Analysis of Past Year Questions Population Geography

Birth and Mortality

A Level08 With the help of examples, define the terms epidemic and pandemic and explain briefly their effects on mortality in 9
LDCs and DCs.
A Level07 Explain why the infant mortality rate (IMR) may be regarded as one of the best measures of socio-economic progress. 9
A Level07 To what extent is an appreciation of population structure fundamental to understanding mortality in DCs? 16
A Level05 Fig 7 shows the impact of different levels of fertility on population age-sex structure, assuming that mortality is low and 9
that there is no migration. Under what conditions may an increase in fertility become an objective for a country?
ACJC08 Briefly explain the reasons behind mortality differentials in DCs and LDCs. 9
CJC08 Describe and explain the factors that influence fertility. 9
NJC08 Discuss how proximate determinants of fertility have affected the demography of a country you have studied. 16
NYJC08 Using examples, explain how the use of contraception is key to controlling fertility rates. 9
RJC08 Identify the factors which may help explain how epidemics and infectious diseases may affect countries differently. 9
RJC08 Capitalism is the best form of contraception. To what extent do you agree that economic growth is the most important 16
factor in reducing fertility rate in a country.
VJC08 Explain how the following could influence population change. (years in marriage, length of breastfeeding, advances in 9
medical care, level of sanitation)
YJC08 Institutional factors have the greatest influence in affecting fertility rates. Discuss the validity of this statement in the 16
light of current global population trends.
ACJC07 Describe and explain why some parts of the world experience lower life expectancies. 9
CJC07 Explain why infant mortality rate is often seen as a good measure of a countrys socio-economic progress. 9
MJC07 Briefly explain the effect on fertility rates brought about by increasing a countrys literacy rate. 9
PJC07 Explain how a countrys fertility rate may be reduced as girls education improves. 12
TJC07 With improvements in medicine in the last 50 years to what extent do patterns of mortality still differ between 16
developed countries (DCs) and less developed countries (LDCs)?
 Demographic Transition Model/Population Pyramids
A Level08 Assess the evidence for, and the usefulness of, the addition of a 5th stage to the demographic transition model. 16
A Level06 To what extent do you agree that rather than there being one demographic transition, there are in reality many? 16
AJC08 What factors may affect the timing of the demographic transition experienced by different countries? Use examples to 9
support your answers.
ACJC08 How useful is demographic transition theory in predicting future population scenarios in the LDCs? 9
JJC08 How useful is the Demographic Transition Model in understanding demographic characteristics of countries in the 16
present day?
MJC08 What factors may affect the timing of the demographic transition experienced by different countries? Use examples to 9
support your answer.
RJC08 Discuss the usefulness of the population pyramid in understanding a countrys population structure. 9
SAJC08 With the aid of diagrams, describe the relationship between the different stages of the Demographic Transition Model 9
(DTM) and the population structure.
TPJC08 Discuss the links between Demographic Transition Theory and age structure. 16
TJC08 Discuss how population structure is affected by changes in family structure and gender imbalance. 9
YJC08 Discuss the value and limitations of population pyramids in predicting population change. 9
CJC07 The demographic transition theory (DTT) is more accurate and useful in explaining and predicting population trends in 16
less developed countries (LDCs) than more developed countries (MDCs). To what extent do you agree with this
statement? You should refer to appropriate examples in your answer where possible.
NJC07 Compare the population structures of more economically developed countries (MEDCs) and less economically developed 9
countries (LEDCs).
PJC07 With the help of an age/sex pyramid, explain the meaning of the terms dependency and dependency ratio. 6
RJC07 Discuss the extent to which the demographic transition model is a useful tool in understanding the changing population 16
patterns in countries you have studied.
SRJC07 To what extent can the demographic transition model help us to understand future population trends in economically 9
less developed countries (ELDCs)?
SAJC07 Explain how the age structure of a country typically changes as it goes through the stages of demographic transition. 16
SAJC07 With reference to a specific country in Stage 4 of the demographic transition, evaluate the effectiveness of the 16
countrys population theory.
