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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA

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Criteria PA

Table of contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
1. SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 APPLICATION................................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.3 EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE ........................................................................................................................................... 6
2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 6
3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 7
4. ACCEPTANCE LEVELS.............................................................................................................................................. 7
5. DETERMINATION OF LENGTH AND HEIGHT .................................................................................................... 7
5.1 DETERMINATION OF LENGTH ........................................................................................................................................ 8
5.2 DETERMINATION OF HEIGHT......................................................................................................................................... 8
5.3 PREFERRED SIZING TECHNIQUE AND ACCEPTANCE LEVEL ............................................................................................ 9
6. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA BASED ON LENGTH AND HEIGHT...................................................................... 10
6.1 SINGLE INDICATIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 10
6.1.1 Acceptance criteria level 1 ............................................................................................................................... 10
6.1.2 Acceptance criteria level 2 ............................................................................................................................... 10
6.1.3 Acceptance criteria level 3 ............................................................................................................................... 10
6.2 GROUPS OF INDICATIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 11
6.3 SINGLE DIFFRACTION SIGNALS (POINT-LIKE DISCONTINUITIES) ................................................................................. 12
7. FOR TECHNIQUES BASED ON LENGTH AND REFERENCE .......................................................................... 13
7.1 LONGITUDINAL INDICATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 13
7.2 TRANSVERSE INDICATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 13
7.3 GROUPING OF INDICATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 13
7.4 CUMULATIVE LENGTH OF ACCEPTABLE INDICATIONS ................................................................................................. 15
8. ASSESSING THE ACCEPTABILITY OF FLAWS IN METALLIC STRUCTURES BASED ON FITNESS
FOR PURPOSE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 28
8.1 IF THE FLAWS DO NOT EXCEED THE QUALITY CONTROL LEVELS IN THIS STANDARD ................................................... 28
8.2 IF ACCEPTANCE LIMITS HAVE ALREADY BEEN ESTABLISHED ON THE BASIS OF AN ECA ............................................. 28
8.2.1 Detection and acceptance level ........................................................................................................................ 28
8.3 IF NO RELEVANT DOCUMENTED EXPERIENCE EXISTS .................................................................................................. 28
8.3.1 Detection and acceptance level ........................................................................................................................ 29

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
Document number: < Assigned by PM > Acceptance
Criteria PA
1. Scope

1.1 Introduction

This document has been prepared for making an Acceptance Criteria for the use of Phased Array
technology based upon good workmanship. The acceptance criteria are verified against the integrity
level achieved with currently applied NDT methods.

1.2 Application

The Acceptance Criteria Phased Array specified in this document is applicable for acceptance/rejection
in the fabrication stage of welded joints as described in the scope of ISO13588.

1.3 Examination technique

The acceptance criteria are related to the examination techniques as defined in ISO13588.

2. Normative references
This document incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications
apply to this Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references
the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).

ISO 5817 Arc-welded joints in steel; Guidance on quality levels for imperfections

ISO 9712 Non-destructive testing -- Qualification and certification of personnel

ISO17640 Non-destructive testing of welds -- Ultrasonic testing -- Techniques, testing


levels, and assessment

ISO13588. Non-destructive testing of welds -- Ultrasonic testing -- Use of automated


phased array technology

ISO 17635 Non-destructive testing of welds General rules for metallic materials

ISO11666 Non-destructive testing of welds Ultrasonic testing Acceptance levels

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
Document number: < Assigned by PM > Acceptance
Criteria PA
ISO15626 Non-destructive testing of welds Time-of-flight diffraction technique
(TOFD) Acceptance levels

ISO16828 Non-destructive testing -- Ultrasonic testing -- Time-of-flight diffraction


technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities

ISO. BS7910 Guide to methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic
structures

3. Terms and definitions


For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO13588 and the following
apply:

ECA Engineering critical assessment

4. Acceptance levels
For the evaluation, three different acceptance levels are defined. The relation between these acceptance
levels and the quality levels as mentioned in ISO5817 are given in table 1.

Quality level according Acceptance level


to ISO 5817
B (Stringent) 1
C (Intermediate) 2
D (Moderate) 3

Table 1: Acceptance levels Phased Array technology

5. Determination of length and height


The size of a discontinuity is determined by its length and height. Length is defined by the difference of
the x-coordinates of the indication. The height is defined as the maximum difference of the z-
coordinates.
In case a height cannot be measured the acceptance can be based on reference levels as described in
ISO11666.

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
Document number: < Assigned by PM > Acceptance
Criteria PA

5.1 Determination of length

Length sizing can be measured as described in ISO15626 or ISO11666.

5.2 Determination of height

Height sizing can be measured as described in ISO15626 or reference level can be applied as described
ISO11666 in case a height sizing is not possible.

