
5.2 Trong cc nh ga ra nhiu tng, cc on ng k thut phc v (cp nc, thot
nc, cp nhit) i qua cc sn phi c lm bng kim loi.
Cc mng cp ct qua sn cng phi c t trong cc ng kim loi hoc
trong cc hp k thut c gii hn chu la khng nh hn EI 45.
Trong cc ga ra ngm cn s dng cc loi cp in c v bc khng lan chy.
5.3 Cc h thng k thut ca ga ra c t trong nh c chc nng khc hoc lin k
vi chng phi c lp vi cc h thng k thut ca cc to nh .
Trong trng hp t chuyn tip h thng k thut chung i qua cc phng ca
ga ra trong nh cha ga ra, th cc h thng k thut nu trn (ngoi tr cc ng ng
cp nc, thot nc, cp nhit c lm bng ng kim loi) phi c cch ly bng
cc kt cu xy dng c gii hn chu la khng nh hn EI 45.
ng ng cp nc
5.4 S lng vi v lng nc ti thiu cho mt vi cha chy bn trong cc ga ra
dng kn cn ly nh sau:
- Khi th tch khoang chy t 500 5000 m3: 2 vi v 2,5 l/s cho mt vi;
- Khi th tch khoang chy ln hn 5000 m3 : 2 vi v 5 l/s cho mt vi.

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Cho php khng t ng ng cp nc cu ho bn trong cc nh ga ra
mt v hai tng dng ngn c li ra ngoi tri trc tip t tng ngn.
5.5 Trong cc ga ra dng h, k c ga ra c kh v ga ra h trn mi nh th h thng
cp nc cu ho bn trong cn c lm bng cc ng kh vi cc on ng ch
nh ra ngoi ng knh 89 (77) mm, c lp van v u ni khi cn ni vi cc
thit b cu ho c ng.
5.6 Trong cc ga ra ngm c 2 tng hm tr ln, ng ng nc cu ha bn trong
cn t ring bit vi cc h thng cp nc bn trong khc.
5.7 Trong cc ga ra ngm c 2 tng hm tr ln, ng ng nc cu ho bn trong v
cc thit b cha chy t ng phi c cc on ng nh ra ngoi vi cc u ni c
lp cc van v van ngc chiu khi cn ni vi cc thit b cu ho c ng.
5.8 Lng nc tiu th tnh ton cho vic cha chy bn ngoi ca cc ta nh ga ra
trn mt t dng kn v dng h ly theo Bng 7.
Lng nc tiu th tnh ton cho vic cha chy bn ngoi ca cc dng ga ra
khc ly nh sau:
- Ga ra ngm 2 tng tr ln: 20 l/s.
- Cc ga ra dng ngn c li ra ngoi tri trc tip t tng ngn vi s lng cc
ngn t 50 n 200: 5 l/s, ln hn 200: 10 l/s.
- Ga ra c kh: 10 l/s.
- Bi gi xe h vi s lng xe n 200: 5 l/s, ln hn 200: 10 l/s.

Bng 7.

Lng nc tiu th cho vic cha chy bn

ngoi nh ga ra cho mt m chy, l/s, vi khi
Bc chu Nhm nguy
tch ca nh (khoang chy), nghn m3
la ca him chy kt
nh cu ca nh
Ti Cao hn Cao hn Cao hn

5 5 n 20 20 n 50 50

I, II, III S0, S1 10 15 20 30

IV S0, S1 10 15 20

S2, S3 20 25

V Khng quy nh 20

5.9 Trn mng cp gia cc bm cu ho v mng li ng ng nc cu ho phi

lp cc van ngc chiu.

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Thng gi v bo v chng khi

5.10 Trong cc ga ra dng h ti cc gian phng lu gi xe phi c thng gi cp - ht
lm long v y ra ngoi cc kh thi c hi theo tnh ton ca tiu chun la chn
p dng.
Trong cc ga ra trn mt t dng kn, vic cp gi bng c kh ch cn thc hin
cho cc vng xa l ca tng ngoi trn 18 m.
Trong cc ga ra ngm cc h thng thng gi cn c tch ring cho tng tng.

5.11 Trong cc ga ra dng kn cn lp t cc thit b o nng kh CO v cc u

bo tn hiu kim tra kh CO tng ng t trong phng c nhn vin trc sut ngy
m.

5.12 Trong cc ng ng dn kh ra ngoi, ti cc ni chng ct qua cc vch ngn

chy, cn lp cc van chn la m trng thi bnh thng.
Cc ng ng dn kh chuyn tip, nm ngoi phm vi ca tng cn phc v
hoc ca phng c ngn bng cc vch ngn chy, phi c gii hn chu la khng
nh hn EI 30.