TJC07 How helpful are population pyramids in predicting population change? 9
 Population Projection
A Level08 Explain the need for, and the problems of, population forecasting at the national scale. 9
A Level05 According to one UN projection, total world population will pass 7 billion in 2013. To what extent do you agree that such 16
a prediction is of little value?
A Level04 By 2050, according to the UN predictions, the population of thirty-nine economically more developed countries (EMDCs) 16
will have declined. To what extent can this be explained by Malthus ideas?
A Level02 Outline the need for, and explain the problems of, population forecasting at the national scale. 9
ACJC08 How useful is demographic transition theory in predicting future population scenarios in the LDCs? 9
DHS08 Discuss the role of population structures in population forecasting and planning. 9
DHS08 Assess the need for forecasting of population changes and the role of the government in population planning. 16
IJC08 A recent demographic survey was done by UN and its demographers cut 400 million from their best estimate of the 16
worlds population in 2050. They are now expecting 8.9 billion people on earth in 2050, rather than the 9.3 billion that
they forecasted in 2002. Discuss the validity of this statement with reference to recent population trends.
JJC08 Explain the need and problems of population forecasting at the national level. 9
MJC08 Japan is an MEDC with an ageing population. Japans National Institute of Population has predicted that the population 16
will be extinct (zero) by the year 3387. To what extent do you agree that such predictions are of limited value?
MI08 Explain the need for, and the problems of, population forecasting at the national scale with reference to a country or 9
countries.
NJC08 Fig 4 shows the projected date by which selected world areas will reach zero population growth. Account for the 9
different dates by which these regions will reach zero population growth.
SRJC08 Japan is an MEDC with an ageing population. Japans National Institute of Population has predicted that the population 16
will be extinct (zero) by the year 3387. To what extent do you agree that such predictions are of limited value?
TPJC08 Discuss the values and limitations of population pyramids in predicting population change. 9
PJC07 Japan is an MEDC with an ageing population. Japans National Institute of Population has predicted that the population 16
will be extinct (zero) by the year 3387. To what extent do you agree that such predictions are of limited value?
 Population-Resource Relationship
A Level06 Describe and explain Boserups ideas about population-resource relationships. 9
A Level04 Outline and explain Malthus approach to the population-resource relationship. 9
A Level04 By 2050, according to the UN predictions, the population of thirty-nine economically more developed countries (EMDCs) 16
will have declined. To what extent can this be explained by Malthus ideas?
A Level03 Explain the concepts of underpopulation, optimum population and overpopulation. Choose one of the concepts and 9
explain how it may be applied to a named country.
A Level03 To what extent are the limits of growth model, shown in Fig 8, helpful in understanding the population-resource 16
relationship at the world scale?
AJC08 With the help of examples, comment on the view that population growth stimulates the development of technology 16
which will utilize resources more effectively.
ACJC08 Using detailed examples, critically evaluate the consequences of overpopulation and underpopulation. 16
CJC08 With reference to an example, describe and explain the socio-economic differential that exists within a country. 9
DHS08 Explain the hedonist and conservationist views in population-resource relationships. 9
DHS08 Discuss how global variations in resource use and societal changes affect population-resource relationships and 16
sustainable development.
HCI08 Explain the key concepts of Malthus theory of population change. 9
IJC08 Compare and contrast the hedonistic and conservationist views on population resource relationships. 9
MJC08 Using the I=PAT model, explain the relationship between population growth and resource utilization. 9
NJC08 With reference to examples you have studied, show how countries have experienced population-resource disequilibrium. 9
NJC08 Assess the effectiveness of population policies that have been implemented to address the population-resource 16
disequilibrium.
NYJC08 Explain why the concept of ecological footprint may be regarded as one of the best measures of sustainability. 9
NYJC08 With reference to population resource theories, evaluate the view that current world food production would be 16
adequate to feed the world population.
SAJC08 The shortage of resources is due to population numbers, and not because of poor resource management. Discuss this in 16
relation to population-resource theory or theories.