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
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Criteria PA
5.3 Preferred sizing technique and acceptance level

Table x Description of testing levels in accordance with ISO 13588

Testing levels conform ISO 13588


A B C
Mode Example of sketches
Acceptance level in accordance with ISO5817
3 2 1
Test set-up
Fixed angles at fixed
probe position to weld
(line scans)a

Fixed angles with ISO 11666


raster scanninga

E-scan at fixed probe


position
(line scan)a

S-scan at fixed probe


position to weld ISO 15626*
(line scan)a

S-scan raster

ISO15626
TOFD generated with
phased arraya

ISO 15626*
Skewed scanb

a For testing level C, at least two different test set-ups from this table shall be combined; at least one of them shall be S-scan or
TOFD.
b If detection of transverse discontinuities is required by specification, a suitable additional test set-up shall be applied. Skewed
probe or electronically skewed beam can be used.
c At least 10 difference.

* Alternative when no height sizing is possible ISO11666 is applicable.

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
Document number: < Assigned by PM > Acceptance
Criteria PA
6. Acceptance criteria based on Length and height
When indications are detected, length and height are determined in accordance with 5.1 and 5.2.
Indications shall be evaluated according to their acceptance level and the acceptance criteria listed in
this chapter.

6.1 Single indications


6.1.1 Acceptance criteria level 1

Maximum allowable length (Lmax) Maximum allowable


if h < h2 or h3. height (h1) when
L > Lmax
Surface Embedded
breaking
Thickness range Lmax [mm] h3 [mm] h2 [mm] h1 [mm]
6mm< d d 15mm 0.75 x d d 1.5 2 1
15mm< d d 50mm 0.75 x d d 2 3 1
50mm< d d 100mm 40 2.5 4 2
d d > 100mm 50 3 5 2

Table 2: Acceptance criteria for acceptance level 1

6.1.2 Acceptance criteria level 2

Maximum allowable length (Lmax) Maximum allowable


if h < h2 or h3. height (h1) when
L > Lmax
Surface Embedded
breaking
Thickness range Lmax [mm] h3 [mm] h2 [mm] h1 [mm]
6mm< d d 15mm dd 2 2 1
15mm< d d 50mm dd 2 4 1
50mm< d d 100mm 50 3 5 2
d d > 100mm 60 4 6 3

Table 3: Acceptance criteria for acceptance level 2

6.1.3 Acceptance criteria level 3

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
Document number: < Assigned by PM > Acceptance
Criteria PA
Maximum allowable length (Lmax) Maximum allowable
if h < h2 or h3. height (h1) when
L > Lmax
Surface Embedded
breaking
Thickness range Lmax [mm] h3 [mm] h2 [mm] h1 [mm]
6mm< d d 15mm d d x 1.5 (max. 20) 2 2 1
15mm< d d 50mm d d x 1.5 (max. 60) 2.5 4.5 2
50mm< d d 100mm 60 4 6 3
d d > 100mm 75 5 8 4

Table 4: Acceptance criteria for acceptance level 3

For welds joining two different thicknesses, the thinner of those two is leading for the acceptance
criteria.

Surface breaking and embedded discontinuities may have a maximum accumulated length of 10% of
the total weld length with a maximum of 500 mm.
Cracks are not allowed.

6.2 Groups of indications

Indications shall be considered as a group if:

The distance between two indications along the weld is less than the length of the longest
indication.

The distance between two indications in thickness direction of the weld is less than the height of
the highest indication.

The sum of the lengths of the individual indications measured along the weld over a length of 12d d
shall be less or equal to:

Level 1 : 3.5d d with a maximum of 150 mm


Level 2 : 4d d with a maximum of 200 mm
Level 3 : 4.5d d with a maximum of 250 mm

Indications that do not fulfil the requirements mentioned above should be considered as single
indications.
Defect dimensions h and l for a group of indications shall include the distance between the
individual indications

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
Document number: < Assigned by PM > Acceptance
Criteria PA

6.3 Single diffraction signals (Point-like discontinuities)

The maximum allowable number (N) of single diffraction signals (point-like discontinuities) in any 150
mm of weld length can be calculated with:

N = (rounded number of) wall thickness [mm] x 1.2

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
Document number: < Assigned by PM > Acceptance
Criteria PA
7. For techniques based on Length and reference

7.1 Longitudinal indications

Table A.1 gives information on the techniques used for evaluation of indications according to ISO 17640 and
the related evaluation and acceptance levels. Table A.2 specifies the acceptance levels for technique 2 using
transverse waves. Table A.3 specifies the acceptance levels for technique 2 using longitudinal waves.
For techniques 1 (side-drilled holes) and 3 (rectangular notch), see Figures A.1 to
A.4.
For techniques 2 [flat-bottom holes (disk-shaped reflectors)] and 4 (tandem technique), see Figures A.5 to A.8.
Any indication with amplitude below the acceptance level but with a length (above evaluation level)
exceeding t, for the thickness range of 8 mm u t < 15 mm, or t/2 or 20 mm, whichever is the larger, for all
other thickness ranges, shall be subject to further testing. This requires the use of additional probe angle(s),
and, if specified, the tandem
technique.
The final evaluation shall be based on the maximum echo amplitude and length
measured.