5.13 Cn t h thng thng gi chng khi y sn phm chy ra khi tng b chy:
a) T cc gian phng lu gi xe;
b) T cc ng dc cch ly.

5.14 Vic y khi cn c tin hnh qua cc ging ht vi cc u ht kh nhn to.

Cho php thot khi t nhin qua ca s v ca tri c trang b c cu c kh
m thong phn trn ca ca s t mc 2,2 m tr ln (k t mt sn n mp
di ca thong) v m cc l ca tri. Trong trng hp ny, tng din tch ca
cc l ca m c xc nh theo tnh ton nhng khng c nh hn 0,2 % din tch
phng, cn khong cch t cc ca s n im xa nht trong phng khng c vt
qu 18 m.
Cc ga ra t, xy trong nh c chc nng khc, khng c y khi qua cc
l ca m.
Trong cc ga ra 2 tng tr xung trn mt t v trong cc ga ra 1 tng ngm
cho php t cc ging ht t nhin.
Trong cc ga ra vi cc ng dc cch ly, ti cc ging ht trn mi tng, phi
c cc van khi.
Lng khi thot yu cu, s lng ging v s cc van khi c xc nh theo
tnh ton.
Trong cc ga ra ngm cho php ni cc vng khi c din tch khng qu 900 m2
tng tng hm ti mt ging khi.

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Vic thot khi t cc ng dc trong cc ga ra trn mt t c php thc
hin thng qua cc l trong cc tng bao ngoi v trn mi.

5.15 Cc lng cu thang b v cc ging thang my ca cc ga ra phi c cp khng

kh c p khi chy hoc c khoang m loi 1 c cp khng kh c p khi chy trn
tt c cc tng:
a) gara hai tng hm tr ln;
b) Khi cc lng cu thang v thang my c ni vi cc phn ngm v phn trn
mt t ca ga ra;
c) Khi cc lng cu thang b v thang my c ni ga ra vi cc tng trn mt t
ca nh c chc nng khc.

5.16 Khi chy, thng gi trao i chung cn m bo c ngt.

Trnh t (th t) m h thng bo v chng khi cn c thc hin trc khi
m h thng thng gi ht (trc khi cp).

5.17 Vic iu khin cc h thng bo v chng khi cn c thc hin t ng - t

cc tn hiu bo chy, cn i vi iu khin t xa - t bng iu khin t ng, t cc
nt bm hoc thit b c kh dng tay c t li vo tng ca ga ra hoc ti cc
chiu ti ca thang b trn cc tng (trong cc t phng ho).

5.18 Cc b phn ca cc h thng bo v chng khi (qut thng gi, cc ging,

ng ng gi, cc van, cc thit b ht khi v.v) phi ph hp tiu chun la chn p
dng.
Trong cc h thng thng gi chng khi ht cc van chng chy (k c van
khi) phi c sc cn thm thu kh khi khng nh hn 8000 KG-1.m-1 cho 1 m2 din
tch tit din i qua.

5.19 Khi xc nh cc thng s c bn ca thng gi chng khi cp - ht cn phi tnh

ton n cc d liu u vo sau y:
- S xut hin m chy (s bng chy ca 1 t hoc chy ti mt trong nhng
gian ph tr theo 4.3) cc ga ra trn mt t ti tng in hnh pha di, cn ga
ra ngm ti cc tng in hnh trn v di;
- Cc c trng hnh hc ca tng in hnh din tch s dng, nng lc tip
nhn, din tch cc kt cu bao che;
- Ti trng chy ring;
- V tr cc l ca ca cc li thot him (c m t tng chy n li ra bn
ngoi);
- Cc thng s khng kh bn ngoi.

Cc thit b in
5.20 Cc trang thit b k thut in ca cc ga ra phi tun theo cc yu cu qui nh
v lp t thit b in.

