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( Reaffirmed 2005 )
Indian Standard
DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL TIMBER
FOREWORD
This Inditin Standard ( Fourth Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after thedraft
finalized by the Building Construction Practices Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil
Engineering Division Clouncil.
This Indian Standard was first published as code of practice for use of structural timber in building
( material, grading and design ) in 1957 and was first revised in 1961. In the second revision in 1966,
Ii1 This standard covers the general principles Solid columns are formed of any-section having
involved in the design of structural timber in solid core throughout.
buildings.
3.1.6 Saced Column
A roof member directly.supporting rOOf Covering fso = calculated average axial compressive
or rafter and roof battens. stress in N/mms
1
IS 883 : 1994
2
1s JJs3t 1994
Spedes LocsUty Prom Aversge Pcrmisssiblc She. I* N mm ror Grrdt , PrmerV8tIe R=fnct0ri-
_______-_-------~ Where Tested Unit Modo? r----_-_ -_---______h-____-_- --p-----T Cburcterm menuA&
Trade Name Mssm at Eluticit~ Bendina and Tension Shear ComDrewan --_A____
12 Per- A~~r$s Along drain, Extreme Ail Loc.slions Comprt uion Perpeodicular to Grain . tDurabi- :Treu-
Cell Fi bre Srren c---*--T Parallel co Gram r------.---y lity Cti nbiliry
M&rue Loe.don~ 1 --_*_---_ Horizon- 91onw .----.--*--_------ Wet Grade
Grain Inside Outride Wer LOCS-
LOCa- LO==- LOCZi- LOCa- t,on
lion tmn lion
Kbaw u. P. I 009 13*4 201 168 131 I.55 2.21 13tl 123 101 77 6'0 49 I - A
I&u@ch M. P. I 086 1679 265 220 Ii6 224 320 179 15.9 130 109 84 89 - A
Blrck sirir Madras 737 1354 187 156 125 I .53 219 I3 3 118 96 7.3 56 46 I e B
Bruguiera AndrnPnr 897 176 8 219 183 146 118 I 69 143 12.7 104 55 43 35 III - -
( Mangrove )
Dbaman M adra, 788 1482 183 152 122 131 187 120 107 87 6.0 *7 3.8 II d B
Karng Madras 987 1691 25.1 209 167 151 216 164 116 Il.9 93 73 59 - -
Hopea .Madras ,081 1479 21.3 17.3 112 153 2.19 145 129 106 99 7.7 63 I - A
HOptl Madrar 923 1303 186 155 124 129 184 132 11.8 96 92 73 6.0 I e A
Ping Assam 903 1320 I91 15.3 127 128 184 117 104 85 5.7 4.4 36 III b A
Mnua A.U=lll 965 1630 233 194 155 I.23 I76 155 138 113 5-y 46 3.7 I e
Bullet-wood S. Andaman I 103 1739 227 189 151 I 47 210 112 127 104 113 88 72 I _
Ballagi Madras I 139 1629 224 la.7 150 153 218 147 L3l 107 87 68 55 I c
Red saodtr; Madras I 121 1273 25.0 209 !67 174 240 I&l 161 13.2 118 92 75 -
Cboai .4odaman 869 1506 215 179 143 105 150 125 II1 91 53 4.1 34 - -
Padri Madras 731 1294 190 158 127 112 160 119 106 87 40 31 26 111 -
Milla .Mah.washtra 937 1301 182 15.2 121 117 167 126 112 92 95 74 6.1 I -
.Amalrn~ II. P. 865 1 In0 I92 160 128 I.43 Lo+ 123 109 89 72 56 46 I - A
Maninwaga hsnm 748 126.0 184 153 123 123 174 II.4 IO1 83 59 46 3.8
Dhup Yadrrs 655 118% 133 II1 8.9 086 I23 81 72 59 28 2.2 18 III - C
&sod M. P. 820 10511 154 l2R 109 0.98 139 108 9% 79 55 4.3 35 - -
Cawarma Orissa 769 1144 146 122 98 127 181 82 73 59 40 31 r5 III e A
Peon Maharashtra 657 97.7 134 112 90 079 112 86 77 63 28 22 I8 II - B .