7.2 Transverse indications

When detection of transverse indications is specified, the acceptance levels stated in 5.2
apply.

7.3 Grouping of indications

Grouping is based on the length and the separation of two individually acceptable indications having
amplitudes above the recording level. The length of a group shall not be used for further grouping.
For evaluation, a group of indications shall be considered as a single one
if:
a) the distance, dx, is less than twice the length of the longer indication (see Figure 1);
b) the distance, dy, is less than half of the thickness but not more than 10 mm;
c) the distance, dz, is less than half of the thickness but not more than 10 mm.
The combined length is:
l12 = l1 + l2 + dx

(see Figure
2).
The combined length, l12, and the larger maximum amplitude of the two indications shall then be assessed
against the applicable acceptance levels given in Table A.1.

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
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Criteria PA

Key
d x, d y, d z distances in the x-, y-, and z-directions, respectively
ln where n = 1 3, individual indications

Figure 1 Geometric configuration for grouped indications

Key
dx distance in the x-direction
l1, l2 individual indications
l12 combined length

Figure 2 Length of a group of indications

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
Document number: < Assigned by PM > Acceptance
Criteria PA
7.4 Cumulative length of acceptable indications

The cumulative length of all individually acceptable indications above recording level is given as the sum of
lengths of both single indications and linearly aligned indications of combined length within a given section of
weld length.

Key
lc cumulative length
lc = l2 + l3 + l45 + l6
lw weld length
ln where n = 1 7, individual indications

Figure 3 Cumulative length of indications

For any section of weld length, lw, the maximum cumulative length of all individually acceptable indications
above the recording level shall not exceed 20 % of this length for acceptance level 2, or 30 % of this length for
acceptance level 3, where lw = 6 t for t < 15 mm and lw = 100 mm for t W 15 mm.

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Annex A
(normative)

Levels

Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 2
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness

Figure A.1 Levels for techniques 1 and 3 for thicknesses 8 mm to 15 mm Acceptance level 2

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
Document number: < Assigned by PM > Acceptance
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Key

1 reference level
2 acceptance level 3
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness

Figure A.2 Levels for techniques 1 and 3 for thicknesses 8 mm to 15 mm Acceptance level 3

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
Document number: < Assigned by PM > Acceptance
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Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 2
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness

Figure A.3 Levels for technique 1 for thicknesses 15 mm to 100 mm Acceptance level 2

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
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Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 3
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness

Figure A.4 Levels for technique 1 for thicknesses 15 mm to 100 mm Acceptance level 3

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
Document number: < Assigned by PM > Acceptance
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Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 2
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness

Figure A.5 Levels for technique 2 for thicknesses 8 mm to 15 mm Acceptance level 2

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
Document number: < Assigned by PM > Acceptance
Criteria PA

Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 3
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness

Figure A.6 Levels for technique 2 for thicknesses 8 mm to 15 mm Acceptance level 3

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
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Criteria PA

Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 2
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness

Figure A.7 Levels for technique 2 for thicknesses 15 mm to 100 mm Acceptance level 2

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Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 2
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness

Figure A.8 Levels for technique 4 for thicknesses 15 mm to 100 mm Acceptance level 2

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ISO

Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 3
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t
t thickness

Figure A.9 Levels for technique 2 for thicknesses 15 mm to 100 mm Acceptance level 3

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
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Criteria PA

Key
1 reference level
2 acceptance level 3
3 recording level
4 evaluation level
H amplitude
l indication length
n multiplier of t t thickness

Figure A.10 Levels for technique 4 for thicknesses 15 mm to 100 mm Acceptance


level 3

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
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Table A.1 Acceptance levels 2 and 3 for techniques 1, 2, 3, and 4

Technique Evaluation level Acceptance level 2 (AL 2) Acceptance level 3 (AL 3)