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 QCVN 08 : 2009/BXD
5.21 tin cy cp in cho cc h tiu th in ca cc ga ra c ly theo cc hng
sau:
i vi hng 1: cc trang thit b in dng bo v chng chy, k c pht
hin v cha chy t ng, bo v chng khi, thang my vn chuyn lc lng
cha chy, cc h thng bo chy, cng nh cc h thng kim sot t ng mi
trng khng kh trong cc gian phng lu gi t chy bng kh nn v kh ha lng;
i vi hng 2: cc ng cp in cho cc thang my v cc thit b c kh
khc vn chuyn t;
Cc ng cp in cho cc c cu m cng khng dng tay v chiu sng
thot him cho ch t, lun sn sng thot ra ngoi;
i vi hng 3: cc h tiu th in khc thuc trang thit b cng ngh ca ga
ra.
Cc cp in cp cho cc thit b chng chy phi c ni trc tip vi cc t
in u vo ca nh (cng trnh) v khng c s dng ng thi cp in ti cc
thit b dng in khc.
5.22 Chiu sng cc gian phng lu gi t phi tun theo cc yu cu ca h thng
tiu chun la chn p dng.
5.23 Cc ch dn chiu sng sau y phi c ni vi mng chiu sng thot him:
- Ca cc li ra thot him trn tng tng;
- Ca cc ng i ca t;
- Ca cc v tr t cc u ni ni vi cc thit b phng chy, cha chy;
- Ca cc v tr t cc van cha chy bn trong v cc bnh cha chy;
- Ca cc v tr lp t cc hng nc bn ngoi ( mt ngoi cng trnh).
5.24 Cc n dn hng chuyn ng phi c t ti cc ch vng xe, cc v tr thay
i dc, trn cc ng dc, trn cc li vo cc tng, cc ca ra vo trn cc
tng v vo cc lng cu thang b.
Cc ch dn hng chuyn ng c t cao 2 m v 0,5 m cch mt sn
trong phm vi nhn thng t im bt k trn cc ng thot him v ng xe chy.
5.25 Trong cc ga ra dng kn, ti cc li vo tng tng phi lp cc cm c ni vi
mng cp in hng 1 s dng cho cc thit b phng chy, cha chy.

Cha chy v pht hin chy t ng

5.26 Cc h thng pht hin v cha chy t ng c s dng trong cc ga ra t

phi tha mn cc yu cu ca h thng tiu chun la chn p dng.
5.27 Cha chy t ng trong cc gian phng cha t phi c trong cc ga ra dng
kn sau y:
a) Ga ra ngm khng ph thuc s tng;
b) Ga ra trn mt t c hai tng tr ln;

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 QCVN 08: 2009/BXD
c) Ga ra trn mt t mt tng c bc chu la bc I, II v III vi din tch 7000 m2
tr ln, bc chu la bc IV, nhm S0 c din tch 3600 m2 tr ln, bc chu la bc IV,
nhm S1 2000 m2 tr ln, bc chu la bc IV lm t vt liu khng thuc hai nhm
S2, S3 1000 m2 tr ln; khi lu gi t trong cc ngn cha ring (theo 4.40) trong
cc nh ny vi s lng ngn ln hn 5;
d) ga ra trong nh c chc nng khc;
e) trong cc gian phng lu gi t c dng vn chuyn nhin liu v cht
bi trn;
f) ga ra nm di cc cu;
g) ga ra c kh. Cho php khng b tr cha chy t ng trong cc ga ra ngm
mt tng c sc cha ti 25 ch c xy dng trn khu t trng.
5.28 Pht hin chy t ng phi c trang b cho:
a) cc ga ra trn mt t mt tng dng kn c din tch nh hn din tch nu
trong mc 5.27 c, hoc khi c s lng ngn khng qu 5;
b) Cc gian phng nu trong 4.3, tr cc khu v sinh v cc bung thng gi.
Trong cc gian phng c nhn vin trc ban ngy m cho php khng trang b
pht hin chy t ng.
5.29 Trong cc ga ra mt, hai tng dng ngn c li ra ngoi tri trc tip t tng ngn
cha, cho php khng trang b cha chy v pht hin chy t ng.
5.30 Cc ga ra trn mt t dng kn c hai tng tr ln (tr cc ga ra c li ra ngoi tri
trc tip t tng ngn cha v cc ga ra c kh) c sc cha ti 100 ch-xe phi c
trang b cc h thng bo chy loi 1, ln hn 100 ch-xe loi 2 theo Bng 8.
Cc ga ra ngm c hai tng tr ln phi c trang b cc h thng bo chy:
- Khi sc cha ti 50 ch-xe: loi 2;
- Ln hn 50 ch-xe ti 200 ch-xe: loi 3;
- Ln hn 200 ch-xe: loi 4 v 5.

6. Cc yu cu v khai thc
6.1 Cc li ra trn mi tng ca ga ra phi c cc k hiu ch dn r rng v d thy.
k hiu cc ng xe chy v cc im tiu chnh (cc li ra trn cc tng,
cc v tr t cc van cha chy, cc bnh cha chy ) cn s dng cc loi sn pht
sng v lp ph phn quang.
6.2 Cc gian phng lu gi t v cc ng dc phi c cc ch dn cm ht thuc
trong ga ra.
6.3 Cc ga ra phi c trang b cc dng c cha chy ban u tha mn cc yu cu
ca cc tiu chun c la chn p dng
6.4 Cc lp ph chng chy chuyn dng v cc loi sn thm thu trn b mt h ca
kt cu phi c phc hi nh k hoc thay th khi b hng (khng s dng c ton
b hoc mt phn) hoc ph hp vi thi hn s dng qui nh trong ti liu k thut
ca cc loi sn v lp ph ny.