Srrm wond M, P. 865 1169 182 151 121 137 196 109 97 80 6.3 49 40 111 - A
I<xan, Yl.dras Ii15 12*3 147 123 9H ~64 091 30 80 6.6 27 2.1 I7 111 b C
I
3
table 1 ( Codmuif )
Spedem LmaugFrrom Av;ye Modnlms Prrmlmibl. Strems In N/mm for Crsdc 1 Prtmrti*
,_-_____~_______~ Wbarc Temed of c------~----- ---A------ --,- - - ---- -_ Ch-r-ct*m
Boraaicsl Name Tnde Name M/z .* Ehd&, Bending and Tension Sbesr ComprmiOn Comprrvwn ,---*--_ Scuoriq
12 Per. (All Grrd.. Along Grain, Fzwcme All laations P~nllel to Grain Pcrpendrculw 10 Grain tDurabi- $Trest-
CCIf md All Fibm Strcu ---*-, __.__ ___--_ r-l--h----_ lity C%w ability
Wet Gnde
Lots
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (16) (17) (18) (19)
31 25 - - -
788 1290 I(3 119 95 I 09 156 91 80 66 40
721 17.1 143 II4 I.46 120 IO7 87 55 43 35 I c B
1124 I02
53 41 3.3 II c -
a42 1283 174 14.5 II6 097 I38 117 lo4 85
SO3 1025 14.9 124 99 I .34 91 81 66 41 32 26 I e B
094
4.3 3.3 27 Ill - B
712 Ice9 15.0 125 100 122 I74 85 76 62
167 81 72 58 33 26 21 Ill B
719 104.1 14.8 123 9S 117
31 111 -
Planchonia odido Red bombwe Andmmt, 913 131.0 161 134 107 095 I 36 108 96 79 4.9 38
( Syn P. o*donmtuc, )
Qynrw lomrllor. Oak w. Bengal 87.0 1244 14.5 121 97 115 I65 87 78 64 38 29 24 11 c A
( Cmrimd 1
4
IS 883 t 1994
Table 1 ( tonlinurd )
Sptde. LaCllity Prom Av;zp M,,dmI.m Pcrmiwslble Stress ia N/mm for Grsdc I PrrscrNtic
~_---_-_--~ c---- glcfr~ctod-
r--_--- Where Tared of --__----- ___-._ _-_ _________~______~ Cb.rret... -. to Air
Batamcal Name Trade Name Mass at ElUdCIty Bending and Tension Shear Compreumo r-_*-_ sauonimg
12 Per. (All Grrdc, Along Grain, Extreme All Locations Camprrrswo Perpendicular to Gram tDur=bi- &Treat-
cent and All Fihre Strep r---*-_y Parallel to Grain c--- --*----_ litv Clam ability
~-_--_-*_--_-~ In,ide Ourrid<: Wet Grade
Ioride Outride Wet LUC& LOCa- L0ca
Loca. LfXa- Loca- rion tmn tion
lion rion tmn
_.
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 17) (81 (9) (IO) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15, (16) !I71 (18) (19)
Jaman Assam 841 1033 148 124 99 Ill 158 9.0 80 6.5 69 3.4 44 II A
Babera u. P. 729 IO1 9 136 II3 90 096 137 84 73 61 37 28 23 III B
Mymbalan - 918 1237 171 142 Ilt Il? I60 117 104 83 67 52 43 II A
- Aslllll 733 1189 171 143 II.4 108 96 50 39 -
Ill 159 79 32
Black-cbuglam S. Andamao 822 126% 168 140 :I2 I.12 160 lo3 92 75 51 40 32 II B
Teak Il. P. 660 99.7 IS5 129 IO.1 115 164 94 83 6.8 45 35 28 I B
Kindal Mabarashtra 765 105.7 13 I 109 8: 092 132 86 7.7 63 36 28 23 I A
Lallrel, Madras 906 1054 151 125 100 I10 I.58 94 84 68 6.2 48 40 I A
Sain
White-cbuglam S. Aodaman 690 1238 153 130 IO4 087 124 98 87 il 36 28 23 111 e *
Bhendi Mabarasbtra 766 1036 la.9 158 126 I 32 I.88 II3 100 82 44 34 28 - - B
IrUl Mtlbarmbtra 839 1163 162 135 108 I28 183 109 97 7.9 78 60 49 I e A
Mullilam W. Bengal 387 1063 147 122 98 087 124 93 84 69 34 2.6 21 I e B
ArUtlXbd 715 Ill7 152 12.7 IO1 120 170 IO.3 92 73 40 31 24 - - -
Cbe,tnut Megbalaya 688 125.4 148 123 99 098 140 98 87 71 34 27 22 - B
