CONTENTS

LIST OF ACRONYMS ii
I. OVERVIEW 1
General Information 1
SPN21 Education Structure 2
II. EDUCATION STATISTICS [2010 - 2014] 3
Number of Schools, Teachers, and Students of Brunei Darussalam 2014 3
Number of Schools by Sector and Level of Education 4
Total Number of Schools 5
Number of Students by Sector and Level of Education 6
Total Number of Students 7
Number of Teachers by Sector and Level of Education 8
Total Number of Teachers 9
Pre-Primary and Primary Enrolment by Age 2014 10
Secondary Enrolment by Age 2014 10
Sixth Form Enrolment by Age 2014 10
Vocational and Technical Enrolment by Age 2014 10
Higher Education Enrolment by Age 2014 11
Number of Graduates by Institutions 2010 - 2014 11

III. EDUCATION INDICATORS [2010 - 2014] 12

Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) and Net Enrolment Rate (NER) in Pre-Primary Education 12
Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) and Net Enrolment Rate (NER) in Primary Education 13
Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) and Net Enrolment Rate (NER) in Secondary Education 14
Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) and Net Enrolment Rate (NER) in Post-Secondary Education 15
Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) and Net Enrolment Rate (NER) in Higher Education 16
Gross Intake Rate (GIR) and Net Intake Rate (NIR) in Primary Education 17
Repetition Rate in Primary Education by Grade 18
Distribution of Primary Teachers by Qualifications 19
Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR) by Level of Education 20

IV. GLOSSARY 21

i
LIST OF ACRONYMS

MoE - Ministry of Education

MoRA - Ministry of Religious Affairs

MoCYS - Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports

PMO - Prime Minister's Office

Private - Schools/Institutions under private sector

DPDR - Department of Planning, Development and Research

DEPD - Department of Economic Planning and Development

PB - Politeknik Brunei

ITB - Institut Teknologi Brunei

UBD - Universiti Brunei Darussalam

UNISSA - Universiti Sultan Sharif Ali

KUPUSB - Kolej Universiti Perguruan Ugama Seri Begawan

IGS - International Graduate Studies College

LCB - Laksamana College of Business

HND - Higher National Diploma

GER - Gross Enrolment Rate

NER - Net Enrolment Rate

GPI - Gender Parity Index

NIR - Net Intake Rate

GIR - Gross Intake Rate

PTR - Pupil-Teacher Ratio

MF - Male and Female

F - Female

M - Male

ii
 I II Overview
Overview
Overview
General
General
GeneralInformation
Information
Information

Total
Total
Total
Population
Population
Population 411,900
411,900
411,900
Annual
Annual
Annual
Rate
Rate
Rate
ofof
of
Increase
Increase
Increase 1.4
1.4
1.4
Life
Life
Life
Expectancy
Expectancy
Expectancyatat
at
Birth
Birth
Birth 77.4
77.4
77.4
Infant
Infant
Infant
Mortality
Mortality
Mortality
Rate
Rate
Rate
per
per
per
1000
1000
1000
live
live
live
births
births
births 7.4
7.4
7.4
Literacy
Literacy
Literacy
Rate
Rate
Rate
(Total)
(Total)
(Total) 97.6
97.6
97.6
Literacy
Literacy
Literacy
Rate
Rate
Rate
(Male)
(Male)
(Male) 98.3
98.3
98.3
Literacy
Literacy
Literacy
Rate
Rate
Rate
(Female)
(Female)
(Female) 96.9
96.9
96.9
GDP
GDP
GDPper
per
per
Capita
Capita
Capitaatat
at
current
current
current
prices
prices
prices 52,614.0*
52,614.0*
52,614.0*
Number
Number
Number
ofof
of
Schools
Schools
Schools 258
258
258
Number
Number
Number
ofof
of
Teachers
Teachers
Teachers 10896
10896
10896
Number
Number
Number
ofof
of
Students
Students
Students 116168
116168
116168
Teacher
Teacher
Teacher
toto
to
Student
Student
Student
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio 1:11
1:11
1:11
School
School
School
toto
to
Student
Student
Student
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio 1:452
1:452
1:452
School
School
School
toto
to
Teacher
Teacher
Teacher
Ratio
Ratio
Ratio 1:42
1:42
1:42
Number
Number
Number
ofof
of
Graduates
Graduates
Graduates
atat
at
Higher
Higher
Higher
Education
Education
Education
(local
(local
(local
institutions)
institutions)
institutions) 3433
3433
3433