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 QCVN 08 : 2009/BXD

Bng 8.
TT c trng ca cc h thng bo chy H thng bo chy loi
1 2 3 4 5
1 Cc bin php bo chy:
Tn hiu m thanh (chung, ci h....) + + * * *
Ging ni (bng ghi m v truyn thanh) + + +
n hiu
nhp nhy * *
n hiu li ra * + + + +
n hiu dn hng chuyn ng * * + +
n hiu dn hng chuyn ng cho tng vng * * * +

2 Lin lc vng bo chy vi b phn iu * + +

3 Trnh t bo chy:
Tt c ng thi * +
Ch trong mt gian phng (trong mt phn ca nh) * * *
trc tin ca nhn vin phc v, sau ca tt c * + + +
theo trnh t c thit lp ring

4 T ng ha hon ton vic iu khin h thng bo +

chy v kh nng thc hin tp hp cc phng n t
chc thot him t tng vng bo chy

GHI CH: '+' - cn thit; '*' - khuyn co; '-' - khng yu cu.

6.5 Khng cho php ci to hoc s dng cc ngn cha t ring lm cc gian
phc v cng tc sa cha.
6.6 Kh nng lm vic ca cc h thng k thut bo v chng chy (cc van v hng
nc cha chy, cc trm bm cha chy, thit b pht hin chy, cc h thng bo v
chng khi, bo chy, cc thit b ng li ra thot him) phi c kim tra khng t
hn mt ln trong mt nm v lp cc bin bn tng ng c s tham gia ca i din
c quan qun l phng chy, cha chy.

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 QCVN 08: 2009/BXD
Ph lc A
Quy nh v kch thc b tr ga ra
A.1 Kch thc khu t ca cc ga ra xe con ty thuc vo s tng c ly nh sau,
m2 cho mt mt ch-xe:
i vi cc ga ra:
- Mt tng: 30 m2/ch xe
- Hai tng: 20 m2/ch xe
- Ba tng: 14 m2/ch xe
- Bn tng: 12 m2/ch xe
- Nm tng: 10 m2/ch xe
- Ga ra trn mt t: 25 m2/ch xe

A.2 Khong cch ti thiu t cc li ra vo ca cc ga ra ti nt giao ct ca ng trc

chnh 50 m; ti ng ni b - 20 m; ti cc im dng xe ca cc phng tin giao
thng ch khch - 30 m.
Cc li xe ra vo ca ga ra ngm cha xe con phi cch cc ca s ca cc nh
, cc gian phng lm vic ca cc nh cng cng v cc khu t ca cc trng hc,
nh tr v cc c quan y t c lm theo Bng A.1.

Bng A.1.
Nh (cng trnh) Khong cch, m

t cc ga ra v bi xe h c sc t cc trm phc v
cha k thut c sc cha

T 10 1150 51100 101300 T 10 ch tr 1130

ch tr xung
ch ch ch ch
xung

Nh - Ca s 10** 15 25 35 15 25

Nh - mp nh 10** 10** 15 25 15 25
khng c ca s

Nh cng cng 10** 10** 15 25 15 20

phng lm vic

Cc trng hc, nh 15 25 25 50 50 *
tr

Cc c quan y t c 25 50 * * 50 *
phng iu dng

* c xc nh theo tha thun vi cc c quan qun l nh nc v v sinh dch

t;
** i vi cc nh ga ra c bc chu la bc III V, th cc khong cch ly khng

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 QCVN 08 : 2009/BXD
nh hn 12 m.
GHI CH:
1. Khong cch c tnh t cc ca s ca nh , nh cng cng v t cc ng gianh gii khu t
ca cc trng hc, nh tr v c quan y t n tng ca cc ga ra hoc ng gianh gii ca bi xe
h.
2. Khong cch t cc blc nh ti cc bi xe h c sc cha t 101 n 300 xe t theo chiu dc
nh ly khng nh hn 50 m.
3. i vi cc ga ra c bc chu la bc I II th cc khong cch nu trong Bng A.1, c php gim
xung 25% khi trong cc ga ra khng c cc ca s m c hoc khi cc li vo ca ga ra pha cc
nh , nh cng cng.
4. Cc ga ra v cc bi xe h lu gi xe con c sc cha hn 300 xe v cc trm phc v k thut c
sc cha hn 30 ch phi b tr ngoi cc vng dn c trn khong cch khng nh hn 50 m cch cc
nh .
5. i vi cc ga ra c sc cha ln hn 10 xe nu trong Bng A.1, th cc khong cch cho php ly
theo ni suy.
6. Trong cc ga ra mt tng dng ngn thuc s hu ca cng dn, cho php c cc ng chy .