Eucalyptus Nilgiri 831 1212 173 144 II 3 I38 I.96 II0 98 80 42 33 27 - -
Eucalyptus ooty 725 935 15.t 129 103 099 I41 86 76 63 3.0 24 20 - -
Eucalyptus Madras 777 1103 167 139 111 096 I.38 97 86 71 3.4 26 22 - - -
White siris u. P. 643 902 134 II2 89 098 140 85 76 62 43 33 27 I c
Lakoocb u. P. 6+7 614 IO.0 83 67 098 141 53 47 3.8 28 22 I8 I
Jack, Lathal Madras 617 946 139 II6 92 104 148 93 tJ3 68 45 35 29 I _
Pitraj W. Bengal 668 H9.8 123 102 82 108 154 80 7.1 5.8 40 31 26 I -
Adinn cordif&* Haldu u. P. 663 854 133 III 89 096 I.36 t3i 77 63 44 34 1.8 III a
Anlhocepl&u chinrnrir Kadam - 485 188 97 81 64 069 fl.98 39 3.3 43 19 I5 I.! III =
( Syn. A. Codomba 1
Arlocorpur rhoploshn Cbaplash Assam 515 91.1 13.2 110 X.8 0.86 I.21 a.5 75 62 36 28 23 II d B
Acaclo lrucophlocn Hiwnr M. P. 737 78.5 134 II2 90 I03 147 75 67 54 45 35 28 - A
Acorio mclanoxylons Black wood Madras 630 945 130 10 R a.7 I 05 150 76 68 55 32 25 20 -
Acncio mrwnrti Black wattle Madrar 669 til0 104 66 69 II.83 I.18 60 54 44 23 I8 I5 - -
( Syn. A. mollirsimn )
Aar pp. Maple Punjab, U. P 551 735 99 82 63 088 125 59 49 40 21 17 I4 III - B
Aqb m.rmrlor Bael u. P. 890 88.1 135 II2 90 I.40 2cm 8.8 78 64 68 53 43 III B *
( Sya. fntrtn btjueo 1
Andamu, 705 91.6 132 II.0 88 I 08 I 54 7.9 71 38 40 31 ?6 - -
Gokul W. Bengal 404 794 83 69 55 058 082 53 47 39 11 0.9 07 III - C
Kardbal u. P. Y29 975 170 142 I I; I28 I84 98 87 71 65 51 42 III A
( Cmtmwd
,
5
IS 889 t 1994
Table 1 ( Conhued )
OpCd- Locrlity From Avemgr Modmlue Pcrmis.iblc Sbc.. is. N/mm for Grade 1 PrcS.Z.V8tiVc gRcfr8ctori-
,-------_A.- _--_--\ Where Tested Lhit Of _---________--~___*- -------_--_ -_---_ Ch*.X!te*. DCS. *o Air
Trulc Name nlus .t Eh.&ity . Bending and Tenwon Shear Compression Comprrrrion __-*-_-_ Sc8modmg
12 Pcz- (All Grsdcs Along Grain, Extreme All lwatiom Pusllcl 10 Grain Perpendicular to Grain thrabi- fTrcat-
CCDL md All Fibre Strer, ,-_--*---_. c- .--_*---_ ,_-----*__--- lity Cllsr ahlily
M&y.r; I,ocrtioa~) ,------*---- - H.XlZ0U Along Inside Outride Wet Inside Outride Wet Grade
sl Iorsde Outride Wet 1.1 Gr*Ul Loca- Loca- LOC&. LOCa- LOCS- Lo.==-
LOCC LOCh LOC*- tioo tion tmn lion rioo lion
, ( Cmtiwd )
6
18 883 I 1394
Table 1 ( conlinucd )
M.&go, Aam Orissa 661 912 122 101 82 0.9G 137 73 65 53 3.1 24 20 III . C
Mxhilru Madru 521 763 lo2 85 G8 071 I 02 63 56 46 24 19 I5 III * B
Raini u. P. 662 751 108 9.0 72 096 136 60 5.4 44 29 23 I.9 III B
A_ 449 1037 lo9 9.1 i.3 068 0% 80 7l- 58 3.4 26 21 - -
Cbmnp w. Bengal 512 82.5 109 91 7.3 072 I02 66 59 48 28 22 18 I - B
KGm u. P. 651 78.2 126 IO5 84 I 04 I49 79 7.0 57 37 29 24 IlE b B
Kikw rioghi J. & K. 881 73.2 131 lo9 87 I20 I71 80 7.1 58 43 34 2.8
Thirmin S. Andamm 533 941 125 lo4 83 061 086 80 71 58 26 20 I6 II
752 915 119 99 79 083 119 67 60 19 30 23 I9 III B
( Conrtid)
I
IS 883 t 1994
Table 1 ( conchdcd )
Sp2iM Locality From Avenge Modolus Ptrmissiblc Stress in N/mm for Grndc 1 Prcscrv*tivc gnefr*ctori-
,_____---*_-__---T Where Tested IJoit of r__------------_---_- A________________ ____ --_~ Cbrr.ctrr.