Note:
Note:
Note:
* *-* -Based
- Based
Based
onon
on
the
the
the
revised
revised
revised
and
and
and
rebasing
rebasing
rebasing
ofof
the
ofthe
the
national
national
national
accounts
accounts
accounts
with
with
with
basic
basic
basic
year
year
year
2010,
2010,
2010,
Department
Department
Department
ofofof
Economic
Economic
Economic Planning
Planning
Planning
and
and
and
Development.
Development.
Development.

Source:
Source:
Source:
Department
Department
Department
ofof
Economic
ofEconomic
Economic
Planning
Planning
Planning
and
and
and
Development,
Development,
Development,Prime
Prime
Prime
Minister's
Minister's
Minister's
Office
Office
Office
(2014).
(2014).
(2014).
Department
Department
Department
ofof
Planning,
ofPlanning,
Planning,
Development
Development
Development and
and
and
Research,
Research,
Research,
Ministry
Ministry
Ministry
ofof
Education
ofEducation
Education
(2014).
(2014).
(2014).

1
 SPN 21 Education System Structure

2
Source:
SPN21, Ministry of Education (2013)
 IIII Education
EducationStatistics
Statistics[2010
[20102014]
2014]
Number
Number of
of Schools,
Schools, Teachers
Teachers and
and Students
Students in
in All
All Districts
Districts of
of
Brunei Darussalam
Brunei Darussalam [2014]
[2014]

Source:
Source:Education
EducationStatistics
Statistics2014,
2014,DPDR
DPDR

3
 Number of Schools by Sector and Level of Education

Year
Sector Ministry Level of Education
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Pre-Primary
119 119 119 120 120
Primary
Secondary 30 30 31 31 32
MoE
Sixth form 3 3 4 4 4
Vocational Technical 7 7 7 7 7
Higher Education 3 3 4 4 4
Government
Primary 3 5 4 5 5
Secondary 4 1 2 2 2
MoRA
Sixth Form 1 1 1 1 1
Higher Education 1 1 1 1 1
MoCYS Vocational Technical 1 1 1 1 1
PMO Vocational Technical 1 1 1 1 1
Pre-Primary
Primary
81 79 79 74 76
Secondary
Private
Sixth Form
Vocational Technical 3 2 2 3 3
Higher Education 1 2 2 2 2
TOTAL 258 255 258 256 259
Source: Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR

4
 Total Number of Schools

MoE MoRA MoCYS PMO Private

300

250
NUMBER OF SCHOOLS

200

150

100

50

0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
YEAR

Number of Schools 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

MoE 162 162 165 166 167
MoRA 9 8 8 9 9
Government
MoCYS 1 1 1 1 1
PMO 1 1 1 1 1
Private 85 83 83 79 81
TOTAL 258 255 258 256 259
Source: Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR

5
 Number of Students by Sector and Level of Education

Year
Sector Ministry Level of Education
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Pre-Primary 3658 3434 3285 2961 3052
Primary 27184 26753 25770 24917 23726
Secondary 33088 33167 32704 30803 29907
MoE
Sixth form 4814 4910 5691 5678 4723
Vocational Technical 2328 2909 3967 4609 3409
Higher Education 5291 5812 6940 7738 9472
Government
Primary 932 990 1049 1088 1236
Secondary 1220 1470 1599 1851 2030
MoRA
Sixth form 298 296 334 424 442
Higher Education 530 566 648 732 820
MoCYS Vocational Technical 341 328 304 254 241
PMO Vocational Technical 46 46 40 37 17
Pre-Primary 9420 9619 9810 10073 10324
Primary 16099 16024 15934 16085 16116
Secondary 5536 5697 5722 5675 5832
Private
Sixth Form 370 370 382 446 453
Vocational Technical 683 723 1653 1793 1955
Higher Education 82 758 1454 327 2413
TOTAL 111920 113872 117286 115491 116168
Source: Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR

6
 Total Number of Students

118000
117286
117000
116168
116000
115491

115000
NUMBER OF STUDENTS

114000 113872

113000

111920
112000

111000

110000

109000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

YEAR

Sector Ministry 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

MoE 76363 76985 78357 76706 74289
MoRA 2980 3322 3630 4095 4528
Government
MoCYS 341 328 304 254 241
PMO 46 46 40 37 17
Private 32190 33191 34955 34399 37093
TOTAL 111920 113872 117286 115491 116168
Source: Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR

7
 Number of Teachers by Sector and Level of Education

Year
Sector Ministry Level of Education
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Pre-Primary 264 256 247 205 259
Primary 2658 2859 2866 2885 2762

Secondary 3142 3256 3230 3191 3324

MoE
Sixth form 461 480 513 518 543
Vocational Technical 463 478 464 503 527
Higher Education 636 608 621 599 618
Government
Primary 104 110 142 70 143
Secondary 222 257 334 312 245
MoRA
Sixth form 60 58 59 136 64
Higher Education 47 45 36 44 48
MoCYS Vocational Technical 14 25 53 19 23
PMO Vocational Technical 17 19 18 17 16
Pre-Primary 402 825 716 482 527
Primary 1134 892 1030 1135 1099
Secondary 500
Private 490 426 463 585
Sixth Form 26 (i)
Vocational Technical 39 24 58 79 91
Higher Education 9 36 52 24 81
TOTAL 10162 10654 10902 10804 10896
Source: Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR

Note:
(i) - Teachers teaching at both Secondary and Sixth Form levels are included under Secondary.

8
 Total Number of Teachers

12000
NUMBER OF TEACHERS

11000 10902 10896

10804
10654

10162

10000

9000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
YEAR

Ministry 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

MoE 7624 7937 7941 7901 8033
MoRA 433 470 571 562 500
Government
MoCYS 14 25 53 19 23
PMO 17 19 18 17 16
Private 2074 2203 2319 2305 2324
TOTAL 10162 10654 10902 10804 10896
Source: Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR

9
 Pre-Primary and Primary Enrolment by Age [2014]
Age (in years)
Level Gender Total
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
MF 136 2411 3788 5659 1341 39 2 0 0 0 0 13376
Pre-
M 67 1217 1926 2926 709 25 1 0 0 0 0 6871
Primary
F 69 1194 1862 2733 632 14 1 0 0 0 0 6505
MF 0 0 0 583 4852 6620 7275 7015 6917 6543 1273 41078
Primary M 0 0 0 296 2454 3374 3823 3576 3679 3313 578 21093
F 0 0 0 287 2398 3246 3452 3439 3238 3230 695 19985
Source: Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR

Secondary Enrolment by Age [2014]

Age (in years)
Level Gender Total
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
MF 1712 5723 7398 7796 6776 5375 2228 761 37769
Secondary M 812 2905 3760 4113 3620 2899 1313 500 19922
F 900 2818 3638 3683 3156 2476 915 261 17847
Source: Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR

Sixth Form Enrolment by Age [2014]

Age (in years)
Level Gender Total
14 15 16 17 18
MF 9 305 1334 2031 1939 5618
Sixth Form M 3 128 551 824 852 2358
F 6 177 783 1207 1087 3260
Source: Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR

Vocational Technical Enrolment by Age [2014]

Age (in years)
Level Gender Total
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Unknown
MF 397 959 1131 953 684 423 1045 30 5622
Vocational
M 211 504 623 554 425 266 542 16 3141
Technical
F 186 455 508 399 259 157 503 14 2481
Source: Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR

10
 Higher
Higher
Education
Education
Enrolment
Enrolment
by Age
by[2014]
Age [2014]
Age (years)
Age (years)
Level Level
GenderGender 30 - 3530- - 35 -
17 1817 19
18 19
20 20
21 21
22 22
23 24
23 2524 2625 2726 2827 2928 29 Unknown
Unknown
Total Total
34 3934 4039 40
MF 95
MF 460 460 1212
95 1212 1559 1559
1605 1605
1497 1497
1026 713
1026 535
713 302
535 174
302 126
174 99
126 425
99 324
425 177
324 177 12705 12705
2376 2376
Higher Higher
M M
51 178
51 474
178 474
562 562
605 605
529 529
427 270
427 194
270 121
194 65
121 5165 4051 157
40 106
157 71
106 71 5040 5040
1139 1139
Education
Education
F 44
F 282
44 738
282 738
997 1000
997 1000
968 968
599 443
599 341
443 181
341 109
181 75
109 5975 268
59 218
268 106
218 106 7665 7665
1237 1237
Source: Brunei
Source:Darussalam
Brunei Darussalam
Education
Education
StatisticsStatistics
2010 - 2014,
2010DPDR
- 2014, DPDR