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 QCVN 08: 2009/BXD
PH LC B
Phn loi k thut v chy
B.1 Phn loi vt liu xy dng theo cc tnh cht chy
B.1.1 Vt liu xy dng c phn thnh vt liu chy v vt liu khng chy theo cc
tr s ca cc thng s chy th nghim nh sau:
a) Vt liu khng chy, khi ng thi:
- tng nhit ca l t khng qu 50oC;
- khi lng mu b gim khng qu 50%;
- thi gian ko di ca ngn la khng qu 10 giy.
b) Vt liu chy l vt liu khi th nghim, khng tha mn mt trong 3 yu t trn
CH THCH: Cc thng s th nghim c xc nh theo tiu chun TCXDVN 331:2004 (EN ISO 1182)
OCT 30244-94 Th nghim tnh khng chy ca vt liu xy dng hoc tng ng.

B.1.2 Vt liu chy, c phn thnh 4 nhm theo cc tr s ca cc thng s chy th

nghim nh sau:

Bng B. 1 - Phn nhm vt liu chy theo tnh chy

Nhm chy Cc thng s chy

ca vt liu
Nhit kh Mc h Mc h Khong thi
trong ng hng theo hng theo gian chy ca
thot khi (T) chiu di mu khi lng mu
[oC] (L) mu (m) [giy]
[%] [%]
G1 - Chy yu 135 65 20 0
G2 - Chy va 235 85 50 30
G3 - Chy bnh 450 > 85 50 300
thng
G4 - Chy > 450 > 85 > 50 > 300
mnh
CH THCH: Cc thng s th nghim c xc nh theo tiu chun GOST 30244-94 - Phng php II Vt liu
xy dng. Phng php th tnh chy hoc tng ng.

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 QCVN 08 : 2009/BXD
B.1.3 Vt liu chy, c phn thnh 3 nhm theo tnh bt chy, vi cc thng s chy
th nghim nh sau:
Bng B. 2 - Phn nhm vt liu chy theo tnh bt chy

Nhm bt chy ca vt liu Cng thng lng nhit b mt ti

hn [kW/m2]

1 2
V1 - kh bt chy 35,0
V2 - bt chy va phi ln hn hoc bng 20,0 v nh hn 35,0
V1 - d bt chy < 20,0
CH THCH: Cc thng s th nghim c xc nh theo tiu chun GOST 30402-96 (ISO 5657-86) Vt liu xy
dng. Phng php th tnh bt chy hoc tng ng.

B.1.4 Vt liu chy, c phn thnh 4 nhm theo tnh lan truyn la trn b mt, vi
cc thng s chy th nghim nh sau:

Bng B. 3 - Phn nhm vt liu chy theo tnh lan truyn la trn b mt

Nhm lan truyn la trn b mt ca Cng thng lng nhit b mt ti

vt liu hn [kW/m2]
RP1 - khng lan truyn 11,0
RP2 - lan truyn yu Ln hn hoc bng 8,0 v nh hn 11,0
RP3 - lan truyn va phi Ln hn hoc bng 5,0 v nh hn 8,0
RP4 - lan truyn mnh < 5,0
CH THCH: Cc thng s th nghim c xc nh theo tiu chun GOST 30444-97 (ISO 9239-2) Vt liu xy
dng. Phng php th tnh lan truyn la hoc tng ng.

B.1.5 Vt liu chy, c phn thnh 3 nhm theo kh nng sinh khi, vi cc thng s
th nghim nh sau:
Bng B. 4 - Phn nhm vt liu chy theo kh nng sinh khi

Nhm theo kh nng sinh khi ca vt Tr s h s sinh khi ca vt liu [m2/kG]

liu
D1 - kh nng sinh khi thp 50
D2 - kh nng sinh khi va phi Ln hn 50 v nh hn hoc bng 500
D3 - kh nng sinh khi cao > 500
CH THCH: Cc thng s th nghim c xc nh theo tiu chun GOST 12.1.044 Tnh nguy him chy n ca
cc cht v vt liu. Danh mc ch tiu v phng php xc nh hoc tng ng.

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 QCVN 08: 2009/BXD
B.1.6 Vt liu chy, c phn thnh 4 nhm theo c tnh, vi ch s c tnh HCL50
ca sn phm chy nh sau:
Bng B. 5 - Phn nhm vt liu chy theo c tnh

Nhm theo c tnh Ch s HCL50 [g/m3], tng ng vi thi gian l

ca vt liu
5 pht 15 pht 30 pht 60 pht

1 2 3 4 5

T4 - c tnh c bit 25 47 13 10
cao

T3 - c tnh cao 25 n 70 47 n 50 13 n 40 10 n 30

T2 - c tnh va phi 70 n 210 50 n 150 40 n 120 30 n 90

T1 - c tnh thp > 210 > 150 > 120 > 90

CH THCH: Cc thng s th nghim v tnh ton ch tiu H CL50 c thc hin theo tiu chun GOST
12.1.044044 Tnh nguy him chy n ca cc cht v vt liu. Danh mc ch tiu v phng php
xc nh hoc tng ng.