Botanical Name I-rade Name Mua .t Elnaticity Bending and Tension Shea, Camprerrmn Comprrtrmn c_-*---_
12 Per- (All G-d-s Along Gram, Extreme All locations Parallel 10 Gram Pe,pend,cula, to Cram tDu,abi- fT,rat-
cent *ad All Fibre btrrsr ,-__-n--- ~ ;~d, __h_____~ ,_-_-.-_h-__-_~ lay Clru abdity
Moianre Locatioa~) C----h____ _ HO,U.OIl Along OU,ll& \Vet Inride Outside WC1 Grade
Goatctlt Instide Outride We, ,a, G,al LOC& L0ca- LCXa- Loca- Loca- Loca-
Kucum Bihar 1032 1212 15.5 130 IO4 1.4; 211 IOY 9.7 79 bi 4.: _I!, II J A
*Species rhur muked and tetted from other localitier thaw higher rtrengtb to enable their categorization ia higher group.
Fer Exam+
i) Sal tested from Went Bengal, Bihar, U. P. and Awarn can be clan&d at Group A tpeciet:
ii) Hnldu tested fmm Biba, can be clurified at Group B rpeclet;
iii) Morut la&gate ( Bole ) of Asaam can be clnuitied in Group B rpecin.
fllat&ication for preservation based 011 durability test), etc.
CIOSS
I-Average life more than 120 mooch>;
II-Average life 60 months ad above but lerr than 120 montbt; and
III-Average life Iem tban 60 mootha.
* Irwfability Cradu
a- Heartrood euily t,catrble;
b Heartwood treatable but complete penetration nor alwws obtained, in cae where the lcut dimension it mo,e than 60 mm;
c- Heartwood only part\ally treatable;
d- Henrtvood refractory to t,e.t,twttt; and
C- Heanvood very refractory to t,catmem, penetntion of prerervative being practically nil even from the ends.
OData bucd cm ttrengtb pmpcrtiet at three yea,, of age of Ilee.
$Clattinicationt bated on teatoning bcbaviou, of ttmbc, nod ,cf,arra,ioetr w.,.t. rncking, tpliting rod drying rate:
A - Highly rrf,acto,y ( tlow and difficulty to Keaton free from rurface and end cracking ):
B- Moderately refractory j mayberenmoned
freefromsurface
and end cracking wIthin reamnnblv short periodt, given a little protectloo agaiott rapid drying conditioot ): and
C- Non-refractory may be npidly reamned frrc fmm turfare and tnd-cracking even in the open al, and sun. If not rrpidlv dried, they dovelop blue tlain and mould on the turface.
8
IS 663 : 1994
9
IS 883 : 1994
1) The values of horizontal shear to be used only for beams. In all other cases shear along grain to be used.
2) For working stresses for other locations of use, that is, outside and wet, generally factors of 5/6 and 213 are
* applied.
10
IS 883 : 1994
stresses. The section thus found is checked to projected area of all material removed by boring,
meet the requirements based on dead loads alone grooving or other means at critical plane. In case
with modification X, = 1.00. J of nailing, the area of the prebored hole shall not
be taken into account for this purpose.
Table 4 Modification Factor K1 to Allow
for Change in Slope of Grain 7.4.2 The net section used in calculating load-
carrying capacity of a member shall be the least
( Clause 6.4.1 )
net section determined as above by passing a
plane or a series of connected planes transversely
Slope Kl
~-~---~--h_ , through the members.
Strength of Strength of
Beams. Joists Posts or 7.4.3 Notches shall in no case, remove more
and Ties Columns than one quarter of the section.
(1) (2) (3) 7.4.4 In the design of an intermediate or a long
1 in 10 080 0.74 column, gross section shall be used in calculating
1 in 12 090 0.82 load-carrying capacity of the column.