Number
Number
of Graduates
of Graduates
by Institutions
by Institutions
(local(local
institutions)
institutions)
2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014
Institutions
Institutions
M M
F MF
F MF
M M
F MF
F MF
M M
F MF
F MF
M M
F MF
F MF
M M
F MF
F MF

11
UBD UBD 350 350
766 1116
766 1116
304 304
729 1033
729 1033
335 335
840 1175
840 1175
298 298
729 1027
729 1027
327 327
791 1118
791 1118
UNISSAUNISSA 0 00 00 0
61 61
88 149
88 149
57 57
76 133
76 133
66 66
82 148
82 148
40 40
75 115
75 115
ITB ITB 210 210
174 384
174 384
178 178
204 382
204 382
173 173
195 368
195 368
195 195
235 430
235 430
185 185
231 416
231 416
PB PB 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0
248 248
334 582
334 582
KUPUSBKUPUSB 59 59
92 151
92 151
79 111
79 190
111 190
67 116
67 183
116 183
104 104
171 275
171 275
73 146
73 219
146 219
LCB LCB 29 29
31 60
31 60
26 26
35 61
35 61
217 217
232 449
232 449
123 123
135 258
135 258
201 201
226 427
226 427
IGS IGS 59 59
33 92
33 92
42 42
45 87
45 87
60 60
36 96
36 96
97 97
86 183
86 183
273 273
283 556
283 556
Source: Brunei
Source:Darussalam
Brunei Darussalam
Education
Education
StatisticsStatistics
2010 - 2014,
2010DPDR
- 2014, DPDR

Note:- Note:-
Pengiran
Pengiran Anak
Anak Puteri Puteri Rashidah
Rashidah SaadatulSaadatul
Bolkiah Nursing
Bolkiah College College
Nursingwas merged merged
was to UBD
UBD intothe in the
year year 2009.
2009.
ITB was ITB was upgraded
upgraded to university
to university level
level in the in the
year 2008.year 2008.
UNISSA UNISSA
was was established
established in the yearin the
2007yearand2007
onlyand
hadonly
theirhad their graduates
graduates in the
in the year year 2011.
2011.
Religious
Religious TeachersTeachers College
College was was upgraded
upgraded to KUPUSB to KUPUSB in the
in the year year 2007.
2007.
Politeknik
Politeknik Brunei started started
Bruneithe first intake
the firstinintake in the
the year year 2012.
2012.
 III Education Indicators [2010 2014]

Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) and Net Enrolment Rate (NER) in

Pre-Primary Education

GER (Pre-Primary) NER (Pre-Primary)

100.00

75.00
66.79 68.39 68.26 67.55 68.29
60.43 59.66 61.47 60.54
59.24
%
50.00

25.00

0.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
YEAR

Number of: 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Enrolment regardless of age 13078 13053 13095 13034 13376
Enrolment age 3-5 years old 11600 11534 11446 11860 11858
Population age 3-5 years old 19581 19085 19184 19295 19586

Source:
Enrolment - Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR
Population Immigration and National Registration Department, 2014

12
 Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) and Net Enrolment Rate (NER) in
Primary Education

GER (Primary) NER (Primary)

101.39 101.51 102.32 102.41

101.35
100.00 97.38 97.58 97.32 98.91 97.78

75.00

%
50.00

25.00

0.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
YEAR

Number of: 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Enrolment regardless of age 44215 43767 42753 42090 41078
Enrolment age 6-11 years old 42466 42073 41052 40688 39222
Population age 6-11 years old 43609 43118 42183 41135 40111

Source:
Enrolment - Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR
Population Immigration and National Registration Department, 2014

13
 Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) and Net Enrolment Rate (NER) in
Secondary Education

GER (Secondary) NER (Secondary)