B.2 G ii hn chu la ca cu kin xy dng

B.2.1 Gii hn chu la ca cu kin xy dng c xc nh bng khong thi gian
chu la (tnh theo pht), xut hin mt hoc mt s cc du hiu biu hin trng thi
gii hn quy nh cho cu kin :
- R: Mt kh nng chu lc;
- E: Mt tnh ton vn;
- I: Mt tnh cch nhit.
B.2.2 Gii hn chu la ca cu kin xy dng c xc nh thng qua th nghim
theo cc tiu chun quy nh v c k hiu bng REI, EI, RE hoc R.
V d: cu kin c yu cu chu la REI 120 ngha l cu kin phi duy tr
c ng thi c ba kh nng: chu lc, ton vn v cch nhit trong khong thi gian
120 pht; Cu kin c yu cu c gii hn chu la R 120, th cu kin ch phi duy
tr kh nng chu lc trong thi gian 120 pht, khng yu cu cch nhit v ton vn.
B.3 Phn nhm cu kin xy dng theo tnh nguy him chy: Theo Bng B.6
B.4 Phn loi cc b phn ngn chy
B.4.1 Cc b phn ngn chy dng ngn cn la v cc sn phm chy (nhit, khi,
kh c) lan truyn t mt khng gian c m chy sang mt khng gian khc.

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 QCVN 08 : 2009/BXD
Cc b phn ngn chy bao gm tng ngn chy, sn ngn chy, v vch ngn
chy.
B.4.2 Cc b phn ngn chy c c trng bng kh nng chu la v tnh nguy
him chy.
B.4.3 Ty thuc vo gii hn chu la ca phn bao bc ca b phn ngn chy, b
phn ngn chy c phn thnh cc loi theo Bng B.7. Cc tm ca i, ca sp, ca
np, ca s, van chn, mn chn bt cc l thng trn b phn ngn chy c phn
thnh cc loi nh trong Bng B.8.
Bng B. 6 - Phn nhm nguy him chy ca cu kin xy dng

Nhm Kch thc h hng cho Xut hin Cc c trng nguy him
nguy php ca kt cu (cm) chy ca vt liu b mt
him
chy ca Nhm theo c tnh
cu kin
xy Kt cu Kt cu Hiu Chy Chy Bt Sinh
dng ng ngang ng chy khi
nhit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
K0 0 0 KCP KCP --- --- ---
K1 40 25 KCP KCP KQ KQ KQ
40 25 KQ KCP G2 V2 D2
K2 Ln hn 40 Ln hn 25 KCP KCP KQ KQ KQ
v nh hn v nh hn
hoc bng hoc bng
80 50
Ln hn 40 Ln hn 35 KQ KCP G3 V3 D2
v nh hn v nh hn
hoc bng hoc bng
80 50
K3 Khng quy nh
CH THCH: Xc nh kch thc h hng v s xut hin chy theo tiu chun GOST 30403-96 Kt cu xy
dng. Phng php xc nh nguy him chy hoc tng ng.
- KCP: Khng cho php
- KQ: Khng quy nh
- Cho php khng cn th nghim xc nh cp nguy him chy ca kt cu nh sau:
+ c xp vo cp K0, nu kt cu c ch to ch t vt liu khng chy;
+ c xp vo cp K3, nu kt cu c ch to ch t vt liu nhm chy G4;

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 QCVN 08: 2009/BXD
Bng B.7 Phn loi b phn ngn chy
Gii hn chu Loi tm ngn
la ca b phn bt cc l thng
Tn b phn
ngn chy, trn b phn
ngn chy Loi
khng thp hn ngn chy,
khng thp hn
1 REI 150 1
Tng ngn chy
2 REI 45 2
1 EI 45 2
Vch ngn chy
2 EI 15 3
1 REI 150 1
2 REI 60 2
Sn ngn chy
3 REI 45 2
4 REI 15 3
GHI CH:
Kh nng chu la ca b phn ngn chy c xc nh bng kh nng chu la ca cc b
phn cu thnh ca n; l:
Phn bao bc ca b phn ngn chy;
Cc cu kin gi n nh cho b phn ngn chy;
Cc cu kin m b phn ngn chy ta ln;
Cc lin kt gia cc b phn cu thnh ca b phn ngn chy.

Bng B.8 - Phn loi b phn bt kn cc l thng trn b phn ngn chy

Cc b phn bt kn cc l Loi Gii hn chu la,

thng trn b phn ngn chy khng thp hn

1 EI 60
Ca i, ca sp, ca np, van
2 EI 30
chn
3 EI 15

1 E 60

Ca s 2 E 30

3 E 15

Mn chn 1 EI 60

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 QCVN 08 : 2009/BXD
B.4.4. Cc khoang m c phn thnh cc loi nh Bng B.9.

