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Table of contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
1. SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 APPLICATION................................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.3 EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE ........................................................................................................................................... 6
2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 6
3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 7
4. ACCEPTANCE LEVELS.............................................................................................................................................. 7
5. DETERMINATION OF LENGTH AND HEIGHT .................................................................................................... 7
5.1 DETERMINATION OF LENGTH ........................................................................................................................................ 8
5.2 DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT......................................................................................................................................... 8
5.3 PREFERRED SIZING TECHNIQUE AND ACCEPTANCE LEVEL ............................................................................................ 9
6. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA BASED ON LENGTH AND HEIGHT...................................................................... 10
6.1 SINGLE INDICATIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 10
6.1.1 Acceptance criteria level 1 ............................................................................................................................... 10
6.1.2 Acceptance criteria level 2 ............................................................................................................................... 10
6.1.3 Acceptance criteria level 3 ............................................................................................................................... 10
6.2 GROUPS OF INDICATIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 11
6.3 SINGLE DIFFRACTION SIGNALS (POINT-LIKE DISCONTINUITIES) ................................................................................. 12
7. FOR TECHNIQUES BASED ON LENGTH AND REFERENCE .......................................................................... 13
7.1 LONGITUDINAL INDICATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 13
7.2 TRANSVERSE INDICATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 13
7.3 GROUPING OF INDICATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 13
7.4 CUMULATIVE LENGTH OF ACCEPTABLE INDICATIONS ................................................................................................. 15
8. ASSESSING THE ACCEPTABILITY OF FLAWS IN METALLIC STRUCTURES BASED ON FITNESS
FOR PURPOSE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 28
8.1 IF THE FLAWS DO NOT EXCEED THE QUALITY CONTROL LEVELS IN THIS STANDARD ................................................... 28
8.2 IF ACCEPTANCE LIMITS HAVE ALREADY BEEN ESTABLISHED ON THE BASIS OF AN ECA ............................................. 28
8.2.1 Detection and acceptance level ........................................................................................................................ 28
8.3 IF NO RELEVANT DOCUMENTED EXPERIENCE EXISTS .................................................................................................. 28
8.3.1 Detection and acceptance level ........................................................................................................................ 29
1.1 Introduction
This document has been prepared for making an Acceptance Criteria for the use of Phased Array
technology based upon good workmanship. The acceptance criteria are verified against the integrity
level achieved with currently applied NDT methods.
1.2 Application
The Acceptance Criteria Phased Array specified in this document is applicable for acceptance/rejection
in the fabrication stage of welded joints as described in the scope of ISO13588.
The acceptance criteria are related to the examination techniques as defined in ISO13588.
2. Normative references
This document incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications
apply to this Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references
the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
ISO 5817 Arc-welded joints in steel; Guidance on quality levels for imperfections
ISO 17635 Non-destructive testing of welds General rules for metallic materials
ISO. BS7910 Guide to methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic
structures
4. Acceptance levels
For the evaluation, three different acceptance levels are defined. The relation between these acceptance
levels and the quality levels as mentioned in ISO5817 are given in table 1.
Height sizing can be measured as described in ISO15626 or reference level can be applied as described
ISO11666 in case a height sizing is not possible.
S-scan raster
ISO15626
TOFD generated with
phased arraya
ISO 15626*
Skewed scanb
a For testing level C, at least two different test set-ups from this table shall be combined; at least one of them shall be S-scan or
TOFD.
b If detection of transverse discontinuities is required by specification, a suitable additional test set-up shall be applied. Skewed
probe or electronically skewed beam can be used.
c At least 10 difference.
For welds joining two different thicknesses, the thinner of those two is leading for the acceptance
criteria.
Surface breaking and embedded discontinuities may have a maximum accumulated length of 10% of
the total weld length with a maximum of 500 mm.
Cracks are not allowed.
The distance between two indications along the weld is less than the length of the longest
indication.
The distance between two indications in thickness direction of the weld is less than the height of
the highest indication.
The sum of the lengths of the individual indications measured along the weld over a length of 12d d
shall be less or equal to:
Indications that do not fulfil the requirements mentioned above should be considered as single
indications.
Defect dimensions h and l for a group of indications shall include the distance between the
individual indications
The maximum allowable number (N) of single diffraction signals (point-like discontinuities) in any 150
mm of weld length can be calculated with:
Table A.1 gives information on the techniques used for evaluation of indications according to ISO 17640 and
the related evaluation and acceptance levels. Table A.2 specifies the acceptance levels for technique 2 using
transverse waves. Table A.3 specifies the acceptance levels for technique 2 using longitudinal waves.
For techniques 1 (side-drilled holes) and 3 (rectangular notch), see Figures A.1 to
A.4.