108.64 109.53 108.25

104.40 102.89
100.00
90.14 91.20 90.48 90.09 90.08

75.00

%
50.00

25.00

0.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
YEAR

Number of: 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Enrolment regardless of age 39844 40334 40025 38329 37769
Enrolment age 12-16 years old 33059 33584 33454 33077 33068
Population age 12-16 years old 36676 36823 36974 36714 36708

Source:
Enrolment - Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR
Population Immigration and National Registration Department, 2014

14
 Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) and Net Enrolment Rate (NER) in
Post-Secondary Education

GER (Post-Secondary) NER (Post-Secondary)

100.00
89.67
85.86

75.42
75.00
66.67
61.79

%
50.00
40.72 39.50
34.80 36.62 35.74

25.00

0.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
YEAR

Number of: 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Enrolment regardless of age 8880 9582 12371 13241 11240
Enrolment age 17-18 years old 5001 5263 5868 5832 5326
Population age 17-18 years old 14372 14373 14409 14766 14903

Source:
Enrolment - Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR
Population Immigration and National Registration Department, 2014

15
 Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) and Net Enrolment Rate (NER) in
Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) and Net Enrolment Rate (NER) in
Higher Education
Higher Education
30.00
30.00
GER (Higher Education) NER (Higher Education)
GER (Higher Education) NER (Higher Education)
25.72
25.72
25.00
25.00

20.00
20.00 18.56
18.56 17.98
17.98
16.49
16.49
14.77
% 15.00 14.77
% 15.00 13.25
12.38 13.25
12.38
10.36 10.64
10.36 10.64
10.00 9.48
10.00 9.48

5.00
5.00

0.00
0.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
YEAR
YEAR

Number of: 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Number of: 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Enrolment regardless of age 5903 7136 9042 8797 12705
Enrolment regardless of age 5903 7136 9042 8797 12705
Enrolment age 19-25 years old 4518 5005 6454 5207 8147
Enrolment age 19-25 years old 4518 5005 6454 5207 8147
Population age 19-25 years old 47683 48315 48719 48936 49394
Population age 19-25 years old 47683 48315 48719 48936 49394
Source:
Source:
Enrolment - Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR
Enrolment - Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR
Population Immigration and National Registration Department, 2014
Population Immigration and National Registration Department, 2014

16
 Gross Intake Rate (GIR) and Net Intake Rate (NIR) in
Primary Education

GIR (Primary) NIR (Primary)

120.00

106.63 108.50
103.43
98.12 100.11
100.00

77.98 78.68
80.00 76.27
68.35 69.50

% 60.00

40.00

20.00

0.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

YEAR

Number of: 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

New Intake Year 1 6954 7091 6896 6780 6369
New Intake Year 1 aged 6 years old 4844 4765 5043 4917 4852
Population age 6 years old 7087 6856 6467 6249 6362

Source: Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR

Population Immigration and National Registration Department, 2014

17
 Repetition Rate in Primary Education by Grade

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6

2014 0.16% 0.17% 0.20% 0.24% 0.21% 0.16%

2013 0.04% 0.04% 0.07% 0.09% 0.08% 0.07%

2012 0.10% 0.09% 0.12% 0.07% 0.05%

2 0 1 1 0.06% 0.10% 0.14% 0.13% 0.27% 0.13%

2010 0.15% 0.12% 0.16% 0.08% 0.22% 0.05%

Source: Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR

18
 Distribution of Primary Teachers by Qualifications

Others Higher National Diploma Bachelor's Degree Master's Degree Doctor's Degree

6000

10
10 8

5000 6 304 401

394
236

3
1193
4000
2119 290
2086
1859
420
3000
1622

1015 1044
1018
2000

3095 961

1000
1669 1769 1674
1128

0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Source: Brunei Darussalam Education Statistics 2010 - 2014, DPDR