Bng B.9 - Phn loi phng m

Loi cc b phn cu thnh ca phng m, khng thp

hn
Loi phng m
Vch ngn Sn Tm bt l thng

1 1 3 2

2 2 4 3

B.5 Phn loi nh (cng trnh) theo bc chu la

B.5.1 Khoang chy: Nh (cng trnh) hoc mt phn ca chng c ngn cch vi nh
(cng trnh) hoc b phn khc bng cc tng ngn chy loi 1 gi l khoang chy.
B.5.2 Nh (cng trnh) hoc mt khoang chy c phn loi thnh cc bc chu la:
Theo Bng B.10.
Bng B.10

Gii hn chu la ca cc cu kin xy dng ca nh (cng trnh),

khng thp hn

Sn Cc b phn ca
Bc Bung cu thang
phn mi khng c
chu la b
Cc Tng chia cc tng p mi
ca nh
cu ngoi tng nh
(cng
kin khng (k c
trnh) Bn
chu chu tng p Dn,
Cc Tng thang
lc lc mi v dm x
tm lt trong chiu
tng g
ngh
hm)

I R120 E30 REI 60 RE 30 R30 REI 120 R60

II R90 E15 REI 45 RE 15 R15 REI 90 R60

III R45 E15 REI 45 RE 15 R15 REI 60 R45

IV R15 E15 REI 15 RE 15 R15 REI 45 R15

V Khng quy nh

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 QCVN 08: 2009/BXD

B.6 Phn loi nh theo tnh nguy him chy kt cu: Theo Bng B.11
Bng B.11

Nhm nguy Nhm nguy him chy ca cu kin xy dng, khng nh hn

him chy
v kt cu Cc thanh Tng Tng, Tng ca Bn thang
ca nh chu lc ngoi t vch ngn, bung v chiu
(ct, xn pha ngoi sn v mi thang b thang trong
dm ...) khng c v b phn bung
tng p mi ngn chy thang b

S0 K0 K0 K0 K0 K0

S1 K1 K2 K1 K0 K0

S2 K3 K3 K2 K1 K1

S3 Khng quy nh K1 K3

B.7 Phn hng sn xut theo tnh nguy him chy v chy n
Nh v cc khng gian dng cho sn xut v kho cha c phn hng sn xut
theo tnh nguy him chy v chy n ca cc cht v vt liu cha trong chng nh
Bng B.12.
Bng B.12 - Phn hng nguy him chy v chy n i vi nh v gian phng

Hng nguy him c tnh ca cc cht v vt liu c (hnh thnh) trong nh,
chy ca nh gian phng
A - C cc cht kh chy, cht lng d bc chy c nhit bng
Nguy him chy n chy khng ln hn 28 C, vi khi lng c th to thnh hn
o

hp kh - hi nguy him n, khi bc chy to ra p sut n d tnh

ton trong gian phng vt qu 5 kPa. Formatted: Vietnamese

- C cc cht v vt liu c kh nng n v chy khi tc dng vi

nc, vi xy trong khng kh hoc tc dng vi nhau, vi khi
lng p sut n d tnh ton trong gian phng vt qu 5 Formatted: Vietnamese

kPa.

B - C cc cht bi hoc si chy, cht lng d bc chy, c nhit

Nguy him chy n bng chy ln hn 28 C, cc cht lng chy, c khi lng c
o

th to thnh hn hp kh - bi hoc kh - hi nguy him n, khi

bc chy to ra p sut n d tnh ton trong gian phng vt
qu 5 kPa. Formatted: Vietnamese

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 QCVN 08 : 2009/BXD
Bng B.12 (Tip theo)

Hng nguy him c tnh ca cc cht v vt liu c (hnh thnh) trong nh,
chy ca nh gian phng
C1 n C4 - C cc cht lng chy hoc kh chy, cc cht v vt liu chy
Nguy him chy v kh chy th rn (k c bi v si). Cc cht v vt liu khi
tc dng vi nc, vi xy trong khng kh hoc tc dng vi
nhau c kh nng chy, nhng vi iu kin gian phng c cc
cht v vt liu ny khng thuc cc hng A hoc B
- Vic chia gian phng thnh cc hng C1 n C4 theo tr s ti
trng chy ring ca cc cht cha trong nh sau:
C1 - C ti trng chy ring ln hn 2200 MJ/m2
C2 - C ti trng chy ring t 1401 MJ/m2 n 2200 MJ/m2
C3 - C ti trng chy ring t 181 MJ/m2 n 1400 MJ/m2
C2 - C ti trng chy ring t 1 MJ/m2 n 180 MJ/m2
D C cc cht v vt liu khng chy trng thi nng, nng
hoc nng chy, m qu trnh gia cng c km theo s pht sinh
bc x nhit, tia la v ngn la; Cc cht rn, lng, kh chy
c s dng lm nhin liu.
E Cc cht v vt liu khng chy trng thi ngui

B.8 Phn nhm nh theo tnh nguy him chy v chc nng s dng nh Bng B.13.

