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UPDATESONCHAPTER2:

MINIMUMDESIGNLOADS
NATIONALSTRUCTURALCODE
OFTHEPHILIPPINES
NSCP2015,VOLUME1

RonaldoS.Ison,F.ASEP,PP20022004,FPICE
Chancellor,CollegeofFellows
SignificantChangestoChapter2
MinimumDesignLoads

Loadcombinationsforarechangedduetothe
useofstrengthbasedwindloadingbasedon
ASCE710
Additionalliveloaddesignationsforparking,
garage,andrampliveloading
Basicwindspeedarerevisedbasedonlatest
studies
Forcommunicationtowers,ANSITIA/EIA222G
latesteditionisfullyreferencedintheNSCP
SignificantChangestoChapter2
MinimumDesignLoads

Nearsourcefactorsarerevisedtoconsiderdistance
tosource<2kmtobedistinctandwithhighervalues
RevisionofmagnitudelimitsforSeismicSourceType
A
UseofspectralaccelerationbasedonASCE/SEI710
isrecognizedasanalternativeprocedurefor
determiningearthquakeforces

RestoftheSectionsinChapter2areunchangedwith
referencetoNSCP20106th Edition
Material
Densities
Loadings
DeadLoads
Loadings
LiveLoads
Loadings
LiveLoads
Loadings
LiveLoads
LiveLoad
Reduction
LiveLoad
Reduction
Loadings
RoofLoads
Loadings
EarthquakeLoads

SCOPE
Structuresorportionsthereofshallbe,asa
minimum,bedesignedandconstructedtoresist
theeffectsofseismicgroundmotion

SEISMICANDWINDDESIGN
Whenthecodeprescribedproducesgreater
effects,thewinddesignshallgovern,but
detailingrequirementsandlimitationsofSection
208EarthquakeLoadsshallbefollowed.
EarthquakeLoads
DesignBaseShear StaticForceProcedure

Cv I
V W (2089)
RT
Thetotaldesignbaseshearneednotexceedthe
following:
2.5Ca I
V W (20810)
R
EarthquakeLoads
DesignBaseShear StaticForceProcedure

Thetotaldesignbaseshearshallnotbelessthan
thefollowing:
V 0.11Ca I W (20811)

Inaddition,forSeismicZone4,thetotalbaseshear
shallalsonotbelessthanthefollowing:
0.8ZN v I (20812)
V W
R
Occupancy
Categories
Occupancy
Categories
SeismicImportanceFactors

NSCP2015andNSCP2010
SoilProfileTypes

NSCP2015andNSCP2010
SeismicSourceTypes

NSCP2015 NSCP2010
NearSourceFactors

NSCP2015 NSCP2010
SeismicCoefficients

NSCP2015 NSCP2010
SeismicCoefficients

NSCP2015 NSCP2010
ResponseModificationand
Overstrength Factors
SeismicMap
ofthePhilippines

ThePhilippinesisdivided
intotwo(2)SeismicZones:

SeismicZone2(Z=0.2)
IslandsoF Palawan,Tawi
Tawi andSulu

SeismicZone4(Z=0.4)
RestofthePhilippine
Islands
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

DistributionofActive
FaultsandTrenches
(PHIVOLCS)
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsinthe
Cordillera
AdministrativeRegion
(CAR)
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsand
TrenchesinRegion1
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsand
TrenchesinRegion2
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsinRegion3
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsand
TrenchesinRegion4A
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsinRegion4B
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsand
TrenchesinRegion5
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsand
TrenchesinRegion6
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsand
TrenchesinRegion7
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsand
TrenchesinRegion8
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsand
TrenchesinRegion9
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsand
TrenchesinRegion10
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsand
TrenchesinRegion11
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsand
TrenchesinRegion12
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsand
TrenchesinRegion13
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsandTrenchesinAutonomousRegion
ofMuslimMindanao(ARMM)
FaultMap
ofthePhilippines

ActiveFaultsin
NationalCapital
Region(NCR)
EarthquakeLoads
DesignBaseShear StaticForceProcedure

Cv I
V W (2089)
RT
Thetotaldesignbaseshearneednotexceedthe
following:
2.5Ca I
V W (20810)
R
EarthquakeLoads
DesignBaseShear StaticForceProcedure

Thetotaldesignbaseshearshallnotbelessthan
thefollowing:
V 0.11Ca I W (20811)

Inaddition,forSeismicZone4,thetotalbaseshear
shallalsonotbelessthanthefollowing:
0.8ZN v I (20812)
V W
R
EarthquakeLoads
BuildingPeriod,T

Ct = 0.0853 for steel SMRF

T=Ct(hn)3/4
=0.0853(30)3/4
=1.093sec

30 m
Ct = 0.0731 for concrete SMRF
T=Ct(hn)3/4
=0.0731(30)3/4
=0.937sec
Ground
Ct = 0.0488 for other systems
6m

T=Ct(hn)3/4
=0.0488(30)3/4
=0.626sec
EarthquakeLoads
SampleProblem DesignBaseShear