19
 Pupil-Teacher
Pupil-TeacherRatio
Ratio(PTR)
(PTR)by
byLevel
Levelof
ofEducation
Education

2525 Pre-Primary
Pre-Primary Primary
Primary Secondary
Secondary Post-Secondary
Post-Secondary
19.1
19.1

2020

18.5
18.5

17
17
13.6
13.6
1515
11.7
11.7
11.3
11.3

11.3
11.3

10.6
10.6

10.6
10.6

10.4
10.4
10.3
10.3

10.3
10.3
10.2
10.2
10.3
10.3

9.9
9.9

9.4
9.4

9.3
9.3
1010
8.8
8.8

8.7
8.7
8.4
8.4

55

00
2010
2010 2011
2011 2012
2012 2013
2013 2014
2014

Education
EducationLevel
Level 2010
2010 2011
2011 2012
2012 2013
2013 2014
2014
Pre-Primary
Pre-Primary 19.1
19.1 11.7
11.7 13.6
13.6 18.5
18.5 17.0
17.0
Primary
Primary 11.3
11.3 11.3
11.3 10.6
10.6 10.3
10.3 10.3
10.3
Secondary
Secondary 10.3
10.3 10.2
10.2 9.9
9.9 9.4
9.4 9.3
9.3
Post-Secondary
Post-Secondary 8.4
8.4 8.8
8.8 10.6
10.6 10.4
10.4 8.7
8.7
Source:
Source:Brunei
BruneiDarussalam
DarussalamEducation
EducationStatistics
Statistics2010
2010- 2014,
- 2014,DPDR
DPDR

20
 IV Glossary

GROSS ENROLMENT RATE (GER)

Total enrolment in a specific level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the
eligible official school-age population corresponding to the same level of education in a given school
year. Divide the number of pupils enrolled in a given level of education regardless of age by the
population of the age group which officially corresponds to the given level of education, and multiply
the result by 100. A high GER generally indicates a high degree of participation, whether the pupils
belong to the official age group or not. A GER value approaching or exceeding 100% indicates that a
country is, in principle, able to accommodate all of its school-age population, but it does not indicate the
proportion already enrolled. The achievement of a GER of 100% is therefore a necessary but not
sufficient condition for enrolling all eligible children in school. (Education Indicators 2009, UNESCO)

NET ENROLMENT RATE (NER)

Enrolment of the official age group for a given level of education expressed as a percentage of the
corresponding population. Divide the number of pupils enrolled who are of the official age group for a
given level of education by the population for the same age group and multiply the result by 100. A high
NER denotes a high degree of coverage for the official school-age population. If the NER is below 100%,
it shows the proportion of children not enrolled at the specified level of education. (Education Indicators
2009, UNESCO)

GROSS INTAKE RATE (GIR)

Total number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a
percentage of the population at the official primary school-entrance age. Divide the number of new
entrants in grade 1, irrespective of age, by the population of official school-entrance age, and multiply
the result by 100. A high GIR indicates a high degree of access to primary education. As this calculation
includes all new entrants to first grade (regardless of age), the ratio can exceed 100%, due to over-aged
and under-aged children entering primary school for the first time. (Education Indicators 2009, UNESCO)

NET INTAKE RATE (NIR)

New entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of the official primary school-entrance age,
expressed as a percentage of the population of the same age. Divide the number of children of official
primary school-entrance age who enter the first grade of primary education for the first time by the
population of the same age, and multiply the result by 100. A high NIR indicates a high degree of access
to primary education for the official primary school entrance age children. NIR of 100% is a necessary
condition for the policy goal of universal primary education. (Education Indicators 2009, UNESCO)

21
REPETITION RATE (RR)
Proportion of pupils enrolled in a given grade at a given school year who study in the same grade in the
following school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number
of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t. Repetition Rate
ideally should approach zero percent. High repetition rate reveals problems in the internal efficiency of
the educational system. When compared across grades, the patterns can indicate specific grades for
which there is higher repetition, hence requiring more in depth study of causes and possible remedies.
(Education Indicators 2009, UNESCO)

PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO (PTR)

Average number of pupils (students) per teacher at a specific level of education in a given school year.
Divide the total number of pupils enrolled at the specified level of education by the number of teachers
at the same level. A high teacher pupil-ratio suggests that each teacher has to be responsible for a large
number of pupils. In other words, the higher the pupil/teacher ratio, the lower the relative access of
pupils to teachers. It is generally assumed that a low pupil-teacher ratio signifies smaller classes, which
enables the teacher to pay more attention to individual students, which may in the long run result in a
better performance of the pupils. (Education Indicators 2009, UNESCO)

22