CHAPTER-4

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

RESULTS FOR GGBS

NORMAL CONSISTENCY FOR GGBS

Tabulations:

SI. Quantity of water Readings on the Penetration from

No added Vicat scale in mm bottom of mould
In % In ml Initial Final

1 27 81 50 28 28

2 28 84 50 22 16

3 29 87 50 11 11

4 30 90 50 5 5

Result:
The percentage by weight of water with respect to GGBS to produce
standard consistency is = 30%
Normal consistency of cement = 30 %
Initial Setting Time and Final setting Time

Weight of cement taken = 300 gms.

Weight of water taken = 0.85 P X weight of cement taken in gms.
Where P is the normal consistency
TRIAL NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Penetration time(mins) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Initial reading 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

Final reading 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5

Penetration 50 50 50 49 48 47 46 45

Initial setting time in hours = 35 mins

Result:

Initial setting time for the given GGBS sample = 35 mins

Final setting time for given GGBSt sample =7 hours

SPECIFIC GRAVITY FOR GGBS

Tabulations:

S.No Initial reading Final reading Volume of cement Specifi Gravity

(V) W
G
V

calculations:
Average Sp.Gravity =

Results:
 Specific Gravity of GGBS =

SOUNDNESS FOR GGBS

Observations and Calculations:

Type of Cement : GGBS

Normal Consistency, P = 30%

Water required for soundness test = 0.78XP

Initial distance = 0 mm

Final distance = 1 mm

Expansion of Cement = 1 mm

Results:
Soundness of cement = 1 mm

RESULTS FOR FINE AGGREGRATES

Bulking of Sand:

S.No Volume of dry %moisture content Volume of wet %bulking

loose sand loose sand (V2-V1)/(V1)

1 500 4% 560 12%

2 500 8% 590 18%
3 500 12% 575 15%
4 500 16% 550 10%
 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:

%
Aperture Wt of Cumulative
IS Sieve wt. %passing
No. size in soils % Wt.
No. Retaine through
mm retained retained
d
1. 4.75 4.75 26 1.3 1.3 98.7
2. 2.36 2.36 57 2.85 4.15 95.85
3. 1.18 1.18 85 17 21 79
4. 600 0.600 490 24.5 42.5 54.8
microns
5. 300 0.320 662 33.1 78.3 21.7
microns
6. 150 0.150 342 17.2 95.3 4.5
microns
7. 75 microns 0.075 49 2.45 97.95 2.05

8. Pan - 54 2.7 100 0

1. Uniformity co efficient Cu =2.978

2. Coefficient of curvature Cc =0.744
3.Percentage of gravel =1.3%
4. Percentage of coarse sand =0.7%
5. Percentage of medium sand =24.5%
6. Percentage of fine sand =17.2%
7. Percentage of silt and sand =0%
8. Fineness modulus = Total cumulative retained/100 = 242/100=2.42

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF FINE AGGREGATE

Observations:

Weight of empty container W1= 625 grms

Weight of container with material W2 = 1630 grms
Weight of container + material + water W3 = 2105 grms
Weight of container + water W4 = 1490 grms
Calculations:
Specific gravity = W2 - W1 / ((W4 - W1) - (W3 - W2)) = (1630-625)/ (1490-625) -(2105-1630)
= 2.58
Result:
Specific gravity = W2 - W1 / ((W4 - W1) - (W3 - W2)) = 2.58
RESULTS FOR CEMENT:

NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF FINENESS OF CEMENT

Tabulations:

SI.No Quantity of water Readings on the Penetration from

added Vicat scale in mm bottom of mould
In % In ml Initial Final

1 25 75 50 31 31

2 26 78 50 16 16

3 27 81 50 10 10

4 28 84 50 5 5

Result:
The percentage by weight of water with respect to cement to produce
standard consistency is = 28 %
 INITIAL SETTING TIME OF CEMENT

find the percentage of water corresponding to depth of 5 to 7 mm not

penetrated.