For techniques 2 [flat-bottom holes (disk-shaped reflectors)] and 4 (tandem technique), see Figures A.5 to A.8.
Any indication with amplitude below the acceptance level but with a length (above evaluation level)
exceeding t, for the thickness range of 8 mm u t < 15 mm, or t/2 or 20 mm, whichever is the larger, for all
other thickness ranges, shall be subject to further testing. This requires the use of additional probe angle(s),
and, if specified, the tandem
technique.
The final evaluation shall be based on the maximum echo amplitude and length
measured.
When detection of transverse indications is specified, the acceptance levels stated in 5.2
apply.
Grouping is based on the length and the separation of two individually acceptable indications having
amplitudes above the recording level. The length of a group shall not be used for further grouping.
For evaluation, a group of indications shall be considered as a single one
if:
a) the distance, dx, is less than twice the length of the longer indication (see Figure 1);
b) the distance, dy, is less than half of the thickness but not more than 10 mm;
c) the distance, dz, is less than half of the thickness but not more than 10 mm.
The combined length is:
l12 = l1 + l2 + dx
(see Figure
2).
The combined length, l12, and the larger maximum amplitude of the two indications shall then be assessed
against the applicable acceptance levels given in Table A.1.
Key
d x, d y, d z distances in the x-, y-, and z-directions, respectively
ln where n = 1 3, individual indications
Key
dx distance in the x-direction
l1, l2 individual indications
l12 combined length
The cumulative length of all individually acceptable indications above recording level is given as the sum of
lengths of both single indications and linearly aligned indications of combined length within a given section of
weld length.
Key
lc cumulative length
lc = l2 + l3 + l45 + l6
lw weld length
ln where n = 1 7, individual indications
For any section of weld length, lw, the maximum cumulative length of all individually acceptable indications
above the recording level shall not exceed 20 % of this length for acceptance level 2, or 30 % of this length for
acceptance level 3, where lw = 6 t for t < 15 mm and lw = 100 mm for t W 15 mm.
Annex A
(normative)
Levels
Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 2
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness
Figure A.1 Levels for techniques 1 and 3 for thicknesses 8 mm to 15 mm Acceptance level 2
Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 3
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness
Figure A.2 Levels for techniques 1 and 3 for thicknesses 8 mm to 15 mm Acceptance level 3
Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 2
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness
Figure A.3 Levels for technique 1 for thicknesses 15 mm to 100 mm Acceptance level 2
Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 3
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness
Figure A.4 Levels for technique 1 for thicknesses 15 mm to 100 mm Acceptance level 3
Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 2
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness
Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 3
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness
Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 2
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness
Figure A.7 Levels for technique 2 for thicknesses 15 mm to 100 mm Acceptance level 2
Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 2
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness
Figure A.8 Levels for technique 4 for thicknesses 15 mm to 100 mm Acceptance level 2
Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 3
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness
Figure A.9 Levels for technique 2 for thicknesses 15 mm to 100 mm Acceptance level 3
Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 3
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t t thickness
For l t: For l t:
3 H0 4 dB H0
H0 14 dB H0 10 dB
(rectangular notch) For l > t: For l > t:
H0 10 dB H0 6 dB
0 0
For l 0,5 t: For l 0,5 t:
H0 8 dB H0 4 dB
4 For 0,5 t < l t: For 0,5 t < l t:
H0 22 dB H0 18 dB
(tandem technique) H 14 dB H 10 dB
For l > t: For l > t:
H0 18 dB H0 14 dB
Table A.2 Reference levels for acceptance levels 2 and 3 for technique 2 using angle beam scanning with transverse waves
Thickness of parent material, t
Nominal probe frequency
8 mm u t < 15 mm 15 mm u t < 40 mm 40 mm u t < 100 mm
MHz
AL 2 AL 3 AL 2 AL 3 AL 2 AL 3
1,5 to 2,5 DDSR = 2,5 mm DDSR = 2,5 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm
3,0 to 5,0 DDSR = 1,5 mm DDSR = 1,5 mm DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm
Table A.3 Reference levels for acceptance levels 2 and 3 for technique 2 using straight beam scanning with longitudinal waves
1,5 to 2,5 DDSR = 2,5 mm DDSR = 2,5 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm
3,0 to 5,0 DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm
a) If the flaws do not exceed the quality control levels in this standard, no further action is
required.
b) If acceptance limits have already been established on the basis of an ECA for the
appropriate combination of materials, fabrication procedure, welding consumables, stress and
environmental factors, flaws need to be assessed on that basis.
c) If no relevant documented experience exists, then an ECA based on the guidance given in
ISO (BS 7910) needs to be carried out.
8.1 If the flaws do not exceed the quality control levels in this
standard
If the flaws do not exceed the quality control levels in this standard, no further action is
required.