SAJC08 Describe the characteristics of overpopulation and explain its causes. 9
TPJC08 With reference to specific examples, assess the economic and social implications of changes in the population structure 16
of a country.
TPJC08 Discuss the relationship between population growth and resource utilization. 9
TJC08 Explain what you understand by Erlich and Holdrens formula I=PAT where I stands for Impact, P for Population, A for 9
Affluence and T for Technology. What is the value of this theory?
TJC08 Can the expanding populations in LDCs be matched with a sustainable use of resources and environments? 16
VJC08 Compare Malthus views on population change with the Club of Romes Limits to Growth Theory. 9
VJC08 With reference to recent developments in the world, how valid is the Club of Romes Limits to Growth Theory? 16
YJC08 With reference to examples, discuss inequalities that can exist between different sectors of a countrys population. 9
YJC08 Global population growth will eventually exceed the earths carrying capacity. Do you agree with this statement? 16
AJC07 With the aid of a simple diagram, explain the concepts of over, under and optimum population. 9
CJC07 How useful are the various population resource theories in explaining the relationship between population growth and 9
resource utilization?
MJC07 Evaluate the statement necessity is the mother of invention in the light of population resource relationships. 16
NYJC07 Explain what is meant by the terms optimum population, under population and overpopulation. 9
NJC07 Evaluate the usefulness of Malthus ideas on population-resource relationships. 16
SAJC07 Outline the possible consequences of population increases on resource availability. 9
SAJC07 Using examples that you have studied, discuss the view that socio-economic inequalities are greater within nations than 16
between nations.
TPJC07 What do you understand by the following concepts: under population, over population and optimum population? 9
TJC07 Review the criteria used to measure inequalities in populations on a global scale. 9
VJC07 According to the Club of Rome in 1972, if the present growth trends in world population, industrialisation, pollution, 16
food production, and resource depletion continue unchanged, the limits to growth on this planet will be reached
sometime within the next one hundred years. Based on your assessment, how likely will we reach our limits to growth
before 2072?
 Population Policies
A Level08 Assess the effectiveness of anti-natal policies in LDCs and give reasons for their relative success or failure. 16
A Level02 Chinas one child policy is said to have created a generation of little emperors. Assess the social and economic 16
consequences of most families having only one or two children.
ACJC08 To what extent are anti-natal policies often more effective than pro-natal policies? 16
CJC08 To what extent do you agree that governments are effective in controlling population growth? 16
CJC08 Discuss the challenges of increasing dependency ratios to governments. 16
HCI08 To what extent do you agree that governments can control and manage population change? 16
IJC08 To what extent are population pyramids useful in helping governments to formulate relevant policies to curb with future 16
population problems in their countries.
JJC08 With reference to examples, show how population policies are meant to attain sustainability of the nation. 16
MI08 Assess the social and economic consequences for families and for the state when most couples have only one or two 16
children.
NYJC08 With reference to examples, evaluate the range of strategies employed by countries to achieve the goal of an optimum 16
population.
RJC08 Evaluate the success of government policies in countering an ageing population. 16
SRJC08 Explain the implications of an ageing population for government spending. 9
SAJC08 To what extent is it true that pro-natal policies have had limited success as compared to anti-natal policies? 16
TJC08 How successful are governments in planning of and achieving future population growth scenarios? 16
VJC08 Pro/anti-natal policies are not always the most appropriate strategies of managing population change. 16
AJC07 Assess the social and economic consequences for families and for the state when most couples have only one or two 16
children.
ACJC07 With the help of located examples, assess the influence of government on proximate variables in achieving the desired 16
fertility rate.
CJC07 Using appropriate examples, critically evaluate the role of government planning in affecting demographic changes. 16
HCI07 Explain why a rapidly ageing society might cause a huge fiscal deficit and social headache. (a fiscal deficit occurs 9
when public sector spending exceeds its revenue)
HCI07 With reference to examples, assess the effectiveness of the state in managing the challenges of a rapidly ageing society. 16
MJC07 With reference to an example or examples, evaluate the need for, and success of, pro-natal policies. 16
NYJC07 To what extent do you agree with the view that economic development is more effective than population policies in 16
limiting population growth?