Bng B.13 - Phn loi nh theo tnh nguy him chy v chc nng s dng

Nhm Chc nng s dng ca cng trnh

F 1 Nh c ngi thng xuyn hoc tm thi (trong c c sut

ngy m)

F 1.1 Nh tr, mu gio, nh chuyn dng cho ngi cao tui v ngi khuyt
tt (khng phi nh cn h), bnh vin, khi nh ng ca cc trng ni tr
v ca cc c s cho tr em

F 1.2 Khch sn, k tc x, khi nh ng ca cc c s iu dng v nh ngh

dng chung, khu cm tri, nh tr v nh an dng

F 1.3 Nh chung c nhiu cn h

F 1.4 Nh ring l, trong gm c cc nh theo dy

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QCVN 08: 2009/BXD
Bng B.13 - (Tip theo)

Nhm Chc nng s dng ca cng trnh

F 1 Nh c ngi thng xuyn hoc tm thi (trong c c sut

ngy m)

F 1.1 Nh tr, mu gio, nh chuyn dng cho ngi cao tui v ngi khuyt
tt (khng phi nh cn h), bnh vin, khi nh ng ca cc trng ni tr
v ca cc c s cho tr em

F 1.2 Khch sn, k tc x, khi nh ng ca cc c s iu dng v nh ngh

dng chung, khu cm tri, nh tr v nh an dng

F 1.3 Nh chung c nhiu cn h

F 1.4 Nh ring l, trong gm c cc nh theo dy

F 2 Cc cng trnh vn ho th thao i chng

F2.1 Nh ht, rp chiu phim, phng ho nhc, cu lc b, rp xic, cc cng

trnh th thao c khn i, th vin v cc cng trnh khc c s lng ch
ngi tnh ton cho khch trong cc gian phng kn;

F 2.2 Bo tng, trin lm, phng nhy v cc c s tng t khc trong cc gian
phng kn

F 2.3 Cc c s c cp mc F2.1 h ra ngoi tri

F 2.4 Cc c s c cp mc F2.2 h ra ngoi tri

F 3 Cc c s dch v dn c

F 3.1 C s bn hng

F 3.2 C s n ung cng cng

F 3.3 Nh ga

F 3.4 Phng khm cha bnh a khoa v cp cu

F 3.5 Cc gian phng cho khch ca cc c s dch v i sng v cng cng

c s lng ch ngi cho khch khng c tnh ton (bu in, qu tit
kim, phng v, vn phng t vn lut, vn phng cng chng, ca hng
git l, nh may, sa cha giy v qun o, ca hng ct tc, c s phc
v l tang, c s tn gio v cc c s tng t)

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 QCVN 08 : 2009/BXD
Bng B.13 - (Tip theo)

F 3.6 Cc khu lin hp rn luyn th cht v cc khu tp luyn th thao khng c

khn i, cc khng gian dch v, nh tm hi

F 4 Cc trng hc, t chc khoa hc v thit k, c quan qun l

F 4.1 Cc trng ph thng, c s o to ngoi trng ph thng, trng trung

hc chuyn nghip, trng k thut dy ngh

F 4.2 Cc trng i hc, trng bi dng nng cao nghip v

F 4.3 Cc c s ca cc c quan qun l, t chc thit k, t chc thng tin v

nh xut bn, t chc nghin cu khoa hc, ngn hng, c quan, vn
phng

F 4.4 Cc trm cha chy

F 5 Cc nh sn xut v nh kho, cc cng trnh v cc gian phng vi cng

nng tng t

F 5.1 Cc nh v cng trnh sn xut, gian phng sn xut v th nghim, nh

xng

F 5.2 Cc nh v cng trnh kho, bi xe t khng c dch v k thut v sa

cha, kho cha sch, kho lu tr, cc gian phng kho

F 5.3 Cc nh phc v nng nghip

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 QCVN 08: 2009/BXD
Mc lc

1. Phm vi p dng 3
2. Gii thch t ng 3
3. B tr ga ra t 3
4. Cc gii php qui hoch khng gian v kt cu 5
Yu cu chung 5
Ga ra ngm cha xe con 10
Ga ra trn mt t dng h cha xe con 12
Ga ra c kh cha xe con 13
5. Cc h thng k thut 13
Cc yu cu chung 13
ng ng cp nc 13
Thng gi v bo v chng khi 15
Cc thit b in 16
Cha chy v pht hin chy t ng 17
6. Cc yu cu v khai thc 18
Ph lc A. Quy nh v kch thc b tr ga ra 20
Ph lc B. Phn loi k thut v an ton chy 22
Mc lc 32

32