Practice Improvement Cooperation Innovation

Transformer Differential Relay

PCS-9671

NR Electric Co., Ltd.

Application Scheme
Protection scheme for transformer

PANEL 1
CB
PCS-
9671

PCS- PCS-
9611 9611

CB

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Hardware of PCS-9671
Front View

PCS-9671
TRANSFORMER RELAY

HEALTHY

ALARM

ENT

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Hardware of PCS-9671
Rear view of PCS-9671

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Hardware of PCS-9671
Hardware structure

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Hardware of PCS-9671
Power supply module
Pin No. Sign Description
1 SIG_COM Signal common output terminal

2 BO_Fail_Device Failure signal output

3 BO_Alm_Device Alarming signal output

4 The No.1 programmable tripping and closing binary output.

BO_Prot_01
5 It is also a self-latched output contact.

6 The No.2 programmable tripping and closing binary output.

BO_Prot_02
7 It is also a self-latched output contact.

8
BO_01 The No.3 programmable tripping and closing binary output.
9

10
BO_02 The No.4 programmable tripping and closing binary output.
11

12
BO_03 The No.5 programmable tripping and closing binary output.
13

14
BO_04 The No.6 programmable tripping and closing binary output.
15

16
BO_05 The No.7 programmable tripping and closing binary output.
17

18
BO_06 The No.8 programmable tripping and closing binary output.
19

20 PSW+ DC power supply positive input

21 PSW- DC power supply negative input

22 GND Grounded terminal

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Hardware of PCS-9671
CPU module

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Hardware of PCS-9671
AI module (4I4U) slot 4
CT
4422
High-value Low-value
analog inputs LPF
analog outputs
301 302
303 304
VT
305 306
307 308
No. Description No. Description No. Description
309 310
311 312 301 Ia-S1-1A 310 Icn-S1-1A 319 Ub
313 314
302 Ian-S1-1A 311 Ic-S1-5A 320 Ubn
315 316
317 318 303 Ia-S1-5A 312 Icn-S1-5A 321 Uc
319 320 304 Ian-S1-5A 313 I0-S1-1A 322 Ucn
321 322
323 324 305 Ib-S1-1A 314 I0n-S1-1A 323 U0
306 Ibn-S1-1A 315 I0-S1-5A 324 U0n
307 Ib-S1-5A 316 I0n-S1-5A
308 Ibn-S1-5A 317 Ua
309 Ic-S1-1A 318 Uan www.nrelect.com 8
Hardware of PCS-9671
AI module (4I4U) slot 2
CT
4422
High-value Low-value
analog inputs LPF
analog outputs
301 302
303 304
VT
305 306
307 308
No. Description No. Description No. Description
309 310
311 312 301 Ia-S2-1A 310 Icn-S2-1A 319 Not used
313 314
302 Ian-S2-1A 311 Ic-S2-5A 320 Not used
315 316
317 318 303 Ia-S2-5A 312 Icn-S2-5A 321 Not used
319 320 304 Ian-S2-5A 313 I0-S2-1A 322 Not used
321 322
323 324 305 Ib-S2-1A 314 I0n-S2-1A 323 Not used
306 Ibn-S2-1A 315 I0-S2-5A 324 Not used
307 Ib-S2-5A 316 I0n-S2-5A
308 Ibn-S2-5A 317 Not used
309 Ic-S2-1A 318 Not used www.nrelect.com 9
Hardware of PCS-9671
BO module

Tripping output

Signals from Driver Control output

CPU Module Circuit

Signal output

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 Hardware of PCS-9671
BI module

Binary inputs OPT To CPU Module

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Hardware of PCS-9671
XXX.OutMap: 0~0xFFF
Corresponding Binary
Bit No. Trip Output
Output
0 B09.BO_01 BO_Trp01
1 B09.BO_02 BO_Trp02
2 B09.BO_03 BO_Trp03
3 B09.BO_04 BO_Trp04
4 B09.BO_05 BO_Trp05
5 B09.BO_06 BO_Trp06
6 B06.BO_01 BO_Trp07
7 B06.BO_02 BO_Trp08
8 B06.BO_03 BO_Trp09
9 B06.BO_04 BO_Trp10
10 B06.BO_05 BO_Trp11
11 B06.BO_06 BO_Trp12

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Protection Theory
Fundamentals of differential protection

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Protection Theory
Fundamentals of differential protection

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Protection Theory
Phase shift compensation
Y> compensation method