1 in 14 0.98 0.87
7.5 Flexural Member
7.1 All structural members, assemblies or frame- 7.5.4 Jorm Faclors for Flexural Members
work in a building, in combination with the
The following form factors shall be applied to the
floors, walls and other structural parts of the
bending stress:
building shall be capable of sustaining, with due
stability and stiffness the whole dead and imposed
a) Rectangular section - For rectangular
loadings as specifird in appropriate codes
sections, for different depths of beams, the
[ IS 875 ( Parts 1 to 5 ) : 1987 1, without exceed-
form factor Ks shall be taken as:
ing the limits of relevant stresses specified in this
standard. D + 89 400
Xs = 0.81
D= + 55 000
7.2 The worst combination and location of loads
shall be considered for designs. Wind and seismic NOTE - Form factor ( Ks ) shall not be applied
be considered to act for beams having depth less than or equal to
forces shall not
300 mm.
simultaneously.
b) Box beams and I-beams - For box beams
7.3 The design requirements may be satisfied and I-beams the form factor Ic, shall be
either by calculation using laws of mechanics or obtained by using the formula:
by prototype testing. Ds + 89 400 - 1
X1 = 0.8 + 0.8~
7.4 Net Section D -j- 55 OOO- >
11
IS 883 : 1994
12
IS 889 : 1994
b) Holes not larger in diameter than one- bearing with a length equal to the diameter
quarter of the depth may be bored in the of the washer or the width of the small
middle third of the depth and length; and plate; and
g) When the direction of stress is at an angie
C>If holes or notches occur at a distance
to the direction of the grain in any struc-
greater than three times the depth of the
member from the edge of the nearest tural member, then the permissible bearing
support, the net remaining depth shall be stress in that member shall be calculated by
used in determining the bending strength. the following formula:
fcp x fen
foe =
7.5.8 Beanng faD sins 6 +fcn toss B
Table 7 Modification Factor K7 for
7.5.8.1 The ends of Rexural members shall be
Bearing Stresses
supported in recesses which provide adequate
ventilation to prevent dry rot and shall not be [ Clause 7.5.8.3.1, ( c ) and ( f ) ]
enclosed. Flexural members except roof timbers
which are supported directly on masonry or con- Length of 15 25 40 50 75 loo 150
4 For bearings less than 150 mm in length & fdoth Ez; w;pp,;;;mfs
and located 75 mm or more from the end of
a member the permissible stress perpendi- distributed load.
cular to the grain may be multiplied by the 7.5.9.3 In order to allow the effect of long dura-
modification factor K, given in Table 7; tion loading on E, for checking deflection in case
of beams and joists the effective loads shall be
4 No allowance need be made for the diffe- twice the dead load if the timber is initially dry.
rence in intensity of the bearing stress due
to bending of a beam; 7.5.9.4 Self weight of beam shall be considered
in design.
e>The bearing
the net area
area should be calculated as
after allowance for the amount
7.6 Columns
of wane as permitted in IS 1331 : 1975; 7.6.1 Solid Columns
f1 For bearing stress under a washer or a Solid columns shall be classified into short, inter-
small plate, the same coefficient reconf- mediate and long columns depending upon their
mended in Table 7 may be taken for a slenderness ratio ( S/d ) as follows:
13
IS 883 : 1994
a) Short columns - where S/d does not exceed 7.6.2.3 For intermediate columns, the permissible
11, compressive stress shall be obtained using the
b) Intermediate columns - where S/d is following formula:
between 11 and Xs, and
_--- S 4
C) Long columns - where S,d is greater fc = qfcrl
than Ks. Kg 1/ d12 + d,=
L
7.6.1.1 For short columns, the permissible com- 7.6.2.4 For long columns, the permissible
pressive stress shall be calculated as follows: compressive stress shall be calculated by using
fc =fcLl the formula:
0 329 UE
7.6.1.2 For intermediate columns the permissible a
compressive stress is calculated by using the fc = ___-
S
following formula: ( s/ d18 + dz J
fo=fw[
7.6.2.5 The following values of U and q depend-
1 --$(
&)] ing upon plank thickness (t) in 7.6.2.3 and 7.6.2.4
shall be used:
7.6.1.3 For long columns, the permissible com-
ANNEX A
( Clause 2 )
287 : 1993 Recommendations for per- 1331: 1975 Specification for cut sizes of
missible moisture content for timber ( second revision )
timber used for different
purposes ( third rcoision ) 1708 Methods of testing of small
( Parts 1 to 18 ) : specimens of timber ( second
401 : 1982 Code of practice for preserva-
1986 revision)
tion of timber ( third revision )
707 : 1976 Glossary of terms applicable 3629 : 1986 Specification for structural
15
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