Given:
Zone4,Z=0.4
SeismicSourceType=A

25m
Distancetoseismicsource=10km
SoilProfileType=Sc
I=1.0
R=8.5
W=7300kN
EarthquakeLoads
SampleProblem DesignBaseShear

DeterminethestructureperiodTusingMethodA.
Forconcretemomentresistingframes,Ct is0.0731
T=Ct(hn)3/4
=0.0731(25)3/4
=0.81sec.
FindnearsourcefactorsNaandNv fromTables
2089and20810forSeismicSourceTypeAand
distancetoseismicsourceof10km.
Na=1.0 Nv =1.2
EarthquakeLoads
SampleProblem DesignBaseShear

DetermineseismiccoefficientsCaandCv from
Tables20811and20812forsoilprofiletypeSc
andZone4.

Ca =0.40NaCv =0.56Nv
=0.4x1.0 =0.56x1.2
=0.4=0.672
EarthquakeLoads
SampleProblem DesignBaseShear

Thetotaldesignbaseshearinagivendirectionis:
V=CVI/RTxW (NSCP2084)
=0.672(1.0)/(8.5x.81)x7300
=712kN (GOVERNS)
the total design base shear need not exceed the
following:
V=2.5(CaI)/RxW(NSCP2085)
=2.5(0.40)1.0/8.5x7300
=858kN
EarthquakeLoads
SampleProblem DesignBaseShear

thebaseshearshallnotbelessthanthe
following:
V =0.11CaIW(NSCP2086)
=0.11(0.40)(1.0)(7300)
=321kN
in Seismic Zone 4, the total design base shear
shall also be not less than:
V = 0.8NvI/R x W (NSCP 2087)
= 0.8(0.40)(1.20)(1.0)/8.5 x 7300
= 330 kN
EarthquakeLoads
VerticalDistribution

Thetotaldesignbaseshear,V,shallbedistributedat
differentfloorlevelsaccordingtothefollowing:
Fx =(VFt)xwxhx
wxhx
where:
V :designbaseshear
Ft :.07TV,whenperiod,T>0.7second, elseFt=0
wx :massatfloorlevel
hx :heightoffloorfromgroundlevel
EarthquakeLoads
DynamicAnalysis ResponseSpectrum
LoadCombinations

Buildings,towers andotherverticalstructures
andallportionsthereofshallbedesignedto
resisttheloadcombinationsinNSCPSection
203.

Thecriticaleffectcanoccurwhenoneormore
ofthecontributingloadsarenotacting.
LoadDefinitions

D =deadload
E =earthquakeload
Em =estimatedmaximumearthquakeforcethat
canbedevelopedinthestructure
F =loadduetofluidswithwelldefinedpressuresand
maximumheights
H =loadduetolateralpressureofsoilandwater
insoil
L =liveload,exceptroofliveload,includinganypermitted
liveloadreduction
Lr =roofliveload,includinganypermittedliveload
reduction
LoadDefinitions

L =liveload,exceptroofliveload,includingany
permittedliveloadreduction
Lr =roofliveload,includinganypermittedliveload
reduction
R =rainloadontheundeflected roof
T = selfstrainingforceandeffectsarisingfrom
contractionorexpansionresultingfrom
temperaturechange, shrinkage,moisture
change,creepincomponentmaterials,
movementduetodifferential
settlement,orcombinationsthereof
W =loadduetowindpressure
LoadCombinationsfor
RCDesignandSteelDesign

U=1.4(D+F)
U =1.2(D+F+T)+1.6(L+H)+0.5(Lr orR)
U =1.2D+1.6(Lr orR)+(f1L or0.50W)
U =1.2D+1.0 W+f1 L+0.5(Lr orR)
U =1.2D +1.0E+f1 L
U= 0.9 D+1.0 W+1.6 H
U =0.9D +1.0E +1.6H
f1 =1.0forfloorsinplacesofpublicassembly,
forliveloadsinexcessof4.8kPa,
andforgarageliveload
=0.5forotherliveloads
LoadCombinationforStrengthDesign

Applicationofthestrengthdesignload
combinationsthatinvolvetheseismicload E
forthemomentresistingframe

Z=0.4
Ca =0.44
I =1.0
=1.1
f1 =0.5
LoadCombinationforStrengthDesign

BeamABandColumnCDareelementsofthespecialmoment
resistingframe.Structuralanalysishasprovidedthefollowing
individualbeammomentsatA,andthecolumnaxialloadsand
momentsatCduetodeadload,officebuildingliveload,and
lateralseismicforces.
DeadLoadDLiveLoadLLateralSeismicLoadEh
BeamMomentatA 135kNm 65kNm 165kNm
ColumnCDaxialload400kN 180kN 490kN
ColumnMomentatC55kNm 30kNm 220kNm
PROBLEM:FindthestrengthdesignmomentatbeamendA
andstrengthdesignaxialloadandmomentatcolumntopC.
LoadCombinationforStrengthDesign