PJC07 Using a case study you have studied in detail, analyse the population policy implemented by the government. 13
PJC07 Explain the implications of a high youth and aged dependency for government spending. 7
RJC07 Explain how and why developed countries have attempted to increase fertility rates in recent year. 9
RJC07 Evaluate the statement that recent doomsday predictions of global population exceeding the earths carrying capacity 16
to sustain it is a flawed one.
SRJC07 While it is highly desirable for national governments to regulate population growth, they have not been very successful 16
at it. How far is this true?
TPJC07 With reference to one country that you have studied, evaluate the measures that have been taken to resolve the 16
countrys population problems.
TJC07 Compare the effectiveness of anti and pro-natal policies in two or more countries you have studied. 16
VJC07 To what extent do you agree that state governments can control and manage population change? 16
YJC07 Why do some countries urgently need an increase in birth rates? 9
YJC07 Assess the extent to which national population policies have been effective in regulating the structure and growth of 16
populations.

Migration
A Level07 Using examples, explain how distance may operate as a constraint on transnational migration. 9
A Level07 Globalization has increased the flow of transnational migrants and the complexity of their movements. Assess the 16
extent to which this is true for migratory flows you have studied.
AJC08 Using examples, explain how political and cultural barriers may operate as constraints to the acceptance and 9
integration of immigrants.
AJC08 To what extent do you agree that transnational migrants are usually beneficial to both sending and receiving countries? 16
HCI08 Globalisation has increased the flow of transnational migrants and the complexity of their movements. Assess the 16
extent to which this is true for migratory flows you have studied.
HCI08 Describe and explain the trends in the migration of people in recent years. 9
IJC08 Using examples, explain how transnational migration may be influenced by political and cultural factors. 9
JJC08 Describe and account for the changing nature of migration since the 1960s. 9
MJC08 To what extent do you agree that economic transnational migration is usually beneficial to both sending and receiving 16
countries?
MI08 Discuss the factors which influence a persons migrability (how likely they are to migrate). 9
MI08 With reference to a range of examples, assess the benefits and costs of international migration to both source and host 16
countries.
SRJC08 With reference to examples, describe the main types of internal migration of population. 9
SRJC08 The social and economic impacts of internal migrations are greater on the source areas than on the destinations. With 16
reference to LDCs, how far do you agree with this statement?
AJC07 Discuss the factors which influence a persons migrability (how likely they are to migrate). 9
AJC07 What are the impacts of transnational migration on both sending and receiving regions? 16
ACJC07 Explain why some parts of the world experience higher levels of immigration. 9
ACJC07 With the help of located examples, assess the impacts of large numbers of rural in-migrants on the society and economy 16
of receiving areas.
HCI07 Describe and explain the key political barriers to transnational migration today. 9
HCI07 With reference to examples, critically evaluate the view that economic migration is usually beneficial to both sending 16
and receiving countries.
MJC07 Explain what is meant by the term feminization of labour migration. 9
NYJC07 Briefly describe and explain the trends in the migration of the people in recent years. 9
NYJC07 With reference to examples you have studied, critically examine the view that problems brought about by immigration 16
far outweigh the benefits that comes with it.
NJC07 Assess the roles of push and pull factors in one or more example(s) of transnational migration. 16
RJC07 With reference to examples, illustrate the differing patterns in recent migratory flows within countries. 9
SRJC07 Describe the major forms of international migration that have taken place in the last 30 years. 9
SRJC07 Using examples to support your answer, examine the relative importance of the push factors that lead to forced and 16
voluntary migration.
VJC07 Describe the impacts of migratory flows on less developed countries. 9
VJC07 Describe and account for the recent trends in migratory patterns. 9
YJC07 Discuss the impacts of labour migration on i) the source country, ii) the destination country, iii) the migrants 9
themselves.
YJC07 Assess the importance of push and pull factors in one or more examples of transnational migration. 16