(according to
ISO 17640) for AL 2 for AL 3 8 mm t < 15 mm 15 mm t < 100 mm 8 mm t < 15 mm 15 mm t < 100 mm
0 0
For l 0,5 t: For l 0,5 t:
For l t: H0 For l t: H0 + 4 dB
1 H0 4 dB For 0,5 t < l t: H0 For 0,5 t < l t:
H0 14 dB H0 10 dB
(side-drilled holes) For l > t: H 6 dB For l > t: H 2 dB
H0 10 dB For l > t: H0 6 dB For l > t:
0 0
H0 10 dB H0 6 dB
0 0
For l 0,5 t: For l 0,5 t:
2 For l t: H0 + 6 dB For l t: H0 + 10 dB For
H 8 dB H 4 dB
H0 + 2 dB For 0,5 t < l t: H0 + 6 dB 0,5 t < l t:
[flat-bottom holes
in accordance with in accordance with For l > t: H For l > t: H + 4 dB
(disk-shaped
Table A.2 or A.3 Table A.2 or A.3 H0 4 dB H0
reflectors)] For l > t: For l > t:
H0 4 dB H0

For l t: For l t:
3 H0 4 dB H0
H0 14 dB H0 10 dB
(rectangular notch) For l > t: For l > t:
H0 10 dB H0 6 dB
0 0
For l 0,5 t: For l 0,5 t:
H0 8 dB H0 4 dB
4 For 0,5 t < l t: For 0,5 t < l t:
H0 22 dB H0 18 dB
(tandem technique) H 14 dB H 10 dB
For l > t: For l > t:
H0 18 dB H0 14 dB

Recording levels are 4 dB below the corresponding acceptance levels.


H0 is the reference level.

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Table A.2 Reference levels for acceptance levels 2 and 3 for technique 2 using angle beam scanning with transverse waves
Thickness of parent material, t
Nominal probe frequency
8 mm u t < 15 mm 15 mm u t < 40 mm 40 mm u t < 100 mm
MHz
AL 2 AL 3 AL 2 AL 3 AL 2 AL 3

1,5 to 2,5 DDSR = 2,5 mm DDSR = 2,5 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm

3,0 to 5,0 DDSR = 1,5 mm DDSR = 1,5 mm DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm

DDSR is the diameter of the disk-shaped reflector.

Table A.3 Reference levels for acceptance levels 2 and 3 for technique 2 using straight beam scanning with longitudinal waves

Thickness of parent material, t


Nominal probe frequency
8 mm u t < 15 mm 15 mm u t < 40 mm 40 mm u t < 100 mm
MHz
AL 2 AL 3 AL 2 AL3 AL 2 AL 3

1,5 to 2,5 DDSR = 2,5 mm DDSR = 2,5 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm

3,0 to 5,0 DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 2,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm DDSR = 3,0 mm

DDSR is the diameter of the disk-shaped reflector.

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
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PA

8. Assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic


structures based on fitness for purpose
The limitations of non-destructive testing methods have to be taken into account. The
following are the stages in the assessment of flaws revealed by such tests.

a) If the flaws do not exceed the quality control levels in this standard, no further action is
required.
b) If acceptance limits have already been established on the basis of an ECA for the
appropriate combination of materials, fabrication procedure, welding consumables, stress and
environmental factors, flaws need to be assessed on that basis.
c) If no relevant documented experience exists, then an ECA based on the guidance given in
ISO (BS 7910) needs to be carried out.

8.1 If the flaws do not exceed the quality control levels in this
standard
If the flaws do not exceed the quality control levels in this standard, no further action is
required.

8.2 If acceptance limits have already been established on the basis


of an ECA
If acceptance limits have already been established on the basis of an ECA for the appropriate
combination of materials, fabrication procedure, welding consumables, stress and
environmental factors, flaws need to be assessed on that basis.

8.2.1 Detection and acceptance level


a) If the flaws do not exceed the quality control levels in this standard, no further action
is required.
b) If the flaws do exceed the quality control levels in this standard, flaw can be accepted
on basis of ECA.
c) If the flaws to be detected and rejected are smaller than described in this standard,
detection and evaluation of critical defects shall be demonstrated on representative
validation blocks ( a representative validation block is made from an equal material of
subject under evaluation with a wall thickness 0,8 to 1,5 times the wall thickness and a
curvature 0,8 to 1,5 times the curvature of the subject to be tested)

8.3 If no relevant documented experience exists


If no relevant documented experience exists, then an ECA based on the guidance given in ISO
(BS 7910) needs to be carried out.

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Document title: Proposal for Acceptance Criteria PA
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PA
8.3.1 Detection and acceptance level
d) If the flaws do not exceed the quality control levels in this standard, no further action
is required.
e) If the flaws do exceed the quality control levels in this standard, flaw can be accepted
on basis of ECA.
f) If the flaws to be detected and rejected are smaller than described in this standard,
detection and evaluation of critical defects shall be demonstrated on representative
validation blocks ( a representative validation block is made from an equal material of
subject under evaluation with a wall thickness 0,8 to 1,5 times the wall thickness and a
curvature 0,8 to 1,5 times the curvature of the subject to be tested)

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