StrengthdesignmomentatbeamendA.
DetermineearthquakeloadE:
TheearthquakeloadE consistsoftwocomponentsas
shownbelowinequation(2081).Eh isdueto
horizontalforces,andEv isduetoverticalforces.
E =Eh +Ev (Section2081)
Themomentduetoverticalearthquakeforcesis
calculated
Ev =0.5CaID =0.5(0.44)(1.0)(135)=29.7kNm
LoadCombinationforStrengthDesign

Themomentduetohorizontalearthquake
forcesisgivenas
Eh =165kNm
Therefore
=Eh +Ev =1.1(165)+29.7=211kNm
LoadCombinationforStrengthDesign

U=1.4(D+F)=1.4D
U =1.2(D+F+T)+1.6(L+H)+0.5(Lr orR)

=1.2D+1.6L
U =1.2D+1.6(Lr orR)+(f1L or0.50W)

=1.2D+0.5L
U =1.2D+1.0 W+f1 L+0.5(Lr orR)=1.2D+0.5L

U =1.2D +1.0E+f1 L=1.2D+1.0E +0.5L

U= 0.9 D+1.0 W+1.6 H=0.9D

U =0.9D +1.0E +1.6H =0.9D+1.0E


LoadCombinationforStrengthDesign

Applyearthquakeloadcombinations
Thebasicloadcombinationsforstrengthdesign(orLRFD)aregiveninSection203.3.1.Forthisexample,theapplicableequationsare:

1.2D +1.0E +f1L (Section2035)


0.9D 1.0E (Section2036)
UsingEquation(2035)andEquation(2036),thestrengthdesignmomentatAforcombineddead,live,andseismicforcesaredetermined.

MA = 1.2MD+1.0ME+ f1ML
=1.2(135)+1.0(211)+0.5(65)
=406kNm

MA = 0.9MD1.0ME=0.9(135)1.0(211)=333kNmor90kNm
Therefore,MA =406kNmor90kNm
LoadCombinationforStrengthDesign
Applyearthquakeloadcombinations,
continuation

MA = 0.9MD 1.0ME
=0.9(135) 1.0(211)
=333kNmor90kNm
MA = 1.2MD+1.6ML
=1.2(135)+1.6(65)
=266kNm

Therefore,MA =406kNmor90kNm
Strengthdesignaxialloadandmomentatcolumn
topC.
DetermineEarthquakeloadE:
E =Eh +Ev
where

Ev =0.5CaID =0.22D
foraxialload

E =Eh +Ev =1.1(490)+0.22(400)=627kN


formoment

E =Eh +Ev =1.1(220)+0.22(55)=254kN


ApplyEarthquakeLoadcombinations:
1.2D+1.0E+f1L (Section2035)
0.9D 1.0E (Section2036)

DesignaxialforcePc atpointC iscalculatedas


Pc =1.2D+1.0E+f1L
=1.2(400)+1.0(627)+0.5(180)
=1197kN

Pc =0.9D 1.0E=0.9(400) 1.0(627)=987kNmor267kN

Therefore,Pc =1197kNor267kN
ApplyEarthquakeLoadcombinations,continued
1.2D+1.0E+f1L (Section2035)
0.9D 1.0E (Section2036)

DesignaxialforcePc atpointC iscalculatedas


Pc =0.9D 1.0E
=0.9(400) 1.0(627)
=987kNmor267kN
Therefore,Pc =1197kNor267kN
DesignmomentMc atpointC iscalculated:

Mc =1.2D +1.0E +f1L


=1.2(55)+1.0(254)+0.5(30)
=335kNm

Mc =0.9D 1.0E
=0.9(55) 1.0(254)
=304kNmor205kNm

Therefore,Mc =335kNmor205kNm

NotethatthecolumnsectioncapacitymustbedesignedfortheinteractionofPc =1197kN compressionandMc =335kNm(fordead,liveand


earthquake),andtheinteractionofPc =267kN tensionandMc =205kNm(fordeadandearthquake).
DesignmomentMc atpointC iscalculated,continued

Notethatthecolumnsectioncapacitymustbe
designedfortheinteractionofPc =1197kN
compressionandMc =335kNm(fordead,liveand
earthquake),andtheinteractionofPc =267kN
tensionandMc =205kNm(fordeadand
earthquake).
SignificantChangestoChapter2
MinimumDesignLoads

Loadcombinationsforarechangedduetothe
useofstrengthbasedwindloadingbasedon
ASCE710
Additionalliveloaddesignationsforparking,
garage,andrampliveloading
Basicwindspeedarerevisedbasedonlatest
studies
Forcommunicationtowers,ANSITIA/EIA222G
latesteditionisfullyreferencedintheNSCP
SignificantChangestoChapter2
LoadsandActions

Nearsourcefactorsarerevisedtoconsiderdistance
tosource<2kmtobedistinctandwithhighervalues
RevisionofmagnitudelimitsforSeismicSourceType
A
UseofspectralaccelerationbasedonASCE/SEI710
isrecognizedasanalternativeprocedurefor
determiningearthquakeforces

RestoftheSectionsinChapter2areunchangedwith
referencetoNSCP20106th Edition
THANKYOU

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