I AY ( I A I B ) / 3 I a I a


I BY ( I B I C ) / 3 I b I b
I I
I CY ( I C I A ) / 3
c c

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 Protection Theory
Calculate rated secondary current of each side
S n CT2 n
Ie
3 U n CT1n
Example:
A 150/20kV Yn/d11 two-winding transformer, Sn=40MVA, CT ratio of
150kV side: 300/5, CT ratio of 20kV side: 3000/5A, calculate the rated
secondary current , if load current of HV side is 120A, find the
displayed per unit value of HV side.
Rated secondary current of 150kV side:
40000 5 120 5
I eH 2.57 A IH 0.79 I e
3 150 300 2.57 300
Rated secondary current of 20kV side:
40000 5
I eL 1.92 A
3 20 3000 www.nrelect.com 16
 Protection Theory
Sensitive percentage differential protection
I d Ibiased I r 0.5I e

I d Kbl ( I r -0.5I e ) I cdqd 0.5I e I r 3I e

I d ( I r -3I e ) Kbl 2.5I e I cdqd I r 3I e
where
m
1 m
Id I
i 1
i I r Ii
2 i 1
Sensitive percentage differential protection
- Sensitive to slight internal fault

- Blocking element: CT saturation, inrush current (optional), CT circuit

failure (optional), over-excitation (optional)

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 Protection Theory
Insensitive percentage differential protection
I d 1.2I e

Id Ie
where
m
1 m
Id I
i 1
i I r Ii
2 i 1
Insensitive percentage differential protection
- High setting and high restraint slope

- Blocking element: Inrush current, CT circuit failure (optional)

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 Protection Theory
Unrestrained instantaneous differential protection

I d Iins tan t
where
m
Id I
i 1
i

- Accelerate the trip when a serious inner fault occurs

- The setting should be greater than maximum inrush current

- Without any block element

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Protection Theory
Operation characteristic curve of current differential
protection

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Protection Theory 21

- Inrush current

Energizing test without inner fault

real 500kV transformer) www.nrelect.com 21
 Protection Theory 22

Characteristic of inrush current

- Consist of DC component

- Waveform is distorted

- Consist of plentiful harmonics

- declayed with time

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Protection Theory
Inrush current detection

I d _ 2 nd [87T .K _ Hm2] I d _1st

I d _ 3rd [87T .K _ Hm3] I d _1st

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 Protection Theory 24

Blocking mode
- Cross blocking mode

- Composite blocking mode

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Protection Theory 25

CT saturation

100
A (A)

-100
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
100
B (A)

-100
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
100
C (A)

-100
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
t (ms)
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Protection Theory 26

CT saturation detection

I d _ 2 nd k sat _ 2 nd I d _1st

I d _ 3rd ksat _ 3rd I d _1st

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Protection Theory 27

Over-excitation detection

I d _ 5 th > k 5 xb I d _ 1st
When voltage increases or frequency decreases will cause over
excitation

If voltage reaches to 120%-140% of rated voltage, the excitation

current can reach to 10%-43% of rated current

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 Protection Theory 28

- CT circuit failure discrimination

CT circuit failure discrimination will be enabled after FD of differential
protection picking up.
Any one of following three criteria is satisfied after FD of percentage
differential protection pickup, CT circuit failure discrimination will not
be carried out.
a) Maximum phase current of one side is lower than 0.2Ie before FD pickup.
When this occurs, only CT circuit failure discrimination of this side will not be
carried out.
b) The maximum phase current is high than 1.2Ie after FD pickup
c) Any phase current of any side after pickup increases than before FD pickup

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 Protection Theory 29

Zero-sequence differential protection (REF)

- Sensitive percentage zero-sequence differential protection

I 0 cdqd 0.5 I n
I 0 d I 0 cdqd I 0 r 0.5 I n

I 0 d k0b1 I 0 r 0.5 I n I 0 cdqd I 0 r 0.5 I n

where A A

I 0 d I 0 I 0 NP B B

C C

I 0 r max I 0 , I 0 NP
RCS-9671C

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 Protection Theory 30

- Sensitive percentage zero-sequence differential protection

I 0 cdqd 0.5 I n
I 0 d I 0 cdqd I0r I n

I 0 d k0b1 I 0 r I n I 0 cdqd I 0 r 0.5 I n

- Insensitive percentage zero-sequence differential protection

I 0 d 1.2 I n

I0d I0r

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Protection Theory
Operation characteristic curve of zero-sequence current
differential protection

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 Thanks for Your Attention!
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Version 2012
Copyright 2012 NR Electric Co., Ltd. All rights reserved