SI.No Quantity of water Readings on the Penetration from

added Vicat scale in mm bottom of mould
In % In ml Initial Final
1 25 75 50 31 31
2 26 78 50 16 16
3 27 81 50 10 10
4 28 84 50 5 5

Normal consistency of cement = 28 %

* Initial reading is the indicator reading when the lower end of the plunger
touches the bottom non porous plate.

Initial Setting Time

Weight of cement taken = 300 gms.

Weight of water taken = 0.85 P X weight of cement taken in gms.

Where P is the normal consistency

TRIAL NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Penetration time(mins) 0 5 10 15 20 25 28 32

Intial reading 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

Final reading 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5

Penetration 50 50 50 49 48 47 46 45

Initial setting time in hours = 32 mins

Result:

Initial setting time for the given cement sample = 32 mins

Final setting time for the given cement sample =10 hours

SOUNDNESS OF CEMENT
Observations and Calculations:

Type of Cement : OPC 53 grade

Normal Consistency, P = 28%

Water required for soundness test = 0.78XP

Initial distance = 0 mm

Final distance = 3 mm

Expansion of Cement = 3 mm

Results:
Soundness of cement = 3 mm

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT

Tabulations:
S.No Initial reading Final reading Volume of cement Specifi Gravity
(V) W
G
V

calculations:

Average Sp.Gravity =

Results:

Specific Gravity of cement =

RESULTS FOR COARSE AGGREGATE

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF COARSE AGGREGATE

Observations:

Weight of empty container W1 = 625 grams

Weight of container with material W2 = 1700 grms
Weight of container + material + water W3 = 2140grms
Weight of container + water W4 = 1490 grms
Calculations:

Specific gravity = W2 - W1 / ((W4 - W1) - (W3 - W2))=(1700-625)/(1490-625)-

(2140-1700)
= 2.654
Result:
Specific gravity = W2 - W1 / ((W4 - W1) - (W3 - W2)) = 2.654

CUSHING VALUE OF COARSE AGGREGATES

Sample

Total weight of dry sample taken=(A) gm

2835
Weight of portion passing 2.36 mm
sieve=(B) gm
845
Aggregate crushing = (A/B) *100
Value (per cent)
29.80%

B
Aggregate Crushing Value= A

Flakiness of coarse aggregates

Sieve sizes
Passing Retained on IS Number of aggregates
through IS sieve passing
sieve
63 50 9
50 40 6
40 31.5 5
31.5 25 7
25 20 24
20 16 20
16 12.5 19
12.5 10 10
10 6.3 2
 w
Flakiness index = 100 %
W

Where,
w the weights of material passing the various thickness gauges
Wthe total weights of aggregate passing and retained on the specified sieves.

2450
Flakiness index = 3200 =76.54%

Elongation of coarse aggregates

Sieve sizes
Aggregates passing Aggregates retained on IS Number of aggregates retained
through IS sieve sieve
63 50 9
50 40 5
40 31.5 7
31.5 25 8
25 20 28
20 16 20
16 12.5 18
12.5 10 7
10 6.3 2

x
Elongation index= W 1325/3600 =36.80%

Where
x the weight of materials retained on specified gauges
W the total weights of aggregate passing and retained on the
specified sieves

Water Absorption of Coarse Aggreg ates:

S.No Particulars Trail number

1 2

1 Weight of saturated aggregates (W1) 2200 2260

 2 Weight of oven dried aggregates (W2) 1025 1048

3 Water absorption(W1-W2/W2)*100% 1.146 1.156

The average water absorption of coarse aggregates is 1.151

TEST ON GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE

WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE
BY SLUMP TEST
Observations:
Height of mould =300mm
Height of subsided concrete ,x = mm
Slump of concrete , y = (300-x) = mm
Result:
Slump of concrete = mm

Compaction Factor:

Volume of concrete V= 4948m3

S.No. Weight of Compaction Value Compaction Factor

Factor =W1/V/W2/V

1 Weight of partially
compacted=W1

2 Weight of fully
compacted=W2